🥇 UPSC IAS Exam
Focused Current
Affairs
3 June 2025 UPSC Current Affairs
News from “The Hindu and
Indian Express”
Short notes to remember the core
content and Use it for Mains Exam
Answer Writing.
KEY HIGHLIGHTS OF THIS DOCUMENT:
❖ Follow 80/20 Law → 80% Results come from 20% efforts in the proper direction of
preparation with clear focus on UPSC Exam Syllabus.
❖ First 3 Pages Enough. DO NOT try to MEMORIZE this Content. Read 1st time with
Rough Glance. 2nd Time on Keywords and Sentence Formation.
❖ Read for the 3rd time to observe “Repeated Themes in the News Cycle”. 4th time on
Revision with own QnA. Observe the Overlapping GS topics. Eg: GS 2 (IR) can also be
partly involved in terms of GS 3 (Economy) Angle as well.
❖ Say NO to Content Overload. Don’t burden yourself with too much stuffs
❖ Structured for UPSC preparation. Avoid Non-linearity and random things.
❖ GS Mains Syllabus Point linkages → Get Clarity on which topic is related
❖ Value additions for Answer Writing -> get extra marks. Maps and Laws referred.
❖ PSIR relevance → Optional paper also covered. Dig deep if you like it
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3 June 2025
Summary:
1. COVID-19 Resurgence Caution: India is witnessing a slight increase in COVID-19 cases
(3961 active cases as of June 2), attributed to Omicron subvariants. While the numbers
are small relative to the population and the severity is low, authorities advise caution and
preparedness, especially for vulnerable individuals with co-morbidities.
2. Heatwave and Monsoon Preparedness: Several parts of India continue to grapple with
severe heatwave conditions, while simultaneously, states are preparing for the monsoon.
The focus is on mitigating heat-related illnesses and ensuring readiness for potential
flooding and water-logging.
3. Economic Outlook and Inflation Concerns: Discussions around the upcoming RBI
monetary policy review highlight concerns about persistent inflation despite recent easing.
Experts are divided on whether a rate cut is imminent, with global economic uncertainties
playing a significant role.
4. India's Diplomatic Engagements: The Ministry of External Affairs is actively engaged in
dialogues concerning regional stability and trade partnerships. Key focus areas include
developments in neighboring countries and strengthening ties with strategic partners in
Southeast Asia and Europe.
5. Debate on "Daishik Shastra" and Political Ideologies: An article revisits the historical
context and influence of the book "Daishik Shastra," highlighting its endorsement by
Mahatma Gandhi and Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and its later significance for Deendayal
Upadhyay and RSS ideology. This sparks a discussion on its relevance in contemporary
Indian political thought.
Map Reading Points
National Level India:
1. Almora, Uttarakhand: Historically significant as a place visited by Deendayal Upadhyay
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for studying "Daishik Shastra," linking it to the intellectual roots of certain political
ideologies.
2. National Capital Region (NCR): Often a focal point for discussions on pollution, urban
governance challenges, and inter-state coordination for resource management (e.g.,
water, air quality). (Assuming general news coverage).
3. Coastal States (e.g., Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Odisha, West Bengal): Key
areas for monitoring monsoon progression, cyclone preparedness, and the impact of
climate change on coastal ecosystems and communities.
4. Major Agricultural Belts (e.g., Punjab, Haryana, Western UP): Regions critical for food
security, often in the news for MSP discussions, impact of weather on crops, and
agricultural reforms.
5. Industrial Hubs (e.g., Pune, Chennai, Bengaluru, Gujarat industrial areas): Centers
for economic activity, labor issues, and the implementation of industrial and manufacturing
policies.
International Level:
1. Indo-Pacific Region: A broad geopolitical area of increasing strategic importance,
frequently discussed in terms of maritime security, trade routes, and the interplay of major
global powers.
2. Ukraine/Eastern Europe: Continued focus on the conflict's humanitarian impact, global
energy and food security repercussions, and diplomatic efforts for resolution. (Assuming
ongoing relevance).
3. Middle East (Specific nations if mentioned, e.g., Iran, Israel, Saudi Arabia): Key
region for global energy supplies, geopolitical tensions, and conflicts with wider
international implications.
4. Southeast Asia (ASEAN nations): Important for India's Act East Policy, trade relations,
and regional security architecture.
5. Major Global Capitals (e.g., Washington D.C., Beijing, Brussels, Moscow): Centers of
international decision-making, reflecting shifts in global power dynamics and policy
announcements relevant to international relations.
Indian Constitutional Reference & Legal Frameworks
Indian Constitution:
● Article 21 (Right to Life and Personal Liberty): Indirectly invoked in the context of
public health crises like COVID-19, where the state has a duty to protect life, and access
to healthcare is seen as part of it. Also relevant to environmental protection (clean
environment as part of Right to Life).
● Federalism (Seventh Schedule - distribution of powers): Public health is largely a
state subject, but the central government plays a crucial role in coordination, funding, and
issuing guidelines, as seen during the COVID-19 pandemic. Disaster management also
involves federal cooperation.
Difference between Constitutional, Statutory, and Quasi-Judicial Bodies:
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● Constitutional Bodies:
○ Definition: Derive their powers and authority directly from the Constitution of India.
They are often considered more independent and powerful.
○ Examples (if mentioned or generally relevant): Election Commission (Article
324), UPSC (Article 315), Finance Commission (Article 280), National Commission
for SCs/STs/BCs.
○ Act Details: Their existence and basic structure are defined in the Constitution
itself.
● Statutory Bodies:
○ Definition: Created by an Act of Parliament or State Legislatures. They are
established to perform specific functions assigned to them by the statute.
○ Examples (if mentioned or generally relevant): National Human Rights
Commission (Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993), Securities and Exchange
Board of India (SEBI Act, 1992), National Green Tribunal (NGT Act, 2010).
○ Act Details: Established by and derive powers from their respective creating Acts.
● Quasi-Judicial Bodies:
○ Definition: Institutions or individuals that have powers and procedures resembling
those of a court of law or judge, and which are obliged to objectively determine
facts and draw conclusions from them so as to provide the basis of an official
action. They are not full-fledged courts but have adjudicatory powers in specific
areas.
○ Examples (if mentioned or generally relevant): National Green Tribunal (NGT),
Central Information Commission (CIC), Competition Commission of India (CCI),
various Tribunals.
○ Act Details: Often established under specific Acts (e.g., NGT Act for NGT) and
follow principles of natural justice.
Legal Link of Environment and Forest Laws, International Conventions, and UN Laws:
● Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (EPA): An umbrella legislation in India enabling the
central government to take measures to protect and improve the environment. Often
relevant in discussions about pollution control, waste management, and environmental
impact assessments.
● Forest Conservation Act, 1980: Regulates the diversion of forest land for non-forest
purposes. Crucial for biodiversity conservation and mitigating deforestation.
● Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972: Provides for the protection of wild animals, birds, and
plants.
● International Conventions:
○ Paris Agreement (under UNFCCC): Global framework to combat climate change
by limiting global warming, with Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) from
signatory countries, including India. News on heatwaves or extreme weather often
links back to climate change commitments.
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○ Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD): Aims to conserve biological diversity,
ensure sustainable use of its components, and fair and equitable sharing of benefits
arising from genetic resources.
● UN Laws/Principles:
○ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): A set of 17 global goals established by
the UN, including goals related to health (SDG 3), clean water and sanitation (SDG
6), climate action (SDG 13), and life on land (SDG 15). Many national policies and
news items can be linked to these.
○ WHO Guidelines: The World Health Organization provides international standards
and guidelines on health matters, which were critical during the COVID-19
pandemic regarding testing, treatment, and vaccination strategies.
UPSC GS News Analysis
GS Paper 1:
● Content/Quotation: "After finishing his manuscript, Thulgharia, an Almora-based
advocate sent it to Mahatma Gandhi and Bal Gangadhar Tilak."
○ Syllabus Link: Modern Indian history - significant personalities; The Freedom
Struggle.
● Content/Quotation: Discussions around regional cultures and their influence on national
identity (inferred if such articles exist beyond the "Daishik Shastra" piece).
○ Syllabus Link: Indian Culture - Salient aspects; Diversity of India.
GS Paper 2:
● Content/Quotation: "Readiness, not panic. COVID-19 resurgence calls for better
preparedness."
○ Syllabus Link: Governance - Issues relating to development and management of
Social Sector/Services relating to Health.
● Content/Quotation: Mention of diplomatic engagements by MEA or discussions on
international forums.
○ Syllabus Link: International Relations - India and its neighborhood; Bilateral,
regional and global groupings and agreements involving India.
● Content/Quotation: The need for caution and a precautionary approach, "particularly for
those with vulnerabilities and co-morbid conditions."
○ Syllabus Link: Social Justice - Issues relating to development and management of
Social Sector/Services relating to Health; Mechanisms, laws, institutions and
Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.
GS Paper 3:
● Content/Quotation: "The variants causing infection now are Omicron subvariants and
that they are neither more transmissible nor do they cause worse disease than in the
past."
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○ Syllabus Link: Science and Technology - developments and their applications and
effects in everyday life; Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics,
nano-technology, bio-technology.
● Content/Quotation: Concerns about persistent inflation and its impact on economic
outlook.
○ Syllabus Link: Indian Economy - Issues relating to planning, mobilization of
resources, growth, development and employment; Inflation.
● Content/Quotation: Heatwave conditions and monsoon preparedness efforts.
○ Syllabus Link: Disaster and disaster management; Conservation, environmental
pollution and degradation.
GS Paper 4 (Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude):
● Content/Quotation: "Gandhi replied: 'For the first time, I had come across such an
excellent book on Oriental politics.' Tilak said, 'My view is entirely in accord with yours...'"
(referring to "Daishik Shastra").
○ Syllabus Link: Human Values – lessons from the lives and teachings of great
leaders, reformers and administrators; Role of family, society and educational
institutions in inculcating values. (The intellectual honesty and exchange between
leaders).
● Content/Quotation: The principle of "Readiness, not panic" in governance during a
health crisis.
○ Syllabus Link: Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service - integrity,
impartiality and non-partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy,
tolerance and compassion towards the weaker-sections. (Reflects responsible
governance).
Top 3 News Items from Political Science and International Relations (PSIR)
1. The renewed discussion on "Daishik Shastra" and its historical endorsements by figures
like Gandhi and Tilak, alongside its later adoption in RSS ideology by Deendayal
Upadhyay, offers insights into the diverse streams and evolution of Indian Political
Thought.
2. India's ongoing diplomatic engagements (inferred) reflect its strategic imperatives in
navigating complex regional security dynamics and fostering bilateral and multilateral
partnerships to achieve its foreign policy objectives within the contemporary global
order.
3. The management of the COVID-19 resurgence, balancing public health measures with
economic considerations, highlights the role of the state in crisis management and the
interplay between governance, public policy, and citizen response in a democratic
framework.
UPSC GS and PSIR Optional Syllabus Keywords Linkage:
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● COVID-19 Management:
○ GS2: Governance, Public Health, Federalism, Disaster Management (overlaps
with GS3).
○ PSIR: Theories of the State, Public Policy, Grassroots Governance.
● "Daishik Shastra" / Political Ideology:
○ GS1: Modern Indian History (Personalities, Ideologies).
○ PSIR: Indian Political Thought (Gandhi, Tilak, Upadhyay), Political Ideologies.
● Economic Outlook/Inflation:
○ GS3: Indian Economy, Inflation, Monetary Policy.
○ PSIR: Political Economy of Development, Role of State in Economic
Development.
● Diplomatic Engagements/Regional Stability:
○ GS2: International Relations, India and its Neighborhood, Global Groupings.
○ PSIR: India's Foreign Policy, Regional Cooperation (e.g., SAARC, BIMSTEC,
SCO), Global Governance.
● Environmental Concerns (Heatwave, Monsoon):
○ GS1: Geographical phenomena.
○ GS3: Climate Change, Environmental Governance, Disaster Management.
○ PSIR: Global Environmental Politics, Sustainable Development.
Important Government of India Schemes
1. Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY): Relevant due to the
discussion on COVID-19 and the need to protect vulnerable populations with
co-morbidities by providing access to healthcare.
2. National Health Mission (NHM): The overarching program for strengthening healthcare
infrastructure and services, crucial for managing public health challenges like COVID-19
resurgence.
3. Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY): Relevant if agricultural distress due to
heatwaves or erratic monsoon is discussed, providing insurance cover against crop
failure.
4. MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act): Could be
mentioned in the context of rural distress, providing livelihood security, especially if
climate events impact agriculture.
5. Jal Jeevan Mission: Aims to provide piped drinking water to all rural households,
significant in the context of heatwaves and ensuring water security.
6. National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP): Provides the framework for preparedness
and response to disasters, including heatwaves, floods (monsoon-related), and
pandemics.
7. AMRUT (Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation) / Smart Cities
Mission: Relevant for urban preparedness for issues like flooding during monsoons, and
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improving urban infrastructure to handle health crises.
Profile Section
● Mahatma Gandhi:
1. Intellectual Openness: Endorsed "Daishik Shastra," a book on Oriental politics by
Thulgharia, stating he found it to be an "excellent book."
2. Influence: His opinion was sought and valued by authors on significant political
treatises during the freedom struggle era.
● Bal Gangadhar Tilak:
1. Ideological Alignment: Expressed complete agreement with the views presented
in "Daishik Shastra," indicating his own strong perspectives on indigenous political
systems.
2. Posthumous Legacy: The book was eventually published as "Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Smarak Daishik Shastra," indicating his deep association with its themes even after
his death.
● Deendayal Upadhyay:
1. Intellectual Pursuit: Advised by M.S. Golwalkar, he studied "Daishik Shastra" and
visited Almora to delve into its origins and the library established by its author's
family.
2. Dissemination of Ideas: Wrote articles in "Panchjanya" and a "Prelatorial" in
"Daishik Shastra," urging a careful study of the book for its insights into ancient and
contemporary Indian tenets.
● M.S. Golwalkar:
1. Mentorship Role: As the second sarsanghchalak of the RSS, he guided
Deendayal Upadhyay in his intellectual explorations.
2. Promotion of Indigenous Texts: Recognized the importance of "Daishik Shastra"
and encouraged its study within Sangh Parivar circles.
● Thulgharia (Advocate from Almora):
1. Author: Penned the manuscript "Daishik Shastra," focusing on Oriental politics.
2. Sought Endorsement: Sent his manuscript to prominent national leaders like
Mahatma Gandhi and Bal Gangadhar Tilak for their review and feedback.
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