Created in COMSOL Multiphysics 6.

Heat Sink with Surface-to-Surface Radiation

This model is licensed under the COMSOL Software License Agreement 6.3.
All trademarks are the property of their respective owners. See [Link]/trademarks.
Introduction
This application extends the Heat Sink model by taking surface-to-surface radiation into
account. For a detailed description of the application, see Heat Sink.

Application Library path: Heat_Transfer_Module/Tutorials,

_Forced_and_Natural_Convection/heat_sink_surface_radiation

Modeling Instructions

ROOT
In this second part you modify and solve the model to study the effects of surface-to-
surface radiation between the heat sink and the channel walls.

APPLICATION LIBRARIES
1 From the File menu, choose Application Libraries.
2 In the Application Libraries window, select Heat Transfer Module > Tutorials,
Forced and Natural Convection > heat_sink in the tree.
3 Click Open.

COMPONENT 1 (COMP1)
Now modify the model to include surface-to-surface radiation effects. First you need to
enable the surface-to-surface radiation property.

HEAT TRANSFER IN SOLIDS AND FLUIDS (HT)

By default, the radiation direction is controlled by the opacity of the domains. The solid
parts are automatically defined as opaque while the fluid parts are transparent. You can
change this setting using the Opacity feature in the Surface-to-Surface Radiation interface.

When the Diffuse Surface boundary condition defines Emitted radiation direction as Opacity
controlled (the default setting), the selected boundaries should be located between an
opaque and a transparent domain. The exterior is defined as transparent by default.
Change the default setting to make the exterior opaque and have the radiation direction
automatically defined on the channel walls.

2 | HEAT SINK WITH SURFACE-TO-SURFACE RADIATION

ADD PHYSICS
1 In the Physics toolbar, click Add Physics to open the Add Physics window.
2 Go to the Add Physics window.
3 In the tree, select Heat Transfer > Radiation > Surface-to-Surface Radiation (rad).
4 Click the Add to Component 1 button in the window toolbar.
5 In the Physics toolbar, click Add Physics to close the Add Physics window.

SURFACE-TO-SURFACE RADIATION (RAD)

Now you can add a surface-to-surface boundary condition to the model.

1 In the Settings window for Surface-to-Surface Radiation, locate the Boundary Selection
section.
2 From the Selection list, choose Exterior Walls.

Diffuse Surface 1
1 In the Model Builder window, under Component 1 (comp1) > Surface-to-
Surface Radiation (rad) click Diffuse Surface 1.
2 In the Settings window for Diffuse Surface, locate the Ambient section.
3 From the Tamb list, choose Ambient temperature (ampr1).
4 Locate the Surface Emissivity section. From the  list, choose User defined. In the
associated text field, type 0.85.

Opacity 1
1 In the Physics toolbar, click Domains and choose Opacity.
2 In the Settings window for Opacity, locate the Domain Selection section.
3 From the Selection list, choose All voids.

ADD MULTIPHYSICS
1 In the Physics toolbar, click Add Multiphysics to open the Add Multiphysics window.
2 Go to the Add Multiphysics window.
3 In the tree, select No Predefined Multiphysics Available for the Selected Physics Interfaces.
4 Find the Select the physics interfaces you want to couple subsection. In the table, clear
the Couple checkbox for Laminar Flow (spf).
5 In the tree, select Heat Transfer > Radiation > Heat Transfer with Surface-to-
Surface Radiation.
6 Click the Add to Component button in the window toolbar.

3 | HEAT SINK WITH SURFACE-TO-SURFACE RADIATION

7 In the Physics toolbar, click Add Multiphysics to close the Add Multiphysics window.

COMPONENT 1 (COMP1)
Hide the boundaries on the top and fronts to see the interior of the channel and the heat
sink.

1 Click the Click and Hide button in the Graphics toolbar.

2 Select Boundaries 1, 2, and 4 only.

ROOT
In order to keep the previous solution and to be able to compare it with this version of the
model, create a new stationary study. Edit the first study to exclude Surface-to-Surface
Radiation and make sure the same solution will be computed in case it is solved again.

ADD STUDY
1 In the Home toolbar, click Add Study to open the Add Study window.
2 Go to the Add Study window.
3 Find the Studies subsection. In the Select Study tree, select General Studies > Stationary.
4 Click the Add Study button in the window toolbar.
5 In the Home toolbar, click Add Study to close the Add Study window.

STUDY 1 - WITHOUT RADIATION

1 In the Model Builder window, right-click Study 1 and choose Rename.
2 In the Rename Study dialog, type Study 1 - without radiation in the New label text
field.
3 Click OK.

Step 1: Stationary
1 In the Model Builder window, expand the Study 1 - without radiation node, then click
Step 1: Stationary.
2 In the Settings window for Stationary, locate the Physics and Variables Selection section.
3 In the Solve for column of the table, under Component 1 (comp1), clear the checkbox for
Surface-to-Surface Radiation (rad).
4 In the Solve for column of the table, under Component 1 (comp1) > Multiphysics, clear
the checkbox for Heat Transfer with Surface-to-Surface Radiation 1 (htrad1).

STUDY 2 - WITH RADIATION

1 In the Model Builder window, click Study 2.

4 | HEAT SINK WITH SURFACE-TO-SURFACE RADIATION

2 In the Settings window for Study, type Study 2 - with radiation in the Label text
field.
3 In the Study toolbar, click Compute.

RESULTS
Some of the default plot groups of the new study will have similar names to the ones that
already exist. To avoid confusion, organize plots in two groups.

Energy Balance (ht), Pressure (spf), Temperature (ht), Temperature and Fluid Flow
(nitf1), Velocity (spf)
1 In the Model Builder window, under Results, Ctrl-click to select Temperature (ht),
Velocity (spf), Pressure (spf), Temperature and Fluid Flow (nitf1), and Energy Balance (ht).
2 Right-click and choose Group.

Without radiation
In the Settings window for Group, type Without radiation in the Label text field.

Pressure (spf) 1, Surface Radiosity (rad), Temperature (ht) 1, Temperature and Fluid
Flow (nitf1) 1, Velocity (spf) 1
1 In the Model Builder window, under Results, Ctrl-click to select Temperature (ht) 1,
Velocity (spf) 1, Pressure (spf) 1, Surface Radiosity (rad), and
Temperature and Fluid Flow (nitf1) 1.
2 Right-click and choose Group.

With radiation
In the Settings window for Group, type With radiation in the Label text field.

Transparency 1
1 In the Model Builder window, expand the Results > With radiation > Temperature (ht) 1
node.
2 Right-click Volume 1 and choose Transparency.

Temperature and Fluid Flow, with Radiation

The same default plot for temperature and fluid flow as before is generated automatically.
Modify this plot to compare both case with and without radiation.

1 In the Settings window for 3D Plot Group, type Temperature and Fluid Flow, with
Radiation in the Label text field.
2 In the Model Builder window, expand the Temperature and Fluid Flow, with Radiation
node.

5 | HEAT SINK WITH SURFACE-TO-SURFACE RADIATION

Fluid Flow
1 In the Model Builder window, expand the Results > With radiation >
Temperature and Fluid Flow, with Radiation > Fluid Flow node, then click Fluid Flow.
2 In the Settings window for Arrow Volume, locate the Arrow Positioning section.
3 Find the x grid points subsection. In the Points text field, type 40.
4 Find the y grid points subsection. In the Points text field, type 20.
5 Find the z grid points subsection. From the Entry method list, choose Coordinates.
6 In the Coordinates text field, type 5.

Filter 1
1 In the Model Builder window, click Filter 1.
2 In the Settings window for Filter, locate the Element Selection section.
3 In the Logical expression for inclusion text field, type spf.U>0.25*[Link].
4 In the Temperature and Fluid Flow, with Radiation toolbar, click Plot.
The plot in the Graphics window should look like that in the figure below.

6 | HEAT SINK WITH SURFACE-TO-SURFACE RADIATION