Mathematics Subject Code — 041 Classes XI-XIl (2025 — 26) The Syllabus in the subject of Mathematics has undergone changes from time to time in accordance with growth of the subject and emerging needs of the society. Senior Secondary stage is a launching stage from where the students go either for higher academic education in Mathematics or for professional courses like Engineering, Physical and Biological science, Commerce or Computer Applications. The present revised syllabus has been designed in accordance with National Curriculum Framework 2005 and as per guidelines given in Focus Group on Teaching of Mathematics 2005 which is to meet the emerging needs of all categories of students. Motivating the topics from real life situations and other subject areas, greater emphasis has been laid on application of various concepts. Objectives The broad objectives of teaching Mathematics at senior school stage intend to help the students + [Link] knowledge and critical understanding, particularly by way of motivation and visualization, of basic concepts, terms, principles, symbols and mastery of underlying processes and skills. + to feel the flow of reasons while proving a result or solving a problem + to apply the knowledge and skills acquired to solve problems and wherever possible, by more than one method + to develop positive attitude to think, analyze and articulate logically, + to develop interest in the subject by participating in related competitions + [Link] students with different aspects of Mathematics used in daily life. + to develop an interest in students to study Mathematics as a discipline + to develop awareness of the need for national integration, protection of environment, observance of small family norms, removal of social barriers, elimination of gender biases. + to develop reverence and respect towards great Mathematicians for their contributions to the field of MathematicsCOURSE STRUCTURE CLASS XI (2025-26) Three Hours Max Marks: 80 No. Units Marks T ‘Sets and Functions 2 T Algebra 25 iil, | Coordinate Geometry 2 W.__ | Calculus 08 V.__| Statistics and Probability 2 | | Totar 80 Internal Assessment 20 “No chapter/unit-wise weightage. Care to be taken to cover all the chapters. Unit-I: Sets and Functions 1. Sets Sets and their representations, Empty set, Finite and Infinite sets, Equal sets, Subsets, Subsets of a set of real numbers especially intervals (with notations). Universal set. Venn diagrams, Union and Intersection of sets. Difference of sets. Complement of a set. Properties of Complement 2. Relations & Functions Ordered pairs. Cartesian product of sets. Number of elements in the Cartesian product of two finite sets. Cartesian product of the set of reals with itself (up to R x R x R). Definition of relation, pictorial diagrams, domain, co-domain and range of a relation. Function as a special type of relation. Pictorial representation of a function, domain, co-domain and range of a function. Real valued functions, domain and range of these functions, constant, identity, polynomial, rational, modulus, signum, exponential, logarithmic and greatest integer functions, with their graphs. Sum, difference, product and quotients of functions. 3. Trigonometric Functions Positive and negative angles. Measuring angles in radians and in degrees and conversion from one measure to another. Definition of trigonometric functions with the help of unit circle. Truth of the identity sin?x + cos*x = 1, for all x. Signs of trigonometric functions, Domain and range of trigonometric functions and their graphs. Expressing sin (x + y) and cos (x + y) in terms of sinx, siny, cosx & cosy and their simple applications. Deducing identities like the followingtanxbtany tan xtany cotaFeoty tan@e ty) = cotyEcotx cot(x ty) = sina +sinB = 2sin3 (a +B) cos? (a FB) cosa +cosf = 2cos5 (a +f) cos; (a —B) cosa ~ cos = -2sin>(a + f)sin>(a - f) Identities related to sin 2x, cos 2x, tan 2x, sin 3x, cos 3x and tan 3x. Unit-I: Algebra 1. Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations Need for complex numbers, especially V—1, to be motivated by inability to solve some of the quadratic equations. Algebraic properties of complex numbers. Argand plane. 2. Linear Inequalities Linear inequalities. Algebraic solutions of linear inequalities in one variable and their representation on the number line. 3. Permutations and Combinations Fundamental principle of counting. Factorial n. (n!) Permutations and combinations, derivation of Formulae for °P., °C, and their connections, simple applications. 4 Binomial Theorem Historical perspective, statement and proof of the binomial theorem for positive integral indices. Pasca''s triangle, simple applications. 5. Sequence and Series Sequence and Series. Arithmetic Mean (A.M.) Geometric Progression (G.P.), general term of a GP., sum of n terms of a G.P., infinite G.P. and its sum, geometric mean (G.M.), relation between A.M. and G.M Unit-ll: Coordinate Geometry 1. Straight Lines Brief recall of two-dimensional geometry from earlier classes. Slope of a line and angle between two lines. Various forms of equations of a line: parallel to axis, point -slope form, slope-intercept form, two-point form, intercept form. Distance of a point from a line.2. Conic Sections Sections of a cone: circles, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola, a point, a straight line and a pair of intersecting lines as a degenerated case of a conic section. Standard equations and simple properties of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola, Standard equation of a circle. 3. Introduction to Three-dimensional Geometry Coordinate axes and coordinate planes in three dimensions. Coordinates of a point. Distance between two points. Unit-IV: Calculus 1. Limits and Derivatives Derivative introduced as rate of change both as that of distance function and geometrically. Intuitive idea of limit. Limits of polynomials and rational functions trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions. Definition of derivative relate it to scope of tangent of the curve, derivative of sum, difference, product and quotient of functions of polynomial and trigonometric functions. Unit-V Statistics and Probability 1. Statistics Measures of Dispersion: Range, Mean deviation, variance and standard deviation of ungrouped/grouped data. 2. Probability Events; occurrence of events, ‘not’, ‘and’ and ‘or’ events, exhaustive events, mutually exclusive events, Axiomatic (set theoretic) probability, connections with other theories of earlier classes. Probability of an event, probability of ‘not’, ‘and’ and ‘or’ events.MATHEMATICS QUESTION PAPER DESIGN CLASS - XI (2025-26) Time: 3 hours Max, Marks: 80 % s. Typology of Questions Total | Weight No. Marks | age Remembering: Exhibit memory of previously learned material 4 | byrecalling facts, terms, basic concepts, and answers. 58 4 Understanding: Demonstrate understanding of facts andideas | “4 by organizing, comparing, translating, interpreting, giving descriptions, and stating main ideas 2 Applying: Solve problems to new situations by applying 95 25 acquired knowledge, facts, techniques and rules in a different way. ‘Analysing: Examine and break information into parts by identifying motives. or causes. Make inferences and find evidence to support generalizations Evaluating: 3.) Present and defend opinions by making judgments about 16 20 information, validity of ideas, or quality of work based on a set of criteria. Creating: Compile information together in a different way by combining elements in a new pattern or proposing alternative solutions [Total [30 700 1. 2 No chapter wise weightage. Care to be taken to cover all the chapters Suitable internal variations may be made for generating various templates keeping the overall weightage to different form of questions and typology of questions same. Choice(s): There will be no overall choice in the question paper. However, 33% internal choices will be given in all the sections INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 20 MARKS Periodic Tests (Best 2 out of 3 tests conducted) 10 Marks Mathematics Activities: 10 Marks: Note: Please refer the guidelines given under XII Mathematics Syllabus.CLASS — XI (2025-26) The following topics are included in the syllabus but will be assessed only formatively to reinforce understanding without adding to summative assessments. This reduces academic stress while ensuring meaningful learning. Schools can integrate these with existing chapters as they align well Relevant NCERT textual material is enclosed for reference. [Link], Content Unit-I: Sets and Functions 1, | Sets Practical problems on Union and Intersection of two sets 2,_| Relations and Functions Composition of Functions 3,_| Trigonometric Functions General solution of trigonometric equations of the type siny = sina, cosy = cosa and tany = tana Unit-il: Algebra 1,_| Principle of Mathematical Induction Process of the proof by induction, motivating the application of the method by looking at natural numbers as the least inductive subset of real numbers. The principle of mathematical induction and simple applications. 2,_| (Complex Numbers and) Quadratic Equations Polar representation of complex numbers. Statement of Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, solution of quadratic equations (with real coefficients) in the complex number system. 3,_| Linear Inequalities Graphical solution of linear inequalities in two variables. Graphical method of finding a solution of system of linear inequalities in two variables. 4,_| Binomial Theorem General and middle term in binomial expansion 5,_| Sequence and Series Formulae for the following special sums Do fei fet ft Unit-lI: Coordinate Geometry 1,_| Straight Lines Normal form. General equation of a line. 2._| Introduction to Three-dimensional Geometry Section formula Unit-IV: Calculus 1,_| Limits and Derivatives Derivatives of composite functions (Chain rule). Unit-V Statistics and Probability 1,_| Probability Random experiments; outcomes, sample space (Set representation).COURSE STRUCTURE CLASS - XII (2025-26) One Paper Max. Marks: 80 No. | Units Marks T__| Relations and Functions 08 1] Algebra 10 Ti] Caleulus 35 1V.__| Vectors and Three - Dimensional Geometry 14 V._| Linear Programming 05 Vi._| Probability 08 Total 30 Internal Assessment 20 Unit: Relations and Functions 1. Relations and Functions Types of relations: reflexive, symmetric, transitive and equivalence relations. One to one and onto functions. 2. Inverse Trigonometric Functions Definition, range, domain, principal value branch. Graphs of inverse trigonometric functions. Uni Igebra 1. Matrices Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero and identity matrix, transpose of a matrix, symmetric and skew symmetric matrices. Operations on matrices: Addition and multiplication and multiplication with a scalar. Simple properties of addition, multiplication and scalar multiplication. Non- commutativity of multiplication of matrices and existence of non- zero matrices whose product is the zero matrix (restrict to square matrices of order 2). Invertible matrices and proof of the uniqueness of inverse, if it exists; (Here all matrices will have real entries). 2. Determinants Determinant of a square matrix (up to 3 x 3 matrices), minors, co-factors and applications of determinants in finding the area of a triangle. Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix Consistency, inconsistency and number of solutions of system of linear equations by examples, solving system of linear equations in two or three variables (having unique solution) using inverse of a matrix.Unit-Ill: Calculus 1. Continuity and Differentiability Continuity and differentiability, chain rule, derivative of composite functions, derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions like sin x, cos“ x and tan“ x, derivative of implicit functions. Concept of exponential and logarithmic functions. Derivatives of logarithmic and exponential functions. Logarithmic differentiation, derivative of functions expressed in parametric forms. Second order derivatives. 2. Applications of Derivatives Applications of derivatives: rate of change of quantities, increasing/decreasing functions, maxima and minima (first derivative test motivated geometrically and second derivative test given as a provable tool). Simple problems (that illustrate basic principles and understanding of the subject as well as real- life situations) 3. Integrals Integration as inverse process of differentiation. Integration of a variety of functions by substitution, by partial fractions and by parts, Evaluation of simple integrals of the following types and problems based on them. dx ax ax ax ax petq SaaS Fa S Jers aatvomee’ S Tetras’ watebxe 1 J et dx, f Ja? + x? dx, f Vx? — a? dx, f Vax? + bx t+cdx vart+bxte Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (without proof). Basic properties of definite integrals and evaluation of definite integrals. 4, Application of the Integrals Applications in finding the area under simple curves, especially lines, circles/ parabolasiellipses (in standard form only) 5. Differential Equations Definition, order and degree, general and particular solutions of a differential equation. Solution of differential equations by method of separation of variables, solutions of homogeneous differential equations of first order and first degree. Solutions of linear differential equation of the type: 2 + py = q, where p and q are functions of x or constants. & + px = q, where p and q are functions of y or constants.Unit-IV: Vectors and Three-dimensional Geometry 1. Vectors Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector. Direction cosines and direction ratios of a vector. Types of vectors (equal, unit, zero, parallel and collinear vectors), position vector of a point, negative of a vector, components of a vector, addition of vectors, multiplication of a vector by a scalar, position vector of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio. Definition, Geometrical Interpretation, properties and application of scalar (dot) product of vectors, vector (cross) product of vectors. 2. Three-dimensional Geometry Direction cosines and direction ratios of a line joining two points. Cartesian equation and vector equation of a line, skew lines, shortest distance between two lines. Angle between two lines Unit-V: Linear Programming Problem 1. Linear Program g Introduction, related terminology such as constraints, objective function, optimization, graphical method of solution for problems in two variables, feasible and infeasible regions (bounded or unbounded), feasible and infeasible solutions, optimal feasible solutions (up to three non-trivial constraints). Unit-VI: Probability 1. Probability Conditional probability, multiplication theorem on probability, independent events, total probability, Bayes’ theoremMATHEMATICS (Code No. - 041) QUESTION PAPER DESIGN CLASS - Xil (2025-26) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 80 Typology of Questions % Total | Weightage Marks, Remembering: Exhibit memory of previously leamed material by recalling facts, terms, basic concepts, and answers. Understanding: Demonstrate understanding of facts and ideas by organizing, comparing, translating, interpreting, giving descriptions, and stating main ideas 44 55 Applying: Solve problems to new situations by applying acquired knowledge, facts, techniques and rules in a different way. 20 25 ‘Analysing : Examine and break information into parts by identifying motives or causes. Make inferences and find evidence to ‘support generalizations Evaluating: Present and defend opinions by making judgments about information, validity of ideas, or quality of work based on a set of criteria. Creating: Compile information together in a different way by combining elements in a new pattern or proposing alternative solutions 16 20 Total 80 700 No chapter wise weightage. Care to be taken to cover all the chapters Suitable internal variations may be made for generating various templates keeping the overall weightage to different form of questions and typology of questions same. Choice(s): There will be no overall choice in the question paper. However, 33% internal choices will be given in all the sections INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 20 MARKS: Periodic Tests (Best 2 out of 3 tests conducted) 10 Marks Mathematics Activities 10 Marks Note: For activities NCERT Lab Manual may be referred.Conduct of Periodic Tests: Periodic Test is a Pen and Paper assessment which is to be conducted by the respective subject teacher. The format of periodic test must have questions items with a balance mix, such as, very short answer (VSA), short answer (SA) and long answer (LA) to effectively assess the knowledge, understanding, application, skills, analysis, evaluation and synthesis. Depending on the nature of subject, the subject teacher will have the liberty of incorporating any other types of questions too, The modalities of the PT are as follows: a) Mode: The periodic test is to be taken in the form of pen-paper test. b) Schedule: In the entire Academic Year, three Periodic Tests in each subject may be conducted as follows: Test Pre-Mid-term (PT-I) | Mid-Term (PT-Il) | Post Mid-Term (PT-IIl Tentative Month | July-August November December-January This is only a suggestive schedule and schools may conduct periodic tests as per their convenience. The winter bound schools would develop their own schedule with similar time gaps between two consecutive tests. ©) Average of Marks: Once schools complete the conduct of all the three periodic tests, they will convert the weightage of each of the three tests into ten marks each for identifying best two tests. The best two will be taken into consideration and the average of the two shall be taken as the final marks for PT d) The school will ensure simple documentation to keep a record of performance as suggested in detail circular no. Acad-05/2017. ) Sharing of Feedback/Performance: The students’ achievement in each test must be shared with the students and their parents to give them an overview of the level of learning that has taken place during different periods. Feedback will help parents formulate interventions (conducive ambience, support materials, motivation and morale-boosting) to further enhance learning. A teacher, while sharing the feedback with student or parent, should be empathetic, non- judgmental and motivating. It is recommended that the teacher share best examples/performances of IA with the class to motivate all learnersAssessment of Activity Work: Throughout the year any 10 activities shall be performed by the student from the activities given in the NCERT Laboratory Manual for the respective class (XI or XIl) which is available on the link: [Link] a record of the same may be kept by the student, An year end test on the activity may be conducted The weightage are as under: + The activities performed by the student throughout the year and record keeping: 5 marks + Assessment of the activity performed during the year end test: 3 marks + Viva-voce: 2 marks Prescribed Books: 1) Mathematics Textbook for Class XI, NCERT Publications 2) Mathematics Part | - Textbook for Class XII, NCERT Publication 3) Mathematics Part II - Textbook for Class XII, NCERT Publication 4) Mathematics Exemplar Problem for Class XI, Published by NCERT 5) Mathematics Exemplar Problem for Class XII, Published by NCERT 6) Mathematics Lab Manual class XI, published by NCERT. 7) Mathematics Lab Manual class XII, published by NCERT