Discuss how P&G's structure has changed over time and why.
Procter & Gamble (P&G) has undergone significant changes in its organizational
structure over the years, adapting to shifting market conditions and consumer demands.
Initially, P&G operated with a functional structure, where the company was organized
into departments like marketing, manufacturing, and research and development (R&D).
This structure was effective during its early years when the company had a smaller
product portfolio. However, as P&G expanded globally and diversified its offerings, the
functional structure became less efficient. In the 1980s and 1990s, the company
transitioned to a product-based structure, where it organized its business around key
categories such as detergents, personal care, and health. This allowed P&G to focus on
specific markets and tailor strategies to individual products. In the early 2000s, P&G
adopted a more complex model with Global Business Units (GBUs) responsible for
product categories across regions, and Market Development Organizations (MDOs) to
handle region-specific strategies. This was driven by the need to better leverage P&G’s
global scale and respond to both global trends and local market needs.
In the mid-2010s, P&G underwent another restructuring, focusing on streamlining its
product portfolio by cutting back on non-core brands and simplifying its organizational
structure. This restructuring was designed to increase agility, improve efficiency, and
focus on P&G's most profitable brands amid rising competition from smaller, more
nimble companies. Additionally, the company began emphasizing a “One P&G”
approach, which fostered collaboration across teams and regions. In the 2020s, P&G
continued its evolution by embracing digital transformation, creating more agile teams
that focused on data-driven decision-making, digital marketing, and e-commerce. The
rise of e-commerce and shifting consumer behavior further pushed P&G to adjust its
structure to remain competitive in a rapidly changing market. These structural changes
over time reflect P&G's efforts to adapt to globalization, technological advancements,
and evolving consumer preferences, ensuring its continued success in the competitive
consumer goods sector.