<!
DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title> RISESTOR</title>
</head>
<body>
<center><p><b> RESISTOR</b></p>
<img src="C:\Users\OBFC\OneDrive\Pictures\Screenshots\hahaha.png" border="4">
</center
<p><strong>What is Resistor</strong></p>
<p>Resistor is defined as a passive electrical component with two terminals that are used for either
limiting or regulating the flow of electric current in electrical circuits.</p>
<p>The main purpose of resistor is to reduce the current flow and to lower the voltage in any
particular portion of the circuit. It is made of copper wires which are coiled around a ceramic rod and
the outer part of the resistor is coated with an insulating paint.</p>
<hr />
<p><strong>How does resistor work</strong></p>
<p> A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that limits the current flowing in
electrical or electronic circuits. Its property to resist the flow of current is called resistance, expressed
in ohm (Ω), named after German physicist <strong> Georg Simon Ohm</strong>. </p>
<hr />
<p><strong>History</strong></p>
<p> The concept of resistance was first formalized by <u>Georg Simon Ohm, a German physicist, in
1827 </u>. Ohm discovered that the current flowing through a conductor between two points is
directly proportional to the voltage across the two points, introducing Ohm’s Law, which is
fundamental to electrical engineering.</p>
<p>Initially, resistors were not manufactured as discrete components. Early examples included
lengths of high-resistance wires or coils used in telegraphy and early radios. These were often made
from materials like nichrome or other alloys chosen for their resistive properties.</p>
<hr />
<p><b>Resistor Symbols</b></p>
<p> In general, resistors are usually represented by symbols such as<u> R, RN, RF,</u> and
<u>FS</u>. In the circuit, the symbol of the fixed resistor and trimming resistor is R, and the symbol
of the potentiometer is RP.</p>
<center><img
src="https://cdn1.byjus.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/physics/2017/11/03074619/Resistor-
SYMBOLS.jpg" width="250" height="150" border="4"></center>
<hr />
<p><b> Types of Resistor</b></p>
<table border="4">
<tr>
<td>
<p><b><u>Carbon film resistors</u></b> are made up of a pure carbon film enclosed in an insulating
cylindrical core, cut in a spiral to increase the resistive path.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><b><u>Metal film resistors</u></b> are produced with tantalum nitride but more often, they are
made using Nichrome. A combination of ceramic and metal is used as the resistive material. It has
better stability, temperature coefficient, and tolerance than carbon films.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><b><u>Wire wound resistors</u></b> are created using a winding resistance wire that has a
spiral non-conductive core. The resistance wire is made up of nickel-chromium and the core is
ceramic or fiberglass which has a coating protected with vitreous enamel.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><b><u>Precision resistors</u></b> have a thin bulk metal foil that is cemented on a ceramic
substrate. It is the most accurate and stable type and it features a very low-temperature coefficient
of resistance that is used for applications with high precision requirements.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><b><u>Metal oxide film resistors</u></b>. The resistive material is usually a metal oxide such as
tin oxide. It is useful in applications requiring higher endurance because it has a higher operating
temperature that makes it more reliable and stable.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><b><u>Carbon composite resistors</u></b> are made up of a mixture of fine carbon particles
and a non-conductive ceramic material pressed in a cylindrical shape and baked. The resistance value
depends on the dimensions of the body and the ratio between carbon and ceramic material.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><b>How to read resistor color code</b></p>
<p> Reading <b><u>resistor</u></b> color codes is easy once you understand the meaning and the
math behind each band used to indicate resistance value, tolerance, and sometimes even the
temperature coefficient. We’ve created a simple chart to explain resistor color coding for you.</p>
<hr />
<center><p> examples of how to read a resistor color code</p></center>
<center><img src="https://res.utmel.com/Images/UEditor/95f63af3-b8c7-4727-a355-
ec724ecaf3b8.png" width="450" height="300" border="2"></center>
<hr />
<p><strong>REFERENCES</strong></p>
<p>Admin. (2023, February 24). What is resistor? - symbol, types, unit, applications, color code.
BYJUS. https://byjus.com/physics/resistor/</p>
<p>Braza, J. (2025, March 18). How resistors work. Circuit Basics.
https://www.circuitbasics.com/what-is-a-resistor/</p>
<p>Reed, N. (2024, May 11). The ohm-azing history of resistors. World of Engineering.
https://worldofengineering.com/the-ohm-azing-history-of-resistors/</p>
<p>https://www.jakelectronics.com/blog/resistor-basics-resistor-symbol?srsltid=AfmBOooQTcLZu--
X3x5Ukg4IN2WNxDuUYH0es8H8fYGOxW9M_ACtow1J</p>
</body>
</html>
