DHARAMSHALA ROPEWAY LIMITED

EIA STUDY FOR FOR DEVELOPMENT OF PASSENGER

ROPEWAY BETWEEN DHARAMSHALA TO
MC LEDOGANJ, HIMACHAL PRADESH

DRAFT REPORT
JUNE 2016

RITES LIMITED
(A Government of India Enterprise)
RITES Bhawan,Plot No.1,Sector-29
GURGAON-122001(INDIA)
www.rites.com
 CONTENT

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................... 1.1

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY AND TERMS OF REFERENCE.......................... 1.2
1.4 LEGAL POLICY ................................................................................................... 1.2
1.4.1 Environmental Clearance of Development Projects................................... 1.2
1.4.2 Water and Water Pollution ........................................................................ 1.3
1.4.3 Air Quality ................................................................................................. 1.3
1.4.4 Noise Quality............................................................................................. 1.3
1.4.5 Solid Waste Management ......................................................................... 1.4
1.5 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK .......................................................................... 1.4
1.5.1 Central and State Pollution Control Boards ............................................... 1.4
1.6 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY........................................................................ 1.5
1.6.1 Data Collection.......................................................................................... 1.5
1.6.2 Environmental Impact Assessment ........................................................... 1.5
1.6.3 Environmental Management Plan ............................................................ 1.7
1.6.4 Environmental Monitoring......................................................................... 1.7
1.7 FORMAT OF THE EIA REPORT ......................................................................... 1.7

2. PROJECT DISCRIPTION

2.1 PROJECT LOCATION ......................................................................................... 2.1

2.2 SELECTION OF ALIGNMENT ............................................................................. 2.1
2.3 ROPEWAY SYSTEM .......................................................................................... 2.1
2.3.1 Construction/Fabrication of Structures………………………………………..2.9
2.3.2 Control System…………………………………………………………………..2.9
2.3.3 Communication………………………………………………………………….2.13
2.3.4 Power Requirement and Supply………………………………………………2.14
2.3.5 Operation and Maintenance of ropeway system…………………………….2.14
2.4 MANPOWER REQUIREMENT .................................................................. …….2.15
2.5 CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENT/MACHINERY……………… 2.15
2.6 SOIL INVESTIGATION ...................................................................................... 2.16
2.7 CONSTRUCTION METHOD………………………………………………………….2.17
2.8 CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE .......................................................................... 2.17
2.9 CONSTRUCTION PERIOD ................................................................................ 2.18
2.10 PROJECT COST ............................................................................................... 2.18

3. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

3.1 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................. 3.1

3.2 SITE ALTERNATIVE .......................................................................................................... 3.1
3.2.1 Alternative – I .......................................................................... ……………….3.2
3.2.2 Alternative – II ............................................................................................... 3.3
3.2.3 Alternative – III .............................................................................................. 3.3
3.2.4 Selection of Best Options .............................................................................. 3.4
3.3 TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVES........................................................................................ 3.4
3.3.1 Monocable Ropeway Systems............................................................................ 3.5
3.3.2 Bicable Ropeway Systems ................................................................................. 3.5
3.3.3 System Selection ................................................................................................ 3.5

4. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE DATA

4.1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING ........................................................................................... 4.1

4.2 LAND ENVIRONMENT ...................................................................................................... 4.3
4.2.1 Physiography............................................................................................................ 4.3
4.2.2 Geology and Soil ...................................................................................................... 4.3
4.2.3 Land use pattern ...................................................................................................... 4.8
4.2.4 Seismicity ............................................................................................................... 4.11
4.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................................. 4.12
4.3.1 Surface Water ........................................................................................................ 4.12
4.3.2 Ground Water.......................................................................................................... 4.13
4.3.3 Water Quality.......................................................................................................... 4.13
4.4 METEOROLOGY AND AIR ENVIRONMENT ................................................................... 4.19
4.4.1 Air Quality............................................................................................................... 4.23
4.4.2 Critically Polluted Area ........................................................................................... 4.24
4.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................................... 4.24
4.6 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT....................................................................................... 4.26
4.6.1 Natural Vegetation.................................................................................................. 4.26
4.6.2 Habitat Assessment................................................................................................. 4.28
4.6.3 Fauna ..................................................................................................................... 4.28
4.7 HISTORICAL/ARCHEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS ............................................................ 4.33
4.8 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT.............................................................................. 4.33
4.8.1 Kangra District ......................................................................................................... 4.34
4.8.2 Socio-Economic Profile within the Project Area ....................................................... 4.37
4.8.3 Socio-Economic Survey ........................................................................................ 4.38
4.8.4 Public Consultation.................................................................................................. 4.38

5. IMPACTS ASSESSMENT & MITIGATION MEASURES

5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS............................................................................................ 5.1

5.2 IMPACT ON LAND ENVIRONMENT.................................................................................. 5.1
5.2.1 Impacts on Topography, Drainage & Soil Quality ...................................................... 5.1
5.2.2 Impact on Slope Erosion/Landslide ........................................................................... 5.2
5.2.3 Risk due to Earthquakes ........................................................................................... 5.3
 5.2.4 Impact due to Solid Waste........................................................................................ 5.3
5.2.5 Impacts on Existing Features within 1 km ................................................................. 5.3
5.3 IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT .............................................................................. 5.3
5.3.1 Water Use ................................................................................................................ 5.4
5.4 IMPACTS ON AIR ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................... 5.5
5.4.1 Impacts during Construction ..................................................................................... 5.5
5.4.2 Impacts during Operation ........................................................................................ 5.6
5.5 IMPACT ON NOISE ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................ 5.7
5.5.1 Impact during Construction ....................................................................................... 5.7
5.5.2 Impact during Operation ........................................................................................... 5.8
5.6 IMPACT DUE TO VIBRATION ........................................................................................... 5.8
5.6.1 Impact during Construction ....................................................................................... 5.8
5.6.2 Impact during Operation ........................................................................................... 5.8
5.6.3 Impact due to Wind Pressure ................................................................................... 5.9
5.7 IMPACTS ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT .................................................................... 5.9
5.8 SOCIO- ECONOMIC IMPACTS .......................................................................................... 5.9
5.8.1 Loss of Agricultural Land ......................................................................................... 5.10
5.8.2 Loss of Crop Yield .................................................................................................... 5.10
5.8.3 Employment Opportunity .......................................................................................... 5.10
5.8.4 Benefit to Economy .................................................................................................. 5.10
5.8.5 Recreation and Tourism Potential............................................................................. 5.10
5.8.6 Pressure on Existing Environment ............................................................................ 5.11
5.8.7 Cultural Conflicts ...................................................................................................... 5.11
5.8.8 Woman and Gender Issue ........................................................................................ 5.11
5.8.9 Tribal People and Indigenous Population ................................................................. 5.11
5.8.10 Cost of Living Inflation ............................................................................................ 5.11
5.8.11 Better Connectivity ................................................................................................. 5.12
5.9 CHECKLIST OF IMPACTS ................................................................................................. 5.12
5.10 EPILOGUE........................................................................................................................ 5.12

6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

6.1 GENERAL .......................................................................................................................... 6.1

6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ........................................................................ 6.5
6.3 PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE ......................................................................................... 6.5
6.3.1 Forest and Wildlife Management……………………….……………………………....... 6.5
6.3.2 Energy Conservation Measures ............................................................................... 6.6
6.3.3 Construction Material Management .......................................................................... 6.7
6.3.4 Borrow area Management ........................................................................................ 6.7
6.3.5 Provision for Green Building ..................................................................................... 6.7
6.3.6 Rehabilitation and Resettlement of the Project ........................................................ 6.10
6.4 CONSTRUCTION STAGE ............................................................................................... 6.11
6.4.1 Air Pollution & Dust Control measures .................................................................... 6.11
6.4.2 Noise Control Measures………………………………………………………… ............ 612
6.4.3 Water Supply and Sanitation .................................................................................. 6.12
 6.4.4 Oil Spill control/Management .................................................................................... 6.12
6.4.5 Solid Waste Management ........................................................................................ 6.12
6.4.6 First aid Health System ........................................................................................... 6.14
6.4.7 Training ................................................................................................................... 6.14
6.4.8 Soil Erosion Control................................................................................................. 6.14
6.5 OPERATION STAGE ........................................................................................................ 6.15
6.5.1 Air Pollution Control.......................................................................................................... 6.15
6.5.2 Water Supply and Sanitation ............................................................................................ 6.15
6.5.3 Solid Waste Disposal ....................................................................................................... 6.15
6.5.4 First aid Health System .................................................................................................... 6.15
6.5.5 Green Belt ......................................................................................................................... 6.15
6.5.6 Community Development Program.................................................................................... 6.16
6.6 EPILOGUE....................................................................................................................... 6.17

7. RISK ANALYSIS

7.1 GENERAL ......................................................................................................................... 7.1

7.2 RISK ................................................................................................................................. 7.1
7.2.1 Risk Assessment ..................................................................................................... 7.1
7.2.2 Risk Characteristics ................................................................................................. 7.3
7.2.3 Risk management ................................................................................................... 7.3
7.2.4 Risk Communication................................................................................................ 7.3
7.2.5 Risk Assessment methodology................................................................................ 7.3
7.2.6 Safeguarding of Passengers and Personnel............................................................ 7.7
7.3 FIVE MAJOR PROBLEMS IN USE OF WIRE ROPES ...................................................... 7.8
7.4 IDENTIFIED HAZARD....................................................................................................... 7.9
7.5 CONSEQUENCES AND FREQUENCY ANALYSIS ........................................................ 7.10
7.6 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA .............................................................................................. 7.10
7.7 MITIGATION MEASURES .............................................................................................. 7.11
7.7.1 Design verification ................................................................................................. 7.11
7.7.2 Acceptance ........................................................................................................... 7.12
7.7.3 Materials................................................................................................................ 7.12
7.7.4 Foundation of towers ............................................................................................ 7.13
7.7.5 Maximum Speed and Minimum Spacing Between Vehicles................................... 7.13
7.7.6 Wind effects .......................................................................................................... 7.13
7.8.7 Inspection and Testing of Aerial Ropeways ........................................................... 7.13
7.8 RULES OF PRACTICE FOR PASSENGER ROPEWAYS............................................... 7.14
7.9 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF ROPEWAY ........................................................ 7.15
7.10 CONTROL AND SAFETY OF PASSENGERS ................................................................ 7.18
7.11 SAFETY MANAGEMENT PLANS ................................................................................... 7.18
7.12 ELECTRICAL PROTECTION .......................................................................................... 7.20
7.13 SAFETY CERTIFICATION .............................................................................................. 7.20
8. DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

8.1 DISASTER MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................. 8.1

8.1.1 Preventive Action ................................................................................................... 8.1
8.1.2 Reporting Procedures ............................................................................................. 8.1
8.1.3 Communication System .......................................................................................... 8.1
8.1.4 Emergency Action Committee ................................................................................ 8.1
8.2 EMERGENCY MEASURES ............................................................................................. 8.2
8.2.1 Safety Measures .................................................................................................... 8.2
8.2.2 Rescue and Other Arrangement ............................................................................. 8.3
8.2.2.1.Communication........................................................................................... 8.4
8.2.2.2.CCTV at Both Station ................................................................................. 8.5
8.2.2.3.Public Address System ............................................................................... 8.5
8.2.2.4.Protections.................................................................................................. 8.5

9. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN AND COST

9.1 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................ 9.1

9.2 WATER QUALITY MONITORING .................................................................................... 9.1
9.3 AIR AND NOISE QUALITY MONITORING....................................................................... 9.1
9.4 SOIL QUALITY MONITORING ......................................................................................... 9.2
9.5 ESTABLISHMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CELL ............................................................ 9.2
9.6 ENVIRONMENTAL COST................................................................................................ 9.2

10. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

10.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 10.1

10.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................. 10.2
10.3 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL DATA ............................................................................ 10.2
10.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ................................................................. 10.4
10.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN .................................................................... 10.5
10.6 RISK ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................ 10.8
10.7 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN................................................................................. 10.9
10.8 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN .................................................................... 10.10
10.9 ENVIRONMENTAL COST............................................................................................ 10.10
10.10 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................. 10.10

11. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT

11.1 EIA CONSULTANT ........................................................................................................ 11.1

11.2 OTHER ORGANIZATION/LABORATORIES ENGAGED................................................ 11.1
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 2.1 LOCATION OF ROPEWAY………………………………………………………........... 2.1

TABLE 2.2 SALIENT FEATURES OF ROPEWAY SYSTEM....................................................... 2.2
TABLE 2.3 PURPOSE WISE BREACKUP OF THE TOTAL LAND REQUIRED FOR THE
CONSTRUCTION OF DHARMASHALA ROPEWAYS LIMITED……………... .......... 2.5
TABLE 2.4 POWER REQUIREMENT………………………………………………………….......... 2.14
TABLE 2.5 MAJOR CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL………………………………………… .......... 2.16
TABLE 2.6 CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT AND MACHINERY………………………… ......... 2.16
TABLE 2.7 SOIL INVESTIGATION………………………………….……………………… . .......... 2.17
TABLE 4.1 SCOPING MATRIX FOR THE PROJECT ................................................................. 4.1
TABLE 4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES AND FREQUENCY OF MONITORING ............... 4.2
TABLE 4.3 SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS ................................................................................. 4.6
TABLE 4.4 SOIL SAMPLE ANALYSIS ........................................................................................ 4.6
TABLE 4.5 LAND USE CLASSIFICATION FOR STUDY AREA OF 15 KM RADIUS................. 4.10
TABLE 4.6 WATER SAMPLING LOCATION............................................................................. 4.13
TABLE 4.7 WATER QUALITY AT PROJECT SITE ................................................................... 4.14
TABLE 4.8 MONTHLY AVERAGE MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (ºC) OF DHARAMSHALA ..... 4.19
TABLE 4.9 MONTHLY AVERAGE MINIMUM TEMPERATURE (ºC) OF DHARAMSHALA ...... 4.19
TABLE 4.10 MONTHLY AVERAGE RELATIVE HUMIDITY OF DHARAMSHALA STATION AT
0830 IST………………………………………………………………………………… ..... 4.20
TABLE 4.11 MONTHLY AVERAGE RELATIVE HUMIDITY OF DHARAMSHALA STATION AT
1730 IST………………………………………………………………………………… ..... 4.20
TABLE 4.12 MONTHLY TOTAL RAINFALL IN MM OF DHARAMSHALA STATION………... .... 4.20
TABLE 4.13 AVERAGE CLOUD COVER, SOLAR RADIATION, ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE 4.21
TABLE 4.14 DESCRIPTIONOF AMBIENT AIR and NOISE QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS4.23
TABLE 4.15 AIR QUALITY IN AND AROUND PROJECT SITE ................................................. 4.24
TABLE 4.16 NOISE LEVELS OF THE PROJECT SITE ............................................................. 4.25
TABLE 4.17 LIST OF FAUNA……………………………………………………………………... ..... 4.29
TABLE 4.18 ADMINISTRATIVE SET UP OF HIMACHAL AND KANGRA…………………… ..... 4.35
TABLE 4.19 PROFILES OF TEHSILS, DISTRICTS AND HIMACHAL PRADESH………… ..... 4.36
TABLE 5.1 POLLUTION SOURCES AND CHARACTERISTICS ................................................ 5.2
TABLE 5.2 CONSTRUCTION STAGE WATER REQUIREMENT ............................................... 5.5
TABLE 5.3TOTAL POLLUTION LOAD DURING CONSTRUCTION PERIOD .............................. 5.6
TABLE 5.4 POLLUTION DUE TO OPERATION DURING POWER CUT………………. .............. 5.6
TABLE 5.5 DETAILS OF CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTS ........................................................ 5.6
TABLE 5.6 IMPACTS ON ECOLOGY .......................................................................................... 5.9
TABLE 5.7 BIOMASS LOSS ........................................................................................................ 5.9
TABLE 5.8 CHECKLIST OF IMPACTS ...................................................................................... 5.12
TABLE 6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES………………………………............... 6.1
TABLE 6.2 THE TECHNICAL DETAILS OF THE COMPANSATORY AFFORESTRATION……6.5
TABLE 6.3 DIVERSION OF LAND FROM FOREST DEPARTMENT ……………………………..6.6
TABLE 6.4 COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING PROGRAMMES……………………… 6.14
TABLE 9.1 PROPOSED MONITORING PROGRAMME FOR AIR AND NOISE QUALITY .......... 9.1
TABLE 9.2 PROPOSED MONITORING PROGRAMME FOR SOIL QUALITY............................. 9.2
TABLE 9.3 COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL CELL.......................................................................... 9.2
TABLE 9.4 ENVIRONMENTAL COST ......................................................................................... 9.3
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1.1 METHODOLOGY FOR EIA STUDY ....................................................................... 1.6

FIGURE 2.1 LOCATION MAP OF ROPEWAY SITE ................................................................... 2.3
FIGURE 2.2 LOCATION MAP OF ROPEWAY SITE…………………………………………………2.4
FIGURE 2.3 PROPOSED ROPEWAY SYSTEM ON TOPOSHEET………………. ...................... 2.5
FIGURE 2.4 LONGITUDINAL SCTION OF ROPEWAY SYSTEM............................................... 2.6
FIGURE 2.5 CONTOUR PLAN OF ROPEWAY ALIGNMENT………………. ............................... 2.7
FIGURE 2.6 CONTOUR PLAN OF LOWER TERMINAL ............................................................. 2.7
FIGURE 2.7 CONTOUR PLAN OF UPPER TERMINAL………………. ....................................... 2.8
FIGURE 2.8 PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING LOCATION OF LTP ................................................. 2.8
FIGURE 2.9 PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING LOCATION OF UTP ................................................ 2.9
FIGURE 2.10 LAYOUT PLAN FOR LOWER TERMINAL .......................................................... 2.10
FIGURE 2.11 LAYOUT PLAN FOR UPPER TERMINAL ........................................................... 2.11
FIGURE 2.12 PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING EXISTING PARKING AT UTP .............................. 2.12
FIGURE 2.13 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION BAR CHART ..................................................... 2.18
FIGURE 4.1 LANDFORMS OF THE PROJECT AREA ............................................................... 4.4
FIGURE 4.2 PYSIOGRAPHY AND DRAINAGE MAP OF KANGRA DISTRICT .......................... 4.4
FIGURE 4.3 GEOLOGICAL MAP OF KANGRA DISTRICT......................................................... 4.5
FIGURE 4.4 LANDUSE MAP OF PROJECT AREA (15 KM)...................................................... 4.9
FIGURE 4.5 SETTELMENT MAP OF PROJECT AREA (15 KM) .............................................. 4.10
FIGURE 4.6 DRAINAGE MAP OF PROJECT AREA ................................................................ 4.11
FIGURE 4.7 SEISMIC ZONING MAP OF INDIA ....................................................................... 4.12
FIGURE 4.8 SEISMIC HAZADUS MAP OF HIMACHAL PRADESH ......................................... 4.12
FIGURE 4.9 MONTHLY WINDROSE DIAGRAMS OF SHIMLA ............................................... 4.21
FIGURE 4.10 LOCATION OF AIR AND NOISE SAMPLES....................................................... 4.23
FIGURE 4.11 FOREST TYPES IN PROJECT AREA ................................................................ 4.27
FIGURE 4.12 FOREST PATCH, WAY TO PROPOSED UPPER TERMI ................................... 4.30
FIGURE 4.13 DHAULADHAR PEAKS, A VIEW FROM PROPOSED UPPER TERMINAL ......... 4.30
FIGURE 4.14 KALIJ PHEASANT FOUND IN STUDY AREA ..................................................... 4.31
FIGURE 4.15 RED JUNGLE FOWL FOUND IN STUDY AREA ................................................ 4.31
FIGURE 4.16 KOKLAS PHESANT FOUND IN STUDY AREA ................................................... 4.32
FIGURE 4.17 MONKEYS OBSERVED AT DHARMASHALA ....................................................... 4.3
FIGURE 5.1 HPIPH NOC LETTER ............................................................................................. 5.4
FIGURE 5.2 IMPACT ON RECEPTOR OF NOISE GENERATED DURING CONSTRUCTION
PHASE ...................................................................................................................... 5.8
FIGURE 6.1 SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL SYSYTEM OF DHARAMSHALA ............................... 6.13
FIGURE 6.2 SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL SITE OF DHARAMSHALA ......................................... 6.13
FIGURE 7.1 RISKASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK....................................................................... 7.2
FIGURE 7.2 THE FIVE STAGES OF RISK ASSESSMENT ......................................................... 7.3
FIGURE 7.3 PROCEDURE FOR A RISK ASSESSMENT ............................................................ 7.6
FIGURE 7.4 RISK ASSESSMENT FLOW CHART FOR LIMITS OF PASSENGER ROPEWAY
ISTALLATION ............................................................................................................ 7.8
FIGURE 7.5 PROBABLEPERCENTAGE CAUSES OF ACCIDENT IN ROPEWAY ..................... 7.9
 LIST OF ANNEXURE
ANNEXURE 1.1 TERMS OF REFERENCE ................................................................................. 1-5
ANNEXURE 1.2 EFFLUENT DISCHARGE STANDARDS (INLAND SURFACE WATER) .......... 1-2
ANNEXURE 1.3 DRINKING WATER QUALITY STANDARDS (IS 10500:2012) ........................ 1-3
ANNEXURE 1.4 NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS ......................................... 1-1
ANNEXURE 1.5 NATIONAL AMBIENT NOISE STANDARDS .................................................... 1-1
ANNEXURE 2.1 LAND DETAILS ................................................................................................. 1-6
ANNEXURE 2.2 NOC from HPSEB ........................................................................................... 1-1
ANNEXURE 4.1 LIST OF COMMON TREES, SHRUBS, HERBS AND CLIMBERS .................. 1-7
ANNEXURE 4.2 LIST OF BIRDS WITH THEIR CHARATERCTICS ........................................... 1-9
ANNEXURE 4.3 I GENERAL ABSTRACT OF ENUMERATION LIST OF GREEN STANDING
TREES IN DHARMASHALA FOREST RANGE FOR THE WORK OF
DHARMASHALA ROPEWAY RIGHT OF WAY (ROW) ................................... 1-2

ANNEXURE 4.3 II GENERAL ABSTRACT OF ENUMERATION LIST OF GREEN STANDING

TREES IN DHARMASHALA FOREST RANGE FOR THE WORK OF
DHARMASHALA LOWER TERMINAL POINT , (LTP) TOWER LOCATION &
UPPER TERMINAL POINT (UTP)................................................................ 3-4

ANNEXURE 4.3 III GENERAL ABSTRACT OF ENUMERATION LIST OF GREEN STANDING

TREES IN DHARMASHALA FOREST RANGE FOR THE WORK OF
DHARMASHALA ROPEWAYS RIGHT OF WAY (ROW)............................ 5-22

ANNEXURE 4.3 IV ENUMERATION LIST OF GREEN STANDING TREES IN

DHARMASHALA FOREST RANGE FOR THE WORK OF DHARMASHALA
ROPEWAYS , LOWER TERMINAL POINT, (LTP) TOWERS LOCATION &
UPPER TERMINAL POINT (UTP)............................................................ 23-34

ANNEXURE 4.4 FOREST RIGHT ACT PUBLIC CONSULTATION ........................................... 1-16

ANNEXURE 6.1 COMPANSATORY AFFORESTATION.............................................................. 1-4

ANNEXURE 6.2 NPV VALUE FOR FOREST............................................................................... 1-2
 NOMENCLATURE
AAQM ....................................................................................... Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
BIS ............................................................................................ Bureau of Indian Standards
BOD ......................................................................................... Biochemical Oxygen Demand
DRL ...................................................................................... Dharamshala Ropeway Limited
CO ........................................................................................................... Carbon Monoxide
COD ............................................................................................. Chemical Oxygen Demand
CPCB ...................................................................................... Central Pollution Control Board
CTE ....................................................................................................... Consent to Establish
dB ........................................................................................................................... Decibel
DC ................................................................................................................. Direct Current
DG ............................................................................................................ Diesel Generator
DPR ...................................................................................................Detailed Project Report
EAC ........................................................................................... Expert Appraisal Committee
EC ............................................................................................... Environmental Clearance
EIA ................................................................................. Environmental Impact Assessment
EMP ................................................................................... Environmental Management Plan
EPA ..........................................................................................Environmental Protection Act
GIS ....................................................................................... Geological Information System
GOI ....................................................................................................... Government of India
GSHAP .................................................................Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program
HC ............................................................................................................... Hydro Carbons
HIRA .................................................................... Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
IRS .................................................................................................. Indian Remote Sensing
IS .............................................................................................................. Indian Standard
ITP ............................................................................................ Intermediate Terminal Point
KLD ............................................................................................................ Kilo Litre per Day
LTP ...................................................................................................... Lower Terminal Point
MoEF&CC ..................................................... Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
NEP ........................................................................................... National Environment Policy
NO ................................................................................................................Nitrogen Oxide
NOC .................................................................................................. No Objection Certificate
O&M ............................................................................................Operation and Maintenance
PHE ...............................................................................................Public Health Engineering
PM ........................................................................................................... Particulate Matter
PPH ....................................................................................................... Passenger Per Hour
ROU .................................................................................................................... Right of Use
ROW ................................................................................................................... Right of Way
SO2 .............................................................................................................. Sulphur Dioxide
SPCB ..........................................................................................State Pollution Control Board
SWM ............................................................................................... Solid Waste Management
TOR ........................................................................................................ Terms of Reference
UTP ...................................................................................................... Upper Terminal Point
 URBAN/ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING
EIA Study for Development of Passenger Ropeway between Dharamshala to Mc Ledoganj, Kangra (Himachal Pradesh)

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

Dharamshala stands at the foot of Dhauladhar and has a magnificent view of snowy peaks,
deodar and pine forests, tea gardens and beautiful hills, The snow line is perhaps more
easily accessible at Dharamshala than any other hill station in India. Dharamshala now really
has become international, with a number of Tibetan settlements and the residence of Noble
Laureate the 'Dalai Lama’ Dharamshala is divided into two distinct parts: lower Dharamshala
comprising the civil and business area with Courts and Kotwali bazar and upper
Dharamshala composed of places like McLeodganj and Forsyth Ganj.

The upper and lower towns with a difference of some 457 metres between them lies against
a background of snow-capped mountains, forests of giant conifers, and carefully cultivated
tea gardens. The mountains enfold three sides of the town and the alley stretches beyond to
the south. Dharamshala’ s altitude varies between 1250 meters and 2000 meters.

The arrival of the Tibetan spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama, along with thousands of refugees
to Dharamshala in 1959 made the life here more active. A number of Tibetan settlements
with religious education and other rehabilitation centres mushroomed all over the
McLeodganj. As Dharamshala became the headquarter of the Tibetan Government in exile,
headed by Dalai Lama, it gained prominence all over the world and prominent personalities
started arriving here. McLeodganj emerged as a major Buddhist centre.

Needs of the Dharamshala – McLeod Ganj Ropeway due to

Ø Road Journey about 9-10 Kms often congested due to traffic jams.
Ø McLeod Ganj, Dharamshala goes under 30-50mm snow layer during winters and roads
connectivity further detoriates
Ø Yearly 40 Lakh tourists visits the Place
Ø Due to traffic congestion, It takes 3-4 hours to reach McLeodganj during peak season

The Department of Tourism & Civil Aviation, Himachal Pradesh for the development of
Tourism in the State of Himachal Pradesh has decided to undertake development and
operation/ maintenance of the Ropeway Project through Public-Private Partnership (the
“PPP”) on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (the “DBFOT”) basis, and through
competitive bidding has decided to carry out the project by Dharamshala Ropeway
Limited(DRL) through Himachal Pradesh Infrastructure Development Board (HPIDB).

RITES Ltd. (A Government of India Enterprise) was appointed by Dharamshala Ropeway

Limited, as consultant, for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study for proposed
Ropeway systems.An EIA study has been taken up as per the approved Terms of Reference
(TOR) issued by Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) of Ministry of Environment, Forest and
Climate Change (MoEF& CC) for Environmental Clearance of the project. The ToR issued
by MoEF& CC for the study is presented in Annexure 1.1.

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY AND TERMS OF REFERENCE

The objective of the study is to facilitate the Dharamshala Ropeway Limited to obtain prior
environmental clearance from the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
(MoEF& CC), Government of India for the proposed ropeway systems. In addition, it also
proposes to establish environmental baseline and safeguard measures for protection of
environment for sustainable development during project cycles. The MoEF& CC,
Government of India, notification of 14th September 2006 and its amendment dated

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1stDecember 2009 enlist Ropeway projects in category ‘A’ as per above notification schedule if
located in ecological sensitive area and elevation is 1000m above msl. All projects or activities
included as category ‘A’ in the schedule shall require prior environmental clearance from
MoEF& CC, Government of India.

In order to follow the procedure of project appraisal the DRL applied for the Terms of
Reference for EIA study in MoEF& CC in prescribed formats. The DRL and RITES, the
consultant made a presentation on the project before3rdExpert Appraisal Committee
(infrastructure -2) held during 23rdFebruary, 2016 at New Delhi. MoEF&CC issued the Terms
of Reference (ToR) for Ropeway project at Dharamshala vide F.No.1 0-1 0/201 6-lA.lll dated
26th March 2016.The ToR for EIA for the project is placed at Annexure 1.1.

1.3 LEGAL POLICY

The need for a well-developed legal mechanism to conserve resources, protect the
environment and ensures the health and well being of the people in India was felt. Keeping
the pace with international laws, the Ministry of Environment and Forest enacted
Environmental Protection Act in 1986. Over the years, the Government of India has framed
several policies and promulgated number of Acts, Rules and Notifications aimed at
management and protection of the environment. During last three decades an extensive
network of environmental legislation has grown and presently it has a fairly complex body of
environmental legislation aimed at ensuring that the development process meets the overall
objective of promoting sustainability in the long run. The available legal Acts and Legislation
referred during the study are:

· The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 (Amendment 1988).
· The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act 1977, (Amendment), 2003.
· The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Rules, 1978, 1991.
· The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981, amended 1987.
· Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 amended 2002, 2006, 2010
and 2013.
· The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, amended 1991.
· The Environment (Protection) Rules,1986 amended upto 1998.
· The Indian Forest Act, 1927.
· Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, amended 1988.
· Forest (Conservation) Rules, 2003 amended 2004 and 2014.
· The Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972, Amendment, 2002
· Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016
· Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Trans boundary Movement) Rules,
2016
· Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016
· EIA Notification 2006, Amendment,2009, 2013
· The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological sites and Remains (Amendment and
Validation Act), 2010
· The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation
and Resettlement Act, 2013
· EIA Guidance Manual for Aerial Ropeway

1.3.1 Environmental Clearance of Development Projects

The setting up of a developmental project in India is through the process of Environmental

Clearance (EC). The Environmental Clearance is mandated by the EIA notification 14th
September 2006 (amended in December 2009 and July, 2013). The proposed ropeway

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project is located at an elevation above 1000m msl. The proposed Ropeway project is in
Category ‘A’, hence needs clearance from MoEF&CC.

The project proponent has entrusted to prepare the Environmental Impact Assessment
Report through RITES Ltd as per ToR issued by MoEF& CC. In order to follow
environmental appraisal procedures, the copy of draft EIA report requires to be submitted to
SPCB, Himachal Pradesh to conduct the public hearing. The final report of EIA shall be
submitted along with a Feasibility/Detailed Project Report to the Expert Appraisal Committee
(EAC) of the Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF& CC), New Delhi to get the
environmental clearance.

1.3.2 Water and Water Pollution

The use of water resources and also the discharge of polluted water are primarily regulated
by the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 amended in 1988. The Water
Cess Act, 1977 amended in 1992 and 2003, including Rules 1978 and 1991 provides for
levy and collection of Cess on water consumed with a view to generate resources for
prevention and control of water pollution. The Act assigns functions and powers to the
Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and SPCBs for prevention and control of water
pollution.

The Environment (Protection) Act 1986 amended in 1991 and Rules also lays down specific
standards for quality of water effluents to be discharged into different type of water bodies
(sewers, surface water bodies like lakes, rivers, marine discharge etc). Additionally, the
water supplied to users for drinking shall also conform to the National Drinking Water
Standard, IS-10500-2012. Annexure 1.2 summarizes the general standards for discharge of
effluent in Inland Surface Water Bodies. To ascertain and categorize the existing water
quality, the results of the analysis of water quality need to be compared with the water
quality standards given in Annexure 1.3.

Off late, with rapid depletion of groundwater resources in several areas of the country, efforts
have been initiated to regulate the use of groundwater resources. The focus of such acts
and rules is to provide the mechanisms that would lead to replenishment of groundwater
reserves through techniques like rain water harvesting. The Central Ground Water Board,
the statutory authority set up by the Central government has also restricted the drilling of
tube wells and bore wells in certain water scarce areas in the country.

1.3.3 Air Quality

The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and amended in 1987 including
Rules 1982 and 1983 was enacted to prevent, control and reduce air pollution. According to
Section 21 of the Act, no person shall establish or operate any activity, which can cause air
pollution without obtaining Consent to Establish (CTE) as per the Air Act. The Act also lays
down national ambient air quality standards for pollutants like PM10, PM2.5,Sulphur dioxide,
Oxides of Nitrogen, Carbon monoxide, Lead, Ozone, Ammonia, Benzene and Benzopyrene
with the intent of managing air quality for different categories of areas (residential, industrial
and sensitive).
Ambient Air Quality Standards have been notified by the CPCB vide Gazette Notification
dated 16th November 2009, refer Annexure 1.4.

1.3.4 Noise Quality

With the objective of regulating ambient noise level in the environment, the Central
Government has notified the Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 amended
in 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2013 under the EPA. The noise standards for different category of

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areas are based on the weighted equivalent noise level (Leq). The EPR also lays down
equipment noise standards for DG sets, Air conditioners and Construction Equipment, which
would be in use for the project. Ambient Noise level standards have been notified by the
MoEF&CC vide Gazette Notification dated 4 February, 2000. It is based on the ‘A’ weighted
equivalent noise level (Leq). These are presented in Annexure 1.5.

1.3.5 Solid Waste Management

Project construction and operation generates solid waste at site. The DRL would be
responsible for collection and handling of solid waste as per the provisions of the Solid
Waste Management Rules, 2016. Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Trans
boundary Movement) Rules, 2016require facilities to classify wastes into categories, manage
them as per the prescribed guidelines and obtain prior authorization from the SPCB for
handling, treatment, storage and disposal of Hazardous Wastes. Construction and
demolition wastes will be handled for disposal as per Construction and Demolition Waste
Management Rules, 2016.

1.4 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF& CC) is the nodal agency in the
administrative structure of the Central Government for planning, promotions, co-ordination
and overseeing the implementation of India’s environmental and forestry policies and
programs. The major responsibilities of (MoEF& CC) include:

· Environmental resource conservation and protection, including environmental impact

assessment of developmental projects;
· Co-ordination with the other ministries and agencies, voluntary organizations and
professional bodies on environmental action plans;
· Promotion of research and development, manpower planning and training and
creation of environmental awareness;
· Liaison and co-ordination with international agencies involved in environmental
matters.

Developmental project proponents are also required to submit Environmental Impact

Statements/Assessments to establish that adequate measures are planned for pollution
control and environmental protection, and that effluent discharged into the environment will
not exceed permissible levels. The project developer appraises these statements/
assessments to EAC for approval of the project from the environmental angles.

1.4.1 Central and State Pollution Control Boards

The Central Pollution Control Board is responsible for pollution control throughout the
country. In addition to the control of air, noise and water pollution, they are also responsible
for to ensure effective control on disposal of hazardous wastes and storage and handling of
hazardous chemicals and substances. With the enactment of air and water pollution laws,
States have set-up their own Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) to monitor industrial
emissions and effluents and to approve the operation of new industries after careful scrutiny.
The functions of the SPCBs include:
• The planning of comprehensive state programs for the prevention and control of air and
water pollution and to ensure the implementation thereof;
• Inspection of pollution control equipment/ plants for monitoring of their efficiency

The SPCB in consultation with the Central Pollution Control Board may establish norms for
air quality, gaseous emission and noise etc.

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1.5 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY

The Environmental Impact Assessment study is carried out following the sequence of steps
for EIA study. The basic concept is to ascertain the existing baseline conditions and assess
the impacts as a result of construction and operation of the project. The changes likely to
occur in different components of the environment viz. physical, biological/ecological,
environmental and socio-economic etc. have been studied, analyzed and quantified,
wherever possible. The identification of parameters for data generation and impact
assessment are important. The accurate analysis of assessment depends upon the reliable
data generated/available on environmental attributes. RITES has documented the baseline
data for various parameters of physical (physiographic and soils), ecological (forestry and
wildlife), and ambient environment (air, water, noise, and solid waste). The impacts are
assessed for various phases of project cycle namely:

· Impacts due to project location,

· Impacts due to project construction, and
· Impacts due to project operation.

The impacts are categorized as negative, positive or no impacts. The cost of management
and monitoring programs are estimated on the basis of mitigation measures suggested for
negative impacts and environmental monitoring programme during project construction and
operation. The approach and methodology adopted for the study is presented in Figure1.1.

To prepare this report, literature review, consultation with various departments, ground truth
and sampling missions are undertaken and laboratory analysis were carried out. The
standard methodology for the data collection, impact assessment and formulation of
management plans is adopted. The approved Terms of Reference are kept in mind during
the study. The consultant collected and compiled the environmental baseline data for
environmental attributes from primary and secondary sources. The primary sources include
site visits, visual inspection, field studies, monitoring and analysis. The secondary sources
include the books, reports, maps and documents from various government and non-
government organizations where applicable, more detailed information on methods used is
included in the concerned paragraph in the main body of the report.

1.5.1 Data Collection

The existing land-use pattern of the area has been identified mainly as settlements, roads
and water body etc. The Soil parameters are studied from the field surveys and secondary
data. Water Resources in the project area are considered in terms of precipitation, quantity
and quality of water. Air and Noise quality is an important consideration during construction
and operation phases. Ambient air quality and noise levels are monitored around project
area to develop present baseline levels. Terrestrial Ecology is studied documenting the
vegetation types through the visual inspection, past research and field investigations.

1.5.2 Environmental Impact Assessment

The objective of the study is to assess the impacts as a result of construction and operation
of the proposed ropeway project. The changes likely to occur in different components of the
environment are studied and analyzed. The core area of study is 10 km from project site.
Based on project particulars and the existing environmental conditions, potential impacts are
identified that are expected to be occurring as a result of the proposed project and wherever
possible, these impacts are quantified. Both positive and negative impacts are evaluated to
have an idea about resultant impacts. These impacts are assessed for various phases of
project cycle namely, location, construction and operation.

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FIGURE 1.1
METHODOLOGY FOR THE EIA STUDY
Desk Research, Acts, Legislation, Review of Previous Report,
Reconnaissance, Discussion and Presentation

Scoping / Identification of Field visit

Parameters

Archeological Ecological Environmental Physical Socio-

Environment
v Archeologic v Flora v Air v Topography v Social Status
al v Fauna v Water v Land use v Infrastructur
v Historical v Tree / v Noise pattern e facilities
v Heritage Forest v Soil v Drainage/
v Solid waste hydrology

Compile Environmental Baseline Data Field Studies

Analysis of Environmental
Baseline Data

Screening of Environmental Impacts

Potential Environmental and Social Impact

Assessment No impact
Management
Viability of

Preparation of Environmental
Management Plan

Environmental Monitoring Programs,

Conclusion and Recommendations

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The standard methodology is adopted for impact prediction and assessment. Prediction is
essentially a process to forecast the future environmental conditions in the project area that
might be expected to occur. The predictions of impacts are made through mathematical
modeling, overlays/ super imposition of activity, or comparison of impacts observed. The
environmental impacts of the project include changes in land use, soil erosion, water quality,
air quality and noise levels etc. The impact on soils due to disposal of waste water and
erosion during storms are predicted. The impact on water quality in the ground water is
evaluated with the help of water quality analysis.

1.5.3 Environmental Management Plan

The management plans are essential to ensure that stress/ loads on the systems are within
carrying capacity. The management plan aims at maintaining the environmental quality of
project area at-least in pre-project stage. Environmental management strategy/plans are
developed to mitigate the adverse impacts. Efforts are made to enhance the quality of
environmental attributes.

1.5.4 Environmental Monitoring

It is necessary to monitor environmental attributes during various phases of project cycles.

Monitoring would indicate any environmental problem, which come up due to ongoing
activities. This will facilitate to assess the effectiveness of management / mitigation
measures. The consultant has also designed a post project environmental monitoring
program for implementation. The cost estimates for environmental monitoring and
management have been included in the project estimates.

1.6 FORMAT OF THE EIA REPORT

Chapter 1 provides a general introduction along with the objectives and Terms of Reference
and an outline on the approach and methodology adopted for the EIA study. The legal/
policy frameworks along with environmental standards are also summarized in this chapter.
In Chapter-2, a concise documentation is given on the proposed project activities and
facilities including site selection, project features and cost estimates. Analysis of various
alternatives for proposed ropeway has been discussed in Chapter-3. Chapter-4
summarizes environmental baseline data on physical and ecological parameters as collected
prior to the commencement of the project. Chapter-5 highlights anticipated potential positive
and adverse environmental impacts with mitigation measures of the project. Environmental
Management Plan has been outlined in Chapter-6. Risk Assessment and Disaster
Management Plan have been summarizes in Chapter 7 and Chapter 8 respectively.
Environmental monitoring programme and cost are elucidated in Chapter-9. Summary and
Conclusion of the EIA study conducted has been presented in Chapter 10. Disclosure of
consultant engaged is given in Chapter 11.

*****

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CHAPTER 2
PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 PROJECT LOCATION

The proposed project site is located at the Dharamshala in Kangra District of Himachal
Pradesh. The Project site is well connected by Air, Rail and Road.
Airway: Nearest airport is the Gagal (Kangra) Airport (DHA) at Gagal about 13 km away. It
handles domestic flights. Taxi service of both AC and non AC cabs are available in addition
to the regular Bus Transport services.

Railway: Dharamshala can be approached by from Delhi to Pathankot which is the nearest
broad gauge railway station is 85 km away and the toy train station is 17 km at Kangra.

Roadways: Dharamshala is about three hours from Pathankot or you can drive from Delhi
(526 km) via Chandigarh, Kiratpur and Una and takes 12 hours. From Delhi and Shimla
luxury buses ply to Dharamshala. HPTDC operates a regular Luxury coach from Delhi to
Dharamshala.The location of the project area is shown in Figure 2.1 and Figure 2.2. The
Latitude and Longitude of the Lower Terminal and Upper Terminal are given in Table 2.1.

TABLE 2.1
LOCATION OF ROPEWAY
Terminal Northing Easting
LTP 32°13'11.15"N 76 o 19’ 15.41” E
UTP 32°14'0.24"N 76°19'0.72"E

The project envisages construction of buildings at two ends namely Lower Terminal Point
(LTP) and Upper Terminal Point (UTP) of Ropeway Systems for boarding/de-boarding of
passengers and other infrastructures i.e. ticket counters, waiting area, toilet facilities, medical
emergency room etc. The selection of alignment and facilities for Ropeway systems are
described in the subsequent paragraph.

2.2 SELECTION OF ALIGNMENT

The project is identified by Himachal Pradesh Infrastructure Development Board &

Department of Tourism & Civil Aviation, Himachal Pradesh; alternative analysis done is
given in Chapter 3.

2.3 ROPEWAY SYSTEM

As per RFP document of Himachal Pradesh Infrastructure Development Board &

Department of Tourism & Civil Aviation, Himachal Pradesh Monocable detachable Gondola
(Cabin) System ropeway transport system has to be installed between Dharamshala and
McLeodganj having 600 PPH Per Direction. The salient features of Ropeway system is given
in the Table 2.2. The alignment of proposed Ropeway system on Toposheet is given in
Figure 2.3 and longitudinal section of the alignment is given in Figure 2.4.. The Contour
Plan of Ropeway Alignment is shown at Figure 2.5. The Contour Plan of Lower Terminal
and Upper Terminal of Ropeway are shown at Figure 2.6 and Figure 2.7. The Photographs
Showing the locations of Lower Terminal Point (LTP) and Upper Terminal Point (UTP) are
given at Figure 2.8 and 2.9 respectively. The Layout Plan of Lower terminal and Upper
Terminal are shown at Figure 2.10 and 2.11 respectively. The land required for the
development of Ropeway System is 2.2438 ha. The purpose wise breakups of the total land
required are given in Table 2.3. The land detail is given in Annexure 2.1.The parking area at

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lower terminal is 2500 m2 which is sufficient for 80number of cars and 10 number of buses.
The parking area at upper terminal is 2000 m2 which is sufficient for 55 number of cars and
10 number of buses. In addition to that about 30m distance from upper terminal 02 number
of parking exist with capacity of 150 cars and 20 cars. The photograph is shown in Figure
2.12.
TABLE 2.2
SALIENT FEATURES OF ROPEWAY SYSTEM
S.No. ITEM Parameters
1 System Mono-cable Detachable Gondola
2 Capacity(Designed), PPHPD Minimum 600 @ max speed
(Passengers per hour per direction)
3 Line speed, m/sec 3 to 5
4 Horizontal distance between stations, m 1750m
5 Vertical rise, m 335 m
6 Line gauge, m 45
7 Capacity of cabin, persons 6–8
8 Cabin Spacing, m 65 m
9 Total no of cabins (minimum), in no. 18 to 24
10. Travel time one way, min 540 sec (9 minutes)
11 Type of cabin Fully enclosed cabin with ventilation.
Door operation –Automatic
12 Hauling rope 45mm6x19(s)
1770N/mm2 poly propylenecore, MBL-
95.51MT
13 Main drive motor, KW 346 AC variable speed 0-1500rpm
14 Boarding/Deboarding In motion. Speed should not be more
than 0.3 m/sec. Cabin should be guided.
15 Handling of cabin in station Cabin conveyor system
16 Tensioning system Hydraulic
17 Auxiliary drive (diesel engine) KW 25
emergency, HP
18 Line speed with emergency engine, 0.5 to 1.0(Max)
m/sec
19 Line Rescue System At least two systems of
redundancy
20 D.G. set at Lower station in KVA for drive 600
unit 346 KW and others 100 KW
21 Stand by D.G. set at Upper station in 125
KVA forslow drive unit(rescue) 40 KW
and others 50 KW
22 Ambient temp (+) 24° C max and 0° C
min.
23 Relevant standard CEN & IS Code,
Himachal Ropeway Act
24 Location of Tension gears Upper Terminal near HH The Dalai
Lama Temple Mcleodganj
25 Location of Drive gears Lower Station near Bus Stand
Dharmshala
26 Number of towers 13
27 Area Requirement Total Area : 22,438 m2
Area for LTP, UTP and Towers : 5718 m2,
ROW : 16720 m2,

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FIGURE 2.1
LOCATION MAP OF ROPEWAY SITE

Dharamshala

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FIGURE 2.2
LOCATION MAP OF ROPEWAY SITE

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TABLE 2.3
PURPOSE WISE BREACKUP OF THE TOTAL LAND REQUIRED FOR THE
CONSTRUCTION OF DHARMASHALA ROPEWAYS LIMITED
Sr No Component Area In Forest Area In Area In Total Area
/Description Land Govt Land Private (In Ha.)
(In Ha.) (In Ha.) Land
(In Ha.)
1. Upper Terminal 0.1950 0.00 0.00 0.1950
2. 13 Tower 0.0432 0.0036 0.00 0.0468
Structures
3. Lower Terminal 0.3300 0.00 0.00 0.3300
Sub Total 0.5682 0.0036 0.00 0.5718
4. Right Of Way 1.1276 0.1917 0.3528 1.6720
TOTAL AREA (In Ha.) 1.6958 0.1953 0.3528 2.2438

FIGURE 2.3
PROPOSED ROPEWAY SYSTEM ON TOPOSHEET

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FIGURE 2.4
LONGITUDINAL SCTION OF ROPEWAY SYSTEM

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FIGURE 2.5
CONTOUR PLAN OF ROPEWAY ALIGNMENT

FIGURE 2.6
CONTOUR PLAN OF LOWER TERMINAL

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FIGURE 2.7
CONTOUR PLAN OF UPPER TERMINAL

FIGURE 2.8
PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING LOCATION OF LTP

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FIGURE 2.9
PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING LOCATION OF UTP

2.3.1 Construction/Fabrication of Structures (towers),

Tubular steel Trestles, supporting ropes on cast or fabricated sheaves mounted on a

pedestal to allow oscillation along the ropeway direction. Adequate number of line sheave
with neoprene liner in the line is proposed to be provided. Cathead is provided at the trestle
to allow for the lifting of the haul ropes with suitable tackle for saddle removal or rope
erection.

2.3.2 Control System

The ropeway shall operate at variable speed by means of AC electrical motor and the
chopper control /VVVF drive system. The chopper control /VVVF drive system should be
maintained at 0.85 pf at different load condition by providing power factor correction
system. The DC/AC motors shall be of continuous rating SPDP construction.

The drive shall have the capacity to handle most unfavorable design load condition
including the starting of a fully loaded cabin. The system shall be started at its lowest point
of speed range after any type of stop.
Visual display unit (HMI) system indicating the faults and procedure for detection of faults
shall be provided. There will be smooth controlled start and stop of the ropeway. Different
sensors, safety devices feedback element and annunciation will be provided.

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FIGURE 2.10
LAYOUT PLAN FOR LOWER TERMINAL

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FIGURE 2.11
LAYOUT PLAN FOR UPPER TERMINAL

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FIGURE 2.12
PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING EXISTING PARKING AT UTP

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Necessary safety devices and emergency stop push button stations to make the system
complete safe. The safety will not be only ensured at Lower stations but will also be
ensured at Upper stations and Line. The main drive motors will be tripped automatically
and safely in case of any safety fault occurred at Line or at stations.
Control relays and interlocks should be provided for rescue engine, emergency motor and
brake operation.
AC/DC drive should be provided with forward reverse operation, speed variation (auto and
manual) and inching facilities.
All the stations and line safety devices will also be operative during running the ropeway
with diesel engine. Incase of rescue drive by diesel engine, there will be a provision of
alarm bell with a battery backup at drive station and will be operative on energization of any
safety device of stations / line. Battery backup should also be provided for opening of
service and emergency brakes.
Control desk with visual display unit showing the location of faults and procedure for
rectification of faults shall be provided.
The main drive motors will be tripped automatically and safely in case of any safety fault
occurred at line or at stations. The effect of regeneration should also be taken into account.
There will be necessary safety devices and emergency stop push button stations to make
the system complete safe. The safety will be ensured at both stations. The main drive
motors will be tripped automatically and safely
a. Incase of any safety fault occurred at Line and stations.
b. Incase there is variation of desired speed ratio between motor shaft, drive
sheave or deflection sheaves at station.

HMI should display the following items

Ø Terminal status
Ø Motor current
Ø Rope speed
Ø Wind speed
Ø Display of all sensors
Ø Tensioning system
Ø Cadencing system
Ø Parking track
Ø Fault history
Ø Daily operation report

2.3.3 Communication

An efficient communication system is absolutely essential for the success of any disaster
management plan. This has to be worked out in consultation with local authorities. More
often, the entire communication system gets disrupted when a disaster occurs. The damage
areas need to be clearly identified and provided with temporary and full proof communication
system.

Ø Communication system should be available at all the terminal stations and should
be interlinked.

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Ø Multi core communication cable/OFC is required to be provided between the station

Ø The wireless system will be provided to communicate while maintenance / rescue
operation on line and for other reasons, when communication through telephone
system will not be possible.

2.3.4 Power Requirement and Supply

The total power requirement for the motor and lighting load for the ropeway has to assessed.
The power supply made available by HPSEB is usually at 415V + 10% with frequency of 50
cycles + 3%. Power line/ substation required for power availability at the ropeway terminals
could be laid with from nearby HPSEB substation which is 50 m away from lower terminal.
The cost of the installation of the power line/ substation is to borne by the concessionaire.
Necessary step down transformer shall be provided to supply LT power for ropeway
electrical equipment and lighting.

Normally the ropeway system shall work on power supply arranged by HPSEB, but in case
regular power supply fails, the system shall operate on standby Diesel Generator (DG)
power supply. The DG set shall be of continuous rating. It shall be capable for full capacity
load requirement of the passenger ropeway system and related buildings and shall be
suitable to operate on required load. The DG power system shall be noise-free and air
pollution free as per code of Practices. The power requirement is given at Table 2.4. A NOC
letter from HPSEB is given in Annexure 2.2.

TABLE 2.4
POWER REQUIREMENT
Description LTP UTP Total (KW)

Ropeway Drive unit:346 KW 40 KW 386

Other:100 KW 50 KW 150
Total 446 90 536

Standby Power Supply: It is considered that the ropeway system will be operational for a
maximum period. Hence, Standby power supply arrangement using DG set has been
proposed so that it can take care of the system in case of power failure. DG sets having
capacity of 600 KVA is proposed to be installed at the Drive and 125 KVA at return stations
respectively for running the system. DG set shall supply 415 V, 3 phases, 50 cycle electrical
supply.

2.3.5 Operation and Maintenance of Ropeway System

Operation & Maintenance of the ropeway system shall be carried out in accordance with the
recommendation of manufacturer of the equipment such as Motors, Coupling, Control
Panels, Carriage, Hangers, Cabins & Haulage ropes etc. However, ropeway systems
manufacturer / supplier shall provide the manual book for carrying out the Operation &
Maintenance.

Operation cycle of the Detachable system is as described in following paragraphs.

Ø The Lower Terminal Point (LTP) will be located on the Dharamshala and the Upper
Terminal Point (UTP) will be located at McLeodganj.

Ø The ropeway stations i.e. LTP and UTP are connected by an endless haulage rope
through Drive/Return sheaves followed by different rocker sheaves placed on

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trestles. The trestles will be placed at a distance of roughly 100-150 m along the
entire ropeway length.

Ø Each Gondola will be Automatically fixed to the rope at a predetermined equal

spacing along the entire ropeway length.

Ø The haulage rope along with different gondolas move continuously in

clockwise/anticlockwise direction in a specified speed.

Ø On approaching a particular station i.e. either LTP or UTP the gondola with the help
of a detachment arrangement got detached from the rope and moves on the station
rail in the shape of “ U ” rail.

Ø With the help of a de-acceleration arrangement the gondolas speed getting reduced
on the “U” rail.

Ø When the speed of the gondolas reduced to designated speed, de-boarding and
subsequent boarding of passengers takes place.

Ø Once de-boarding/boarding activity is over, gondola’s speed is increased with the

help of accelerating arrangement.

Ø When the gondola’s speed becomes equal to that of rope speed, an attachment
process starts working which puts the gondolas back into the rope.

This is the way a gondola will travel from LPT to UTP and vice-versa.

2.4 MANPOWER REQUIREMENT

The construction phase of the project is spread over a period of 18 months. During this
period various categories of skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled manpower would be deployed
for the project. About 100 persons would be working on the project during peak construction
period. This would create good opportunities of direct employment for the local people.

The manpower requirement would be for the purpose of supervision, basic preventive
maintenance and breakdown maintenance, accounting and security work. The post
construction phase would also create job opportunities for 60 persons.

In addition, indirect employment opportunities would be created in the support service

sector.

2.5 CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENT/MACHINERY

The construction materials to be used for construction of Ropeway are Aggregates, Cement,
Sand, Reinforcement Steel, Structural Steel, Hauling Rope etc. The quantity and sources of
construction material are given below are depicted in Table 2.5 and to implement the
construction works equipment and machinery is required during construction which are given
in Table 2.6 with tentative specifications required for the study.

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TABLE 2.5
MAJOR CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL
Sr. No. Material Quantity Sources Mode of
Transportation
1 Structural Steel 100 MT Imported By Sea and Road

2 Reinforcement Steel 300 MT Local Purchase By road

3 Sand 4500 cum Local River By road

4 Aggregates 3500 cum Local Crushers By road

5 Cement 50000 bags Local Purchase By road

6 Hauling Rope 4000 mtrs Imported By Sea and Road

TABLE 2.6
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT AND MACHINERY
Sl Capacity Fuel Make Mode of
Equipment/ Noise Level
No. Consumption operation at
Machinery at 1 m(dBA)
, Litres/hour site
1 Mini 3.5 HP 75 1.0 Safari/Uni Electricity
Concrete versal
mixer
2 Portable 1.5 HP 75 0.5 Safari Electricity
Concrete /Allen
Vibrator
3 Mobile JK 2 HP 75 0.65 Safari/Uni Electricity
Mini Crane versal

4 Genset(1 7.5 KVA 75 1.2 Kirlosker/ Diesel

Nos) Sudhir/Ma
hindra
5 Truck, 100 75 20 Tata /MAN Diesel
KVA/125
HP
6 Drilling 800 Watt 75 - BOSCH or Electricity
Machine equivalent
Note :1. Electricity at lower terminal and upper terminal is available; hence equipment and machinery will be operated through
electricity or DG Set if required.

2.6 SOIL INVESTIGATION

Soil investigation was conducted at for which properties of soil strata are given in Table
2.7.On the basis of soil investigation, the trestles and buildings are designed. Detailed
investigations will be undertaken prior to construction.

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TABLE 2.7
SOIL INVESTIGATION
Sl No Depth (m) Soil Classification Description
1 NSL to 2.5 ML Soil of low plasticity + Bajra
2 2.5 to 4.5 SM - SP Compact soil +Bajri/ Gravel
Un graded Sand +
3 4.5 to 6.25 SP
Bajri/Gravel/Boulder
4 6.25 to 10 Boulders/Gravel strata

2.7 CONSTRUCTION METHOD

Construction of ropeway includes civil, mechanical and electrical works at the location of
lower and upper terminals and intermediate tower locations. The right of way for the ropeway
corridor is 10 m width. Construction activity involves transport of material and their
erectioning and commissioning. The construction activity including of design and detailed
investigation is spread over18 months.

Transport: Manual labour and mechanical system will be used to transport the construction
material. The ropeway is accessible at lower, upper and two intermediate points by road.
Materials will be transported to these four locations by road. Beyond these four points,
materials will be transported by mechanical system called as winch system or by manual
labour. The labour will use the temporary footpath constructed within right of way (ROW) of
ropeway. The Trestle Towers which have been proposed will be assembled at the work site
with the help of the pre-fabricated components which will be small in size and can easily be
transported and erected manually.

Storage: Construction material will be stored at lower terminal& upper terminaland will be
transported to tower locations as per their requirement. No storage at tower locations are
anticipated.

Cutting and Filling: Due to mountainous terrain, cutting and filling activity will occur to level
the ground for the construction of terminal stations and towers.

Sanitation Facilities: There is no proposal of labour camps at tower locations, however,

mobile toilet or temporary dry pit will be used at the construction site as per the site condition
to protect the environment.

Construction Machinery: Portable type concrete mixer and vibrator will be used for small
civil construction works of ropeways at tower locations and terminal stations. There are 13
towers proposed having reinforced concrete works of about 35-45 cum and erectioning of
towers with height varying from 10-15 m in height. Mini concrete mixer and portable concrete
vibrator will be used for concreting.

2.8 CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE

The time for completion of the project is expected to be 18 months from the date of 'go
ahead' signal given to the agency nominated for carrying out this work.

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FIGURE 2.13
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION BAR CHART
SL
IMPORTANT ACTIVITES OF THE MONTH
NO.
PROJECT 0-2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Alignment Survey & Soil
1 Investigation
2 Detailed Design & Engineering
3 Procurement
4 Construction
Lower Terminal
Construction of Trestle
Upper Terminal
5 Fabrication
6 Erection and Commissioning
7 Testing and Communication

2.9 CONSTRUCTION PERIOD

Estimated completion time of the project has been worked out to 18 months.

2.10 PROJECT COST

The estimated cost for proposed ropeway project at Dharmshala is about Rs.144.9 Crore.
Total Annual O & M cost is about Rs 392.80 lakhs.

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 URBAN/ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING
EIA Study for Development of Passenger Ropeway between Dharamshala to Mc Ledoganj, Kangra (Himachal Pradesh)

CHAPTER 3
ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

3.1 BACKGROUND

Alternate sites are considered to minimize the use of forest land for the construction of
Dharamshala-Mcleodganj ropeway project at Dharamshala in Kangra district of Himachal
Pradesh. Methodology to be adopted for selection of most favorable alignment is discussed
and following guidelines have been considered:

v Establishment of at least three alignments on the forest land of Dharamshala and

Mcleodganj.
v Reconnaissance of each alternative alignment to ascertain actual condition of land
and contours.
v Discussion on the proposed alternative alignments with officers of Tourism and other
Departments to record their views.
v Comparison and evaluation of alternatives in the light of various considered views of
the civil authorities, local administration and requirement/utility of proposed ropeway
system.
v Freezing of best-suited alignment.
v Geo technical investigation of the finally chosen alignment.
v Environmental impact analysis of the vicinity due to installation of the Ropeway
system.

The analysis of alternatives has been presented in the following sections.

3.2 SITE ALTERNATIVE

On completion of reconnaissance of alternative routes, three possible alignments have been

marked on topographical survey of India maps made available by the Tourism department
for the purpose of evaluation by comparison. Following observations are made:

v All the alignments are passing through forest area.

v Cutting of tress involved in all the alignments.
v Soil/ rocks conditions are identical in nature, for all the alignments.

In order to finalize the Ropeway alignment and terminal area following points have been kept
in mind:

v Requirement for conducting regular maintenance and provision for passenger

v Evacuation system from line.
v Type of system i.e. Mono cable/Bi cable/Pulsated etc. suitable to the land profile.
v System suitable to fly over vegetations and other natural barriers in a long span that
minimizes the environmental impact, if any.
v Over flying height restriction.
v Geographical features of the hill and availability of land.
v Available flat land to set up Ropeway stations and other infrastructure required for
passenger handling.

The objective to set up Ropeway systems is to provide the facility of material transport and
for transport of passengers in hilly, mountainous and remote areas. Application of ropeways
in transportation is a cost effective, pollution free and environment friendly solution especially
for townships located around hilly terrain.

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Main advantages of application of ropeways in transportation are:

· Most Energy Efficient

· Low Land Requirement
· High Credibility
· Low Power Requirements
· Pollution Free

3.2.1 Alternative - I

The proposed project is situated at Dharamshala near bus stand. The area proposed for
diversion is 1-69-58 Hectare of forest land. The proposed project needs 439 number of trees
to be cut. Alternative I is shown in Figure 3.1.

Feature considered:

· Alignment of the proposed project is barren land is suitable for the construction of
ropeway.
· Forest land involved to the tune of 1-69-48 hectare.
· No disturbance to the stable slope & green cover.
· Limited number to trees to be cut off.
· 439 trees involved for the construction of project.

FIGURE 3.1- ALTERNATIVES- I

Forest Area Involved-1.6958 hectare Felling of Trees-439

Analysis of Alternative Page 3.2
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EIA Study for Development of Passenger Ropeway between Dharamshala to Mc Ledoganj, Kangra (Himachal Pradesh)

3.2.2 Alternative - II

The alternative involves construction of ropeway from Kalapull in Dharamshala of district

Kangra. The area proposed for diversion is 01-74-60 hactare of forest land. The proposed
alternative involves cutting of 665 number of trees. Alternative II is shown in Figure 3.2.

Feature considered:

· Forest land involved to the tune of 01-74-60 hectare.

· The construction of the ropeway in this alignment needs more number of towers and
cutting of slopes and will add to the cost of the project.
· A lots of trees i.e. 665 trees to be cut resulting into decreasing forest covers in this
area.

FIGURE 3.2- ALTERNATIVES- II

Forest Area Involved-1.7640 Hectare Felling of Trees-665

3.2.3 Alternative - III

The alternative involves construction of ropeway from bypass road (Dharamshala to,
Mcleodganj) located Dharamshala tehsil of Kangra district. The area proposed for diversion
is 01-90-70 hectare of forest land. The proposed alternative involves cutting of 598 number
of trees. Alternative III is shown in Figure 3.3.

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EIA Study for Development of Passenger Ropeway between Dharamshala to Mc Ledoganj, Kangra (Himachal Pradesh)

Feature considered:

· Forest land involved to the tune of is 01-90-70 hectare.

· The area has loose strata so the construction of workshop in this area which is
vulnerable to landslides.
· Total area involved is more which leads to cutting of more trees i.e. 598 trees ,
diversion of more forest land.

FIGURE 3.3- ALTERNATIVES- III

Forest Area Involved-1.9070 Hectare Felling of Trees-598

3.2.4 Selection of best options

Keeping in view all the above three alternative, the alternative-I, which is more suitable and
environmental friendly, has been finally adopted.

3.3 TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVES

The different types of ropeway system for transportation of passengers are primarily
categorized as under:

v Monocable Ropeway Systems

v Bicable Ropeway Systems
Analysis of Alternative Page 3.4
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EIA Study for Development of Passenger Ropeway between Dharamshala to Mc Ledoganj, Kangra (Himachal Pradesh)

3.3.1 Monocable Ropeway Systems

A monocable ropeway system comprises basically an endless rope which acts both as the
carrying as well as the haulage rope to which a number of carriages are attached at regular
intervals. The carriages circulate around the close system by continuous carrying-cum-
haulage rope. The monocable ropeway system can be categorized as below:

v Fixed griptype, the carriages are fixed to the haulage/carrying rope and do not
disengage during boarding/de-boarding operation.

v Detachable griptype, the carriages are automatically detached from the main
haulage/carrying rope and are transported on the rails at the stations for boarding/de-
boarding of passengers.

v Jig back type; This system has a single carrying-cum-haulage rope to which one or
a group of cabins are attached in either direction on diametrically opposite sides.

v Pulsed type; When a cluster of gondolas are placed together and the system
requires an intermediate stoppage a pulsated system is used which follows the same
as fixed grip arrangement coupled with characteristics of a Jig Back system.
Moreover intermittent stoppage allows having intermediate terminal/s as well more
number of traffic can be handled.

3.3.2 Bi-cable Ropeway Systems

This ropeway system basically consists of single/two stationary carrying track ropes and an
endless haulage rope. The track ropes are usually terminated at the terminals with one end
provided with a tension unit and the other being anchored. In this ropeway, the carriage is
moving on the track rope and the haulage rope does the hauling. Therefore track rope acts
as a stationery member and the main load being on track rope instead of single rope acted
as carrying and hauling like a Mono cable ropeways. Bicable ropeway consists of the
following types:

v Detachable system
v Jig Back

3.3.3 System Selection

From the analysis of the terrain (ropeway length is 1750 m) and also the system capacities
being recommended i.e. 600 Persons per Hour (PPH) per direction, the following
considerations have been made:

A. Fixed Grip Gondola system is ruled out because of the following reasons:

a. Boarding/de-boarding needs to be carried out when the system is on. This

would lead to serious problem particularly in the case of elderly persons and
children

b. Being Fixed Grip system, the ropeway speed will be less. Therefore
considering the length of the ropeway and the recommended capacity, a
large number of cabins need to be installed.

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B. Jig Back system is ruled out because of the following reasons:

a. Capacity is high for such a system considering the length of the ropeway.

C. Fixed Grip Pulsed Gondola system is ruled out because of the following
reasons:
a. Pulsed Gondola system would invite multiple intermittent stoppages at line.
b. Does not match with capacity requirement
D. Detachable Grip Gondola system is felt in order because of the following
reasons:

a. No problem during boarding/de-boarding, because this activities need to be

carried out when the system speed comes down to almost nil at the station.
b. Capacity could be met with a reasonable system speed of 5 m/sec.
c. Cabin/Gondola capacity of 8 passengers would serve the purpose.
d. The system would be flexible. Depending on the requirement, its capacity
could be increased or decreased by either changing the number of cabins
or design speed
e. By providing special rescue arrangement, the system can be made
monocable. This would lead to a less expensive system.

Based on the above alternative analysis for alignments and technology, it is proposed that
Monocable Detachable Gondola system is feasible.

*****

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 URBAN/ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING
EIA Study for Passenger Ropeway between Dharamshala to Mc Ledoganj of Himachal Pradesh

CHAPTER 4
ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE DATA

4.1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING

This chapter deals with the description of existing environmental setting of the project area.
The project study area is 10 km radius from centre point of proposed Ropeway.
Environmental baseline data include the physical, biological and socio-economic data. The
field data collection was carried out in the months of May-2016. A scoping matrix was
formulated to identify the attributes likely to be affected due to the development of proposed
project. The scoping matrix for the project is presented inTable 4.1. Based on environmental
scoping matrix and project settings the attributes likely to be affected are identified under
baseline data generation. Information presented in this chapter is collected from various
primary as well as secondary sources. Land use data is compiled from Geological
Information System (GIS); data on physiography and geology are collected from various
reports/publications. RITES has carried out field studies to generate primary data on soil,
water, air and noise quality at the project site Regional Meteorological Office, Shimla.
Additional data, wherever necessary, is collected from various reports, literatures, books and
maps, and through discussions with various stakeholders.

Field study is carried out for generationg the environmental baseline data existing wthin 10
km radius of study area for

· Land Environment (Physiography, Geology, Seismicity and Soils)

· Water Environment (Water Resources, Water Use, Water Quality)
· Air Environment (Meteorology and Air Quality)
· Noise Environment (Noise Levels)
· Ecological Environment (Flora and Fauna) and
· Socio-Economic Environment (Demography, Socio-Economics etc)

TABLE 4.1
SCOPING MATRIX FOR THE PROJECT
Aspect of Baseline Data
Likely Impacts
Environment Collection
A. Land Environment
Increased soil erosion
Pollution by construction spoils -Present Landuse
Construction
-Soil Characteristics
Phase Solid waste from Labour at construction -Physiography
sites
B. Water Resources & Water Quality
Construction Water quality impacts due to disposal of -Meteorological data
Phase wastewater from construction sites. -Rainfall
-Water Quality
Disposal of waste water
Operation Phase
Run off Drainage problems
C. Air Pollution
Impacts due to emissions generated by
Construction construction machineries -Meteorological data
Phase
Emissions from DG set -Ambient Air Quality
Operation Fugitive emission due to DG set at different Locations
D. Noise Pollution

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Aspect of Baseline Data

Likely Impacts
Environment Collection
Construction Noise levels at
Noise due to operation of various equipment different locations in
Phase
Operation Phase Noise due to DG Set the area

E. Terrestrial Ecology
Construction Loss of biomass -Trees in the area
Phase
Operation Phase Plantation of trees -Type of tree species
F. Socio-Economics
Construction Generate employment for unskilled and
Phase skilled local people
Fast and easy communication to the people -Census data
and goods -Socio-economic
Operation Phase Increase in numbers of pilgrims survey
Increase revenue from business
development
Increase overall growth of the region

The methodology adopted for data collection is highlighted wherever necessary and the
frequency adopted for data collection for environmental attributes is summarized in Table
4.2.
TABLE 4.2
ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES AND FREQUENCY OF MONITORING
S Attribute Parameter Frequency Source
No Environment
Land
1 Land Use Land use pattern --- GIS studies & field
observations
2 Geology Geological history --- Geological Survey of India,
Literature
3 Soil Soil Types One season Field studies & secondary
analysis sources
4 Seismology Seismic Hazard --- Seismic zoning map of
India
Water Environment
Physical, Chemical and One season Field studies and
5 Water Quality
Biological parameters analysis secondary sources.
Air Environment
Ambient Air PM 2.5,PM10, SO2 , NOX, & One season
6 Field Studies
Quality CO analysis
Temperature, Humidity, Indian Meteorological
Data
7 Meteorology Rainfall, Wind Speed Department and Field
collection
&Direction Study
Noise Environment
One season
8 Noise Noise levels in dB (A) Field studies
monitoring
Ecology Environment
9 Ecology Flora & Fauna Data Field observations and
collection secondary sources
Socio-Economic

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S Attribute Parameter Frequency Source

No Socio- Socio-economic
10 Data Field studies, review of
economic characteristic of the
Collection available Literature
aspects affected area

4.2 LAND ENVIRONMENT

Parameters involved in land environment are physiography, geology and soils, land use
pattern and seismicity. These are discussed in following paragraphs.

4.2.1 Physiography

Himachal Pradesh has been divided into five major physiographic regions namely the
Greater Himalayas, the Lesser Himalayas, the Outer Himalayas or Siwaliks, piedmontplains
and flood plains. The elevation within the study area varies from 350 m to 4880 m.
Landforms of the Himachal Pradesh are shown in Figure 4.1. Kangra district is situated in
Western Himalayas between 31°2 to 32°5 N and 75° to 77°45 E. The district has a
geographical area of 5,739 km. which constitutes 10.31 % of geographical area of the State.
The district is bounded by Chamba to the north, Lahul and Spiti to the northeast, Kullu to the
east, Mandi to the southeast, and Hamirpur and Una to the south. The district shares a
border with the states of Punjab on the southwest, and Jammu and Kashmir on the
northwest. Due to the hilly terrain, not very much of the land is cultivated. The region is
covered with uniform patches of barren land, as well as small forests. There is a reasonably
good network of roads across the district.

Kangra district comprises of four distinct regions viz. High hills Wet sub temperate region,
Valley region, Chanital region and Shiwalik foot-hill region, based on topography,
precipitation, irrigation facilities, soil and temperature etc. Bara Bhangal and Chhota Bhangal
area in Pir Panjal ranges constitute the wet sub-temperate hilly region which initiates from
the inter district boundaries of Kullu, Chamba and Mandi on the northern most end of the
district. Valley region of Kangra district comprises of three-valley areas viz. Palam, Kangra
and Nurpur. Palam valley includes areas enclosed within the boundary starting from Ghatta-
Baijnath-Chobu-Chobin-Agojar-Maniara-Parha-Dheera-Ghanetta-Gujrehar-Darang-Jia-
Bandla-Kandwari-Uttrala-Deol and Ghatta. Kangra valley includes area surrounded by
Malan-Barsar-Dahd-Yol.Cantt-Khanyara-Ghro-Rehlu-Bhanala-Draman-Dobh-iara-Samirpur-
Kangra- Sadarpur-Massal-Malan village boundaries.Nurpur valley located in the
southwestern foothills touches Punjab. The area abounds Bodh-Nagawari-Hagwal-Kandrori-
Thakurdwara-Ray-Sathana-Jakhara-Jawali-Luv-Jonta-Bodh. Changar region of the district
comprises of the areas falling between these valleys extending upto Vyas Basin. Kangra
Shiwalik foothill region includes area of Pragpur block starting from Dhaliara and passing
through Sansarpur Terrace-Kaswa Kotla-Bharwain-Chalali-Pirsaluhi-Chamukha-Kuhna-
Sunehet-Dadaseeba-Sansarpur Terrace.Pysiography and Drainage map of Kangra
Districtare shown in Figure 4.2.

4.2.2 Geology and Soil

The rock-facies to be met with in Kangra proper fall into two broad stratigraphical zones,
which almost coincide with the orographical zonesof the Dhaula Dhar and the lower hills.

These zones are--

(1) An outer or Sub-Himalayan zone composed of sediments for the most part of Tertiary
age, but including also some sub-recent deposit.

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(2) A central or Himalayan zone comprising most of the Dhaula Dhar. This is composed of
granite and other crystalline rocks and a group of unfassiliferous sediments of unknown age.

FIGURE 4.1
LANDFORMS OF THE PROJECT AREA

Project Location

FIGURE 4.2
PYSIOGRAPHY AND DRAINAGE MAP OF KANGRA DISTRICT

Project Location

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Dharamshala town consists of fine to medium grained dirty gray to maroon compact,
jointed, and non-micaceous sandstones which are interbedded with clay bands of
crimson red, green, and maroon color. It is generally believed that provenance for the
rocks of Shiwalik formation are the metamorphic and sedimentary rocks, and these rocks
consist essentially of a thick succession of sandstone, shale,clays, and conglomerates
in parts of lower Dharamshala. Dharamkot formation is named after the Dharamkot village
and extends from Kareri in the NW to the Khaniyara in the east of Dharamshala. It is
believed that these traps were poured out at the time of epiorogenic movements
which were of widespread scale and nearly affected the entire belt of Himalayas and have
been characterized by the presence of basic volcanic rocks with structure characteristics of
lavas and tuffs in Dharamshala traps. The limestone succession of Dharamkot formation
and Dharamshala traps is sandwiched between two steeply inclined thrusts.
Dharamshala is located very close to the perennial snowline and surrounded by deodar
forests and the Dhauladhar range, the mighty snowy mountains of Dharamshala. These
mountains rise about 4,000m above the floor of the valley. Dharamshala has an average
elevation of 1,457 m (4,780 feet).The geological map Kangra Districtis shown in Figure 4.3.

FIGURE 4.3
GEOLOGICAL MAP OF KANGRA DISTRICT

Project Location

Four soil samples were collected in order to ascertain the quality and nature of soil within the
vicinity of the project site after removing the top soil to the depth of about 30cm to 50cm to
obtain soil free from roots, sods and organic matters. The soil samples were collected from
location given in Table 4.3. The samples were tested for physical and chemical properties.
The results of the soil analysis are presented in Table 4.4.

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TABLE 4.3
SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS
Sl. No. Sample Location
1. S1 UTP Near Hotel Sahil
2. S2 UTP Near Bhagsu Temple
3. S3 LTP Near Bus Stand
4. S4 LTP Near hotel Kashmir house

TABLE 4.4
SOIL SAMPLE ANALYSIS
Sl.no Parameters Protocol S1 S2 S3 S4 Unit
1. pH(at IS:2720(P- 7.50 6.96 6.91 7.03 -
25⁰C)(1:2:5 26,1987)
soil water
sus.)
2. Conductivity IS:14767,2000 0.80 0.74 0.53 0.43 mS/cm
(1:2 soil
water sus.)
3. Calcium manual of soil 222.92 161.00 214.67 235.31 ppm
testing in
india(departmen
t of Ag.,and
corporation
ministry of Ag.
Govt of I
4. Potassium manual of soil 86.24 92.65 89.63 96.27 Mg/kg
testing in
india(departmen
t of Ag.,and
corporation
ministry of Ag.
Govt of I
5. Sodium USDA:1954 76.85 79.26 71.54 75.33 Mg/kg
Reaffirmed
2010/
6. Magnesium manual of soil 132.1 100.20 167.83 80.16 ppm
testing in
india(departmen
t of Ag.,and
corporation
ministry of Ag.
Govt of I
7. Chloride USDA:1954 657.57 432.59 428.46 257.08 Mg/kg
Reaffirmed
2010(Page-133)
8. Bicarbonate USDA:1954 78.2 80.9 79.0 86.51 Mg/kg
s Reaffirmed
2010/
9. Sulphates USDA:1954 23.58 26.77 24.27 27.50 Mg/kg
Reaffirmed
2010/
10. Available manual of soil 13.20 22.1 16.24 18.2 Kg./hec
phosphorus testing in
india(Departmen

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Sl.no Parameters Protocol S1 S2 S3 S4 Unit

t of Ag.,and
corporation
ministry of Ag.
Govt of
India)2011,4.6.3
(13)
11. Nitrogen as IS:14648,1999 298.6 290.0 287.36 267.43 Kg./hec
N
12. Total manual of soil 46.20 63.20 46.21 57.3 Kg./hec
phosphate testing in
india(departmen
t of Ag.,and
corporation
ministry of Ag.
Govt of I
13. Organic IS:2720(P- 0.44 0.31 0.40 0.35 %
carbon 22,1972)
14. Organic IS:2720(P- 0.76 0.55 0.70 0.61 %
Matter 22,1972)2001
15. Orthophosp USDA:1954 16.20 18.10 14.36 14.2 Mg/kg
hate Reaffirmed
2010/
16. Carbonates USDA:1954 4.80 8.20 6.21 6.2 Mg/kg
Reaffirmed
2010/
17. Sulphur USDA:1954 15.80 17.40 18.30 22.1 Mg/kg
Reaffirmed
2010/
18. Arsenic JMELPL/STOP/ ND ND ND ND Mg/kg
02(37)
19. Boron USDA:1954 9.63 8.63 7.56 6.83 Mg/kg
Reaffirmed
2010/
20 Total JMELPL/STOP/ 1.14 1.35 1.29 1.24 Mg/kg
cadmium as 02(37)
Cd
21. Total JMELPL/STOP/ 3.28 3.30 3.44 3.47 Mg/kg
copper as 02(37)
Cu
22. Iron USDA:1954 260.1 240.2 310.0 310.2 Mg/kg
Reaffirmed
2010/
23. Total lead JMELPL/STOP/ 2.9 2.7 2.9 1.7 Mg/kg
as Pb 02(37)
24. Manganese JMELPL/STOP/ 88.20 73.20 66.2 62.1 Mg/kg
as Mn 02(37)
25. Mercury USDA:1954 ND ND ND ND Mg/kg
Reaffirmed
2010/
26. Molybdenu USDA:1954 6.88 7.10 8.35 7.35 Mg/kg
m Reaffirmed
2010/
27. Nickel USDA:1954 5.02 5.17 5.04 5.01 Mg/kg

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Sl.no Parameters Protocol S1 S2 S3 S4 Unit

Reaffirmed
2010/
28. Total Zinc JMELPL/STOP/ 13.20 12.30 13.1 4.13 Mg/kg
as Zn 02(37)
29. Silty USDA:1954 59 26 22 23 %
Reaffirmed
2010/
30. Sand USDA:1954 23 54 56 56 %
Reaffirmed
2010/
31. Clay USDA:1954 18.0 20 22 21 %
Reaffirmed
2010/
Source: RITES Field Study

4.2.3 Land use pattern

The term “Land Use” relates to the human activity or economic function associated with a
specific piece of land, while the term “Land Cover” relates to the type of feature present on
the surface of the earth (Lillesand and Kiefer, 2000). The knowledge of Land Use - Land
Cover is important for many planning and management activities as it is considered an
essential element for modeling and understanding the earth system. Land use maps are
presently being developed from local, to National and Global Scales for Environmental
Impact Studies. The satellite-remote-sensing technology has found its acceptance worldwide
for rapid resource assessment and monitoring, particularly in the developing world. All these
advancements have widened the applicability of Remotely Sensed data in various areas, like
forest cover, vegetation type mapping, and their changes in regional and seasonal scale. If
satellite data is judiciously used along with sufficient ground data, it is possible to carry out
detailed forest inventories as well as monitoring of land use and vegetation cover at various
scales.
Land cover study shall be comprised of built-up land, agricultural land, forest land, waste
land, water bodies and other features that can be derived from the latest satellite imagery
data of the study area (with a 15 km radius buffer), backed by extensive ground truth and
ground check information to enrich the data quality. The scale of the land use maps should
be mentioned on the drawings. Land use map classification shall be done as per level-II
classification. A drainage map showing the drainage pattern of the study area for 15km
radius shall also be developed.

The area of interest which includes the study area along with a 15km radius buffer comprises
an area of approximately 753.15 Sq. Km.
Site Coordinates: Lower Terminal Upper Terminal
Longitude 760 19’ 15.41” E Longitude 760 19’ 0.72” E
Latitude 320 13’ 11.15” N Latitude320 14’ 0.24”N
The satellite data was obtained from the National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC),
Hyderabad. The satellite image used in the current study includes LISS-III. The satellite
image is in the UTM 43N WGS84 co-ordinate projection system.Land use classification for
the proposed ropeway alignment as centre is shown in the Table 4.5.

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Built Up Area: The built up area covers about 9.09% of the total area within a 15km radius
of the study area. The surrounding villages around the project site are well developed with
proper roads, electricity, and water connectivity.
Agricultural land: Agricultural land contributes to 18.47% of the study area. The most
predominant types of crops are maize, wheat and millets.
Forest: Forest land covers about 34.82%. Most of the forest is in the slopes of the
Himalayan range. This forest is known as Cedar forest. The forest is a mixture of scrubs and
trees. This forest is a dense coniferous forest consisting mainly of stately Deodar cedar
trees, pine, oak and rhododendron, along vertiginous cliff tracks, and the occasional lake
waterfall and glacier.
Scrub and shrubs: The study area is covered with about 20.33% by scrub and shrubs,
mostly small to medium plants.
Hill covered with snow: As it has been stated, the proposed site is located on the edge of
the Himalayan edge; therefore the northern part of the study area is covered with snow
which is about 16.47% of the study area.
Rivers:Rivers in the study area contribute about 0.81% of the area within a 15km radius of
the proposed ropeway project. Most of the rivers are mountain fed rivers flowing from the
edge of the Himalayan edge.
Water bodies: There are many small to medium water bodies such as lakes and small
streams in the study area. These account for about 0.01% of the study area.
The predominant land use of the area is forest.A landuse map is prepared for study area of
15 km radius keeping proposed ropeway alignment as centre and is given in Figure 4.4.
FIGURE 4.4
LANDUSE MAP OF PROJECT AREA (15 Km)

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TABLE 4.5
LAND USE CLASSIFICATION FOR STUDY AREA OF 15 KM RADIUS
Sl. Land use/Land cover category Area (ha) Area (%)
No1 Built Up Area 6847.43 9.09
2 Agricultural land 13909.12 18.47
3 Forest 26228.36 34.82
4 Scrub and shrubs 15311.11 20.33
5 Hill Area Covered with Snow 12405.72 16.47
6 Rivers 608.20 0.81
7 Water Bodies 5.29 0.01
Total 75315.23 100.00

The settlement map shows the location of built-up area along with the village names and
other land marks, such as roads, railway lines, water bodies etc. The follow map shows that
the area is well developed near the proposed ropeway project and it is well connected with a
proper road and rail network.A settelment map is prepared for study area of 15 km radius
keeping proposed ropeway alignment as centre and is given in Figure 4.5.
FIGURE 4.5
SETTELMENT MAP OF PROJECT AREA (15 Km)

The drainage map of the study area was mapped using the field data and satellite image.
The drainage map shows that there are many small streams and water bodies in the 15km
radius of the proposed project site. This is due to the slopes of the hilly terrain located in the
study area. The drainage map shows that most of the water flow is towards the South-
Western direction of the study area. A drainage map is prepared for study area of 15 km
radius keeping proposed ropeway alignment as centre and is given in Figure 4.6.

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FIGURE 4.6
DRAINAGE MAP OF PROJECT AREA

4.2.4 Seismicity

The state of Himachal Pradesh lies in the HimalayanMountains, and is part of the Punjab
Himalayas. Due to its location and weathers dozens of mild earthquakes occur every year.
Large earthquakes have occurred in all parts of Himachal Pradesh, the biggest being the
Kangra Earthquake of 1905. The Himalayan Frontal Thrust, the Main boundary Thrust, the
Krol, the Giri, Jutogh and Nahan thrusts lie in this region. Besides that there are scores of
smaller faults, like the Kaurik Fault which triggered the 1975 earthquake. However, it must be
stated that proximity to faults does not necessarily translate into a higher hazard as
compared to areas located further away, as damage from earthquakes depends on
numerous factors such as subsurface geology as well as adherence to the building codes.
Chamba, Kullu, Kangra, Una, Hamirpur, Mandi, and Bilaspur Districts lie in Zone V. The
remaining districts of Lahual and Spiti, Kinnaur, Shimla, Solan and Sirmaur lie in Zone IV.

Available data on seismicity shows that earthquakes of magnitude greater than 5 on the
Richter scale occur at frequent intervals. Important seismic events in the region which have
taken place in the past 150 years and caused significant damage include the 1905 Kangra
earthquakes (magnitude 8+), the 1908 Kullu earthquakes (magnitude 6.0), the 1945 and
1947 Chamba earthquakes (magnitude 6.5 & 6.6), the 1975 Kinnaur earthquakes
(magnitude 6.8) and the 1991 Uttarkashi earthquakes (magnitude 6.6). Seismic Zoning Map
of India and Seismic Hazard Map of Himachal Pradesh are depicted in Figure 4.7 and
Figure 4.8. The project lies in Zone V of seismic zoning map of India.Considering its
geographical location and its past seismic history, suitable provision of seismic factor may be
made in the design of civil engineering structures to make them earthquake resistant. The
structure in the region are designed and will be constructed as per guidelines laid down by
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) to minimize the losses due to earthquakes.
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FIGURE 4.7
SEISMIC ZONING MAP OF INDIA

Project Location

FIGURE 4.8
HAZARD MAP OF PROJECT AREA

Project Location

4.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT

Water environment consists of water resources and its quality. Its study is important from the
point of view to assess the sufficiency of water resources for needs of the project in its
various stages and the impact of the project on water environment.

4.3.1 Surface Water

Surface water in the form of streams, rivers and springs is the main source of water in the
area. Most of them are perennial in nature being fed by the glaciers. Quality of the surface
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water is generally good, the reasons being that there are no/little source of pollution,
cascading effect in the streams/rivers and no scope for stagnation. The Gupta Ganga lies
within the project area. Surface water caters to the domestic, irrigation and other needs of
the people. The Beas River forms the major drainage system in the district. The river Beas
and its tributaries drain almost the entire district, except the north eastern part which is
drained by the river Ravi. There are two important lakes in the district, namely Dal Lake and
Kareri. The major sources of irrigation are small water channels or the Kuhls in the district
and an area of 36,444 hectare is brought under irrigation by various sources like canals,
tanks, wells and other sources. A part of the cultivated area of the district is not having any
assured irrigation facilities and the agriculturists have to depend on the vagaries of weather.

4.3.2 Ground Water

Most of the water needs in the project area, including drinking, are met from surface water,
which has minimized the scope for ground water exploration/development. Development of
ground water is limited due to discontinuous aquifers in porous formation. There is perennial
source of spring water near to temple at project site which are not getting affected due to the
project.

Rainfall is the major source of ground water recharge, apart from the influent seepage from
the rivers, irrigated fields and inflow from upland areas, whereas discharge from ground
water mainly takes place from wells and tube wells; effluent seepages of ground water in the
form of springs and base flow in streams etc. Ground water resources and irrigation potential
for Indaura and Nurpur valley in Kangra district, have been computed as per the GEC-97
methodology and the resources for the year 2011, are as follows. Indaura Valley (26,545 ha)
Annual Ground Water Availability 10,520.18 Ham Annual Ground Water Draft 5,263.72 Ham
Stage of Ground Water Development 50.03 % Nurpur Valley (23,775 ha) Annual Ground
Water Availability 7,639.43 Ham Annual Ground Water Draft 3,021.53 Ham Stage of Ground
Water Development 39.55 % The stage of ground water development in Indaura and Nurpur
valley in Kangra district is 50.03% & 39.55 % respectively, and falls under “Safe” category.

4.3.3 Water Quality

The term water quality is defined as “those physical, chemical and biological characteristics
of water by which the user evaluates the acceptability of water”. In order to assess the
baseline water quality status of the study area, 07 water samples were collected.Water
sampling locations is given in the Table 4.6.The samples were analyzed for physical,
chemical and biological constituents andthe results of water analysis are compared with IS:
10500-2012 Drinking Water Standards. The results of analysis are presented in Table 4.7. It
is found thatturbidity is exceding permisible limit in sample no. 7. The sample no. 1 is not
suitable for drinking purpose because in this sample the COD, BOD and Coliform is present.

TABLE 4.6
WATER SAMPLING LOCATION
SAMPLE TYPE OF WATER DESCRIPTION OF LOCATION
NO
1 Tap Water UTP Near Hotel Sahil
2 Surface Water Bhagsu Water Fall
3 Tap Water Near Bhagsu Temple
4 Surface Water Dal Lake
5 Surface Water Chalan Khad Near STP
6 Ground Water LTP-Hand Pump at Kotwali Bazar
7 Surface Water Nalla Near LTP

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TABLE 4.7
WATER QUALITY AT PROJECT SITE
S no. parameter S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 MDL Requirement as per Test Method
IS:10500-2012
Acceptable
limit/permissible
limit
1. Ph Value( at 7.46 7.93 7.65 7.43 7.58 7.27 7.55 - 6.5-8.5/ No IS:3025(P-
25⁰C relaxation 11)1983
2. Turbidity, NTU <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 5.5 0.7 1.6 10.2 - 1.0/5.0 max IS:3025(P-
10)1984
3. Total 116.0 98.0 47.0 140.0 172.0 489.0 202.0 - 500/2000 max IS:3025(P-
Dissolved 16)1984
Solids,mg/l
nd
4. Aluminium(as 0.018 BDL BDL 0.04 0.013 BDL 0.06 0.01 0.03/0.2 max APHA 22
Al),mg/l Edn.2012:31
25B
5. Free ammonia <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 - - IS:3025(P-
(as NH3),mg/l 34)1988
6. Barium (as 0.016 0.007 BDL 0.017 0.0195 0.017 0.011 0.002 0.7 max/no APHA 22nd
Ba),mg/l relaxation Edn.2012:31
25B
7. Boron (as BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.025 BDL 0.02 0.5/1.0 max APHA 22nd
B),mg/l Edn.2012:31
25B
8. Calcium(as 18.0 20.0 6.0 22.0 12.0 78.2 30.1 - 75/200 max IS:3025(P-
Ca),mg/l 40)1991
9. Chloride(as 12.2 9.8 7.3 12.2 14.7 44.0 9.8 - 250/1000 max IS:3025(P-
Cl),mg/l 32)1988
10. Copper(as BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.005 BDL 0.002 0.05/1.5 max APHA 22nd
Cu),mg/l Edn.2012:31
25B
11. Fluoride (as <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 - 1.0/1.5 max IS:3025(P-
F),mg/l 60)2008
12. Free residual N.A. N.A. N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A - 0.2 min/1.0 max IS:3025(P-

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S no. parameter S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 MDL Requirement as per Test Method

IS:10500-2012
Acceptable
limit/permissible
limit
chlorine,mg/l 26)1986
13. Iron (as 0.11 BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.29 BDL 0.1 0.3 max/no APHA 22nd
Fe),mg/l relaxation Edn.2012:31
25B
14. Magnesium(as 4.9 3.7 1.2 4.9 2.4 12.2 3.7 - 30/100 max IS:3025(P-
Mg),mg/l 46)1994
nd
15. Manganese(as 0.004 BDL BDL 0.009 BDL 0.011 0.006 0.002 0.1/0.3 max APHA 22
Mn),mg/l Edn.2012:31
25B
16. Nitrate(as 3.3 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 1.0 45 max/ no IS:3025(P-
NO₃),mg/l relaxation 34)1988
17. Phenolic BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.001 0.001/0.002 max IS:3025(P-
compound (as 43)1992
C6H5OH),mg/l
18. Selenium (as BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.002 0.01 max/no APHA 22nd
Se),mg/l relaxation Edn.2012:31
25B
19. Silver (as BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.002 0.1 max/no APHA 22nd
Ag),mg/l relaxation Edn.2012:31
25B
20. Sulphate (as 7.0 4.6 BDL 5.1 5.7 18.3 6.4 5.0 200/400 max IS:3025(P-
SO₄),mg/l 24)1986
21. Sulphide (as BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.05 0.5 max/no IS:3025(P-
S),mg/l relaxation 29)1986
22. Total alkalinity 59.7 54.7 24.9 69.7 84.6 288.6 104.5 - 200/600 max IS:3025(P-
(as CaCO3), 23)1986
mg/l
23. Total hardness 65.0 65.0 20.0 75.0 40.0 245.0 90.0 - 200/600 max IS:3025(P-
,(as 21)2009
CaCO3),mg/l
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S no. parameter S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 MDL Requirement as per Test Method

IS:10500-2012
Acceptable
limit/permissible
limit
nd
24. Zinc (as 0.337 BDL 0.069 BDL BDL 0.23 0.03 0.02 5.0/15.0 max APHA 22
Zn),mg/l Edn.2012:31
25B
nd
25. Cadmium(as BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.002 0.003 max/no APHA 22
Cd),mg/l relaxation Edn.2012:31
25B
26. Cyanide BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.02 0.05 max/no IS:3025(P-
(CN),mg/l relaxation 27)1986
27. Lead (as 0.00204 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.002 0.01 max/no APHA 22nd
Pb),mg/l relaxation Edn.2012:31
25B
28. Mercury BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.0002 0.001 max/no APHA 22nd
(Hg),mg/l relaxation Edn.2012:31
25B
29. Nickel (as BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.002 0.02 max/no APHA 22nd
Ni),mg/l relaxation Edn.2012:31
25B
30. Total arsenic BDL 0.048 0.04 0.003 0.019 BDL 0.019 0.002 0.01 /0.05 APHA 22nd
(as As),mg/l Edn.2012:31
25B
31. Total BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.0020 0.002 0.05 max/no APHA 22nd
chromium (as 1 relaxation Edn.2012:31
Cr),mg/l 25B
32. Total 3.0 2.0 4.0 15.0 7.0 9.0 24.0 - - IS:3025(P-
suspended 17)1984
Solids,mg/l
33. Vanadium(as BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.002 - APHA 22nd
V),mg/l Edn.2012:31
25B
34. Ammonical <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 - 0.5 /no relaxation IS:3025(P-

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S no. parameter S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 MDL Requirement as per Test Method

IS:10500-2012
Acceptable
limit/permissible
limit
Nitrogen (as 34)1988
N) mg/l
35. Total Kjeldahl 4.6 0.11 0.16 0.22 0.11 0.28 0.17 - - IS:3025(P-
nitrogen (as 34)1988
N),mg/l
36. Chromium (as BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.1 IS:3025(P-
hexavalent 52)2003
chromium),mg/
l
37. Oil & <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 - IS:3025(P-
Grease,mg/l 39)1991
38. Dissolved 5.8 6.2 6.1 6.2 6.4 6.3 6.4 - - IS:3025(P-
Oxygen,mg/l 38)1989
39. Chemical 12.0 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL - - IS:3025(P-
Oxygen 58)2006
Demand ,mg/l
40. Biochemical 5.0 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL - - IS:3025(P-
Oxygen 44)1993
Demand ,mg/l
41. Total 1.19 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.1 - IS:3025(P-
phosphate, 31)1988
mg/l
42. Dissolve 1.19 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.1 - IS:3025(P-
phosphate 31)1988

(as P),mg/l
43. Sodium (as 8.4 2.8 2.2 6.5 9.0 34.0 7.8 2.0 - IS:3025(P-
Na),mg/l 45)1993
44. Potassium (as 5.9 BDL BDL BDL 2.6 BDL 5.8 2.0 - IS:3025(P-
k),mg/l 45)1993

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S no. parameter S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 MDL Requirement as per Test Method

IS:10500-2012
Acceptable
limit/permissible
limit
45. Nitrate 0.75 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.2 - IS:3025(P-
nitrogen,mg/l 34)1988
46. Total nitrogen, 4.6 0.11 0.16 0.22 0.11 0.28 0.17 - - IS:3025(P-
mg/l 34)11988
47. Organic BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.0000 - USEPA:8141
phosphours 1 -A
,mg/l
Bacteriological quality of drinking water
1. Coliform Count 3.0 Not Not Not Not Not Not - Shall not be IS:1622-1981
(M.P.N)/100 ml detected detected detected detected detected detect detectable in any 100
ed ml of sample
2. Faecal absent absent absent absent absent absent absent - Shall not be IS:1622-1981
coliform/100ml detectable in any 100
ml of sample
3. Total coliform or 7 absent absent absent absent absent absent - Shall not be IS:1622-1981
organism/100 ml detectable in any 100
ml of sample
Source: RITES Field Study

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4.4 METEOROLOGY AND AIR ENVIRONMENT

Meteorology is an important parameter in Environmental Impact Assessment. All air
pollutants emitted by point and non-point sources are transported, dispersed or
concentrated. The dispersion and deposition is dependent on meteorological and
topographical conditions of the area. The main parameters of meteorology are: Wind Speed,
Wind Direction, Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Rainfall. In order to assess the impact
on existing ambient environment due to the project, it is necessary to have baseline status of
ambient environmental parameters.The latest meteorological data of 10 years i.e., 2006 to
2015 have been collected from Dharamshala station, Himachal Pradesh from Regional
Meteorological Office. The Monthly Average Maximum and Minimum Temperature, Monthly
Average Relative Humidity at 17:30 IST in %,Monthly total Rainfall in mm of dharamshala,
Himachal Pradesh are tabulated in Table 4.8, Table 4.9, Table 4.10 , Table 4.11 and Table
4.12 respectively.
TABLE 4.8
MONTHLY AVERAGE MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (ºC) OF DHARAMSHALA
Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
January 16.5 17.0 13.6 17.8 19.5 17.2 13.9 16.8 14.0 14.4
February 22.6 16.1 16.2 20.3 18.8 17.4 16.5 17.7 15.9 16.3
March 21.6 21.0 25.3 24.5 26.8 24.5 23.8 22.4 19.2 19.9
April 27.6 29.3 26.8 27.4 32.3 27.8 27.8 25.0 24.4 25.2
May 30.7 29.3 30.2 31.1 34.0 32.9 32.6 31.6 29.2 30.7
June 30.0 30.1 27.2 33.5 33.1 29.8 35.0 28.8 32.1 30.2
July 26.8 27.3 25.9 28.7 27.4 28.2 30.6 27.6 28.6 28.1
August 26.3 26.3 25.3 27.1 25.5 25.8 27.1 26.8 27.4 27.7
September 27.0 26.2 26.2 26.5 26.4 26.9 27.8 27.4 26.8 35.9
October 24.0 25.9 25.9 26.3 25.8 26.1 26.6 25.7 24.6 25.6
November 20.6 21.8 23.2 22.6 24.5 24.2 22.4 21.3 21.5 19.7
December 17.5 17.3 21.0 19.6 18.9 20.2 18.7 16.5 16.0 15.2
Source: IMD,Shimla(HP)

TABLE 4.9
MONTHLY AVERAGE MINIMUM TEMPERATURE (ºC) OF DHARAMSHALA
Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
January 7.0 5.3 6.9 6.1 4.4 2.9 3.2 6.0 5.9 4.2
February 11.6 6.5 5.6 6.1 5.3 3.9 4.1 7.2 6.3 6.6
March 11.1 9.0 12.6 9.3 11.1 9.6 6.7 11.7 8.5 10.0
April 15.7 17.2 14.1 12.6 16.1 12.4 15.6 14.1 11.7 12.6
May 19.4 18.0 17.6 16.9 17.8 19.3 20.2 20.0 14.7 17.3
June 19.4 20.0 18.1 19.8 17.5 18.3 24.2 21.2 20.1 17.3
July 19.8 20.7 18.3 17.3 16.9 18.0 22.2 21.4 19.0 16.2
August 19.0 20.8 17.6 17.4 17.4 18.0 20.5 20.6 16.9 15.7
September 18.0 18.8 15.0 16.0 16.2 17.1 19.6 19.9 15.8 15.8
October 12.7 15.3 12.6 12.9 17.4 13.8 15.5 18.0 13.4 15.4
November 9.7 13.1 9.8 7.6 9.4 11.4 9.8 10.0 9.4 11.6
December 6.7 9.8 8.3 5.0 9.4 4.9 7.3 6.8 6.0 6.7
Source: IMD,Shimla(HP)

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TABLE 4.10
MONTHLY AVERAGE RELATIVE HUMIDITY OF DHARAMSHALA STATION AT 0830 IST
Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
January 63.0 74.4 75.1 -- 55.1 64.5 70.5 67.2 68.0 75.2
February 58.6 79.7 69.0 -- 61.8 69.0 70.3 72.9 72.4 73.3
March 63.0 73.6 53.8 -- 50.0 60.3 57.0 64.7 72.9 68.3
April 54.9 57.9 53.8 -- 43.7 58.3 59.0 60.2 65.0 67.9
May 64.2 59.6 52.4 -- 46.0 51.4 55.9 60.7 66.0 56.8
June 67.7 66.1 64.6 -- 50.1 67.2 48.3 79.2 64.4 60.6
July 84.9 81.6 -- -- 68.8 88.0 79.4 88.4 83.3 83.5
August 84.4 82.7 -- -- 81.8 88.1 90.8 90.2 85.9 86.6
September 78.6 82.0 -- -- 72.9 83.7 79.7 72.6 76.8 75.5
October 74.0 70.1 -- 57.4 60.5 60.7 59.5 68.7 66.4 65.1
November 79.3 67.5 -- 67.9 61.3 53.3 60.9 62.1 64.1 66.3
December 77.5 72.5 -- 54.6 61.0 52.5 66.0 67.8 65.8 72.6
Source: IMD,Shimla(HP)

TABLE 4.11
MONTHLY AVERAGE RELATIVE HUMIDITY OF DHARAMSHALA STATION AT 1730 IST
Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
January 68.3 76.2 75.9 -- 51.8 59.9 65.6 56.3 68.8 70.3
February 65.9 84.0 72.0 -- 58.6 68.6 63.2 67.6 70.0 70.9
March 65.4 73.0 54.8 -- 47.9 57.3 51.6 59.5 71.1 66.8
April 58.9 61.0 54.0 -- 43.4 55.4 53.3 59.0 62.5 63.6
May 66.3 60.0 50.7 -- 43.3 49.0 49.2 56.6 61.7 56.3
June 69.2 63.2 63.1 -- 47.6 61.8 48.7 71.4 61.7 57.6
July 85.8 80.9 -- -- 69.4 81.5 72.8 77.7 79.5 77.8
August 85.5 85.8 -- -- 77.7 87.5 85.1 84.7 80.1 77.1
September 81.7 81.9 -- -- 66.1 74.4 55.0 68.7 71.2 65.9
October 77.8 74.0 -- 50.2 56.8 56.1 54.7 65.0 63.5 63.0
November 82.0 71.4 -- 61.8 53.9 51.9 55.3 58.8 61.4 62.8
December 78.6 72.9 -- 51.9 55.7 49.6 60.5 61.4 63.1 69.2
Source: IMD,Shimla(HP)

TABLE 4.12
MONTHLY TOTAL RAINFALL IN MM OF DHARAMSHALA STATION
Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
January 97.8 0.0 80.6 50.2 32.6 71.4 174.4 72.8 107.8 106.2
February 27.8 248.8 91.0 55.0 176.0 132.8 86.0 164.0 152.6 159.2
March 145.6 280.2 3.2 54.8 19.8 59.8 88.8 87.0 149.3 231.9
April 33.2 16.4 50.0 98.2 16.0 115.8 99.0 23.6 78.1 81.4
May 215.8 120.9 111.4 60.6 69.8 14.2 18.8 61.2 51.2 30.2
June 430.0 446.0 901.9 163.2 192.4 384.6 116.4 559.4 142.8 131.0
July 925.8 737.8 841.8 603.8 637.2 808.6 1253.2 982.2 826.5 1192.4
August 840.0 749.0 765.0 540.6 1156.2 1536.0 1694.4 1349.2 681.4 994.2
September 295.4 341.0 140.2 228.5 560.6 388.4 575.2 306.0 356.2 260.8
October 77.5 0.0 90.7 58.0 63.0 121.6 6.6 150.2 60.8 37.0
November 17.8 0.0 0.0 101.6 10.8 0.0 3.6 34.0 1.6 19.4
December 75.8 30.6 7.4 2.6 84.4 0.0 63.6 58.0 57.4 59.0
Source: IMD,Shimla(HP)

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Meteorological data like cloud Cover, Solar radiation,Atmospheric pressure of the project
area is collected from Meteorological Office (MC), Shimla given at Table 4.13. The data
have been collected from January 2005 to December 2014 and Monthly wind rose diagram
based on the 30 years data from year 1971 to 2000. Monthly wind rose diagram of the
project area are shown in Figure 4.9. From the wind rose diagram, the prevailing wind
direction is from South (S).
TABLE 4.13
AVERAGE CLOUD COVER, SOLAR RADIATION, ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
Avg. Cloud Avg.
Avg. Atmospheric
Cover in Solar
S. No Year Pressure in hPa
Octos Radiation
0830 1730 in Hrs 0830 1730
1. 2005 3 4 NA 798.7 796.8
2. 2006 3 4 NA 797.7 796.7
3. 2007 3 4 NA 798.2 796.8
4. 2008 3 4 NA 795.2 798.7
5. 2009 3 3 NA 797.3 796.6
6. 2010 3 4 NA 795.8 814.1
7. 2011 3 4 NA 799.1 798.3
8. 2012 3 4 3.7 843.9 843.9
9. 2013 3 4 4.0 844.3 843.5
10. 2014 2 4 4 .2 844.8 844.1
Source: IMD,Shimla(HP)

FIGURE 4.9
MONTHLY WINDROSE DIAGRAMS OF SHIMLA

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4.4.1 Air Quality

The prime objective of baseline air quality survey is to assess the air quality of the area; it
would also be useful in assessing the conformity to standards of the ambient air quality.
Theambient air quality within the project study area of 10 km radius forms the baseline
information.

The atmospheric concentrations of air pollutants are monitored at 5 locations as shown in

Figure 4.10 for parameters PM 2.5, PM10, SO2, NOX & CO under ambient air quality
monitoring (AAQM). The monitoring is carried out for one season from 13th-16th May 2016.
The monitoring frequency for parameters has been kept twice a week 24 hourly. The
description of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring stations are given in the Table 4.14. The
results obtained are reported in Table 4.15. The results obtained are analysed and
compared with ambient air quality standards of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB).
When air quality is compared to the prescribed standards,it is observed that all parameters
are within the standards.
FIGURE 4.10
LOCATION OF AIR AND NOISE SAMPLES

TABLE 4.14
DESCRIPTION OF AMBIENT AIR and NOISE QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS
LOCATION AERIAL
STATION NAME DIRECTION
LATITUDE LONGITUDE DISTANCE (M)
Dhauladhar Hotel, 32° 13' .94"N 76° 19' 5.46"E 132 East
near Mandir Area,
LTP
Potala Road, 32° 13' 50.24"N 76° 19' 37.04"E 370 East
Village-Jogibara
Farsatganj, Near 32° 14' 20.27"N 76° 18' 46.24"E 1230 North-West
Electrical Office,
Upper Terminal
Gamru Village 32° 13' 29.75"N 76° 19' 48.22"E 935 East
Kanyara Village 32° 12' 56.45"N 76° 21' 44.84"E 4146 East

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TABLE 4.15
AIR QUALITY IN AND AROUND PROJECT SITE
Parameters

Sulphur Dioxide

Monoxide (CO)
Matter (PM2.5)
Matter (PM10)
Particulate

Particulate

Oxides of
Nitrogen
(as NO2)
(as SO2)

Carbon
Station
Name Date

Unit : µg/m3 mg/m3

12.05.2016
Dhauladhar to 73 45 5.8 12 0.72
Hotel Near 13.05.2016
Mandir Area 15.05.2016
to 70 42 6.2 15 0.68
16.05.2016
12.05.2016
to 71 41 5.6 14 0.72
Potala road
13.05.2016
vill-Jogibara
15.05.2016
to 76 44 6.0 11 0.75
16.05.2016
12.05.2016
Farsatganj 87 52 7.0 16 0.83
to
near
13.05.2016
electricity
15.05.2016
office 82 47 6.6 14 0.81
to
16.05.2016
12.05.2016
to 64 37 ND(4.0) 10 0.56
Gamru
13.05.2016
Village
15.05.2016-
to 69 40 ND(4.0) 9.5 0.59
16.05.2016-
12.05.2016
to 63 39 ND(4.0) 11 0.55
Khanyara
13.05.2016
Village
15.05.2016
to 67 42 ND(4.0) 10 0.57
16.05.2016
Source: RITES Field Study

4.4.2 Critically polluted area

The proposed ropeway site is not coming under critically polluted areas identified by Central
Pollution Control Board.

4.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

The impact of noise can lead to effects such as noise induced hearing loss and annoyance
depending upon the loudness of noise level. The assessment of impacts of noise sources on
surrounding depends on;

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Ø Characteristics of noise sources (instantaneous, intermittent or continuous in nature).

Ø Time of day at which noise occurs, for example high noise levels at night in residential
areas are not acceptable because of sleep disturbance.
Ø Location of noise source, with respect to noise sensitive land use, which determines the
loudness and period of exposure.

Noise level survey is conducted at the project area with an objective to establish the baseline
noise levels and assess the impacts of the noise expected due to the proposed
development. Noise level survey is conducted at 5 locations. The description of noise
sampling locations are same as air sampling locations and given in Table 4.14. Noise levels
are recorded on hourly equivalent noise level fortwice a week 24 hourly in order to have an
assessment of the Day and Night time noise levels. At all the location ambient noise level is
within prescribed limit given by Central Pollution Control Board.The noise levels so obtained
are summarized in Table 4.16.
TABLE 4.16
NOISE LEVELS OF THE PROJECT SITE
STATION
Date L10 L50 L90 Lmax Lmin Lday Lnight Ldn
NAME
12.05.2016
Dhauladhar to 42.5 59.3 52.6 61.1 41.3 61.0 39.0 59.8
Hotel Near 13.05.2016
Mandir Area 15.05.2016
to 41.7 57.8 50.6 59.5 39.5 59.1 40.1 57.9
16.05.2016
12.05.2016
to 40.6 54.4 50.2 58.9 39.7 55.9 39.9 54.8
Potala road
13.05.2016
vill-Jogibara
15.05.2016
to 41.5 5.6 54.2 59.2 40.4 56.3 39.4 55.1
16.05.2016
12.05.2016
Farsatganj
to 43.4 58.2 54.9 60.4 40.5 60.4 40.0 59.2
near
13.05.2016
electricity
15.05.2016
office
to 40.7 56.4 53.6 60.1 38.5 59.2 39.3 58.0
16.05.2016
12.05.2016
to 37.0 47.9 48.8 52.3 35.8 50.2 38.1 49.0
Gamru
13.05.2016
Village
15.05.2016
to 37.8 48.4 45.3 51.9 36.7 49.3 37.7 48.2
16.05.2016
12.05.2016
to 37.4 48.1 49.7 51.9 36.8 50.6 38.3 49.4
Khanyara
13.05.2016
Village
15.05.2016
to 36.6 46.9 45.9 51.2 35.4 48.3 37.3 47.2
16.05.2016
Source: RITES Field Study

The major source of noise pollution during construction phase will be construction
machineries, while DG sets will create noise during power failure. The noise generated
during the construction phase is temporary in nature and precautionary measures are taken

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in the Environmental Management Plan (EMP). However, during operation of Ropeway, the
only concern is the emission from DG set during power failure.

4.6 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

An ecological study of the ecosystem is essential to understand the impact due to project
development activities on the existing flora and fauna of the area. The present study was
undertaken to predict changes as a result of project activities and to suggest measures for
maintaining the conditions. This section describes the ecology of the area based on
information compiled from various sources of secondary information i.e. district forest office,
census hand book, gazetteer and visual inspection during the field visits.
The ecological survey has been done to establish the baseline ecological conditions of
thebuffer zone (area within 10 km radius of the project site), to assess the potential
ecologicalimpacts of the proposed project on ecology, to develop adequate and feasible
mitigationmeasures (via inputs to project design and layout, working practices, or
compensate whereappropriate) to keep ecological impacts within acceptable limits, and to
prepare comprehensivemanagement plan. This section of report renders ecological baseline
of the area.
4.6.1 Natural Vegetation

Himachal Pradesh has a diversified and rich flora due to climatic and altitudinal zonation.
The tree line is reached at about 3950 m beyond which is the Himalayan meadow. The snow
line is reached at about 4600m. On the basis of composition, the forests can be broadly
classified into (a) Coniferous forests, viz. chir, deodar, kail spruce, silver fir and chilgoza
pine; (b) Broad-leaved forests, viz. sal, ban, mohru, oak, kharsa, walnut, bird cherry, poplar,
aldar, sembal, tun and shisham. The distribution of different species follows a fairly regular
altitudinal stratification except where the micro-climatic changes due to the aspect and
exposure and local changes in rock and soils bring vegetation inversion i.e. the vegetation
which otherwise occur at higher altitudes are found projected in the lower zone and vice-
versa. Generally the sequence of important timber species growing in the region is sal, chir,
deodar, kail, spruce and silver fir. The forests of the region can be classified broadly into nine
forest types as described and depicted in Figure 4.11.The type of forest found in the study
area is sub tropical alpine forest or wet temperature forest.
(i) Dry alpine forests: They are found mainly in Lahaul, Kinnaur and Pangi. They are very
open xerophytics. Main species are juniper, artemesia, lonicera and cotoneaster.
Extensive alpine pastures are the characteristics features of this forest type.
(ii) Moist alphine scrub forests: They mostly occur above the limit of tree growth and
consist of evergreen scrub growth forming dense cover in between. Main species are
Salix, Lonicera and Viburnum. Herbaceous flora is fairly rich and medicinal herbs such
as aconite, dhoop and karru are found in these areas.
(iii) Sub-alpine forests: These occur above the altitude of 3500m and below the moist
alpine scrub zone. The main species are Kharsu and Betula utlis. Blue pine occurs in
Kinnaur, Pangi and Lahaul divisions between 2,800 to 3,800 m and these are generally
well stocked. Between 2,500-4,000 m occur the Himalayan temperate parklands, which
are characterized by grasslands having scattered mishapen and often-moribund trees
of Kharru, oak, mapple etc. They are used as grazing grounds by the migratory herds
of sheep and goats.
(iv) Himalayan moist temperate and mixed forests: These forests occupy a large area
between 1500-3500 m and occur mainly in areas of Chaupal, Shimla, Kotgarh, Kinnaur,
Suket, Nachan, Kulu, Seraj, Chamba and Churah divisions. The mixed coniferous
forests include pure silver fir, silver fir-spruce and spruce-deodar formations. These

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occur above deodar and kail zones between 2000-35000m, extensively in Chaupal,
Pabar valley, Shimla, Kotgarh, Seraj, Chamba and Churrah divisions. The moist
temperate deciduous occur between 2000-3000 m in moist depressions often along the
Nalahs. Horse chestnut, bird cherry, walnut, maple and poplar are main species. The
upper oak-silver-fir forests occur between 3000-35000 m and Alder extends upto
2250m. Kail producing valuable timber occurs between 1500-2500m mainly in Chaupal,
Pabar, Shimla, Kotgarh, Suket, Nachan, Mandi, Seraj, Kulu, Chamba and Kinnaur
divisions. Chilgoza pine forests comprise open forest mixed with deodar. Dry deodar
forests occur in Kinnaur and Pangi divisions.
(v) Wet temperature forests: These forests are mainly confined to wet slopes of
Dalhausie, Dharamshala, Kangra and Palampur areas and include many temperate
species.
(vi) Sub-tropical pine forests: In this category of forests, Chil-pine is the main species
which occurs between 1000 to 2200m.
(vii) Sub-tropical broad-leaved hill forests: These forests stretch east to west from Mandi
along the Beas (below 1200m). These forests have been greatly damaged by grazing
and lopping and reduced to scrubs at places.
(viii) Northern tropical dry deciduous forests: These forests occurs upto 1250 m in the
lower hills extending in the interior valleys along the rivers. Sal is the main species
found in Nahan and Bharwain range of Una division.
(ix) Tropical thorn forests: These occupy a small area of Nalagrah and Panchhad
districts.

FIGURE 4.11
FOREST TYPES IN PROJECT AREA

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4.6.2. Habitat Assessment

Assessments that determine the suitability of ecosystem as habitat for a species are termed
as habitat assessment. Habitat assessment provides border contexts for estimation of
resources lost (flora and fauna) and also provides a means for resource management to
incorporate alteration effect into their management models. Within a defined geographical
area, an ecosystem health is often assessed by determining plant and animal habitat
conditions. Habitat analysis defines the set of physical and biological locations and the
environmental factors required by the animal or plant population to survive and reproduce.
Habitat means the place where an organism dwells.

The information on a habitat provides baseline for proposed project site because the project
activities might lead to loss of the ecological resources, if existing. The information will
further enable to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of the mitigation options that are being
proposed by environmentalist and conservationist to incorporate conservation concerns in
mitigating the impacts of developmental project.

Flora : Most commonly found floral species found in the study area are Chil (Pinus roxbergii)
, Ohi ,Khirak (Celtis australis) ,Tut (Morus nigra) ,Pajja (Prunus Cerasoides) , jamun
(Terminalia catapa) , Baan (Cuercus leucotrichophora, Cuercus incana)
,khadam(Neolamarkia cadamba) ,kainth (Pyrus pashia) ,kambal(Abroma augusta)
,popular(Populus alba) ,Alen ,Deodar (Cedrus deodara),Burans (Rhododendron arboretum)
,willow (Salix alba) etc.

Field study report: -

The proposed project site is predominantly occupied by forest. The forest found in the
proposed ropeway site consists of RF (Reserve forest), UPF (Undemarkated Protected
forest) and DC land. The DC land belongs to district collectorate, district kangada,
Dharmashala tehsil, Himachal Pradesh sarkar.A variety of flora are found in the study area.
The predominant plants species observed in the proposed site are Chid (Pinus roxbergii)
and Baan (Cuercus leucotrichophora, Cuercus incana) respectively. RFO, Dharmashala was
carried tree enumeration of tree survey. As most of the proposed site is occupied by Forest
of different category. The list of common trees, shrubs, herbs and climbers procured from
dharmashala forest division is given in Annexure 4.1. The predominant flora of the study
area consists of Ban, Chid, Deodar, Polular, Khidak and red Burans. Man animal conflicts
are observed by some locals and forest official of the concerned range on 2007-2008.

4.6.3 Fauna

The district of dhramashala is used to be a home of wildlife. However, the advancing

civilization, liberal grant of firearms and shooting licenses and fast development of means of
communication led to the virtual disappearance of the precious animals and birds. To save
the wild life from extinction the government has now imposed a ban on the shooting of the
animals and birds and has also developed sanctuaries for progeny and breeding of the
species. The following animals and birds are found in the project area of as described in
Table 4.17.

RITES survey team discus with the forest guard and local forest officials of dharmashala
range, to understand the wildlife and fauna of the study area. Pair of stray Red jungle fowl is
observed by rites team near proposed upper terminal which is schedule –I species .monkeys
and bats are also observed at proposed project site .whereas red jungle fowl ,leopard
,Himalayan black bear ,monkey ,lungor ,pheasant like Kalij ,Red jungle fawl and bats are
found in the 10 km of the study area.The list of avifauna procured from dharmashala forest

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division is given in Annexure 4.2. RITES team found that Red jungle fawl Pea-fowl, Koklas
Pheasant and Kalij Pheasant are vulnerable faunal species within the project area when
compared with the Annexure 4.2. However these have not been noticed at project site
during survey.

TABLE 4.17
LIST OF FAUNA
Sr. No. SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME LOCAL SCHEDULE
NAME OF WPA-1972
Mammals
1. Mcaca mullata Monkey Monkey II
2. Presbytis entellus Common Langur Bander II
3. *Panthera pardus Tendua Guldar I
4. *Ursus thibetanus Himalayan black Bhaloo I
bear
Birds
1. Pavo-cristatus Pea-fowl Mor I / III
2. Pucrasis macroplopha Koklas Pheasant Phash I / III
3. Lophurs leucomelana Kalij Pheasant Kalesa I / III
4. Gallus gallus Red jungle fawl Jangali II
murga
Source: RITES Field Study,* NO habitat of Guldar & Bhaloo in core zone of the study area, but some stray animals are repoted
by elderly residents.

Forest department conducted wildlife censes for monkey on 2014-2015. General Abstract of
Enumeration List of Green Standing Trees in Dharmashala Forest Range for the Work
of Dharmashala Ropeway RIGHT OF WAY (ROW) given in Annexure-4.3 I. General
Abstract of Enumeration List of Green Standing Trees in Dharmashala Forest Range for
the Work of Dharmashala Lower Terminal Point , (LTP) Tower Location & Upper
Terminal Point (UTP) in Annexure-4.3 II. General Abstract of Enumeration List of
Green Standing Trees in Dharmashala Forest Range for the Work of Dharmashala
Ropeways RIGHT OF WAY (ROW) in Annexure-4.3 III. Enumeration List of Green
Standing Trees in Dharmashala Forest Range for the Work of Dharmashala Ropeways
, Lower Terminal Point, (LTP) Towers Location & Upper Terminal Point (UTP) in Annexure-
4.3 IV.
The Faunal species found in study area are sambhar (Cervis unicolor) are common.
Panthera pardus (leopard): Its population has reduced considerably. Porcupine (Hystrix
indica), wild cat (Felis chaos), Monkey (Macaca mulata), Langur (Presbytis entellus) etc.
Forest patch, way to proposed upper terminal is shown in Figure 4.12. Dahauladhar peaks,
kalij & red jungle fowl, Koklas Phesant, Monkeys are observed in Figure 4.13, Figure 4.14,
Figure 4.15 Figure 4.16 and Figure 4.17. As per wildlife protection act 1972
Ecological studies are one of the important aspects of Environmental Impact Assessment
with a view to conserve environmental quality and biodiversity. Ecological systems show
complex inter-relationships between biotic and abiotic components including dependence,
competition and mutualism. Biotic components comprise of both plant and animal
communities, which interact not only within and between themselves but also with the abiotic
components viz. physical and chemical components of the environment.

Generally, biological communities are good indicators of climatic and edaphic factors.
Studies on biological aspects of ecosystems are important in Environmental Impact
Assessment for safety of natural flora and fauna. The biological environment includes
terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

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FIGURE 4.12
FOREST PATCH, WAY TO PROPOSED UPPER TERMINAL

FIGURE 4.13
DHAULADHAR PEAKS, A VIEW FROM PROPOSED UPPER TERMINAL

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FIGURE 4.14
KALIJ PHEASANT FOUND IN STUDY AREA

FIGURE 4.15
RED JUNGLE FOWL FOUND IN STUDY AREA

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FIGURE 4.16
KOKLAS PHESANT FOUND IN STUDY AREA

FIGURE 4.17
MONKEYS OBSERVED AT DHARMASHALA

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The animal and plant communities co-exist in a well-organized manner. Their natural
settings can get disturbed by any externally induced anthropological activities or by naturally
occurring calamities or disaster. So, once this setting is disturbed, it sometimes is either
practically impossible or may take a longer time to come back to its original state. Hence
changes in the status of flora and fauna are an elementary requirement of Environmental
Impact Assessment studies, in view of the need for conservation of environmental quality
and biodiversity. Information on flora and fauna was collected within the study area.

An ecological study of the ecosystem is essential to understand the impact due to project
development activities on the existing flora and fauna of the area. The present study was
undertaken to predict changes as a result of project activities and to suggest measures for
maintaining the conditions to the maximum possible extent. This section describes the
ecology of the area based on field study and information compiled from secondary data.

4.7HISTORICAL/ARCHEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS

There is no ancient archeologically important monument in the project site.

4.8 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

Government of Himachal Pradesh has decided to construct a ropeway system of 1800m

length. The system includes two terminal-upper and lower and 10 towers in between of these
two towers. Tower number one, two, three, five, six, seven, eight, nine and ten and upper
and lower terminals are proposed to install in the forest land and tower number four is
proposed to locate in the land of government of Himachal Pradesh. The project is planed to
commission on the Built, Operate, Finance and Transfer (BOFT). The Dharamshala
Ropeway Limited shall construct and operate for a period of 40 years and then transfer it to
the government of Himachal Pradesh.
The proposed project shall involve construction activities for various components of the
project like lower and upper terminal, passage to the lower terminal, offices and other utilities
at lower and upper terminal and other infrastructure facilities. These activities shall
necessitate acquisition/transfer of about 01.69.58 ha land under forest department and the
00.19.53 ha of land under government of Himachal Pradesh. No private land, house
structures or community property resources, religious structures shall be acquired and hence
impacted due to the proposed project. No significant impacts were observed or no family will
be displaced due to the proposed project.
Thus, transfer of lands from forest / government ownership / users may lead to the
evacuation, as observed no loss of livelihood and economic base for the project-affected
families/people (PAFs / PAPs) under direct and indirect user impacts. Most of the land
patches are open, barren or densely vegetated. Only impacted population includes drivers
and owners of the taxi, bus and auto running on the road parallel to the proposed ropeways.
The project area is in remote part of the state, the impacted population includes all segments
of the society such as SC, ST, OBC and General and groups includes people living in the
vulnerable category - widows, widowers and women and living under poverty. For successful
implementation of the project, it is necessary to cultivate a productive/amicable relationship
between the project office and the local people to support the local population to find out
alternate mode for help and substituting the present mode of livelihood earnings.
The construction activities shall also mobilize construction agencies together with staffs in
the area, which may change present economic activities within the area of impact of the
project. The demographic changes during the construction period would stress, temporarily,

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the local environment and population. Finally, operational staffs shall settle down in the area
to operate the project. In brief, the project during construction as well as during operation
period may have a lasting impact over the demography and socio-economic structure of the
project area. The project is located in the urban setting and have already huge social and
economic settings and shall not be impacted significantly by the project activities. It shall
bring positive and change quantitatively the habitat after commencing of the project works,
but shall raise some stress during construction.
While implementing the project, there is a need to take into account these disturbances and
losses due to the project, their impact on socio-economic condition of the PAPs and plan for
their mitigation measures to minimize any negative impacts. Governed by the consideration,
an effort has been made, in this chapter, to understand the socio-economic condition of the
project area (Kangra) in general, and that of the project affected people in specific. The
opinion of direct and indirect project affected people / public through consultations/
discussions have been collected and the impacts of the project have been analyzed.
The project is not intended to acquire land, so rehabilitation action plan and livelihood
restoration plan is not prepared for directly, however indirectly affected people like owners
and drivers of taxi, bus and auto may be addressed. In order to place the project-affected
people in the right perspective and understand the region better, it is considered appropriate
to take up in brief an overview of the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the
Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh in which the project site is located. It is also appropriate
to consider the broad characteristics of the project installation or induced or affected
locations.
4.8.1 KANGRA DISTRICT
Kangra district has a population of 1,507,223 (Census, 2011). The district has a population
density of 263 inhabitants per square kilometer. The population growth rate over the decade
2001-2011 was 12.56%. Kangra has a sex ratio of 1013 females for every 1000 males and
a literacy rate of 86.49%. The Kangri is considered native population and language / dialect
of the region. The majority of the people are Hindu Brahmins, Rajputs, Banias and other
SC/OBC. Tibetans and others who follow Buddhism are new settlers in the region.
In this section, administrative structure, location and area, population, agriculture and
irrigation and the socio-economic condition of Kangra district have been described in
separate sub-sections to evaluate the districts profile. The section has also assessed the
potential strength and weaknesses to analyze the same of PAFs in the project area.
4.8.1.1 Administrative Structure

Kangra district derives its name from Kangra town that was known as Nagarkot in ancient
times. Kangra was a part of the ancient Trigarta (Jullundur), which comprises of the area
lying between the river "Shatadroo" (probably Sutlej) and Ravi. The modern Kangra district
was founded on the 1st September, 1972 by the Government of Himachal Pradesh. The land
to the east of Sutlej that probably is the area of Sirhind in Punjab also formed a part
of Trigrata. Trigrata had two provinces. One in the plains with headquarters at Jullundur and
other in the hills with headquarters at Nagarkot (the present Kangra). The administrative set
up of Himachal and Kangra has been given at Table 4.18.

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TABLE 4.18
ADMINISTRATIVE SET UP OF HIMACHAL AND KANGRA
S.No. Particulars Kangra Himachal Pradesh

1 No. of Sub-Divisions 8 51

2 No. of Tehsils 17 75
3 No. of Sub -Tehsils 4 34
4 No. of Development Blocks 14 77

The district has been divided into eight sub-divisions. It has 14 tehsils besides 5 sub-tehsils.
The district has been divided to 14 development blocks, of which two blocks of Fatehpur and
Sulah have been carved out in 2001. There are 760 gram panchayats. The district has nine
towns and four municipal committees. The district has 3,868 villages of which 219 are
uninhabited. There is one cantonment. Pragpur block had highest number 75 panchayats
followed by Kangra (67) and Dehra (64), Panchrukhi had only 37 panchayats, followed by
Bhawarna (46) and Sulah (47). Dehra block had highest number of inhabited villages (507),
followed by Fatehpur (294) and Kangra (290). Kangra has eight Sub-Divisions, 17 Tehsils,
34 Sub -Tehsils Development Blocks 14. The district has 67 panchayat and 304 villages. Out
of the total villages, 290 inhabited and 14 uninhabited.
4.8.1.2 Location and Area

Kangra district is situated on the southern escarpment of the Himalayas. The entire area of
the district is traversed by the varying altitude of the Shivaliks, Dhauladhar and
the Himalayas from north-west to south-east. It is encapsulated in the north by the districts of
Chamba and Lahaul and Spiti, in the south by Hamirpur and Una, in the east by Mandi and
in the west by Gurdaspur district of Punjab. The present Kangra district came into existence
on the 1st September, 1972 consequent upon the re-organisation of districts by the
Government of Himachal Pradesh.
It was the largest district of the composite Punjab in terms of area till it was transferred to
Himachal Pradesh on the 1st November, 1966 and had six tehsils namely Nurpur, Kangra,
Palampur, Dehragopipur, Hamirpur and Una. Kullu was also a tehsil of Kangra district up to
1962 and Lahaul & Spiti which also formed a part of Kangra was carved out as a separate
district in 1960. On the re-organisation of composite Punjab on the 1st November, 1966 the
area constituting Kangra district were transferred to Himachal Pradesh along with the
districts of Shimla, Kullu and Lahaul and Spiti and tehsils of Una and Nalagarh and three
villages of Gurdaspur district.
The district has a geographical area of 5,739 km, which constitutes 10.31 % of geographical
area of the State. The district is bounded by Chamba to the north, Lahul and Spiti to the
northeast, Kullu to the east, Mandi to the southeast, and Hamirpur and Una to the south. The
district shares a border with the states of Punjab on the southwest, and Jammu and Kashmir
on the northwest. Due to the hilly terrain, not very much of the land is cultivated. The region
is covered with uniform patches of barren land, as well as small forests. There is a
reasonably good network of roads across the district.
4.8.1.3 Population
An official Census 2011 detail of Kangra, a district of Himachal Pradesh has been released
by Directorate of Census Operations in Himachal Pradesh. Enumeration of key persons was

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also done by census officials in Kangra District of Himachal Pradesh. In 2011, Kangra had
population of 1,507,223 of which male and female were 748,559 and 758,664 respectively.
There was change of 12.56 percent in the population compared to population as per 2001. In
the previous census of India 2001, Kangra District recorded increase of 14.05 percent to its
population compared to 1991. The demographic profile of the project area includes both the
District and the state, which is presented in the Table 4.19.
TABLE 4.19
PROFILES OF TEHSILS, DISTRICTS AND HIMACHAL PRADESH

S. NO CHARACTERISTICS HIMACHAL PRADESH KANGRA

1 Total Area (in sq. km) 55673 5739

2. No. of Households (no.) 1483280 338887

3. Total Population (no.) 6864602 1510075

3.1 Male (no.) 3481873 750591

3.2 Female (no.) 3382729 759484

4 SC Population (no.) 1729252 319384

4.1 SC Male (no.) 876300 159697
4.2 SC Female (no.) 852952 159688

5 ST Population (no.) 392126 84564

5.1 ST Male (no.) 196118 41745

5.2 ST Female (no.) 196008 42819

6 Sex Ratio 972 1013

(No. females per 1000
males
7 Life Expectancy (Years) 62.8 64.7

8 Infant Mortality (no.) 40 38

9 Density (per sq. km) 123 263

10 Literacy (%) 82.80 86.49

4.8.1.4 Tourism
The history of Kangra valley may be traced from the Vedic times. The area was exposed to
successive invasions. The Britishers had also domination the region. However, the region
maintained its arts and crafts and continued with tradition with the impression of modernity.
Crafts like the exquisitely designed shawls and miniature paintings of this region are
internationally appreciated. The Kangra valley is one of the most picturesque valleys of lower
Himalayas. The valley, shelter the sublime Dhauladhar range, is green and luxuriant.
Dharamshala is full of Buddhists. The ancient Hindu temples like Bajreshwari Devi,
Chamunda Devi, Baijnath Shiv temple and Jwala Devi ji are attraction and most visited
places by Hindus.

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4.8.1.5 Cultural Values

Predominant population of the district comprises of Hindus followed by Muslim, Bhudhists,

Sikhs, Christians and Jains constitute the negligible proportion of the district population. The
main Rajput communities in the district are Katoch, Pathania, Dogra, Jasrotia, Jaswal,
Jamwal, Katwal, Guleria, Mian, Thakur, Rana, Rathi etc. Scheduled tribes population is
negligible in the district. Jhamakada is a popular group dance performed in Kangra. This
dance is exclusively performed by women.
4.8.2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE WITHIN THE PROJECT AREA
The above sections dealt with the profile of wider area at district and state level. The profile
information gives a broader picture of the area. Now coming to narrowed down and more
specific the details given below explains the project area and people living in the
surroundings. It is assumed that the project activities may have substantial indirect / direct
impacts on the wider socio-economy of the region. Keeping this under consideration, socio-
economic profiles of the area and people living within the impact area of the project have
been presented and analyzed. Two locations have been identified for project as most
impacted – 1. Lower terminal of the rope way and upper terminal of the ropeways. The
catchment area of the lower terminal of ropeways is Dharamshala urban settlement and for
upper terminal is Mecload Ganj.
Dharamshala is a city in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. Surrounded by cedar forests
on the edge of the Himalayas, this hillside city is home to the H.H. The Dalai Lama and the
Tibetan government-in-exile. The Thekchen Chöling Temple Complex is a spiritual center for
Tibetan Buddhism, while the Library of Tibetan Works and Archives houses thousands of
precious manuscripts. McLeod Ganj is a suburb of Dharamsala in Kangra district of
Himachal Pradesh, India. It is known as "Little Lhasa" or "Dhasa" because of its large
population of Tibetans. The Tibetan government-in-exile is headquartered in McLeod Ganj.
4.8.2.1 Population Characteristics

Population of Dharamshala is 53543 and population of McLeod Ganj is approximately

11000. Both the urban settlements are over crowded by the tourists and migration from
across the world who has interests in the nature and Buddhist religion. The thin population of
these two urban settlements has been made comparative thick by the immigrant Tibetan
Buddhist and other who believes in nature and religion.

4.8.2.2 Literacy

Education is an important socio-economic indicator, if a society has higher education level

considered as a developed society. The bifacial education system which organizes and
makes society competent on the one hand, on the other hand it divides society groups and
widens inequalities among the people. However without education the efforts of socio-
economic growth and development cannot work. The project area has total literate
population is about 10824. Out of the total literate, 51387 are male and 34135 are female.

4.8.2.3 Employment

Most of the people living in these two twin urban settlements depend on petti business and
shops. District headquarters of Kangra located in Dharamshala provide various opportunities
for educated, less educated and uneducated. The data on project area indicates that total
worker 29989. Out of the total workers, male workers are 23028 and female workers area

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6961. The working population includes 25830 main workers. Out of the total main workers,
20068 are male workers and 5762 are main female workers.
4.8.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY
No specific socio-economic survey was conducted because direct impacted population were
not found due to the proposed project. The project planning has been done in such a way
that has planned through barren land or vacant land of forest and government land. No
private land or properties have marked for acquisitions.
4.8.3.1 Project Affected People
No private land is identified for acquisition for the proposed ropeway. Thus no legal
titleholders shall be affected for the project. The field studies observed that no none-
titleholders were found on the patches of land identified for the acquisition for proposed
project.

4.8.3.2 Data Collection

Primary data for the study was collected through field visit, consultation with the local people
and stakeholders. Secondary data was collected from the Central/State level census
handbooks and various other projects related documents.
4.8.3.3 Data Analysis
The data, so collected, have been compiled, processed and analyzed critically for the
purpose of this project report. Based on the information collected during social survey and
field studies through individual interviews of taxi owners, drivers and public consultation with
them and users, the Social Impact Assessment (SIA) was carried out. The Social Impact
Analysis which gives description of the effects and social changes due to proposed project.
4.8.4 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS
Public consultation is the process in which the discussion held with the people, group and
stakeholders. It discusses the extent of impacts, strengths of the affected people and their
region, opportunities available in the area, how the project shall bring the opportunities to the
people and how the impacts due to the proposed project could be addressed. The
discussion also includes how enhancement measures and developmental plans could be
implemented and the local people could be involved in the implementation and development
process. Public consultation envisages identification of stakeholders, procedure and
consultation with the people in various stages of project and gets to know about their view
and suggestion and accordingly setting up of mechanism by which their problem can be
resolved during the entire stage by organizing public meetings. The general information
about the project, such as investment, proposed alignment, details of land acquisition,

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compensation criteria etc. needs to be provided to the local residents for effective public
participation in the project.

The marking of proposed RoW decided the corridor of impacts (CoI) and this rung the bell of
threats for the affected families. The decision on the RoW on the ground created uncertainty
among the local people for unknown threats. The public consultations for this project were
held from 2nd - 03rd June, 2016 by RITES team. The public consultations included an
investigation of the social and economic status of people living along the existing project and
in surroundings. The venue for the public consultation was fixed at the upper terminal of the
ropeways, which is near Dalai lama temple and taxi taxi parking / taxi stand at McLeod Ganj.
The response of the participants (local people, tourists, pilgrims, etc.) was quite positive
however participant taxi driver and owners were apprehensive about the project. As they felt
that the project may disturb their sources for livelihood and employment. All the likely to be
affected taxi drivers and ownerswere found to be apprehensive about the plan for protection
of their occupation and proper rehabilitations.
Except the taxi driver, the participants assured their all support to make the project
successful.
Participant (taxi drivers and owners) suggested that the fare for commutation from
Dharamshala to McLeod Ganj should be at par with the taxi fare and the fare should be
reviewed annually in consultation with the taxi operator union of Dharam shala and McLeod
Ganj.
The diversion of forestland use to transportation use has specific consequences on the
people and nature. To understand the stakeholders involved with this natural resources,
under forest rights act, a public consultation was conducted in presence of local body
government. The minutes of the consultation and no objection of local body government and
local people and user of the forest resources has been attached in the Annexure 4.4.

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CHAPTER 5
IMPACT ASSESSMENT& MITIGATION MEASURE

5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

The primary function of an environmental impact assessment study is to predict and quantify
the magnitude of impacts, evaluate and assess the importance of the identified changes and
formulate plans to monitor and mitigate the actual changes. Environmental impacts could be
positive or negative, direct or indirect, local, regional or global, reversible or irreversible. The
process begins by identifying the development and operational activities resulting from the
proposed project as contained in Chapter-2 and Chapter-4 is dedicated for providing
information on the baseline environmental conditions for various parameters. This chapter
discusses the potential impacts on environment. Attempts have been made to predict the
impacts due to proposed project. The pollutants generated at the proposed project premises
during construction and operation phases are solid, liquid and gaseous in nature. Pollutants
may be generated continuously, periodically or accidentally. Sources of pollutants and their
characteristics during the construction and operation phase are given in Table 5.1. This
section identifies and appraises the negative as well as positive impacts on various aspects
of the environment likely to result from the proposed development.

Ø Land Environment,
Ø Water Environment,
Ø Air Environment,
Ø Noise and Vibration Environment,
Ø Biological Environment and
Ø Socio-Economic Environment

The impacts on the above environmental components have been assessed during various
phases of project cycle namely project design, construction and operation.

5.2 IMPACT ON LAND ENVIRONMENT

The impacts likely to take place due to the project location could be mainly due to land
acquisition and its diversion for project purpose. The land required for the proposed project
is 2.2438 ha in which 1.6958 ha Reserved Forest and Undemarketed Protected Forest
(UPF).

The construction of ropeway has impacts on land environment by change in landuse from
forest land to non-forest land. The ropeway system requires land of 2.2438 ha, out of which
ROW is 0.5718 ha and ROU of 1.6720 ha.

5.2.1 Impacts on Topography, Drainage and Soil Quality

The project is situated in hilly terrain where level difference between upper and lower
terminal is 391.0 m in a stretch of 1750.0m.The location of terminal stations and trestles are
selected on a mild slope or at plain area to keep the minimal cutting and filling having less
impact on topography of the area. Cutting and filling will be balanced. The ropeway corridor
is crossing 02 nos number of nallah. The nallah has been avoided for construction of the
trestles within it, hence no change in drainage pattern is anticipated. Natural drainage
system will be provided the way to minimize the flooding, soil erosion and landslides. During
excavation upper layer of soil will be stored for use of it after construction works to grow
vegetation on it. The excavated earth will be stabilized soon after the construction is over.

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TABLE 5.1
POLLUTION SOURCES AND CHARACTERISTICS
S.No. Activity/Area Pollutant Pollutant Characteristic Frequency

CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Dust from excavation, Temporary during
concrete mixing, material construction phase
Air Emissions- handling and other
PM2.5, PM10, construction activities.
CO, NOx, SO2 Emissions from vehicles
Construction and machinery.
activities on Debris/leftover waste from Commensurate with
1 and off the Debris/Solid construction activities. the construction
construction waste Garbage of construction activities
site. workers /office
Noise generated from Commensurate with
Noise construction equipment and the construction
machinery activities
Temporary during
Waste water
Construction office/workers construction phase
OPERATION PHASE
Vehicular Air Emission Vehicular emissions and Continuous/ Periodic
2
movement and Noise noise generation
SO2, NOX, SPM, CO from Periodic
Air emission
3 Diesel fuel burning
Generators Noise due to running of Periodic
Noise
equipment
Domestic wastewater-BOD, Continuous
Office,
4 Sewage Suspended solids,
restaurant, etc.
pathogens
Wastewater, Wash water and road Continuous
5 Open area
solid waste sweepings
Contaminated discharge During rainy season
Storm water Suspended
6 from site – mainly
drains Solid
suspended solids

The ropeway Impact on soil owing to the construction of terminals includes soil erosion,
compaction and pollution of soil in case of waste discharge on land. The impact on land will
be short term at tower locations during construction only, however at lower and upper
terminal, impact on soil quality will be during construction and operation. Collection,
treatment and disposal of solid and liquid waste during construction and operation are
envisaged to minimize the impacts on soil quality.

5.2.2 Impact on Slope Erosion/Landslides

Slope Erosion: Erosion aspect of a hill slope is an important factor in determining its
stability condition. The deep gully, toe erosion by nallahs destabilizes slopes. It has been
observed that the toe erosion by nallah is affecting the slope stability at number of places.
Hence, trestles on the side of nallah will be protected by putting the retaining wall at the side
of trestle foundation.

Landslide: The status of slope stability is an important aspect that can affect the landslide
hazard in the area. This is reflected by the landslide incidences in the past. The landslide
affected slopes reflect the instability condition of slope and add to the hazard vulnerability in
the area. No history of landslide occurrence near project site.

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5.2.3 Risk due to Earthquakes

The project area falls under seismic zone V as per the Seismic Zoning Map of India.
Necessary seismic factors (horizontal and vertical ground acceleration), as per relevant
Indian Standard Code (IS: 1893 – Part – 1: 2002) shall be adopted. All components of
structures shall be designed for seismic zone IV to ensure the safeguard against earthquake
risks. Being the hilly terrain, earthquakes will have more impacts on structures as compared
to plain area; accordingly design factors will be adopted.

5.2.4 Impact due to Solid Waste

During Construction: Building construction leads to generation of sand, gravel, concrete,

stone, bricks, wood, metal, glass, polythene sheets, plastic, paper etc. as waste. Inorganic
solid waste generated during the construction phase like waste concrete and mortar, left
over aggregates and debris etc. shall be recycled for use in the base layers of paved area.
About 100 numbers of labours will be required for construction of Ropeway. Considering an
average contribution of 100 gm/person/day, 10.0 Kg/day of solid waste shall be generated
from construction site. Most of the waste generated will be Municipal solid waste as the
major construction activities at site are assembling the structural steel components for
towers and terminal stations. Debris generated during construction activities will be used for
filling the low lying area which will be stabilized to avoid soil erosion and percolation of water
through it.

During operation: About 60 persons per day are recommended in PFR for operation of
Ropeway systems. The design capacity of the proposed ropeway is 4800 passenger per
day. It is estimated that about 246.0 kg per day of municipal solid waste will be generated
during the operation phase, which needs to be disposed off.
The recommended waste management plan is based upon the principle to reduce the
amount of waste for disposal through the development of outline plans for waste avoidance,
material re-use and recycling and is discussed in the Environment Management Plan.
5.2.5 Impact on Existing Features within 1 km

The existing features at project site within 1 km radius are Dharamshala and McLeodganj
town. Within 1km following features exist Reserved Forest, Nallah, Road, Water Supply Line,
Sewer Lines, Hotels Temples & market.

The limited construction activities during limited period of time will have no significant
impacts during construction. However, construction within Reserved Forest will be
undertaken in consultation with district forest officer. As per their guidance, precautionary
measures will be taken to safeguard the ecology of the area.

The proposed aerial ropeway will move in air from lower terminal to upper terminal and vice-
versa. Hence, no environmental impacts are anticipated during operation of the ropeway
system within the corridor.

5.3 IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT

The construction and operation of ropeway project requires use of water, hence impact on
water environment is anticipated. The impact on water resources depends upon availability
of water and their use.Water requirement for the construction and operation of ropeway will
be met from HPIPH. A NOC letter from HPIPH is given below at Figure 5.1.

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EIA Study for Development of Passenger Ropeway between Dharamshala to Mc Ledoganj, Kangra (Himachal Pradesh)

FIGURE 5.1
HPIPH NOC Letter

5.3.1 Water Use

The project implementation would involve various construction activities i.e. excavation,
levelling, foundation, construction of buildings at terminal stations etc. The terminal stations
and trestle foundations are proposed to be constructed on almost flat land or on mild slope
to minimise the water for levelling and other construction activities.
During Construction: The construction of station at lower and upper terminal would require
water. Water demand would be for civil cconstruction works and for manpower deployment.
About 100 workers will be working at site during peak construction period. Water demand
during construction for labours is estimated about 4.5 KLD which will be supplied from
existing water supply source line of the Public Health Engineering Department. The Waste
water generated will be 3.6 KLD. The breakup of water consumption and waste water
generation during construction of the Ropeway is shown in Table 5.2.Waste water
generated will be treated by providing on site sanitation facilities i.e. mobile toilets at tower
locations and septic tank cum soak pit at terminal stations.

During Operation: 60 persons are required to be deployed during operation which include
staff and security personnel. The design capacity of the proposed ropeway is 4800
passenger per day. The total water requirement will be 98.7 KLD. Daily sewage flow
considering 80% of the domestic water consumption works out to be 78.96 KLD. The waste
water will be treated by at STP of Dharamshala Municipal Corporation.
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EIA Study for Development of Passenger Ropeway between Dharamshala to Mc Ledoganj, Kangra (Himachal Pradesh)

TABLE 5.2
CONSTRUCTION STAGE WATER REQUIREMENT
S. Description Total water Waste water generation Remarks
No requirement KLD
Construction Site
1 Domestic use 4.5KLD 3.6 Manpower

2 Construction 382.58 KL -- Based on the

works Construction Activity

5.4 IMPACT ON AIR ENVIRONMENT

Emissions to the atmosphere from construction sites include particulates and gases (that is
dust, construction equipment/machineries emissions). Such emissions can have adverse on
site and off-site impacts if they are not properly managed or controlled. Emissions can occur
from any of the following activities:

Ø Clearing of land and related excavation and compaction activities.

Ø Operation of heavy machinery and related equipment for earthmoving and
construction purposes (excavators, cranes, etc.) and the engines associated with
such machines.
Ø Erectioning of structures using steel, concrete, brick, glass, timber, and other
materials.
Ø Metal joining and finishing including welding, brazing, soldering and other techniques.
Ø Generation of solid wastes and debris, their stockpiling and transfer during loading
onto trolleys.
Ø Transport of building materials and supplies onto the site.
Ø Movement of vehicles.

Air pollution occurs mainly due to fugitive emissions/dust generation from various construction
activities during construction period and use of DG set during operation period.

5.4.1 Impact during Construction

The construction activities for the proposed terminal stations and trestles include civil,
mechanical and electrical works. Civil construction works require concreting and brickworks.
Concreting works require concrete mixer and concrete vibrator for good workmanship for
which portable type are suggested. About 40 cum of concrete is required at each trestle
while at terminal stations its quantity is 516 cum. The capacity of portable concrete mixer is
1-2 cum per hour and weight is 390 kg. In one batch about 0.15 cum of concrete is prepared.
Other equipments are mini crane, concrete vibrator and drill machine. These equipment and
machinery will be operated by electricity. Both the terminal, there will be vehicular movement
and use of DGSet during power cut, hence air pollution at lower terminals. The frequent
checking of construction equipments and machineries will be undertaken to keep the
pollution at minimal level. There is 24x7 hours power supply in Himachal Pradesh, hence
use of DG Set is not warranted but services will be taken in emergency. Pollution due to
truck movement and use of DG Set is estimated considering peak pollution load due to
construction which is depicted in Table 5.3. Pollution load is evaluated on the basis of fuel
consumption given in Table 5.4.

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EIA Study for Development of Passenger Ropeway between Dharamshala to Mc Ledoganj, Kangra (Himachal Pradesh)

TABLE 5.3
TOTAL POLLUTION LOAD DURING CONSTRUCTION PERIOD
POLLUTANT LOAD IN Kg/hr
EMISSION FACTOR
POLLUTANT DUE TO CONSTRUCTION
(kg/lit)
EQUIPMENT
PM10 0.0035 0.07
NOx 0.039 0.83
SO2 0.0037 0.08
CO 0.015 0.32

TABLE 5.4
DETAILS OF CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTS
Fuel Make
S.No Equipment Noise level(dBA) Consumption,
Litres/hour
1. Mini Concrete mixer (3.5 75* 1.0 Safari Construction
HP) equipmentsPvt Limited
2. Portable Concrete 75* 0.5 Safari Construction
Vibrator (1.5 HP) equipmentsPvt Limited

3. Mobile JK Mini Crane (2 75* 0.65 Safari Construction

HP) Cap 150 kg equipmentsPvt Limited

4. Genset, 600 KVA with 75** at 1m 137 Litres/hour Kirlosker

enclosures
5. Genset, 125 KVA with 75**at 1 m 28 Litres/hour Kirlosker
enclosures
6. Truck, 125 HP(4T to 12T) 89* at 7.5 m 20 Litres/Hr Tata /MAN
7. Drilling Machine 130 Electric BOSCH
operated
8. Portable DG Set (5 KVA) 75 at 1 m 1.5 Litres/hour Mahindra/Honda
*Schedule VI(Part E) of Environmental Protection Rules, 1986 ** Schedule I (Sl No. 94) of Environmental Protection Rules,
1986

5.4.2 Impact during Operation

The operation of the proposed ropeway will be through electricity which will be made
available to ropeway by HPSEB. Hence, Ropeway operation is an environmentally efficient
non-polluting transport system. One DG Set of 600 KVA at lower terminal and one DG set
125 KVA at upper terminal are proposed as backup power supply in case of power supply
cut. In addition to intermittent use of DG Set, emission due to vehicular movement will also
contribute to air pollution. One diesel engine of 125 KVA capacity is proposed for emergency
rescue of passengers if power supply will cut and standby DG Set will not operate. Pollution
load is estimated considering use of stand by DG Sets and depicted in Table 5.5.The
emission of air pollution is expected rarely since electricity supply is 24x7 hours in Himachal
Pradesh.

TABLE 5.5
POLLUTION DUE TOOPERATIONDURING POWER CUT
POLLUTANT LOAD IN Kg/hr
EMISSION FACTOR
POLLUTANT DUE TO CONSTRUCTION
(kg/lit)
EQUIPMENT
PM10 0.0035 0.53
NOx 0.039 5.88
SO2 0.0037 0.56
CO 0.015 2.25

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 URBAN/ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING
EIA Study for Development of Passenger Ropeway between Dharamshala to Mc Ledoganj, Kangra (Himachal Pradesh)

5.5 IMPACT ON NOISE ENVIRONMENT

Noise is one of the most common occupational health hazards. Annoyance, stress and
interference with speech communication are the main concern in noisy environment. Like air
environment, impact of noise is also anticipated during construction and operation phase of
the project cycle. These are discussed in subsequent sections.

5.5.1 Impact during Construction

Noise at a construction site varies and depends on the construction activities in progress.
The prime sources of noise levels during the construction phase are the construction
machinery and the vehicular noise due to material movement at the site. The noise levels
created by construction equipment will vary greatly depending on factors such as the type of
equipments, the specific model, the operation being performed and the condition of the
equipment. The equivalent sound level (Leq) of the construction activity also depends on the
fraction of time that the equipment is operated over the time period of construction. The
dominant source of noise from most construction equipment is the engine. Details of
construction equipments with noise level and fuel /power consumption rate are given in
Table 5.4.

The contractor will be enforced to follow the above noise standards for the equipment and
machinery to be used at the construction site. DG Set mentioned in Table 5.4 is for use in
operation phase.

For an approximate estimation of dispersion of noise in the surroundings from the source
point a standard mathematical model for sound wave propagation is used. The equation for
sound wave propagation used is as follows:

Noise (receptor) = Noise (source) - 20Log [distance (receptor) or distance (source)]

The typical noise level prediction through logarithmic equation up to a receptor location of 2
km are presented in Figure 5.2. During construction of Ropeway the major construction
activity will be the construction of foundation work and erectioning of towers.

Since the proposed project does not involve extensive construction works, the impact of
noise levels are not expected to be significant. Due to the high noise levels of construction
machinery at source, the personnel operating the machines and the workers stationed close
to the machines will be prone to exposure of high levels of noise. To prevent adverse
outcomes of noise exposure, noise levels should be reduced to acceptable levels. The best
method of noise reduction is to use engineering modifications to the noise source itself, or to
the workplace environment. Where technology cannot adequately control the problem,
personal hearing protection (such as ear muffs or plugs) can be used. The following
measures shall be considered and implemented.

Ø Construction contract will clearly specify the use of equipment emitting equivalent noise of
not greater than 65 dB (A) for the eight hour operation shift.
Ø Project construction activities that generate noise in excess of 65 dB (A) at the project site
boundary shall be limited to the hours of 7 a.m. to 6 p.m.
Ø Special acoustic enclosures should be provided for individual noise generating
construction equipment like DG sets. The Special acoustic enclosures may be provided
by way of noise shields.
Ø For protection of construction workers, earplugs should be provided to those workers who
will be working very close to noise generation source.

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 URBAN/ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING
EIA Study for Development of Passenger Ropeway between Dharamshala to Mc Ledoganj, Kangra (Himachal Pradesh)

FIGURE 5.2
IMPACT ON RECEPTOR OF NOISE GENERATED DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE

5.5.2 Impact during Operation

During operation of ropeway, only generator set would generate noise during power failure.
One DG set having capacity of 600 KVA is proposed to be installed at the Lower Terminal
and one 125 KVA at Upper Terminal. All the D.G. Sets shall be placed in recommended
acoustic enclosure or with silencers and Periodic maintenance having noise level of 75 dBA
at 1 metre distance.

5.6 IMPACT DUE TO VIBRATION

Construction activities have the potential to produce vibration that may be annoying or
disturbing to humans and may cause damage to the structures. Architectural and even
structural damage to existing structures surrounding a site could occur if appropriate
precautions are not taken. Vibration generated by construction activities is categorised into
ground borne and sound generated vibration. Vibration produced during construction
activities are transmitted through the ground to nearby structures.

5.6.1 Impact due to construction

The construction activities will be carried out for foundation of Towers at LTP, UTP and
intermediate towers. Trucks/vehicle movement will be at Lower and Upper Terminal. Main
source of vibration during construction will be rock drilling in place of blasting for the
construction of foundation works to keep the vibration level within level within limits. The
frequent checking of construction equipments and machineries for operation and
maintenance will be done to keep the level of noise and vibration within limits.
5.6.2 Impact during Operation

The operation of ropeway will be through electric driven motors. In case of power cut, DG
Set will run which will generate noise and vibration but will be within limits due to provision of
acoustic enclosures. The operation of ropeway and vehicular movement will generate noise
and vibration within limit; hence no impact of vibration is anticipated. Proper maintenance of
machinery and equipment helps to control the noise and vibration.

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 URBAN/ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING
EIA Study for Development of Passenger Ropeway between Dharamshala to Mc Ledoganj, Kangra (Himachal Pradesh)

5.6.3 Impact due to Wind Pressure

As per Indian standard, the wind speed should not be more than 150 km/hr during operation
of aerial ropeway.
5.7 IMPACT ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

Impacts on terrestrial Ecology: All development activities lead to impact on the existing
flora and fauna. For the proposed Ropeway project, construction activities will involve site
clearance for construction of terminals. The area for the terminal stations comprise mainly of
common ,Trees, shrubs, weeds and grasses and do not support any ecologically sensitive
flora and fauna. The impacts of construction on terrestrial ecology have been summarized in
Annexure 4.1 I to Annexure 4.1 IV.

The proposed project may result in air, noise and water pollution, which may have an impact
on the terrestrial ecology. However, the impact will last for small duration and will be minor in
nature. No sensitive species for flora and fauna were recorded within the core zone during
the survey. The proposed alignment does not coincide with the migratory route of birds. The
noise emissions during construction phase may have a minor impact on the fauna in the
surrounding areas. The impact on ecology is give at Table 5.6.

TABLE 5.6
IMPACTS ON ECOLOGY
Sr no Parameters Magnitude Duration
1. Habitat loss Absent -
2. Habitat fragmentation Absent -
3. Reduction in habitat Absent -
quality
4. Impact due to pollution Minor Short term
5. Impact due to disturbance Minor Short term

The Total numbers of trees within ropeway corridor are 439 numbers. The numbers of trees
likely to be cut/ trimmed are 439.The number of trees with their size and species is given in
the Annexure 4.1 II.

The proposed project may result in air, noise and water pollution, which may have an impact
on the terrestrial ecology. However, the impact will last for small duration and will be minor
innature. Loss of the biomass has been estimated as reported in Table 5.7.

TABLE 5.7
BIOMASS LOSS
Sr. No. DISCRIPTION VALUE
1. Total loss of trees(No.) 439
2. Biomass volume likely to be lost (m3) 68.641

Encroachment into Wildlife Habitat/Corridor: The proposed project site is located in

between Dharamshala & McLeodganj cities, which is densely populated and there is no
nearby wildlife sanctuary/Natural habited/wildlife corridor. Hence it is anticipated that no
encroachment into wildlife sanctuary /Natural habited will occur due to the project.
5.8 SOCIO- ECONOMIC IMPACTS

Taking the findings of socio-economic analysis and field observations, positive and negative
impacts of the proposed project on the socio-economic conditions of project affected people
have been examined in this section.
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EIA Study for Development of Passenger Ropeway between Dharamshala to Mc Ledoganj, Kangra (Himachal Pradesh)

5.8.1 Loss of Agriculture Land

The project is located in urban settlement. Agriculture is not an usual practice of the
settlement. No agriculture land and crops have been found in the municipal boundary of
Dharamshala and McLeodganj. It is observed and informed by the project developer that
total 01.89.11 ha of land is required. Out of the total land, 01.69.58 ha of the land is under
forest department ownership for forest land use and 00.19.53 ha of land is under
government of Himachal Pradesh for open and barren land use. However, no private land is
required for acquisition. Thus no agricultural land shall be acquired.
5.8.2 Loss of Crop Yield

Loss of land leads to the loss of crops and other infrastructures. The crops of the project
area is paddy, maize, etc. In the project area, no agricultural land is being acquired. Thus no
impact on the crops yield is anticipated.

5.8.3 Employment Opportunities

The project is likely to provide direct employment opportunities to 100 persons during
construction period of 18 months and approximately 60 persons during operation and
maintenance of the project at all levels. In addition to this, project will provide indirect
employment in general to the local people specially.

5.8.4 Benefits to the Economy

Development of infrastructure and availability of reliable transport mode without much

emission unlike present traffic operation will carry passenger from McLeod Ganj to
Dharamshala. The project shall boost tourism of the region, state and the country. The
project would contribute towards better economic activities in the region as well as in the
state and country.

5.8.5 Recreation and Tourism Potential

The project area is a gift of nature where flora, fauna, mountains and rivers make it
extremely beautiful. Improvement of transport mode and other infrastructure facilities due to
the implementation of the project is likely to boast tourism in the area and revenue
generation from the same and opportunities of employment for local people.

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 URBAN/ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING
EIA Study for Development of Passenger Ropeway between Dharamshala to Mc Ledoganj, Kangra (Himachal Pradesh)

5.8.6 Pressure on Existing Infrastructure

As mentioned in above, the construction of proposed ropeway project will take about 18
months, during which manpower will be required for various construction activities. It is
estimated that about 54000 person manpower generation including workers and technical
staff will be required during the construction of the project. Out of these, the workers
migrating from outside of the project area, aggregation of workers along with their families is
likely to put significant pressure on existing infrastructure facilities in the project area. Thus
management of problems due to population needs to be looked into critically. Necessary
infrastructure would be developed in the worker’s camp area. It is anticipated that the project
area is a urban settlement and has already habitation of more than 70,000 people living in
the twin agglomerate thus no conflict and further pressure on existing infrastructures are
anticipated.

5.8.7 Cultural Conflicts

The state of Himachal Pradesh has unique culture. People of this area have distinct habits of
food and clothing, because the region is historically important. The people have deep faiths
in religions. During construction period of the project, migrant population is expected from
other parts of the country having different cultural habits however, no cultural conflict is
foreseen due to these migrants, as they will be largely settled in separate conglomerates
having all facilities and less interactions with the local people.

5.8.8 Women and Gender Issues

The issue of gender is very important and sensitive because half population of the society
represents one group of gender. Historically women have been often neglected in most of
the cases and most of the societies. Thus bringing women in the mainstream and
ascertaining full participation of this group has become important. The gender sensitive
project proponent, government of Himachal Pradesh are committed to ascertain the
participation of women in the project work at every stage since planning to operation.

The field study observed that no negative impacts were identified on the women population
in the project area. However the project proponent shall ascertain that women shall
participate in the project activities at every level. If available, they will be employed for
construction and sufficient number shall be available during operation particularly for the
works of ticket counters, maintenance and other works suitable to the women workers with
equal salary of their men peer working for the same.
5.8.9 Tribal People / Indigenous Population

No Tribal families or individual were found on the site. No tribal is adversely impacted due to
the project. So no attention shall be paid to the group as no tribal population hasencountered
the proposed ropeways development threats and no requirements for any tribal development
action plan. However, the project region is the habitat of two tribal communities – Gaddis
and Gujjars. These two tribal communities are nomadic and depend on the cattle rearing to
earn their sources for livelihood. No direct or indirect adverse impacts were identified on the
indigenous people or tribal population is anticipated.

5.8.10 Cost of Living and Inflation

Minor increase in cost of living and inflation would be experienced in the project area as a
result of increased commercial activities however the same factors will also increase the per
capita income of the people in the area and take care of the inflation. As understood that the
project is not of huge investment, so the subsequent stage of investment is not anticipated
significant.
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EIA Study for Development of Passenger Ropeway between Dharamshala to Mc Ledoganj, Kangra (Himachal Pradesh)

5.8.11 Better Connectivity

Ropeway project will provide easy accessibility of tourists from Dharamshala to McLeodganj.
The benefits of ropeway are given below

Ø Road Journey about 9-10 Kms often congested due to traffic jams.
Ø McLeodganj, Dharamshala goes under 30-50 mm snow layer during winters and roads
connectivity further detoriates
Ø Yearly 40 Lakh tourists visits the Place
Ø Due to traffic congestion, It takes 3-4 hours to reach McLeodganj during peak season

5.9 CHECKLIST OF IMPACTS

Checklist is the list of environmental parameters or impact indicators, which the
environmentalist is encouraged to consider when summarizing the potential impacts. A
typical checklist identifying the anticipated environmental impacts due to the project activities
are shown in Table 5.8.
TABLE 5.8
CHECKLIST OF IMPACTS
S. Negative No Positive Short Long Remark
Parameter
No. Impact Impact Impact Term Term
A IMPACT ON LAND ENVIRONMENT
i) Change of land use pattern * * Insignificant
ii) Impact on Soil quality/ Erosion * *
Zone V
factors will be
iii) Risk due to earthquake * * taken in
design
iv) Impact due to solid waste * * Insignificant
B IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT
i) Impact on Water resources * *
Impact on Water Quality during
ii) * *
construction
iii) Impact on Water Quality during operation * * Insignificant
C IMPACT ON AIR ENVIRONMENT
i) During Construction * *
ii) During Operation * * Insignificant
D IMPACT ON NOISE ENVIRONMENT
i) During Construction * *
ii) During Operation * * Insignificant
E IMPACT ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
i) Loss of Forest Produce * * Low
ii) Loss of Tress * * Medium
iii) Encroachment into nature reserve and * Low
Wildlife
G SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPACT
i) Loss of Agriculture Land * - -
ii) Loss of Crop Yield * -
iii) Employment Opportunities * *
iv) Benefits to the Economy * *
v) Recreation and Tourism Potential * *
vi) Pressure on Existing Infrastructure * *
vii) Cultural Conflicts * *
viii) Women and Gender Issues * - -
ix) Tribal People / Indigenous Population * - -
x) Cost of Living and Inflation * *
xi) Better connectivity * *

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EIA Study for Development of Passenger Ropeway between Dharamshala to Mc Ledoganj, Kangra (Himachal Pradesh)

5.10 EPILOGUE
As discussed above, impacts on land, water, air noise and ecological environment related to
the construction stage are discussed due to construction and operation of the project, which
are proposed tobe mitigated through simple/ good construction and project management
practices, although the intensity of impacts are low. There will be no major impact
anticipated during operation stage of the project. On the other hand the project would lead to
long term socio-economic benefits. Incorporation of the environmental management plan
would certainly enhance the sustainability of the project.

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 URBAN/ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING
EIA Study for Development of Passenger Ropeway between Dharamshala to Mc Ledoganj, Kangra (Himachal Pradesh)

CHAPTER 6
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
6.1 GENERAL

The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) describes the proposed remedial measures
and monitoring plan for the impact during construction and operational period of the project.
The EMP often contains a construction/management guideline that specifically addresses
how the project proponent/contractors are to incorporate environmental considerations into
their work. EMP considers compensatory measures if mitigation measures are not feasible
or cost-effective. This chapter spells out the set of measures to be undertaken during project
construction and operation to mitigate or reduce the adverse environmental impacts and
bring them to acceptable levels based on the proposed Environmental Management Plans.

The most reliable way to ensure the implementation of EMP is that these plans are
integrated into the overall project planning and implementation to make them as an integral
component of the project. This ensures that it will receive funding and supervision along with
other investment components. For optimal integration of EMP into the project, there should
be links for:

Ø Funding,
Ø Management, training and
Ø Monitoring.

The purpose of the first link is to ensure that proposed actions are adequately financed. The
second link helps in embedding training, technical assistance, staffing and other institutional
strengthening in the mitigation measures to implement the overall management plan. The
third link provides a critical path for implementation and enables sponsors and the funding
agency to evaluate the success of mitigation measures, as part of project supervision, and
as a means to improve future projects. For every impact discussed in Chapter - 5, the
mitigation measures, implementing agency and budget have been presented as far as
possible. All required funds would be channeled through the project authority. The
Environmental Management Plans have been prepared and discussed in subsequent
sections. Table 6.1 is given with mitigation measures in brief with time frame, implementing
and responsible organization against impacts due to re-construction, construction and
operation stage.
TABLE 6.1
ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES
IMPLEMENTI
NG RESPONSIBLE
IMPACTS MITIGATION MEASURES TIME FRAME
ORGANISAT ORGANISATION
ION
DESIGN /PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE
Alignment Minimise the loss of During Design Unit, DRL
vegetation and impact on Design
wildlife.
Banoi Reserved Conservation and During Forest Forest department
Forest protection of wildlife and Design department
ecology Phase
Loss of Water Utmost care taken to avoid During Design Unit DRL
Bodies water bodies for Design
construction of trestles
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Environmental This will include During DRL DRL
Management institutional requirements, Construction
and Monitoring training, environmental & Operation
management and

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IMPLEMENTI
NG RESPONSIBLE
IMPACTS MITIGATION MEASURES TIME FRAME
ORGANISAT ORGANISATION
ION
monitoring
Dust Water should be sprayed During Contractor DRL and SPCB
during construction phase, construction
Vehicles delivering
materials should be
covered to reduce spills
and dust blowing off the
load.
Air Pollution Vehicles and machinery During Contractor DRL and SPCB
are to be regularly construction
maintained so that
emissions conform to
National and State
Standards.
Noise Construction will be done During Contractor DRL and SPCB
during day time only to construction
avoid the impact on
wildlife.
Provision of noise
barrier/acoustic enclosures
Earplug/earmuffs for
workers
No blasting
Vibration Construction will be done During Contractor DRL and SPCB
during day time only to construction
avoid the impact on
wildlife.
No blasting will be
undertaken
WATER
Alteration of All necessary measures During Design Unit DRL and Forest
drainage have been taken to Design and and Department
prevent constructions from Construction Contractor
impeding streams/nallah
Siltation Construction materials Throughout Contractor DRL and Forest
containing fine particles construction Department
will be stored in an period
enclosure such that
sediment-laden water
does not drain into nearby
watercourse, but rather
percolate slowly into the
soil.
Contamination All measures will be taken Throughout Contractor DRL and SPCB
from Wastes to prevent the wastewater construction
from construction site period
entering into water
resources
Sewerage A minimum distance of Throughout Contractor DRL and SPCB
disposal during any sewage or toilet facility construction
construction from water sources should period
be 200 meters
Contamination Vehicle maintenance and Throughout Contractor DRL and SPCB
from fuel and refuelling will be confined construction
lubricants to areas in construction period
camps designed to contain
spilled lubricants and
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IMPLEMENTI
NG RESPONSIBLE
IMPACTS MITIGATION MEASURES TIME FRAME
ORGANISAT ORGANISATION
ION
fuels. Waste petroleum
and lubricants must be
collected stored and taken
to proper disposal sites, as
per GOI laws.
Sanitation and Provision of garbage bins During Contractor DRL & DMC
Waste Disposal and sanitation facilities in construction
in Construction the construction site.
Site Waste in septic tanks will
be cleared periodically.
Garbage will be collected
in a tank and disposed of
daily.
Quarrying pits Quarrying shall be carried During Contractor DRL and SPCB
at licensed quarries only. construction

Equipment Construction plants and During Contractor DRL and SPCB

Selection, equipment will meet construction
maintenance emission standards and
and operation will be maintained and
operated in a manner that
ensures relevant air and
noise standards.
SOIL
Soil Erosion and
In slopes, trees and grass During Contractor DRL and SPCB
Soil should be planted If construction
Conservation existing irrigation and
drainage system are
damaged, they will be
rebuilt by suitable
methods.
Loss of Arable lands should not be During Contractor DRL and SPCB
agricultural used as earth borrowing. If construction
topsoil needed, the topsoil (15
cm) will be kept and
refilled after excavation is
over to minimise the
impact on productive
lands.
Compaction of Construction vehicles During Contractor DRL and SPCB
Soil should operate within the construction
Corridor of alignment to
avoid damaging soil and
vegetation.
FLORA AND FAUNA
Loss of trees Trees removed due to During Forest DRL and Forest
Department
and Avenue project will be replaced construction Department
Plantation according to
Compensatory
afforestation Guidelines of
forest Department.

Fauna Construction workers During Forest DRL and Forest

should be told to protect construction Department Department
natural resources and wild
animals. Hunting would
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IMPLEMENTI
NG RESPONSIBLE
IMPACTS MITIGATION MEASURES TIME FRAME
ORGANISAT ORGANISATION
ION
be prohibited.

OPERATION PHASE
Vegetation Local (indigenous) tree Immediately Contractor DRL
species will be planted at after
lower and upper terminal construction,
where open the space
would be available.
Air Pollution Enforce Pollution Under During Contractor DRL
Control (PUC) Programs. Operation /Monitoring
Monitor air pollution at agency
critical points

Noise The DG Set will be During Contractor DRL

installed at lower and Operation /Monitoring
upper terminal with agency
acoustic sound
enclosures. Noise
monitoring during
operation.
Vibration Foundation of DG set will During - DRL
be designed to cause Operation
minimum vibration.
WATER
Storm Water The natural nallah will be During Contractor DRL
Drainage checked for their Operation
System obstruction of water
course and flooding and
will be cleared immediately
wherever required
Water supply Water requirement met by During Contractor DRL & DMC
and Waste HPIPH and waste Operation
Water disposal generated will be treated at
STP by Municipal
Corporation of
Sharamshala
FAUNA
Collision with No collision with major During Contractor DRL
animals and faunal species but collision Operation/Co
Birds with birds, with provision of nstruction
first aid.
Air and noise Ropeway will be operated During Contractor DRL
disturbances with proper operation and Operation/Co
maintenance to have nstruction
minimal noise level.
No Air pollution due to
operation of aerial
ropeways since it will be
operated through
electricity. During power
cut, generator will be used
at lower and upper
terminal.

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6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

EMP contains a set of mitigation measures for negative environmental impacts through: a)
changes in the design, construction practices, maintenance, and operation; and b) additional
actions taken to protect the biophysical and social environment, as well as individuals who
have been impacted adversely by a project. The extent and timing of mitigate actions are
based on the significance of the predicted impacts. In the proposed project some aspects of
impact mitigation are incorporated into project design which has largely resolved the threat
of impacts before construction commences. However, many mitigation measures require
implementation during construction and operation phase to ensure that proposed actions are
carried out at the correct times. Based on Project Description (Chapter - 2), Environmental
Baseline Data (Chapter - 4) and Environmental Impacts (Chapter - 5), the environmental
management plans to be adopted at stages like pre construction, construction and operation
phases are presented below.

6.3 PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE

The pre-construction measures need to be incorporated in the planning process. Some of

these shall be included in design and budgeted for.

6.3.1 Forest and Wildlife Management

a) Compensatory Afforestration

The detailed scheme of Compensatory afforestation to be carried out in lieu of 1.6958 Ha of

forest area, to be diverted for the construction of ropeway from Dharamshala to macleodganj
in kangra district of Himachal Pradesh. The details of degraded forest land /non forest land is
given below. The land of 3.5 Ha Given for compensatory afforestation located in village
Kareri, tehsil shahpur and district Kangra. It is situated in Dharamshala forest division and
Dharamshala range. It is found in Block/Compartment/Survey No.P40K-CB-Kareri, C-17,
to be Afforested in 3.5 Ha. The technical details of compensatory afforestation are given in
Table 6.2. The amount is inclusive of the maintenance of the plantation for seven years. The
rate of CA is Rs. 168882 /Ha .the land allotted for CA is 3.5 Ha. So the total amount required
for compensatory afforestation is Rs. 591087, as per the following technical specifications.
The detail of compensatory afforestation is given in Annexue-6.1.

TABLE 6.2
THE TECHNICAL DETAILS OF THE COMPANSATORY AFFORESTRATION
a) General details Area for compensatory Afforestration in Salli beat &
Block Kareri, Dharamshala Range in 40-K-CB-Kareri,
C-17 Area 3.5 Ha.
b) Spacing 2.5 m x2.5 m
c) Species Ban, Deodar, Akhnor& Chil etc
d) Plantation method By pits 30cm & 45 cm
e) Soil & moisture Check dam/Retaining walls/Vegetative check dam
conservation works
f) Protection (Fencing Fencing watchman, people participation etc. and
watch man, Peoples fencing 5 stand B/Wire interlacing with thorny bushes
participation etc.)
g) Proposed monitoring Proper inspection of the area by field staff & officers of
Mechanism: the department
Manually
h) Any other N.A.
information

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b) Net present value

The net present value of the 1.6958 Ha of forest land diverted comes in Eco Value Class-V
& the density of the approximately 0.5 which shows very dense forest. The document name
(Revision of rates of NPV applicable for different class/category of forests- November
2014) was referred for calculating the NPV. The rate of NPV as per the decision of the
supreme court of India, dated 23/03/2008.so the NPV value of 1.6958 Ha of forest land
diverted is Rs. 1592356. The detail of Net Present Value (NPV) is given in Annexure 6.2.

The objective of the Forest management should be to develop natural areas in which
ecological functions could be maintained on sustainable basis. The Department of Forests is
responsible for the conservation, maintenance and management of trees/forests/wildlife in
the project area for which a total amount of Rs 2183443 - (Twenty one lakh eighty three
thousand, four hundred and forty three rupees only) will be transferred to CAMPA Fund
for forest land diversion from Forest as per the details described in Table 6.3.

TABLE 6.3
DIVERSION OF LAND FROM FOREST DEPARTMENT
Sl No. Particulars Cost In Remarks
Rs
1. Raising and maintaining the 591087 DFO, dharmashala
compensatory afforestation FP/HP/OTHERS/17318/201
(CA) on 1.6958 Ha of degraded 5
Forest Land
2. Net Present Value of Forest 1592356 The rate of NPV, as per the
Area diverted decision of the supreme
court of India, dated
23/03/2008.
Total 2183443 Twenty one lakh eighty
three thousand, four
hundred and forty three
rupees only)

6.3.2 Energy Conservation Measures

Energy conservation measures are often the easiest, quickest and cheapest way to reduce
costs and implement environmentally pro-active energy conservation program both on
energy demand and supply. The amount of energy used for lighting varies from industry to
industry, but typically, lighting accounts for approximately 50% of the electrical load in office
building. By having an understanding of the lamps, ballasts, luminaries and control options
available today as well as the techniques used to develop efficient lighting, lighting can be
produced that is energy efficient, cost effective and yields a high quality of light.

An improvement in lighting efficiency would be adopted in the building/ terminal stations with
measures as:

Ø The most efficient lamp for the purpose, taking into account size, shape, colour and
output of the lamp.
Ø The high-efficiency spectacular reflectors or high-efficiency luminaries.
Ø Automatic control systems - installation of (a) timer circuits that switch lamps off
during room vacancy times, (b) photoelectric sensors that sense the amount of
daylight in the room and either switch lamps on or off or adjust the lamp brightness
accordingly and (c) occupancy sensors that switch lamps off when work stations are
unoccupied.

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Ø Localized switching - installing localized switches near work stations to control local
lighting.
Ø Lighting design - (a) design lighting systems that maximize the use of daylight and (b)
introducing local task lights (e.g. desks lights), allowing a reduction in general
overhead lighting.
Ø Maintenance schedule - setting up a maintenance schedule to clean and replace
lamps on a regular basis.
Ø Promoting employees awareness on energy conservation
Ø Training staff on methods of energy conservation and to be vigilant to such
opportunities

6.3.3 Construction Material Management

The construction material to be used for construction of Ropeway are coarse aggregates,
cement, coarse sand, reinforcement steel, structural steel, etc. The duties of the contractor
will include monitoring all the aspects of construction activities like storing, loading&
unloading of construction materials and equipment in order to maintain the quality of
environment. During the construction period, the construction material storage site is to be
regularly inspected for the presence of uncontrolled construction waste. Close liaison with
the site in charge and the head of the construction crew will be required to address any
environmental issues and to set up procedures for mitigating the impacts. The scheduling of
material procurement and transport shall be linked with construction schedule of the project
The Contractor shall be responsible for management of construction material during entire
construction period of the project. Sufficient quantity of materials should be available before
starting of an activity. The contractor should test all the materials in the Government
laboratories or Government approved laboratories in order to ensure the quality of materials
before construction. The quantity of construction material and machinery are discussed in
Section 2.5 of Chapter 2.

6.3.4 Borrow area Management

No borrow land will be required for the project site development since cutting and filling
activities will serve the purpose of of preparing the site. Following measures should be taken
during cutting and filling:

Ø The outer layer of earth will be removed before cutting and filling operations.
Ø The upper layer will be preserved for use after cutting and filling as layer for growing
vegetation and grass turfing.
Ø The loose soil will be well compacted to avoid the soil erosion.

6.3.5 Provision for Green Building

In accordance with the GRIHA (version 2015) norms, the following measures shall be
implemented to a feasible degree in the terminal and parking locations.

Ø Low impact design:

· Control annual Heat Gain through favourable orientation and design of facades
· Use of trees to control heat gain
· Site planning according to contours
· Site plan designed to preserve existing vegetation/ existing water bodies /other
topographical features like boulders etc.
· Manage storm water on site through rain water harvesting

Mitigate heat island effect: building surface visible to sky is shaded by trees etc
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Site imperviousness: Post-construction SWD is zero (ground water recharge)

Air and water pollution control during construction:

· Covering of fine aggregate and excavated earth on site with plastic/geotextile

sheets
• Water sprinkling on fine aggregate (sand) and excavated earth
• All diesel gensets on site to have proper chimneys with their outlet facing away from
the site
· Develop and implement a spill prevention plan (to control effects of spill from
hazardous materials like bitumen, diesel etc.) on site

Preserve and protect landscape during construction:

Ensure that no existing mature tree is cut on site OR transplant mature trees within the site
and ensure they survive OR Plant 3 trees for every 1 tree cut of the same native/naturalized
species OR any combination of these for all mature trees on site

Preserve top soil during construction; maintain its fertility (during construction phase) and
use for landscape post-construction

Construction management:

• Adopt strategies to prevent/reduce movement of soil (not top soil) outside the site
through adoption of various strategies (like soil erosion channels, sedimentation
control etc.)
· Adopt strategies to manage water during construction
• Using gunny bags for curing and using ponding for curing
• Monitoring to avoid leaks and water wastage
• Use of additives to reduce water requirements during curing
• Use of treated waste water/captured storm water
• A construction waste management plan for segregation of construction waste, its safe
storage and on-site/off-site recycling

Energy efficiency: Ensure outdoor lighting fixtures (lamps + lamp housing) meet the
luminous efficacy requirements

Renewable energy utilization: On-site/Off-site renewable energy system installation to

offset a part of the annual energy consumption of internal artificial lighting systems

Low ODP materials: Ensure use of materials in building insulation, refrigeration equipment
and fire fighting systems with low ozone depleting potential.

Indoor comfort: The intent of this criterion is to ensure that the building spaces are
designed to deliver visual, thermal and acoustical comfort to building occupants in terms of
Shading of windows, daylight access, thermal comfort, indoor noise levels

Indoor Air Quality: To ensure design and monitoring of ventilation systems such that indoor
air quality meets the minimum requirements, as recommended in the standards.

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Low-VOC paints and adhesives: Promote use of low-VOC and lead-free interior paints as
well as low-VOC adhesives and sealants in order to maintain good indoor air quality for the
project occupants.

Reduce landscape water demand: Promote the planting of native/naturalized flora and use
of water efficient irrigation system to reduce the demand for landscape water.

Water Quality: Ensuring quality of water available for use during building operation is
important from two perspectives – Overall hygiene for building occupants as well as
longevity of plumbing systems. It is also important to ensure that the water being discharged
from the site meets the relevant disposal norms. Water used for various purposes like
drinking, irrigation etc. shall conform to the BIS standards

STP and Facilities for recycle /reuse of water: The provision of STP and Facilities for
recycle /reuse of water are recommended where, total waste water generated is 10KLD or
above. However Sewer line is available about 10 m from the LTP and UPT. Therefore STP
and recycle/reuse are not proposed.

Rainwater recharge: To promote the recharge of groundwater aquifers.

Sustainable building materials: To promote use BIS recommended wastes (such as fly
ash, blast furnace slag etc.), having properties similar to conventional construction materials
for building construction. These being low embodied energy materials as well as waste
products, reduce the need for virgin materials in the building structure and help divert waste
from landfills. If economical it shall be implemented.

Use of low environmental impact materials for interiors: To promote installation of low
environmental impact materials in the building

Stones from India, Composite wood based products, manufactured products with at least 5%
recycled content, products with water footprint (cradle to gate) analyzed and published as
per ISO 14046, false ceilings/internal partitions/paneling/in-built furniture/flooring/internal
door & window panels & frames.

Avoided post-construction landfill: To provide infrastructure to future occupants of the

project so that they can sustainably manage on-site solid waste during operation phase.

• Provide infrastructure (multi-coloured dustbins/different garbage chutes) to ensure

segregation of waste at source

• Provide dedicated, segregated and hygienic storage spaces in the project site to store
different wastes before treatment /recycling

• Provide contractual tie-ups with waste recyclers for safe recycling for recyclable wastes like
metal, paper, plastic, glass etc.

Treat organic wastes on site: To promote recycling and reuse of organic waste on site.
Implement strategies to treat all organic (kitchen and landscape) waste on-site and to
convert it into a resource (manure, biogas etc).

The provision to treat organic wastes on site is recommended where total waste generated
is 100 Kg/day or above. However arrangement is place with local municipal authority for

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collecting and disposal waste to Dharamshala Landfill site, which is about 1.0 km away from
LTP. Therefore treat organic wastes on site is not proposed.

Labour safety and sanitation: To ensure safe, healthy and hygienic working & living
conditions for construction workers working in the project.

• Ensure compliance with the NBC (2005) safety norms for providing the necessary safety
equipment and measures for construction workers – Mandatory
• Ensure provisions for drinking water, hygienic working & living conditions and sanitation
facilities shall be provided for the workers – Mandatory
• Provide a crèche facility for children of construction workers

Design for universal accessibility: To promote adoption of measures in the project to

make it universally accessible.

• Compliance with National Building Code norms on Requirements for Planning of Public
Buildings Meant for Use of Physically Challenged

Dedicated facilities for service staff: To promote provision of resting spaces and toilets
dedicated for project’s service staff.: resting rooms, toilets,

Increase in Environmental awareness: to create awareness on sustainability amongst the

building users & visitors.

A provision for solar power system installation and rain water harvesting system is Rs. 20
lakhs and 5 lakhs respectively.

6.3.6 Rehabilitation and Resettlement of the Project

No resettlement and rehabilitation of specific population is required as the project has no

direct adverse impacts on any pocket of population except a section of taxi and auto
operators, who claims that their business may be affected when the ropeway shall be
operational. No private land and property is acquired. No squatters, encroacher and kiosk
have been found on the land identified for the proposed project purpose. So, the observation
concludes no significant impacts on population in general.

6.3.6.1 Compensation for Land

No acquisition of private land for the proposed ropeway is identified. However, 1.69.58 ha
forestland and 00.19.53 ha of government of Himachal Pradesh have been identified to be
used for different purposes of the project such as upper terminal, towers and right of way.
The land identified for these purposes shall be transferred to the government of Himachal
Pradesh / Dharamshala Ropeway Limited. The compensation for land transfer shall be paid
to the concerned department as per the existing rules for land value compensation of the
Himachal Pradesh.

6.3.6.2 Compensation for House Building

No compensation shall be paid for any structures as no private structures are identified to be
affected under the activities identified for the project. No structures were identified either on
the forest or on the state government land.

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6.3.6.3 Compensation for Crops

No agricultural land is being acquired, so no compensation is estimated to be paid for the

purpose. However, in the project area the main crop is paddy / maize.

6.4 CONSTRUCTION STAGE

Construction of project involves transport of materials, construction of civil, mechanical and

electrical works which are discussed in previous chapters for their quantity and impacts on
environment. Negative impacts due to construction of the projects are mitigated by using
available tools and techniques as discussed in following paragraphs.

6.4.1 Air Pollution & Dust Control measures

During construction period the impacts on air quality are mainly due to the material
movement and the construction activities. Due to loading/unloading and stocking of
construction material, the air quality in the immediate influence area will be affected and the
pollution levels in ambient air would be increased, though, not in significant levels. The
emissions from DG sets, construction equipment and vehicles may deteriorate the air quality
in the area. In order to reduce the dust emissions due to material transport and construction
activities following measures need to be taken:

Ø Provisions will be made for sprinkling of water where earth filling and excavation is
being carried out. It will be ensured that the construction debris is removed daily.
Ø Idling of delivery trucks or other equipment wherever useful will not be permitted
during periods of unloading or when they are not in active use.
Ø Vehicles carrying construction material shall be covered to avoid spilling
Ø Low emission construction equipments will be used wherever possible and all the
machineries/equipments used will adhere to the standard emission norms.
Ø Water sprinkling at the construction site as per requirement

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Ø The work schedule and the operation time for construction machinery shall be
suitably modified and have limited construction activity to exercise a control on
ambient air quality standards.
Ø All stationary machines / DG sets emitting the pollutants shall be inspected frequently
for maintenance and should be fitted with exhaust pollution control devices.
Ø In no case, loose earth will be allowed to pile up along the approach roads.
Ø As soon as the construction activity is over the surplus earth should be utilized to fill
up the low-lying areas, if any.

6.4.2 Noise Control Measures

Noise control measures is discussed in Section 5.5.1. The ropeway project is located in
Reserved Forest and construction is at two terminals and at trestle locations. A temporary
fencing at the two terminals and at trestle locations will be made prior to start of construction
work. The fencing will be such that it act as noise barrier also so that impact on wildlife would
be minimized. This measure is in addition to the use of low noise construction equipment
and machinery.

6.4.3 Water Supply and Sanitation

About 100 workers will be working at site during peak construction. Water demand during
construction for labours is estimated about 4.5 KLD which will be supplied from existing
water supply source line of the HPIPH, which is10m away from LTP and UTP. The Waste
water generated will be 3.6 KLD. This waste water will be managed by providing sanitation
facility at lower and upper terminal by joining the existing Sewer Line, which is10m away
from LTP and UTP. In addition to this, mobile toilet facility will be provided for the labour
working in the ropeway corridor for construction of trestles and erectioning of ropeways. The
estimated cost towards water supply and sanitation facilities during construction phase is
estimated as Rs 5.00 Lakhs.

6.4.4 Oil Spill control/Management

During construction and operation of project, vehicles and equipments generate oil waste,
which are likely to spoil the natural environment. These oil spills may enter in the runoff,
which ultimately contaminate the soil and natural drains. To control the oil spill during
construction stage of the project following measures should be taken:

Ø Good housekeeping
Ø Routine checkup of construction machineries and equipments
Ø Temporary cement/metal platform will be provided below the construction
machineries and at maintenance site to capture the spill.
Ø These platforms should be at sufficient height to avoid the littering
Ø Conducting routine inspections to ensure proper functioning of machineries/
equipments.
Ø Oil and grease removal trap will be provided for a cost of Rs 2.5 Lakhs.

6.4.5 Solid Waste Management

Solid Waste / Refuse include many different substances such as garbage, rubbish,
sweepings and food waste. Health problem may arise since some of the refuse is attractive
to insects and rodents. Refuse disposal program should include storage, collection and
disposal. Solid waste generated during construction will be 10.0 Kg/day. The solid waste
generated shall have adequate collection, conveyance and disposal facilities and will be
disposed along with existing collection and disposal system of Dhraramshla Municipal

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Corporation Disposal Site. The prhotograph of disposal system and disposal site are given at
Figure 6.1 and 6.2.

FIGURE 6.1
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL SYSYTEM OF DHARAMSHALA

FIGURE 6.2
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL SITE OF DHARAMSHALA

Collection containers of about 20 liters capacity fitted with side handles to facilitate handling
shall be provided. The location of placing the containers shall be such that it is convenient
for labor to use them. To avoid odour and accumulation of fly-supporting materials, waste
containers should be washed at frequent intervals. Following measures shall be adopted for
management of solid waste:

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Ø Inorganic waste shall be segregated and kept in different heaps as far as possible so
that their further gradation and reuse is facilitated.
Ø Material which can be recycled and reused for the purpose of construction shall be
kept in separate heaps from those, which are to be sold or disposed off.
Ø Clearly label all such waste containers with the waste being stored and the date of
generation.
Ø Educate employees and sub-contractors on waste storage and disposal procedures.

The collection, segregation and disposal of solid waste generated during construction will be
managed by putting a system in place for which a provision of Rs 10 Lakhs is kept.

6.4.6 First Aid Health System

Health problems of the workers should be taken care of by providing basic health care
facilities. All necessary first aid and medical facilities will be provided to the workers. The
provision and maintenance of suitably equipped first aid facility throughout the extent of the
works has to be borne by the contractor who shall be responsible for welfare arrangements
and requirements to the satisfaction of the Supervision Consultant and Site Engineer.

6.4.7 Training

The training programmes need to be conducted for officers of project developer and
contractors. These programmes should also be extended for the workers for their active
participation in the project implementation. Apart from training, such programmes should
include guidelines for safety, measures of disaster prevention, action required in case of
emergency, fire protection, environmental risk etc. The cost involved for such a programme
is presented in Table 6.4.

TABLE 6.4
COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING PROGRAMMES
Sr. No. ITEM COST (Rs)
1 15 days training during construction period 1,50,000
2 Demonstration/presentation aids 25,000
3 Transportation and Miscellaneous 25,000
TOTAL 2,00,000

6.4.8 Soil Erosion Control

The cutting and filling operations may lead to erosion due to loosening of topsoil. The
excavation of construction materials may alter the topography and may also lead to soil
erosion. Temporary erosion/sedimentation and pollution control measures will be used to
control the phenomenon of erosion, sedimentation and pollution that may develop during
normal construction practices. The soil erosion at construction site can be minimized by
following measures:

Ø Construction will not be carried out during monsoon.

Ø Erosion control measures such as ramming of topsoil immediately after the
excavation and provision of silt control measures to minimize soil erosion.
Ø Ensure that no soil is left unconsolidated before completion of work at the site.
Ø Construction material shall be procured from the licensed material supplier.
Ø The excavated earth debris will be transported immediately to the disposal site and
no accumulation shall be allowed at construction site.
Ø Soil erosion can also be controlled by efficient storm water management.

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6.5 OPERATION STAGE

6.5.1 Air Pollution Control

During Operation Phase, the major sources of air pollution are from DG sets and vehicular
movement. Control measures to reduce the pollutant emissions from vehicular movement
and DG sets are as follows.

Ø Greenbelt is one of the preferred methods to mitigate air pollution. Plants serve as a
sink for pollutants, act as a barrier to break the wind speed as well as allow the dust
and other particulates to settle out there. It also helps to reduce the noise level to
some extent. The project site Reserved Forest which is having good
plantations/vegetations.
Ø Good quality fuel with low sulphur content should be used in DG sets.
Ø Periodic maintenance of DG sets as per defined schedule of manufacturer.
Ø These DG Sets shall be provided with stack having recommended height.

6.5.2 Water Supply and Sanitation

During operation of the Ropeway project the water requirement for staff, security and
passenger would be 98.7 KLD which will be supplied through HPIPH. A provision of Rs
15.00 Lakh will be required towards development of water supply system. The wastewater
generation from all the activities during operation phase shall be 78.96 KLD.

This waste water will be managed by providing sanitation facility at lower and upper terminal
by joining the existing Sewer Line, which is10m away from LTP and UTP.

6.5.3 Solid waste disposal

The solid waste generated will be 246.0 kg per day. The solid waste will be managed
systematically and scientifically through Solid Waste Management system. As per the
anticipated activities, no hazardous waste will be generated due to operation of ropeway and
tourism facilities.

The solid waste generated shall have adequate collection, conveyance and disposal facilities
and will be disposed along with existing collection and disposal system of Dhraramshla
Municipal Corporation Disposal Site.

The collection, segregation and disposal of solid waste generated during construction will be
managed by putting a system in place for which a provision of Rs 20 Lakhs is kept.

6.5.4 First Aid Health System

All necessary first aid and medical facilities will be provided at Lower and Upper terminals.
The provision and maintenance of suitably equipped first aid facility has to be borne by the
Dharamshala Ropeway Limited.

6.5.5 Green Belt

The greenbelt will be developed around the terminal buildings which not only functions as
landscape but also acts as pollution sink / noise barrier. In addition to augmenting present
vegetation, it will also check soil erosion, make the ecosystem more diversified and
functionally more stable, make the climate more conducive and restore balance. A provision
for green belt at lower and upper terminal is kept Rs. 1.0 Lakhs.

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6.5.6 Community Development Program (CDP)

The project uses land and people of the local society. It affects the availability of local
resources. In response to that provide employment to the people living in the project area.
However many are left out and could avail the benefits extended to the local groups by the
project proponent. Keeping in view the social dimensions of the project, a comprehensive
Community Development Program (CDP) has been envisaged for the project as
described below.

Objectives of the CDP

The basic objectives of the program shall be:

· Generate a sense of affinity and own ness, not alienation, among the people living
within the project area.

· Initiate changes that are made and perceived for betterment of the area and the
society.

· Special support shall be extended in up gradation of infrastructure, if required.

· Focus on weaker section, old aged and women of the society and gender equality.

· Acknowledge constructive role of the local population through improving education

imparting.

· Involve local groups in the CDP so as to ensure acceptability of the project.

· Ensure the participation of the local people at every stage from planning through
implementation and to keep them abreast, educated and informed about the
program.

Methodology

The CDP shall aim to have a specific community development program for the project-
affected area, in which the following steps shall be involved:
· Identification of People Requires Need: For the purpose of extending benefit of
CDP, identify people those who wants help to grow.
·
· Establishment of “participative mechanisms”: The in-charge of the project shall
identify the people/families and discuss their individual requirements and plan a
support mechanism for assistance, motivate and facilitate in consultation of advisory
nominated of two members- one each women member of the local administration
and on by the project authorities.

Proposed Works under CDP : Based on the individual need in the project area, Consultant
has identified few area of thrust that can improve the condition of the project area as well as
the people. The identified area will improve the capacity of people for livelihood earnings and
develop the infrastructure for better living in the region.

Livelihood Enhancement Works: Depending upon the needs, plantation of the medicinal
plants could be undertaken in collaboration with the concerned department to enhance
livelihood earning and make people competent, if anyone found to get the support for such

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plantations within the passage of the RoW. The need shall be assessed by the committee
constituted for the works. Once the committee finds it essential, the plan shall be discussed
with beneficiaries and accordingly support shall be decided.

· Horticulture and Medicinal Plants: The works under this sub-head shall be support
for growing fruit trees and medicinal plants.

A budgetary provision of Rs. 1.50 Lakhs shall be made available for this purpose.

Gender Support: Women folk shall be kept in the center stage in program implementation
so that they can play an active role in socio-economic development of the area. The
committee constituted in consultation with the beneficiaries shall identify the requirements of
the gender issues. The group shall plan and estimate budget for parts of the works. An
estimated budgetary provision of Rs. 1.00 lakh shall be made for this purpose.

Infrastructure Development Support: Works like toilet, approach road to the human
settlements, renovation for community-building etc. shall come under this head and an
estimated budgetary provision of Rs. 12.50 lakhs has been kept for this head. The
constituted committee in consultations with the beneficiaries shall decide the plan and
estimates for the works. The budget allocated for this head shall be used to benefits
maximum populations within the project impacts area.

Education Assistance: Education is important to the local society and it plays an important
role in capacity building for the people. If younger generation gets education, it will supply
skilled and educated manpower to the economy growth and also earn employment for own
in better ways. A provision of Rs. 5.00 lakhs has been made for education assistance
program. The budget shall be used to upgrade school building, class room materials,
support to attract children to the class room and reduce lack luster condition of the class
room. The constituted committee shall decide the plan and cost in consultations with
beneficiaries.

CDP COST ESTIMATE: The estimated budget for livelihood enhancement works, gender
support, infrastructure development support, education assistance under community
development program is kept Rs. 20.00 Lakhs (Rs. Twenty Lakhs Only). The amount shall
be used through need assessment and requirement basis.
6.6 EPILOGUE
After incorporation of environmental management plans, the environmental sustainability will
be further improved. In a nutshell, it could be concluded that the project is environmentally
sustainable and eco-friendly. The most of the mitigation measures for the construction phase
impacts will form the part of tender documents. The responsibility for their compliance thus
would be binding for the prospective contractor as per the contract condition. The overall
responsibility for implementation and monitoring of mitigation measures will, however, rest
with the Project Implementation Unit (PIU). Risk Analysis and Disaster Management Plan for
safe operation of Ropeway will be suggested in the subsequent chapter.

*****

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CHAPTER 7
RISK ASSESSMENTAND MITIGATION MEASURE

7.1 GENERAL

A methodology is developed to determine the nature and extent of risk by analyzing potential
hazards and evaluating existing conditions of vulnerability that could pose a potential threat or
harm to people, property, livelihoods and the environment on which they depend. Risk
assessments include detailed Quantitative and Qualitative understanding of risk, its physical,
social, economic and environmental factors and consequences. It is a necessary first step for
any serious consideration of disaster reduction strategies.

Risk assessment encompasses the systematic use of available information to determine the
likelihood of certain events occurring and the magnitude of their possible consequences. As a
process, it is generally agreed that it includes:

Ø Identifying the nature, location, intensity and probability of a threat;

Ø Determining the existence and degree of vulnerabilities and exposure to those threats;
Ø Identifying the capacities and resources available to address or manage threats; and
Ø Determining acceptable levels of risk.

7.2 RISK

Risk is the probability that a substance or situation will produce harm under specified condition.
Risk may be defined as:

Ø The probability of an event to occur

Ø The probability of a toxic substance to be released by an event.
Ø The probability of the adverse effects due to exposure of individual population, eco
system or other factors to the harmful substance or material.

7.2.1 Risk Assessment

It is Quantitative or Qualitative analysis of the hazard and risk. It estimates the severity and
likelihood of harm to any human life and the environment.

Risk assessment is the use of the factual base to define health effects of exposure of individual
or population to hazard material and situations. It is the identification of main hazard and
unsafe practices in Ropeway and required preventive or remedial action. Risk Assessment
framework are given in the Figure 7.1

Ø Assessment of Structure (geographical/functional/process/flow)

Ø Identify Hazards and Risk based on information collected
Ø To monitor and audit management policies, procedures and performance to secure
safety in work place
Ø Requirement of safety legislation and guidance
Ø Preparation of safety policies
Ø To identify potential problems
Ø To investigate accidents
Ø Record the assessment
Ø Measurement the effectiveness of action
Ø To prevent undesired accidents
Ø To prepare reports
Ø Monitor and Review the program of Risk assessment

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FIGURE 7.1
RISK ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK

RISK Estimation RISK Evaluation

RISK Identification Public Preferences

Ø Physical
Ø Revealed
Ø Psychological
Ø Expressed
Ø Social

Risk Quantification Formal Analysis

Ø Planned Operation Ø Decision

Ø Unplanned Operation Ø Cost Benefit
Ø Utility Theory

Political

Historical Risk Management

Strategies
Background

Risk Management

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7.2.2 Risk Characteristics

It includes the estimation of health risk associated with the process under investigation. The
result of this characteristic is a number that represents the probability of adverse health effects
from that accident or operation of Ropeway.

7.2.3 Risk Management

Risk management uses information from risk identification and risk assessment along with the
information of technical resources, social economic value and information to reduce and control
any identified hazard. It also involves design and implementation of policies and strategies
resulting from decision making process.

7.2.4 Risk Communication

Risk communication is the exchange of information between the general public and the
concerned authority about the risk perceived and to reduce, control, and prevent accident. Risk
communication can be done with the detailed information detail information of the assessed
risk which is documented and forwarded to staff and responsible person. Signs and symbols
can be put up to prevent illegal entry into unsafe areas.

7.2.5 Risk Assessment Methodology

Risk assessment is an appraisal of both the kinds and degree of threat posed by an
environmental hazard. Such appraisal includes the recognition of hazard, the measurement of
threat and understanding of the social meaning of such measurements. There is a need for
preliminary practice of hazard identification before more and detailed appraisal takes place.
There is also a need to broaden the concept to estimate and evaluate. The estimates of the
likelihood of risk may relate to an event, to its consequences or both. Risk estimation may
include quantified estimates of probability or non quantified probabilistic estimates and these
may reveal intuited or exploited from experience. Social evaluation of risk may seek to avoid
some risk at all cost, balance (benefit-risk) and with other cost (Cost - Benefit). The five stages
of Risk Assessment are given in the Figure 7.2.
FIGURE 7.2
THE FIVE STAGES OF RISK ASSESSMENT

Hazard Identification

Consequence analysis Frequency analysis

Risk Evaluation

Acceptance criteria

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· Hazard

A hazard is defined as a "Condition, event, or circumstance that could lead to or contribute to

an unplanned or undesirable event." Seldom does a single hazard cause an accident. More
often, an accident occurs as the result of a sequence of causes. A hazard analysis will consider
system state for its failures or malfunctions.

Nature has gifted human beings with power and means to negotiate distances and heights.
Machines made their task easy and fast. Aerial ropeway is one such exclusive and simple
mechanical system, which facilitates transport of man and material over difficult and abnormal
terrain bringing about comparative ease and economy vis-à-vis other means of transport

· Hazard Identification

Hazard identification and risk assessment is a continual process. It is performed to identify

whatever could cause injury, damage, ill-health, financial loss and loss of reputation to the
organization. Hazard identification is an analysis to determine whether a risk agent under
plausible conditions would cause harm to population or the environment. Hazard identification
is an analysis which is in many ways a detailed study of operations and process, epidemiology,
ergonomics. Hazard identification and risk assessment (HIRA) Objectives are to,

ü Identify any thing that may cause injury, damage, ill-health]

ü Prioritize the risks in terms of urgency of required attentions

ü Discover preventive or mitigating actions that can be taken in each case

ü Create awareness in all concerned in each and every factor and activity that
may cause injury damage or ill health

ü Enhance decision making by brining all concerned and effected parties into the
HIRA process

ü Encourage employees to take ownership of their own safety in terms of

recognizing and reporting hazards and participating in the discovery and
implementations of the solutions that will prevent incidents or mitigate the
consequence

ü Build a team approach to Safety Health and Environment Management

· Risk Assessment

Determine which hazards are more serious than others, so you can start dealing with those
ones first. To assess the risk associated with hazards you have identified, ask the following
questions:

ü How likely is the hazard to cause harm to someone?

ü What is the worst possible damage the hazard could cause in terms of human
suffering and cost if you don't resolve the problem?

ü How many people are exposed to the risk? Sometimes it may be the amount
of time workers spend on an activity that creates the safety risk, rather than the
nature of the work task itself. Everyone is different. A hazard may also pose

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more risk to some people more than others because of differences in physical
strength, experience, training etc.

· Risk Control

Ø Identify the underlying cause of hazards and put measures in place to prevent a
recurrence of the risk

Ø Focus attention on the most urgent hazards, priorities the hazards using the risk
management matrix, understanding that some methods are more effective than others.
Use the highest-ranked control that is practicable for controlling risk, and only use the
lower-ranked controls as a last resort or until a more effective way of controlling risk can
be used. More than one control measure can be used to reduce the exposure to
hazards, which are follows

üEliminate the hazard

üSubstitute the hazard with a safer alternative

üIsolate the hazard

üUse engineering controls

üUse administrative controls

üUse personal protective clothing and equipment (PPCE)

· Review/Monitor-Evaluate the Results

Review your safety solutions regularly to make sure they are effective, and making sure your
controls do not introduce new hazards. To assess the success of your risk control methods:

ü Talk to the people involved and look at your centre injury/accident records.

ü Seek advice from those affected by the changes and consult with them Regarding any
modifications

ü Consider staff training needs, communicate with employers, managers, contractors and
workers work together as all parties in the workplace havea legal responsibility for
workplace health and safety

Risk assessment involves comparing likely exposure with likely effects. Both distributions are
represented hypothetically as symmetrical BUT THEY NEED NOT BE SO. Precise probability
effects could in principle, be computed from the extent of overlap of distribution. The main
reason to specify risk is that they can be managed. From the prospective of environment risk
assessment, decisions have to be taken about what to protect prior to an assessment being
carried out. Decisions have to be taken about to what level protection will be exercised so that
appropriate threshold levels can be defined. Management often involves balancing the
advantages to the environment and human health by different options and with their
consequences for other social benefits. The significant point is that risk is a function of two
parameters; the likelihood of an occurrence of undesired event and its consequences. The
procedure for Risk Assessment is given in the Figure 7.3.

Risk = f (Frequency x consequences)

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FIGURE 7.3
PROCEDURE FOR A RISK ASSESSMENT

Hazard Identification

Scope of Analysis

Describe the System Identify Scenarios

Estimate Frequencies and

Consequences of Hazards

Evaluate the Risk from Hazard

Evaluate Risk Levels against

Risk Criteria
criteria

Sensitivity Analysis

Modify the System to reduce

Risk

Quantified Risk Assessment

Final Decision Other Factors

Implement the Decision

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7.2.6 Safeguarding of passengers and personnel – risk assessment methodology

For new installations or relocations, a risk assessment shall be performed. The risk
assessment shall take into account the stage of development, intended use of the Passenger
Ropeway, anticipated skill and training of personnel, additional risk exposure and reasonably
foreseeable events or misuse. A number of methodologies are available to do a risk
assessment. Any method is acceptable which prescribes safeguarding equivalent to or more
stringent than the requirements of this annex. The risk assessment process shall be instituted
during the system planning/design phase and continue throughout the system construction,
operation, and decommissioning. The risk assessment process shall emphasize the prevention
of accidents by resolving hazards in a systematic manner as described below.

The hazard resolution process shall be initiated by defining the physical and functional
characteristics of the Passenger Ropeway system to be analyzed. These characteristics shall
be presented in terms of the people, procedures, facilities and equipment which are integrated
to perform a specific operational task or function within a specific environment.

The hazards shall be identified. The techniques and methods used to identify the hazards shall
include:

(1) Data from previous accidents or operating experience

(2) Expert opinion and hazard scenarios
(3) Checklists of potential hazards
(4) Previous hazard analyses
(5) Other analysis techniques as appropriate

All identified hazards shall be assessed in terms of the severity or consequence of the hazard
and the probability of occurrence. This shall be accomplished in general accordance with the
criteria outlined herein or equivalent.

Risk assessment estimates shall be used as the basis in the decision-making process to
determine whether individual system or subsystem hazards shall be eliminated, mitigated, or
accepted. Hazards shall be resolved through a design process that emphasizes the elimination
of the hazard. For all other hazard resolution strategies, or safeguards, the following hierarchy
of controls shall be employed, in order of effectiveness (most to least);

(1) Design by hazard elimination or substitution

(2) Engineered Safeguards
(3) Awareness means
(4) Administrative controls (Training and Procedures)
(5) Personal Protective Equipment
(6) Acceptance of the residual risk / Information for use concerning the residual risk

This process shall include full documentation of the hazard resolution activities. The
effectiveness of the safeguards shall be monitored to determine that no new hazards are
introduced. In addition, whenever substantive changes are made to the system, analyses shall
be conducted to identify and resolve any new hazards introduced.

Where risk mitigation techniques and safeguarding methods are previously prescribed by
various sections in this standard, the risk assessment shall serve as a method for determining
suitable application according to the “hierarchy of controls” as well as functional safety circuit
performance requirements as applicable. This method may be utilized to assess the
applicability of a safeguard according to variable conditions or characteristics for a particular
application which is shown in Figure 7.4.

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FIGURE 7.4
RISK ASSESSMENT FLOW CHART FOR LIMITS OF PASSENGER ROPEWAY INSTALLATION

Determination the Limits of the Passenger Ropeway Installation

Hazard Identification

Risk Estimation

Yes End
Is Risk Acceptable?
Or Go to Next
Hazard
No

Apply Risk Mitigation

Technique

Specify Safety
Is Risk Mitigated Yes Related Control
/Safety related Function with
control function? appropriate Risk
Reduction Level

No

Estimated Residual Risk

7.3 FIVE MAJOR PROBLEMS IN USE OF WIRE ROPES

Ø Unsafe: Wire breakage accidents caused by strength loss always exist in the use of
wire ropes. According to survey conducted by USA authority organization, 12% in-
service wire ropes in 8,000 wire rope users are in “extremely dangerous” situation.
Ø Diseconomy: Regular replacement of wire ropes causes huge waste. The statistics from
USA indicates that 70% of those compulsively replaced wire ropes have just little
strength loss.
Ø Inefficiency: Traditional visual inspection method costs more time and labor, and low
efficiency.

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Ø Unreliable: Manual inspection is not reliable and many hidden dangers cannot be
detected.
Ø Serious danger: Serious wire breakage accident inevitably caused serious damage.
According to statistics of State Administration Bureau of Safety Production Supervision
China, there were 1065 accidents related to wire rope breakage in Chinese coal mine
industry in year 2004 and 2005, causing 1142 persons dead. The most serious accident
caused 14 persons dead and 5 seriously wounded.

7.4 IDENTIFIED HAZARD

1. Cable slips out of the rails at the tower from the upper station can cause the carriages
to be knocked off. The accidents take place due to negligence.

2. Cabin loses its hold with the cable and collided with the another one cabin of ropeway
car and hit another on the way,

3. Hill collapses midway and trolleys are dangling in the air.

4. Power system failure

5. Collision with entering station: operator fails to slow the vehicle down upon entering the
station which causes collision of the ropeway car at the entering station

6. Holding capacity of Soil/Geology

7. Flood

8. Soil Erosion

9. Earthquake

10. Landslide

Figure 7.5, Pie chart showing probable percentage causes of accident in Ropeway.

FIGURE 7.5
PROBABLE PERCENTAGE CAUSES OF ACCIDENT IN ROPEWAY
8% 12% Cable slipped out of the rails

Cabin lost its hold with the cable

15% 8%
Hill collapsed midway and trolleys

Snapping of Rope wire

8%
Power system failure

12%
Collision with entering station:

Holding capacity of soil/Geology

37%

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7.5 CONSEQUENCES AND FREQUENCY ANALYSIS

Frequency (Probable
Cause of Hazard Consequences
Percentage)
Passenger death and
Cable slipped 12
material fall down
Cabin lost its hold with the Passenger death and
8
cable material fall down
Entire system fail and
Hill collapsed higher percentage of 8
death
Passenger death, and
Snapping of Rope wire 37
material fall down
Power system failure Delay in operation 12
Collision with entering
Small injury 15
station
Tower collapse &
Holding capacity of
passenger death/Material 8
soil/Geology
fall
100

7.6 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

In a regulatory context requirements for acceptance criteria are usually kept very general.
Basically, there are only qualitative definitions of the risk acceptability limit such as:

Ø The industrial activity should not impose any risks which can be reasonably avoided,
Ø The costs of avoiding risks should not be disproportionate to the benefits,
Ø The risks of catastrophic accidents should be a small in proportion of the total.

Risk contains, by definition, both the Probability of Failure (PoF) and Consequence of Failure
(CoF) aspects. For the regulatory perspective the introduction of the consequence element
enables a risk-based inspection or maintenance procedure to get acceptance by the
authorities.

Cause of Hazard Acceptance Criteria

Cable slipped High Risk
Cabin lost its hold with the cable High Risk
Hill collapsed High Risk
Snapping of Rope wire High Risk
Power system failure Low Risk
Collision with entering station Low Risk
Holding capacity of soil/Geology High Risk

A. Individual Risk

A formal definition of Individual Risk is expressed as the frequency at which an individual may
be expected to sustain a given level of harm from the realization of specific hazards. It is
usually taken to be the risk of death, and normally expressed as risk per year.

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Individual Risk is the risk experienced by a single individual in a given time period. It reflects
the severity of hazards and the amount of time the individual is in proximity to them. There are
typically three different types of Individual Risks:

Ø Location-Specific Individual Risk (LSIR):Risk for an individual who is present at a

particular location 24 hours a day, and 365 days a year. LSIR is not a realistic risk as
the individual does not usually remain at the same location all the time and is not
exposed to the same risk all the time.
Ø Individual-Specific Individual Risk (ISIR): Risk for an individual who is present at
different locations during different periods.ISIR is more realistic than LSIR.
Ø Average Individual Risk (AIR):AIR is calculated from historical data a number of
fatalities per year divided by the number of people at risk.

Individual Risks are also commonly expressed by means of the Fatal Accident Rate (FAR),
which is the number of fatalities per 108 hours of exposure. FARs are typically in the range
from 1 to 30, and are more convenient and more readily understandable than Individual Risks
per year.

B. Societal Risk

A formal definition of the Societal Risk is given in as the frequency and the number of people
suffering a given level of harm from the realisation of specified hazards. It usually refers to the
risk of death, and expressed as risk per year.

This expression of risk is useful to limit the risks of catastrophes affecting many people at one
time. Societal risks may be expressed as risk per year.

C. Area Risk

A third often-used measure of risk is the Area Risk. This measure is very useful when more
than one source contribute to the overall risk of certain geographical area.

D. Environmental Risk

Environmental Risk includes short term and long-term effects to the biosphere. Here the
affected area in m² (soil, ground and surface water) or the amount of released dangerous
substances to the environment per year can be an adequate measure. Due to the fact that
there are also financial aspects linked to the environmental risk, which can be measured in
money (like cleanup costs, penalties, negative media publicity, etc.), these are best covered
when evaluating the Economic Risk.

7.7 MITIGATION MEASURES

7.7.1 Design Verification

Aerial ropeways drawings are to be submitted to a recognized design verifier, before

fabrication, construction, inspection, testing and certification. Design verifier may be an
accredited inspection body, or, in-house recognized ISO 9001 designer’s quality management
system. These inspected drawings will include:

Ø Profiles of installation, specification particulars sheet, and rope specification details;

Ø Dimensioned drawings of main structural towers to show construction of top and bottom
terminals, bull wheels, sheave batteries and tensioning arrangements;
Ø Calculations for stress analysis of critical parts of the structure, showing magnitude and
direction of rope forces on all towers at the top and bottom terminal structures

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supporting the ropeway. The various individual loading conditions and factors from
which, the rope forces are derived and identified; and
Ø Design checks are carried out by recognized design verifiers are of structures and
equipment supporting the loads imposed by the ropeway system, e.g. terminal station
sheaves and support structures, towers, sheave batteries, and are in terms of factors of
safety.

7.7.2 Acceptance

While starting operation of a passenger ropeway is placed in, it shall be subjected to

commissioning inspection and testing. Thorough tests shall be made under loadings which
provide the most unfavorable conditions, where practicable. This shall include an operational
check of motive power, acceleration, deceleration, all brakes, all push-button stops, and all
automatic stops and limit switches, and all communication devices. Prior to acceptance tests
the passenger ropeway shall be run for a full day, and checked for overheating of moving parts,
excessive vibration or deflection, free movement of counterweights, etc.

7.7.3 Materials

Choice, quality testing, and use of materials for aerial ropeways shall be in accordance with the
appropriate Bureau of Indian Standard, noting that for load-bearing parts, including towers, and
drive and return terminal structures, the materials are to comply with the low temperature
impact properties for the minimum operating ambient site temperature. The design, details,
materials and construction features shall provide safety factors at least equivalent to those
specified of Indian Standard. The ropes used shall conform to the relevant Indian Standards.
(IS 7649)

As far as possible, all wire ropes shall be in single piece and of non-rotating construction.
Welded joints in the rope shall be spaced at least 6 times the pitch of the wire and their number
in 500 m length shall not exceed the number of wires in the wire rope.

7.7.4 Foundation of Towers

The foundations of either tensioning devices or those of the anchorage shall be either a
shallow foundation or deep foundation or founded on rock anchors. These foundations shall
be in accordance with IS 4091. For the structural safety against sliding, overturning and
for the footings at different levels provisions lay down in IS: 1904 shall apply. The depth of
footings and other provisions shall conform to the provisions laid down in the relevant Indian
Standards depending on the type of foundation. [Refer IS 1904, IS 1080, IS 2950, IS 11089,
IS 9456, IS 2911 (Part 1/Sec 1), IS 2911 (Part 1/Sec 2), IS 2911 (Part 1/Sec 3), IS 2911 (Part
1/Sec 4), IS 2911 (Part 3)] These foundations shall be in accordance with Code of Practice for
Design and Construction of Foundations for Transmission lines Towers and Poles IS 4091. For
the structural safety against sliding, overturning and for the footings at different levels
provisions lay down in IS 1904 shall apply.

Construction of structures be avoided on the steep and dip slopes. Light structures are
preferable where the structure will be founded on cohesion less material or in highly weathered
foundation rock. Weathered/shear portion be removed and treated by use of a thick mat of rein-
forced concrete or by providing thick cement base on fresh surface. Construction of civil
structures be avoided where water zones are available in the bed rock within foundation level.
In loose soil, exposed on steep slopes, structures be avoided and if un-avoidable, deep
foundation with protective works and drainage network is suggested. Easing of slopes, with
proper grading and buttress walls are also recommended. Constructions of big buildings are
preferable where topographic slopes would not exceed 250 Plate load tests are suggested to
ascertain the amount and type of settlement where heavy structures are to be constructed.

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7.7.5 Maximum Speed and Minimum Spacing between Cabin

The maximum speed of the Cabin at the station shall not be more than 1.5 m/s. The maximum
speed of the Cabins along the line may reach 5 m/s provided that the variation of speed on
account of the requirements of route alignment of the ropeways between two terminals. This
will not give rise to dangerous oscillations of Cabins.

In order to ensure the free movement of passengers and personnel in the station, the side
clearance between the spaces occupied by a Cabin and fixed obstacles belonging to the
installation shall not be less than 0.40 m measured towards the interior of the line.

Such clearance shall be 0.5 m measured towards the outside of the line. In case there are no
guides for Cabin, such clearance shall be maintained even when the vehicle is inclined
transversally at 12°.

Along the line the distance between the two paths of travel of the carrying-hauling rope shall
be such as to ensure a clearance of at least 0.5 m between Cabins swung by 12° towards one
another. Such clearance shall be required for spans having a length of not more than 200 m.
For longer spans; the clearance shall be increased by 0.20 m for each additional 100 m or
fraction thereof.

A minimum clearance of 0.30 m between the space occupied by a loaded vehicle swung
longitudinally by 15° and obstacles lying on the vertical longitudinal plane shall be ensured
either along the line or in the stations.

7.7.6 Wind Effects

The wind forces and their effects (static and dynamic) should be taken into account when
designing ropeways. The provisions mentioned in IS 875 (part 3), IS 802 (Part 1) - shall be
followed. The ropeway design shall also consider seismic loads in accordance with IS 1893.
In addition, other special loads in accordance with IS 875 (part 5) shall also be considered
while designing ropeway. The trestle shall be analyzed and designed for various load
combinations as per IS: 802

In areas subjected to storms and where the wind velocity exceeds frequently 150 km/h, it is
necessary to assume the pressure of the wind as the maximum value ascertained in the area
taken into consideration.

The tubes used in the hangers shall have no longitudinal welds and preferably seamless.
Their interior shall be protected against corrosion. If welded tubes are used, welding should be
checked by Non-Destructive Testing (NDT).

Aerial ropeways shall be closed down when the wind velocity reaches the design limit values,
as agreed by the design verifier, the lift manufacturer and the lift controller, for the particular
operating conditions and particular lift installation. For this purpose, suitable wind gauges like
anemometer shall be installed at appropriate locations to ascertain wind velocity.

7.7.7 Inspection and Testing of Aerial Ropeways

The inspection and testing of an aerial ropeway shall include the following:

Ø Visual examination of towers and machinery, for workmanship and correct installation in
accordance with plans and specifications;

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Ø The operation of the ropeway for a full day continuously to check for overheating of
moving parts, excessive vibration or deflection of mechanical or structural components,
free movement of tensioning system, etc.;
Ø Checking of operational controls for correct functioning, including manually operated
stop switches, automatic stop switches, limit switches, de-ropement switches, brakes,
antiroll back devices, over speed governor, under main and auxiliary power;
Ø Thorough operating tests under full load and any partial loading which may provide the
most adverse operating system.

7.8 RULES OF PRACTICE FOR PASSENGER ROPEWAYS

Conditions In Terms of Load

Ø Overload tests on service brake, emergency brake and drive equipment simulating
10% overload conditions;
Ø Tests to establish the ability of the prime mover to start the ropeway under the most
unfavorable loading conditions in main and auxiliary power;
Ø Check of all communication and alarm devices;
Ø Unless previous tests are documented, chairs and cabins, together with hangers, shall be
tested as a unit with weight equal to twice their passenger-carrying capacity. While the
weights are in place, all attachments to the chairs or cabins under tension shall be proven
safe. The mass of a passenger shall be taken 80Kg.
Ø Any other tests which the inspection body may consider necessary, or the manufacturer
recommends; and
Ø Record of all tests and inspections shall be maintained.

The manufacturer or the designer shall submit a complete schedule of all proposed acceptance
tests to the design verifier before such tests are performed. This schedule shall then be
forwarded to the equipment inspector attending the commissioning.

In the event of disputes over testing requirements, reference shall be made to Occupational
Safety and Health. Inspections of a passenger ropeway will take place during its construction
and periodically throughout its lifecycle regardless of when the inspection occurs.

Safety Officers may use the following tools:

Ø Helmet,
Ø Hand tachometer,
Ø Level,
Ø Digital camera,
Ø Dynamometer,
Ø Stop watch,
Ø Inclinometer (to measure angles of slopes), and

The Safety Officers use above tools during the operational inspection and testing of passenger
ropeways. Approved fall arrest equipment (Zula) is mandatory when Safety Officers are
climbing towers and onto the passenger ropeway station.

Suggested test: The following parts should undergo test

Loading test, Main drive, Rollback, Brake performance, Service brake, Emergency brake,
Auxiliary drive, Emergency drive, Unload carriers: Demonstration of evacuation system.

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7.9 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCEOF ROPEWAY

All equipment covered by BIS Code of Practice shall be maintained in a safe condition. A
systematic routine maintenance and inspection schedule, based on a maintenance and
inspection plan, which shall be specified by the designer shall be developed and set down in
writing by the manufacturer of the passenger ropeway.

The schedule shall include the specification of lubricant and frequency of lubrication of each
element involving moving parts. It shall stipulate that parts showing excessive wear shall be
replaced immediately. Condemning limits or tolerances shall be defined. It shall include a
schedule for checking and tightening all bolts, especially on rope attachments. For any
passenger ropeway, records of the rates of deterioration (such as corrosion, erosion, etc.) shall
be maintained. During a periodic inspection (Monthly), a Safety Officer appointed by operators
of ropeway may inspect towers, sheave assemblies, brakes and braking functions, and the
operation of main drives, auxiliary drives, and evacuation drives. Periodic inspections will take
place at any time of the year. Although these will occur during the ski season while the
ropeway is in operation, inspections can also take place before the winter months. Safety
Officers can conduct more inspections when the ropeway are not in operation or open to the
public. This would include riding the maintenance-work carrier to check the towers on the line.
The fuel supply for IC engines shall be checked regularly as appropriate for the fuel tank size
and the usage. For primary power units, there shall be sufficient fuel to conduct the anticipated
period of operation and to deal with all emergencies without refueling. Power units shall be shut
down during the refueling.

Starting of ropeways

Only competent persons authorized by the ropeway management shall start a passenger
ropeway.

Inspections

Prior to transporting passengers, a daily inspection shall be conducted by a competent person

under the supervision of manager of operators of ropeway. As a minimum, the inspection shall
consist of the following:

i. Inspect visually each terminal, station, and the entire length of the ropeway, lift or
tow, including grips, hangers and carriers;

ii. Note the position of tension carriages and counterweights and ensure that the
tensioning system is free to move in both directions;

iii. Test the operation of all manual and automatic switches in terminals, stations, and
loading and unloading areas as per the manufacturer’s specifications;

iv. Test the operation of main drive and all braking systems;

v. Test the operation of communication systems;

vi. Ropeways and lifts having emergency power units shall have the emergency engine
checked during this inspection and operated at least once weekly;

vii. Note the general condition of the hauling rope including splices;

viii. Commissioning inspection including load test runs;

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ix. Formal pre-season inspection;

x. Fairly and periodic maintenance inspections;

xi. Annual inspection (or at change of ownership);

xii. Periodic major inspection of critical components; and

xiii. Designer and manufacturer stipulated inspections and ancillary equipment

inspections.

Ropeway Operator

The position of ropeway operator shall be such that he shall have the best possible view of
the route and the controls and communicating devices shall be within his reach. The control
panel must have following indicator:

Ø Speed indicator,
Ø Indicator for the vehicle position along the line, and
Ø Fault indicator.

The driving gear shall be provided with an emergency motor fed by auxiliary power or Internal
Combustion engine which can ensure a rescue operation as needed even when there is
something wrong with the main motor or even in case of power failure.

However, installations having length less than 200m winching device may be provided.
Working of the main motor shall be stopped automatically when any brake is on or if any safety
device operates. Two different friction brakes called 'service brake' and the other 'emergency
brake' shall be used in case of electric motor drive to cause both the normal stopping and
emergency one. Each of such brakes shall be able to ensure the safe stopping of the
installation's motion under most unfavorable conditions of loading. In any case, the nominal
average deceleration shall not exceed 0.5 m/s2 A suitable automatic device which prevents the
reverse motion of the system in normal service shall be installed.

Communications

All stations shall be connected to each other by mobile telephone. Minimum one
station shall be linked up with the public network. Communication facilities (telephone or
wireless) shall be provided in the vehicle for communication with the driving station or
with the second vehicle.

The entire ropeways system shall be provided with suitable earthing and protection against
lightning.

The following testing must be carried out:

Load testing at 5 yearly intervals or at change of critical load bearing components; non-
destructive testing; and destructive testing (ropes).

All non-destructive testing must be carried out by a suitably experienced person and in
accordance with relevant Indian Standards.

Procedures must be developed (and regularly audited) for

Ø Daily start-up, running and shut-down;

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Ø Daily and periodic maintenance; and environmental conditions

Maintenance program for aerial ropeway towers

Particular attention must be given to towers. In these circumstances, the employer must make
sure the maintenance program includes regular tests (e.g. torque tests or visual inspection) to
check for fatigue or corrosion of the anchor bolts on tower.

Consideration must also be given to whether the towers and anchorage system have been
subject to any random vibration due to movement of the haul rope and carrier grips over
sheave assemblies and other factors that may have an impact on the effectiveness of anchor
bolts such as:

Ø Whether a continuous uphill load imposed by the subtended angle of the haul rope on
any vertical tower might lead to excessive fluctuating loads on the anchor bolts; or

Ø Whether tower base plates that are not fitted directly to the concrete footing have
incorporated expanding grout between the tower base plate and the upper surface of
the concrete footing to allow a continuous tension load on the anchor bolts to be
maintained.

As well, towers that have bracing tubes around anchor bolts connected to the main tower tube
by a gusset should be subject to detailed investigation for water retention and resultant
corrosion.

In addition to the tower maintenance procedures must address the major components and
systems. The following is a brief overview:

Ø Chair, Hanger and Rope Grip assembly,

Ø Ropes,
Ø Haul Rope,
Ø Counterweight Tension Rope,
Ø Guy Ropes or Stays,
Ø Rope Tensioning Equipment,
Ø Communication and safety systems including emergency stop,
Ø Drives,
Ø Main Drive,
Ø Standby Drive,
Ø Rescue Drive,
Ø Integrity of power source for all drives,
Ø Sheave assemblies and rope guiding equipment,
Ø Line sheave assemblies, sheave bearings and liners,
Ø Alignment,
Ø Bull wheels,
Ø Drive and return sheaves, bearings and liners,
Ø Rope guiding equipment,
Ø Alignment,
Ø Brakes,
Ø Service Brake,
Ø Emergency Brake,
Ø Anti-rollback systems,
Ø Backstops and anti-rollback brakes,
Ø Loading and unloading stations and equipment,
Ø Safety Gates,
Ø Firefighting equipment,

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Ø Inspection and testing requirements in accordance with Australian Standards,

Ø Electrical systems and equipment,
Ø Earthing systems,
Ø Control and monitoring devices,
Ø Emergency evacuation – procedures and equipment, and
Ø Corrosion protection

Termination of daily operations

Procedures shall be established for terminating daily operations to ensure that passengers
shall not be left on the ropeway after it has been shut down.

7.10 CONTROL AND SAFETY OF PASSENGERS

The operating agency shall have specific plan for marshalling passengers for safe loading and
unloading. The ropeway manager shall draw up special instructions necessary to be observed
by staff to ensure the safety of children riding the ropeway, and shall ensure that such
instructions are implemented and enforced by the staff. Loading attendants are to ensure that
passengers do not embark on chairs, or in cars or cabins, with equipment which will in any way
be a hazard to the safety of themselves or other passengers.

Appropriate signs shall be posted where they may be easily read by all persons using the
ropeway. Some commonly used wording, suggested for use in connection with passenger
ropeways signage is as follows:

Ø If not familiar with use of lift, ask attendant for instructions

Ø Prepare to unload (Not less than 15 m ahead of the unloading area) Keep ski tips up
(Ahead of any points where skis may come into contact with a platform)
Ø Unload here
Ø Do not swing or bounce chairs
Ø Stay in track
Ø No loose clothing or long hair exposed (At loading area)
Ø Remove pole straps from wrists (At loading area)

The ropeway management should ensure that adequate provisions, such as pictograms, are
made for passengers, who do not read or speak Hindi or English, to be able to use the
ropeway correctly and safely. Any additional signs which may be required to ensure the safe
operation of the ropeway shall be posted to the satisfaction of a competent person.

Markers

Where guyed towers are used and guys meet the ground within ski-runs, the guys shall be
marked for visibility, preferably with boards painted with black and yellow stripes.

First aid at Ropeway

There shall be ready access to first-aid supplies and equipment, and provision shall be made to
render first aid in the event of persons being injured on the ropeway.

7.11 SAFETY MANAGEMENT PLANS

Under a safety management plan, the licensed contractor will be required, as per terms and
condition of licensing, to submit the names of the people and their corresponding qualifications
that will provide service and maintain the installed passenger ropeway equipment. Contractors

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will need to have this safety management plan in place at each area where passenger
ropeways or passenger conveyors are operating.

Safety Manager

The operator of ropeway will have Safety Authenticity. Safety Authority appoints the local
safety manager, who is given the authority to perform the following duties:

Ø Provide technical support and expertise to Safety Officers;

Ø Evaluate industry training programs and the qualifications of those who train attendants
and operators;
Ø Provide correct interpretation of the Safety Standards Act and regulations;
Ø Issue, suspend, or revoke a contractor’s license as necessary;
Ø Review safety management plans;
Ø Issue directives, discipline orders, monetary penalties, and safety orders; and
Ø Review a Safety Officer’s decision upon a client’s request.

Other responsibilities of the Safety Manager include recommending regulatory changes,

providing input on the operational functions of the program, advising on risk management
systems, and undertaking incident investigations.

Safety Officers

Safety Officers are at the forefront when dealing with owners and licensed contractors. They
are an integral part of the program and report on wherever safety is compromised. Some of
their responsibilities are as follows:

Ø Issue permits;
Ø Answer inquiries;
Ø Conduct safety inspections;
Ø Investigate, document, and follow up on incidents;
Ø Promote public and worker safety awareness;
Ø Educate and provide technical information to industry owners and contractors on
changing technology, codes, and standards;
Ø Develop and deliver training, seminars and briefings;
Ø Grant variances;
Ø Provide recommendations to the Safety Manager;
Ø Conduct compliance monitoring and audits; and
Ø Assess the need for changes to the regulations.

During a periodic inspection, a Safety Officer may inspect towers, sheave assemblies, brakes
and braking functions and the operation of main drives, auxiliary drives, and evacuation drives
where applicable.

Procedures for Strange Occurrences

The management shall prepare, and put in the control booth for which the procedures to be
followed in case of unusual occurrences, such as:

Ø Roll back;
Ø Over speed;
Ø Counterweight limits reached;
Ø Tower development switch tripped;
Ø Communication system failure;
Ø Fire; and

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Ø Earthquake.

7.12 ELECTRICAL PROTECTION

All overhead electrical power transmission wiring shall be so protected that, in case of collapse
or breakage of the power line, it will not come into contact with chairs, cars, cables, or
passengers.

Investigating Incidents

A Safety Officer investigates serious incidents as soon as they are brought to the attention of
the Safety Authority. Under the Industrial Safety Act, an incident is the occurrence of a death,
personal injury, or damage to property, or the risk of personal injury or damage to property. An
incident is the result of regulated work or the testing, use or operation of a passenger ropeway.
The levels of an incident, personal injury and damage to property can range from serious to
minor.

Incidents may be caused by mechanical failure, passenger error, abnormal weather or

operational error. Whatever the case may be, the Safety Manager will consider what measures
may be taken to prevent similar incidents from occurring and what will be necessary to get the
equipment back into operation.

7.13 SAFETY CERTIFICATION

The safety certification shall be issued under the provisions of Himachal Ropeway Act, and in
accordance with the requirement stipulated in IS 5228 (latest revision) and IS 5229 (latest
revision).

*****

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 URBAN/ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING
EIA Study for Development of Passenger Ropeway between Dharamshala to Mc Ledoganj, Kangra (Himachal Pradesh)

CHAPTER 8
DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

8.1DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Disaster is an unexpected event due to sudden failure of the system, external threats,
internal disturbances, earthquakes, fire and accidents. The first step is to identify the causes
which develop/ pose unexpected danger to the structural integrity of Ropeway. The potential
risks are given in Chapter 7. The main aim of the disaster management plan is

1. Safety of the passenger

2. Quick response at the time ofaccident and treatment to casualties
3. Evacuation of passengers to safe area
4. Bring the disaster under control within short time
5. Investigation of accident and prepare prevention plan

8.1.1 Preventive Action

Once the likelihood of a disaster is suspected, action has to be initiated to prevent a failure.
Manager responsible for preventive action should identify sources of repair equipments,
materials, labour and expertise for use during emergency.

8.1.2 Reporting Procedures

The level at which a situation will be termed a disaster shall be specified. This shall include
the stage at which the surveillance requirements should be increased both in frequency and
details.The Manager should notify the officer for the following information:

· Exit points for the public,

· Nearest medical facilities.

8.1.3 Communication System

An efficient communication system is absolutely essential for the success of any disaster
management plan. This has to be worked out in consultation with local authorities. More
often, the entire communication system gets disrupted when a disaster occurs. The damage
areas need to be clearly identified and provided with temporary and full proof communication
system.

Ø Communication system should be available at all the terminal stations and should
be interlinked.
Ø Multi core communication cable is required to be provided between the station
Ø The wireless system will be provided to communicate while maintenance / rescue
operation on line and for other reasons, when communication through telephone
system will not be possible.

8.1.4 Emergency Action Committee

To ensure co-ordination action, an Emergency Action Committee should be constituted. The

civic administrator may be the Chairman of this Committee. The committee may comprise of

Ø Police Officer of the area,

Ø Health Department representative,
Ø Department of Information and Publicity, and
Ø Non-Governmental Organization of the area.
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Emergency Action Committee will prepare the evacuation plan and procedures for
implementation based on local needs and facilities available. The plan should include:

Ø Demarcation of the areas to be evacuated with priorities,

Ø Safe route to be used, adequacy of transport for evacuation, and traffic control,
Ø Safe area and shelters,
Ø Security of property left behind in the evacuated areas,
Ø Functions and responsibilities of various members of evacuation teams, and
Ø Setting up of joint control room.

All personnel involved in the Emergency Action Plan should be thoroughly familiar with all
the elements of the plan and their responsibilities. They should be trained through drills for
the Emergency Action Plan. The staff at the site should be trained for problem detection,
evaluation and emergency remedial measures. Individual responsibility to handle the
segments in emergency plan must be allotted.

Success of an emergency plan depends on public participation, their response to warning

notifications and timely action. Public has to be educated on the hazards and key role in
disaster mitigation by helping in the planned evacuation and rescue operations.

It is essential to communicate by whom and how a declared emergency will be terminated.

There should be proper notification to the public on de-alert signals regarding termination of
the emergency. The notification should be clear so that the evacuees know precisely what
to do when re-entering or approaching the affected areas.

8.2 EMERGENCY MEASURES

The emergency measures are adopted to avoid any failure in the system. The aim of
Emergency Action Plan is to identify areas, population and structures likely to be affected
due to a catastrophic event of accident. The action plan should also include preventive
action, notification, warning procedures and co-ordination among various relief authorities.

8.2.1 Safety Measures

Ø The cabins are provided with door lock, which cannot be opened by the passengers.

Ø Two separate brakes are provided in the drive of ropeway system. One no.
spring/weight operated and actuator/thruster released brake is provided on brake
ring fitted on drive sheave. This will act as normal and emergency brake. A second
weight operated thruster released brake is provided on high speed brake drum
coupling, which will act as Servicebrake.

Ø In the event of main DG set power failure, full capacity standby D.G. set provided to
supply power to run drivemotor.

Ø Standby separate motor system is provided to run ropeway at slow speed to rescue
passengers from line in case of failure of main motor or power failure from DGset.

Ø Line safety devices are installed on each trestle, which immediately stop the
ropeway in the unlikely event of rope derailment. This comprises of electrical trip
limit switch with attachment mounted on line sheave mount. The number of limit
switches will be asbelow:

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Sheave Train Type Number Localisation

Support Sheave train with 6 1 1 at sheave trainentrance

Sheaves or less
Support train with 8 or more 2 1 at sheave train entrance and 1
Sheaves atexit
Compression sheavetrain 5 1 per 2 sheave train (i.e 4
intotal) + 1 at sheave trainaxle

Ø Rope catcher is provided with the fully articulated sheave mount beam at incoming
and outgoing side on line trestles and Stations to arrest / support the hauling rope in
case ofde‐ropement.

Ø Emergency push buttons are provided at all stations to stop the ropeway, if
required.

Ø The Ropeway Main Drive Motors will be tripped if:

· Set rope speed exceeds by5%

· Wind speed exceeds the set limit

Ø Both the stations and line safety devices will also be operative during running the
ropeway with separate motor at a maximum speed of 1 m/ sec. In case of rescue
drive by diesel engine, there will be a provision of alarm bell with a battery backup
at drive station and will be operative on energization of any safety device of stations
/ line. Battery back should also be provided for opening of service and emergency
brakes.

Ø Control Panels and Distribution Boards will be provided at all stations for operation
as well as maintenance purposes. Control relays and interlocks will be provided for
rescue engine, emergency motor and brake operation. A.C. drive will be provided
with forward reverse operation, speed variation (auto and manual) and
inchingfacilities.

8.2.2 RESCUE AND OTHER ARRANGEMENT

The electric drive wheel backup system will be used to evacuate the line by means of two
electric motors operating independently of the gear box. The drive wheel backup
systemincludes:
Ø A mechanical system to uncouple the drivewheel.
Ø A ring gear installed on the drivewheel.
Ø One or more electric motors that can be disengaged from the ringgear
Ø An electrical control cabinet containing a speedcontroller

Whenever a situation occurs in which operation of the Ropeway is not possible even with
the backup arrangement and the carriers are stopped on the line between the stations, and
in which anticipated time to repair the cause of the shutdown is greater than the estimated
time for rescue carriage operation, evacuation must takeplace.
Suitable means of evacuation shall be provided (ladders, capstan, rope etc) to facilitate the
rescue of passengers who might remain trapped along the line on account of unforeseen

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stopping of the installation, in a reasonably short time and in the easiest and safest manner
without the help of the strandedpassengers.

8.2.2.1 COMMUNICATION

O.H. Control and Communication Wires

· One multi core cable/ OFC suspended from catenary wire will run from Lower to
Upper station to carry trip and annunciation signals. This will be supported on
ropeway steel structures.

· The catenary wire will be supported on insulators on Power line poles from Lower to
Upper station.

Communication System

· One number Industrial type telephone system will be provided for communication
with each station and line. The system basically consists of wall mounted sets (2
Nos. for each station), loudspeaker and amplifier. 2 Nos. portable sets will be
provided for communication with line.

· The wireless system (4 Nos. handsets) will be provided to communicate while

maintenance/ rescue operation on line and for other reasons, when communication
through telephone system will not be possible.

· 16-channel intercom system will be installed at each station for communication

between operating and security personnel of that station.

8.2.2.2 CCTV AT BOTH THE STATION

Arrangement of one number color CCTV shall be provided at the control room of both the
station to look at the movement of passengers. This will also serve as security purpose.

8.2.2.3 PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM

Both the terminal stations at each section shall be provided with a Public Address System,
i.e. microphone, amplifier, speakers and able to operate during power failure for at least 15
minutes. Suitable numbers of fire extinguishers will be provide at both stations and near
DGarea.
8.2.2.4 PROTECTIONS

Other standard protections, such as, electrical protection for LT, lightening protection,
earthing etc. shall be provided.

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EIA Study for Development of Passenger Ropeway between Dharamshala to Mc Ledoganj, Kangra (Himachal Pradesh)

CHAPTER 9
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN AND COST

9.1 GENERAL
The environmental monitoring programme is a vital process for the Environmental
Management of infrastructure project. This helps in signaling the potential problems that
would result from the construction and operation of proposed project and will allow for
prompt implementation of corrective measures. The environmental monitoring is proposed
during construction and operational phases. The following parameters need to be monitored:

· Water Quality,
· Air and Noise Quality, and
· Soil.

9.2 WATER QUALITY MONITORING

Water contamination leads to various water related diseases, the project authorities shall
establish a procedure for water quality surveillance and ensure safe water for the
consumers. Minimum 3 samples shall be tested around the project site for drinking water
quality parameters as per BIS: 10500. Water monitoring should be carried out at least three
times a year to cover seasonal variations by any Government or recognized private agency.
Water quality should be analyzed by applying the standard methods.

Water quality shall be monitored before starting the construction, during the construction
phase, and for at least one year after the completion of the project.There is no major
construction activity for proposed ropeway.

9.3 AIR AND NOISE QUALITY MONITORING

To assess the effectiveness of air and noise pollution control, ambient air quality and noise
levels shall be monitored during the construction and for at least one year after the
completion of the project. The proposed monitoring program for field monitoring and
laboratory analysis of air and noise is given in Table 9.1.

TABLE 9.1
PROPOSED MONITORING PROGRAMME FOR AIR AND NOISE QUALITY
Particular Description
Ambient Air Quality
Parameters to be monitored PM10, PM2.5, SO2,CO, and NOx,
Number of Location during At least three locations, The locations shall be decided by the
construction and operation Environmental Engineer/Officer incharge.
Monitoring period During construction and 1.5 year after construction.
Frequency Once in Month for Three Season in a Year i.e. Pre-Monsoon,
Post-Monsoon and Winter
Ambient Noise Quality
Parameters to be monitored Noise level in dB(A)
Proposed Locations during At least three locations, The locations shall be decided by the
construction and operation Environmental Engineer/Officer incharge.
Monitoring period Same as above for air
Frequency Same as above for air

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9.4 SOIL QUALITY MONITORING

Soil near to the construction area shall be monitored to ascertain presence of soil pollution
due to construction activities. The soil monitoring schedule is given in Table 9.2.

TABLE 9.2
PROPOSED MONITORING PROGRAMME FOR SOIL QUALITY
PARAMETER LOCATION DURATION FREQUENCY

pH, Texture, Total During Construction and Operation: During Seasonal

Organic Matter, Three sample construction and
Nitrogen, Phosphate, 1.5 year after
Moisture Content, construction
Sodium, Potassium,
Calcium, Chloride,
Magnesium, and
Electric Conductivity

9.5 ESTABLISHMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CELL

The project authority shall establish an Environmental cell in the initial stage of the project.
The division shall have one Environmental Engineer/Officer. The task of the environmental
Engineer/Officer shall be to supervise and co-ordinate environmental concerns, monitoring
and implementation of mitigation measures. The officer will monitor the environmental works
in coordination with the Project Director. Cost of such a division has been estimated
asRs.25.96 lakh as per the details given in Table 9.3 below.

TABLE 9.3
COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL CELL
S No ITEM COST (Rs)
A Capital Cost
Office Furnishings (Computer, Audio visual aid and furniture) 2,00,000
B Recurring Cost
Man Power Cost (For 36 months)
Environmental Engineer/Officer @ Rs. 45,000/month 16,20,000
Office Maintenance and consumables @ Rs. 15,000/month 5,40,000
C Sub Total (A+B) 23,60,000
Miscellaneous and unforeseen expenses, LS (10 % of C) 2,36,000
Total cost for establishment of cell 25,96,000

9.6 ENVIRONMENTAL COST

Most of the items described in the environmental management plan form part of the project
cost which will be included in the project civil cost. Certain items like health care and medical
facility to workers make part of the contractual obligations of the construction contractor. The
environmental costs towards implementation of environmental management plan and
mitigation measures during pre-construction, construction and operation of the proposed
project are estimated of Rs.155.85 lakh and described in Table 9.4.

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TABLE 9.4
ENVIRONMENTAL COST
ESTIMATED TOTAL
S
ITEM QUANTITY UNIT RATE COST
No
(Rs.) (Rs. In Lakh)
A. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING COST
I Water Quality Monitoring
Monitoring during 3location x 3 times a year x (1.5 8000 2.16
Construction Stage Constr. year + 1.5 years after
and after Construction) = 27 samples
Construction
II Air and Noise Quality Monitoring
Monitoring during 27 samples 15000 4.05
construction and after 1.
Construction
III Soil Quality Monitoring
Monitoring during 3location x 3 times a year x (1.5 5000 1.35
construction and after Constr. year + 1.5 years after
Construction Construction) = 27 samples
IV Environmental Cell Cost
Establishment of Refer Section 9.5 Refer Table 25.96
Environmental Cell 9.3
Environmental Monitoring Cost (A) = Sub Total (I) + (II) + (III) + (IV) 33.52

B. MANAGEMENT/MITIGATION COST
1 Forest Management (Refer Section 6.3.1)
A Reserve Forest Management
Compensatory Forestation (CA) 5.91
Net Present Value (NPV) 15.92
2 Provision for Green Building (Refer Section 6.3.5)
Solar Power System 20.0
Rain Water Harvesting 5.0
3 Water Supply and During Construction Refer 6.4.3 5.0
Sanitation
4 Oil and Grease Construction Yard Refer 6.4.4 2.5
Removal
5 Solid Waste Construction Site Refer 6.4.5 10.0
Management
6 Environmental Environmental Awareness and Refer 2.0
Training Management section 6.4.6
7 Water Supply and During Operation Refer 6.5.2 15.0
Sanitation
8 Solid Waste During Operation Refer 6.5.3 20.0
Management
9 Green Belt During Operation Refer 6.5.5 1.0
10 Community Development Program (Refer Section 6.5.6)
Horticulture and Medicinal Plants 1.5
Gender Support 1.0
Infrastructure Development Support 12.5
Education Assistance 5.0
Management /Mitigation Cost (B) 122.33

TOTAL COST = (A) + (B) 155.85

ENVIRONMENTAL COST 155.85

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CHAPTER 10
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

10.1 INTRODUCTION

Dharamshala stands at the foot of Dhauladhar and has a magnificent view of snowy peaks,
deodar and pine forests, tea gardens and beautiful hills, The snow line is perhaps more
easily accessible at Dharamshala than any other hill station in India. Dharamshala now really
has become international, with a number of Tibetan settlements and the residence of Noble
Laureate the 'Dalai Lama’ Dharamshala is divided into two distinct parts: lower Dharamshala
comprising the civil and business area with Courts and Kotwali bazar and upper
Dharamshala composed of places like McLeodganj and Forsyth Ganj.

The upper and lower towns with a difference of some 457 metres between them lies against
a background of snow-capped mountains, forests of giant conifers, and carefully cultivated
tea gardens. The mountains enfold three sides of the town and the alley stretches beyond to
the south. Dharamshala’ s altitude varies between 1250 meters and 2000 meters.

The arrival of the Tibetan spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama, along with thousands of refugees
to Dharamshala in 1959 made the life here more active. A number of Tibetan settlements
with religious education and other rehabilitation centres mushroomed all over the
McLeodganj. As Dharamshala became the headquarter of the Tibetan Government in exile,
headed by Dalai Lama, it gained prominence all over the world and prominent personalities
started arriving here. McLeodganj emerged as a major Buddhist centre.

Needs of the Dharamshala – McLeod Ganj Ropeway due to

Ø Road Journey about 9-10 Kms often congested due to traffic jams.
Ø McLeod Ganj, Dharamshala goes under 30-50mm snow layer during winters and roads
connectivity further detoriates
Ø Yearly 40 Lakh tourists visits the Place
Ø Due to traffic congestion, It takes 3-4 hours to reach McLeodganj during peak season

The Department of Tourism & Civil Aviation, Himachal Pradesh for the development of
Tourism in the State of Himachal Pradesh has decided to undertake development and
operation/ maintenance of the Ropeway Project through Public-Private Partnership (the
“PPP”) on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (the “DBFOT”) basis, and through
competitive bidding has decided to carry out the project by Dharamshala Ropeway
Limited(DRL) through Himachal Pradesh Infrastructure Development Board (HPIDB).

RITES Ltd. (A Government of India Enterprise) was appointed by Dharamshala Ropeway

Limited, as consultant, for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study for proposed
Ropeway systems.An EIA study has been taken up as per the approved Terms of Reference
(TOR) issued by Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) of Ministry of Environment, Forest and
Climate Change (MoEF& CC) for Environmental Clearance of the project.

Objectives of the Study and Terms of Reference: The objective of the study is to facilitate
the Dharamshala Ropeway Limited to obtain prior environmental clearance from the Ministry
of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF& CC), Government of India for the
proposed ropeway systems. In addition, it also proposes to establish environmental baseline
and safeguard measures for protection of environment for sustainable development during
project cycles. The MoEF& CC, Government of India, notification of 14th September 2006
and its amendment dated 1stDecember 2009 enlist Ropeway projects in category ‘A’ as per above
notification schedule if located in ecological sensitive area and elevation is 1000m above
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msl. All projects or activities included as category ‘A’ in the schedule shall require prior
environmental clearance from MoEF& CC, Government of India.

In order to follow the procedure of project appraisal the DRL applied for the Terms of
Reference for EIA study in MoEF& CC in prescribed formats. The DRL and RITES, the
consultant made a presentation on the project before3rdExpert Appraisal Committee
(infrastructure -2) held during 23rdFebruary, 2016 at New Delhi. MoEF&CC issued the Terms
of Reference (ToR) for Ropeway project at Dharamshala vide F.No.1 0-1 0/201 6-lA.lll dated
26th March 2016.The ToR for EIA for the project

Approach and methodology: The approach of the study is to conduct EIA as per
Notification, Acts, Guidelines and Standards. The basic concept is to ascertain the existing
baseline conditions and assess the impacts as a result of construction and operation of the
activities of the project. The impacts are assessed for various phases of project cycle
namely: Impacts due to project location, Impacts due to project construction, and Impacts
due to project operation.

The standard methodology for the data collection, impact assessment and formulation of
management plans is adopted while carrying out the field study and preparing the report.
The approved Terms of Reference are kept in mind during the field study.

10.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Project and its location: The proposed project site is located at the Dharamshala in Kangra
District of Himachal Pradesh. The Project site is well connected by Air, Rail and Road. The
project envisages construction of buildings at two ends namely LTP & UTP of Ropeway
Systems for boarding/de-boarding of passengers.

Salient features of proposed ropeway system: The ropeway system used in the
alignment would be Detachable grip 6-8 seater Mono cable Gondola ropeway system, 600
Persons Per Hour per direction capacity, length 1750.0 m. The speed of the ropeway system
will be 3-5 m/sec and drive location will be at lower terminal. The facilities include, Lower
Terminal Station, Upper Terminal Station and Passenger’s amenities at stations. The
completion of the project is expected in 18 months from the date of award of work. The
capital cost and operation & maintenance cost of ropeway systems is worked out as Rs.
Rs.144.9 Crore and Rs 392.80 lakhs respectively.

Alternatives Analysis: The finalization of alignments for ropeway considering various

options of alignments and technology during analysis of alternatives.

10.3 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL DATA

The collection of environmental baseline data is required to assess the impacts of project
activities on the environment. The project study area is 10 km radius from centre point of
proposed Ropeway. The data have been compiled for: Land Environment (Physiography,
Geology, Seismicity and Soils), Water Environment (Water Resources, Water Use, Water
Quality), Air Environment (Meteorology and Air Quality), Noise Environment (Noise Levels),
Ecological Environment (Flora and Fauna) and Socio-Economic Environment (Demography,
Socio-Economics, etc).

Physiography: Kangra district is situated in Western Himalayas between 31°2 to 32°5 N

and 75° to 77°45 E. The district has a geographical area of 5,739 km. which constitutes
10.31 % of geographical area of the State. The elevation within the study area varies from
350 m to 4880 m.

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Geology and Soil: Dharamshala town consists of fine to medium grained dirty gray to
maroon compact, jointed, and non-micaceous sandstones which are interbedded with
clay bands of crimson red, green, and maroon color.

Land use pattern: The land use/land cover data for the study area was derived using the
latest cloud free satellite imagery. Land use of the 15 km radius shows that the predominant
land use of the area is forest.

Seismicity: Dharamshala is located in the high risk seismic zone V as per the seismic
zoning map of India prepared by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS code: IS 1893: Part-
1:2002). Considering its geographical location and its past seismic history, suitable
provision of seismic factor may be made in the design of civil engineering structures to make
them earthquake resistant.

Water: Surface water in the form of streams, rivers and springs is the main source of water
in the area. Most of them are perennial in nature being fed by the glaciers.In order to assess
the baseline water quality status of the study area, 7 water samples were collected. It is
found that 01 nos sample is not suitable for drinking purpose because in this sample the
COD, BOD and Coliform is present.

Temperature: In winter minimum temperature is 4.9°C and maximum temperature is

24.5°C.In summer minimum temperature is 14.7°C and maximum temperature is 35.0°C.

Rainfall: Most of the rainfall is received between April to September. During the remaining
period, rainfall is sporadic and scanty.

Humidity: Months mean maximum and minimum relative humidity at 0830 hrs is 90.8 % to
43.70 % respectively, while Months mean maximum and minimum relative humidity at 1730
hrs is 87.5 % to 43.3 % respectively.

Air Quality: The atmospheric concentrations of air pollutants are monitored at 5 locations for
parameters PM 2.5, PM10, SO2, NOX, & CO under ambient air quality monitoring (AAQM). It is
observed that all parameters are within the standards.The proposed ropeway site is not
coming under critically polluted areas identified by Central Pollution Control Board.

Noise Quality: Noise level survey is conducted at 5 locations. At all the location noise
ambient noise quality is within prescribed limit given by Central Pollution Control Board.

Ecological Environment: The proposed project site is predominantly occupied by forest.

The forest found in the proposed ropeway site consists of RF (Reserve forest), UPF
(Undemarkated Protected forest) and DC land. The DC land belongs to district collectorate,
district kangada, Dharmashala tehsil, Himachal Pradesh sarkar. A variety of flora are found
in the study area. The predominant plants species observed in the proposed site are Chid
(Pinus roxbergii) and Baan (Cuercus leucotrichophora, Cuercus incana) respectively. RFO,
Dharmashala was carried tree enumeration of tree survey.

Historical/Archeological Monuments: There is no ancient archeologically important

monument in the project area.

Socio-Economic Profile of the Project Area: The proposed project shall involve
construction activities for various components of the project like lower and upper terminal,
passage to the lower terminal, offices and other utilities at lower and upper terminal and
other infrastructure facilities. These activities shall necessitate acquisition/transfer of about
01.69.58 ha land under forest department and the 00.19.53 ha of land under government of
Himachal Pradesh. No private land, house structures or community property resources,

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religious structures shall be acquired and hence impacted due to the proposed project. No
significant impacts were observed or no family will be displaced due to the proposed project.
The public consultations for this project were held from 2nd - 03rd June, 2016 by RITES team.
The response of the participants (local people, tourists, pilgrims, etc.) was quite positive
however participant taxi driver and owners were apprehensive about the project. As they felt
that the project may disturb their sources for livelihood and employment. All the likely to be
affected taxi drivers and owners were found to be apprehensive about the plan for protection
of their occupation and proper rehabilitations. Except the taxi driver, the participants assured
their all support to make the project successful. Participant (taxi drivers and owners)
suggested that the fare for commutation from Dharamshala to McLeod Ganj should be at par
with the taxi fare and the fare should be reviewed annually in consultation with the taxi
operator union of Dharamshala and McLeod Ganj.

10.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSESSMENT

IMPACT ON LAND ENVIRONMENT:The ropeway system requires land of 2.2438 ha, out of
which ROW is 0.5718 ha and ROU of 1.6720 ha. The construction of ropeway has impacts
on land environment by change in landuse from forest land to non-forest land. The land
required for the proposed project is 2.2438 ha in which 1.6958 ha Reserved Forest and
Undemarketed Protected Forest (UPF).

Topography, Drainage and Soil Quality: The location of terminal stations and trestles are
selected on a mild slope or at plain area to keep the minimal cutting and filling having less
impact on topography of the area. Cutting and filling will be balanced. The ropeway corridor
is crossing 02 nos number of nallah. The nallah has been avoided for construction of the
trestles within it, hence no change in drainage pattern is anticipated. The ropeway Impact on
soil owing to the construction of terminals includes soil erosion, compaction and pollution of
soil in case of waste discharge on land. The impact will be however short term in duration
and will have no significant impacts.

Slope Erosion: Erosion aspect of a hill slope is an important factor in determining its
stability condition. The deep gully, toe erosion by nallahs destabilizes slopes. It has been
observed that the toe erosion by nallah is affecting the slope stability at number of places.
Hence, trestles on the side of nallah will be protected by putting the retaining wall at the side
of trestle foundation.

Landslide: The status of slope stability is an important aspect that can affect the landslide
hazard in the area. This is reflected by the landslide incidences in the past. The landslide
affected slopes reflect the instability condition of slope and add to the hazard vulnerability in
the area. No history of landslide occurrence near project site.

Earthquakes: The project area falls under seismic zone V as per the Seismic Zoning Map of
India. Necessary seismic factors (horizontal and vertical ground acceleration), as per
relevant Indian Standard Code (IS: 1893 – Part – 1: 2002) shall be adopted. All components
of structures shall be designed for seismic zone V to ensure the safeguard against
earthquake risks.

Solid Waste: About 100 and 60 numbers of labours/Person will be required for construction
and operation of Ropeway respectively. The design capacity of the proposed ropeway is
4800 passenger per day. 10.0 Kg/day and 246 Kg/day of solid waste shall be generated
during construction and operation.

Existing Features within 1 km: The existing features at project site within 1 km radius are
Dharamshala and McLeodganj town. Within 1km following features exist Reserved Forest,
Nallah, Road, Water Supply Line, Sewer Lines, Hotels Temples & market.
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Water Supply and Sanitation: Construction phase will last for a period of approximately 18
months. About 100 workers will be working at site during peak construction. Drinking Water
demand during construction is estimated about 4.5 KLD which will be supplied from existing
water supply source line of the Public Health Engineering Department. The Waste water
generated will be 3.6 KLD during construction. About 60 persons including staff and security
during operation of the Ropeway project. The design capacity of the proposed ropeway is
4800 passenger per day. The total water requirement will be 98.70 KLD. The Waste water
generated will be 78.96 KLD.

Air Environment: The construction activities for the proposed terminal stations will be of
small scale and thus the particulate emissions will be minimal and short term in nature. For
the construction of line towers the generation of the dust will be low as compared to the
construction of terminal stations. The impact of other pollutants such as SO2, NOx and CO
will be caused due to diesel-operated mechanical equipment and their impact is expected to
be negligible and of short term duration. Use of these machineries is limited to and
considered working for few hours in a construction period. No air pollution is anticipated
during operation.

Noise Environment: During Construction the prime sources of noise are the construction
machinery and the vehicular noise due to material movement at the site. The main noise
generating equipment that will be used at site will be concrete mixer (for small concrete
work) and concrete vibrator. Concrete mixer generates noise level of 85 dB (A) at 50 feet
distance. It could therefore be concluded that the construction activities would not have a
significant impact on existing environment during construction phase. During Operation of
ropeway, All the D.G. Sets shall be placed in recommended acoustic enclosure or with
silencers and Periodic maintenance. Hence no significant change in noise levels is
anticipated.

Wind Pressure: As per Indian standard, the wind speed should not be more than 150 km/hr
during operation of aerial ropeway.

Biological Environment: The numbers of trees likely to be cut/ trimmed are 439.

Socio-Economic: The project is located in urban settlement. Agriculture is not an usual

practice of the settlement. However, no private land is required for acquisition. Thus no
agricultural land shall be acquired No Historical or Cultural Monuments will be affected/ lost
due to the construction of the project.

Employment Opportunities: The project is likely to provide direct employment

opportunities to 100 persons during construction period of 18 months and approximately 60
persons during operation and maintenance of the project at all levels. In addition to this,
project will provide indirect employment in general to the local people specially.

Benefits to the Economy: Development of infrastructure and availability of reliable

transport mode without much emission unlike present traffic operation will carry passenger
from McLeod Ganj to Dharamshala. The project shall boost tourism of the region, state and
the country. The project would contribute towards better economic activities in the region as
well as in the state and country.

10.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) describes the proposed remedial measures
and monitoring plan for the impact during construction and operational period of the project.
The EMP often contains a construction/management guideline that specifically addresses
how the project proponent/contractors are to incorporate environmental considerations into

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their work. EMP considers compensatory measures if mitigation measures are not feasible
or cost-effective. This chapter spells out the set of measures to be undertaken during project
construction and operation to mitigate or reduce the adverse environmental impacts and
bring them to acceptable levels based on the proposed Environmental Management Plans.

PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE

Forest and Wildlife Management: The Compensatory afforestation to be carried out in lieu
of 1.6958 Ha of forest area, to be diverted for the construction of ropeway. The land of 3.5
Ha Given for compensatory afforestation located in village Kareri, tehsil shahpur and district
Kangra. It is situated in Dharamshala forest division and Dharamshala range. The amount is
inclusive of the maintenance of the plantation for seven years. The amount required for
compensatory afforestation is Rs. 591087.

Net present value: The NPV value of 1.6958 Ha of forest land diverted is Rs. 15,92,356.00.

Energy Conservation Measures: Energy conservation measures are often the easiest,
quickest and cheapest way to reduce costs and implement environmentally pro-active
Energy conservation program both on energy demand and supply. The amount of energy
used for lighting varies from industry to industry, but typically, lighting accounts for
approximately 50% of the electrical load in office building. By having an understanding of the
lamps, ballasts, luminaries and control options available today as well as the techniques
used to develop efficient lighting, lighting can be produced that is energy efficient, cost
effective and yields a high quality of light.

Provision for Green Building: In accordance with the GRIHA (version 2015) norms, the
following measures shall be implemented to a feasible degree in the terminal and parking
locations. A provision for solar power system installation and rain water harvesting system is
Rs. 20 lakhs and 5 lakhs respectively.

Rehabilitation and Resettlement of the Project: No resettlement and rehabilitation of

specific population is required as the project has no direct adverse impacts on any pocket of
population except a section of taxi and auto operators, who claims that their business may
be affected when the ropeway shall be operational. No private land and property is acquired.
No squatters, encroacher and kiosk have been found on the land identified for the proposed
project purpose. So, the observation concludes no significant impacts on population in
general.

Compensation for Land: No acquisition of private land for the proposed ropeway is
identified. However, 1.69.58 ha forestland and 00.19.53 ha of government of Himachal
Pradesh have been identified to be used for different purposes of the project such as upper
terminal, towers and right of way. The land identified for these purposes shall be transferred
to the government of Himachal Pradesh / Dharamshala Ropeway Limited. The
compensation for land transfer shall be paid to the concerned department as per the existing
rules for land value compensation of the Himachal Pradesh.

Compensation for House Building: No compensation shall be paid for any structures as
no private structures are identified to be affected under the activities identified for the project.
No structures were identified either on the forest or on the state government land.

Compensation for Crops: No agricultural land is being acquired, so no compensation is

estimated to be paid for the purpose. However, in the project area the main crop is paddy /
maize.

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CONSTRUCTION STAGE

Air Pollution & Dust Control measures: In order to reduce the emissions due to material
transport and construction activities following measures are proposed

· Provisions for sprinkling of water on open surface,

· Use of low emission construction equipments,
· All stationary machines / DG sets emitting the pollutants shall be inspected frequently
· In no case, loose earth will be allowed to pile up along the approach roads.
· As soon as the construction activity is over the surplus earth should be utilized to fill
up the low-lying areas, if any.
· Limiting the time period of construction.

Water Supply and Sanitation: About 100 workers will be working at site during peak
construction. Water demand during construction for labours is estimated about 4.5 KLD
which will be supplied from existing water supply source line of the Public Health
Engineering Department. A provision of Rs 5.00 Lakh is kept for water supply and sanitation
during construction.

Oil Spill control/Management: To control the oil spill during construction stage of the
project following measures should be taken for which Rs 2.5 Lakh is kept in provision.

· Good housekeeping
· Routine checkup of construction machineries and equipments
· Temporary cement/metal platform

Solid Waste Management: Refuse disposal program should include storage, collection and
disposal. Solid waste generated during construction will be 10.0 Kg/day. The solid waste
generated shall have adequate collection, conveyance and disposal facilities and will be
disposed along with existing collection and disposal system. Collection containers of about
20 liters capacity fitted with side handles to facilitate handling shall be provided. Rs 10.00
Lakh is kept for solid waste management during construction.

First Aid Health System: Health problems of the workers should be taken care of by
providing basic health care facilities. All necessary first aid and medical facilities will be
provided to the workers. The provision and maintenance of suitably equipped first aid facility
throughout the extent of the works has to be borne by the contractor who shall be
responsible for welfare arrangements and requirements to the satisfaction of the Supervision
Consultant and Site Engineer.

Training and Extension: These programmes should be extended for the workers for their
active participation in the project implementation and to get awareness for safety, disaster
prevention, action required in case of emergency, fire protection, environmental risk analysis
etc. The cost involved for such a programme is estimated as Rs.2.00 Lakh.

Soil Erosion Control: The soil erosion at construction site can be minimized by preventing
work in monsoon season, ramming of soil immediately after excavation, no accumulation of
earth debris at site and efficient management of storm water collection system.

OPERATION STAGE

Air Pollution Control: During Operation Phase, the major sources of air pollution are from
DG sets only. Control measures to reduce the pollutant emissions from DG sets are:

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· Periodic maintenance of DG sets as per defined schedule of manufacturer.

· These D. G. Sets shall meet CPCB guidelines.

Water Supply and Sanitation: During operation of the Ropeway project the water
requirement for staff, security and passenger would be 98.7 KLD which will be supplied
through HPIPH. A provision of Rs 15.00 Lakh will be required towards development of water
supply system. The wastewater generation from all the activities during operation phase
shall be 78.96 KLD. This waste water will be managed by providing sanitation facility at
lower and upper terminal by joining the existing Sewer Line, which is10m away from LTP
and UTP.

Solid Waste Disposal: The solid waste generated will be 246.0 kg per day. The solid waste
will be managed systematically and scientifically through Solid Waste Management system.
As per the anticipated activities, no hazardous waste will be generated due to operation of
ropeway and tourism facilities. The solid waste generated shall have adequate collection,
conveyance and disposal facilities and will be disposed along with existing collection and
disposal system of Dhraramshla Municipal Corporation Disposal Site. The collection,
segregation and disposal of solid waste generated during construction will be managed by
putting a system in place for which a provision of Rs 20 Lakhs is kept.

First Aid Health System: All necessary first aid and medical facilities will be provided at
Lower and Upper terminals. The provision and maintenance of suitably equipped first aid
facility has to be borne by the Dharamshala Ropeway Limited.

Green Belt: The greenbelt will be developed around the terminal buildings which not only
functions as landscape but also acts as pollution sink / noise barrier. In addition to
augmenting present vegetation, it will also check soil erosion, make the ecosystem more
diversified and functionally more stable, make the climate more conducive and restore
balance. A provision for green belt at lower and upper terminal is kept Rs. 1.0 Lakhs.

Community Development Program (CDP): The project uses land and people of the local
society. It affects the availability of local resources. In response to that provide employment
to the people living in the project area. However many are left out and could avail the
benefits extended to the local groups by the project proponent. Keeping in view the social
dimensions of the project, a comprehensive Community Development Program (CDP) is
prepared. The estimated budget for livelihood enhancement works, gender support,
infrastructure development support, education assistance under community development
program is kept Rs. 20.00 Lakhs (Rs. Twenty Lakhs Only). The amount shall be used
through need assessment and requirement basis.

10.6 RISK ANALYSIS

Risk assessments include detailed quantitative and qualitative understanding of risk, its
physical, social, economic and environmental factors and consequences. Risk assessment
encompasses the systematic use of available information to determine the likelihood of
certain events occurring and the magnitude of their possible consequences. The causes of
risk may be:

· Cable slipped out of the rails at the tower from the upper station can cause the
carriages to be knocked off. The accident took place due to negligence.
· Cabin lost its hold with the cable and collided with the another one cabin of ropeway
car and hit another on the way,
· Hill collapsed midway and trolleys were dangling in the air.
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· Snapping of Rope wire,

· Power system failure,
· Collision with entering station: operator failed to slow the vehicle down upon entering
the station it causes collision of the ropeway car at the entering station, and
· Holding capacity of soil/Geology

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE: A systematic routine maintenance and inspection

schedule, based on maintenance and inspection plan, which shall be specified by the
designer, shall be developed and set down in writing by the manufacturer of the passenger
ropeway. The schedule shall include the specification of lubricant and frequency of
lubrication of each element involving moving parts. It shall stipulate that parts showing
excessive wear shall be replaced immediately. Condemning limits or tolerances shall be
defined. It shall include a schedule for checking and tightening all bolts, especially on rope
attachments. Where appropriate for any passenger ropeway, suitable records of the rates of
deterioration (such as corrosion, erosion, etc.) shall be maintained. During a periodic
inspection, a Safety Officer may inspect towers, sheave assemblies, brakes and braking
functions, and the operation of main drives, auxiliary drives, and evacuation drives where
applicable.

SAFETY MANAGEMENT PLANS: Under a safety management plan, the licensed

contractor will be required, as per terms and condition of licensing, to submit the names of
the people and their corresponding qualifications that will provide service and maintain the
installed passenger ropeway equipment. Contractors will need to have this safety
management plan in place at each area where passenger ropeways or passenger conveyors
are operating.

ELECTRICAL PROTECTION: All overhead electrical power transmission wiring shall be so

protected that, in case of collapse or breakage of the power line, it will not come into contact
with chairs, cars, cables, or passengers.

10.7 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

The main aim of the disaster management plan is safety of the passenger, quick response to
accident and treatment to casualties, evacuation of passengers to safe area, bring the
disaster under control within short time and investigation of accident and prepare prevention
plan.

Preventive Action: Once the likelihood of a disaster is suspected, action has to be initiated
to prevent a failure. Manager responsible for preventive action should identify sources of
repair equipments, materials, labour and expertise for use during emergency.

Emergency Action Committee: To ensure co-ordination action, an Emergency Action

Committee should be constituted. The civic administrator may be the Chairman of this
Committee.

Emergency Measure: The emergency measures are adopted to avoid any failure in the
system. The aim of Emergency Action Plan is to identify areas, population and structures
likely to be affected due to a catastrophic event of accident. The action plan should also
include preventive action, notification, warning procedures and co-ordination among various
relief authorities.

Rescue Operation: Aerial ropeways shall be equipped with adequate and sufficient facilities
which shall be readily available to clear the line of passengers and return them within a
reasonable time to a terminal, or location, where access for emergency services is available.
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Sufficient numbers of trained persons for carrying out the rescue operation (the rescue crew)
shall be on duty when the aerial ropeway is in operation.

10.8 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

Water Quality: The project authorities shall establish a procedure for water quality
surveillance and ensure safe water for the consumers. Minimum 3 samples shall be tested
around the project site for drinking water quality parameters as per BIS: 10500. Water
monitoring should be carried out at least three times a year to cover seasonal variations by
any Government or recognized private agency. Water quality should be analyzed by
applying the standard methods. Water quality shall be monitored before starting the
construction, during the construction phase, and for at least one year after the completion of
the project. The cost for water quality monitoring is estimated of Rs. 2.16 lakh.

Air and Noise Quality: To assess the effectiveness of air and noise pollution control,
ambient air quality and noise levels shall be monitored during the construction and for at
least one year after the completion of the project. The Parameters to be monitored for air
quality are PM10, PM2.5, SO2, CO, and NOx at least three locations. The frequency of air quality
monitoring will be Once in Month for Three Season in a Year. Ambient Noise Quality will be
monitored at least three locations. The frequency and duration for noise quality monitoring is
same as air. The cost for air and noise quality monitoring is estimated of Rs. 4.05 lakh.

Soils Quality: Soil near to the construction area shall be monitored to ascertain presence of
soil pollution due to construction activities. The parameters to be monitored are pH, Texture,
Total Organic Matter, Nitrogen, Phosphate, Moisture Content, Sodium, Potassium, Calcium,
Chloride, Magnesium, and Electric Conductivity. The frequency of soil quality monitoring will
be once in Season for at least three locations. The cost for soil quality monitoring is
estimatedof Rs. 1.35 lakh.

Establishment of Environmental Cell: The project authority shall establish an

Environmental cell in the initial stage of the project. The division shall have one
Environmental Engineer/Officer. The task of the environmental Engineer/Officer shall be to
supervise and co-ordinate environmental concerns, monitoring and implementation of
mitigation measures. The officer will monitor the environmental works in coordination with
the Project Director. Cost of such a division has been estimated as Rs. 25.96 lakh.

10.9 ENVIRONMENTAL COST

The environmental costs towards implementation of environmental management plan and

mitigation measures during pre-construction, construction and operation of the proposed
project is estimated of Rs. 155.85 lakh.

10.10 CONCLUSION

The project is being developed in one of the most traffic dense corridors of Himachal
Pradesh. The location has strategic and political importance. The location is one of the major
tourist destinations in the country. The project will provide a safer means of transportation.
All possible environment aspects have been adequately assessed and necessary control
measures have been formulated to meet with statutory requirements, during the preparation
of the EIA report. Thus implementing this project will not have any appreciable negative
impacts. In view of Environmental Impact Assessment study conducted, the proposed
project is environment friendly and would enhance the development in the region.

*****
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CHAPTER 11
DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT

11.1 EIA CONSULTANT

Name of EC/FAE Name of Expert Name of Associate Name of

Project Experts Firm
EIA Study for Environmental Mr. M P Mandal Mr. Deepak Kumar Jain RITES
Development of Coordinator Ltd.
Passenger (EC) Gurgaon
Ropeway AP Dr Krishna pal Mr. Abhay Kumar Sharma
between MSW Mr. Harinag Mrs Jaya Shing
Dharamshala to WP Mr. M P Mandal Mr. Deepak Kumar Jain
McLeodganj, NV Mr. M P Mandal Mr. Harinag
Kangra HG Mr. S Kunnar Mr. Sanjay I Raut
(Himachal GEO Mr. S Kunnar Nil
Pradesh SE Dr. Akhilesh Ranjan Nil
LU Mr. Sanjay I Raut Mr. Deepak Kumar Jain
RH Mr. Ashutosh Bhadra Mr. Vijay Pratap
AQ Dr Manoj Mishra Mr. Abhay Kumar Sharma
(Emplaned)
EB Mr. Manish Markand Nil
Indurkar
SC Mr. Shishupal Singh Mr. Manish Markand
(Emplaned) Indurkar

11.2 OTHER ORGANIZATION/LABORATORIES ENGAGED

Air and Noise Quality Monitoring: Avon Food Lab (Pvt.) Ltd, New Delhi,

Water Sample Testing: SIGMA Test & research Centre, New Delhi

Soil Sample Testing: J.M.Envirolab Pvt. Ltd., Gurgaon

GIS Study: n-Dimensional GIS Solution, Hyderabad

Disclosure of Consultant Page 11.1

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Annexure 1.1
TERMS OF REFERENCE

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Annexure 1.2

EFFLUENT DISCHARGE STANDARDS (INLAND SURFACE WATER)

S.No. Parameter Unit Standards

1 Colour & Odor -- All efforts should be made to
remove colour and unpleasant
odor as far as practicable.
2 Suspended Solids Max. mg/l 100
3 Particle size of Suspended Solids -- Shall pass 850 micron IS Sieve
4 pH value -- 5.5 to 9.0
o
5 Temperature, Max. C Shall not exceed 5°C above the
receiving water temperature
6 Oil and grease, Max. mg/l 10
7 Total residual Chlorine, Max. mg/l 1.0
8 Ammonical Nitrogen (as N), Max. mg/l 50
9 Total Kjeldah Nitrogen (as N), Max. mg/l 100
10 Free Ammonia (as NH3), Max. mg/l 5
11 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (5 mg/l 30
days at 20°C), Max.
12 Chemical Oxygen Demand Max. mg/l 250
13 Arsenic (as As), Max. mg/l 0.2
14 Mercury (as Hg), Max. mg/l 0.01
15 Lead (as Pb), Max. mg/l 0.1
16 Cadmium (as Cd), Max. mg/l 2.0
17 Hexavalent Chromium (as Cr ), +6 mg/l 0.1
Max.
18 Total Chromium (as Cr) Max. mg/l 2.0
19 Copper (as Cu), Max. mg/l 3.0
20 Zinc (as Zn), Max. mg/l 5.0
21 Selenium (as Se), Max. mg/l 0.05
22 Nickel (as Ni), Max. mg/l 3.0
23 Cyanide (as CN), Max. mg/l 0.2
24 Fluorides (as F), Max. mg/l 2.0
25 Dissolved phosphates (as P), Max. mg/l 5.0
26 Sulphides (as S), Max. mg/l 2.0
27 Phenolic compounds (as C6H5OH), mg/l 1.0
Max.
28 Radioactive Materials mg/l
a Emitters, mcurie/ml, Max. 10-7
b Emitters, mcurie/ml, Max. 10-6
29 Bio-assay test mg/l 90% survival of fish after 96

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S.No. Parameter Unit Standards

hours in 100% effluent
30 Manganese (as Mn) mg/l 2.0
31 Iron (as Fe) mg/l 3.0
32 Vanadium (as V) mg/l 0.2
33 Nitrate Nitrogen mg/l 10.0

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Annexure 1.3

DRINKING WATER QUALITY STANDARDS (IS 10500:2012)

S. Substance or Requirement Undesirable Effect Permissible

No. Characteristic (Desirable outside the Desirable limit in the
Limit) limit absence of
alternate
source
Essential Characteristics
1 Colour, Hazen units, Max 5 Above 5, consumer 15
acceptance decreases
2 Odour Agreeable - Agreeable
3 Taste Agreeable - Agreeable
4 Turbidity NTU, max 1 Above 5, consumer 5
acceptance decreases
5 pH Value 6.5 to 8.5 Beyond this range the No relaxation
water will affect the
mucous membrane and/or
water supply system
6 Total Hardness (as 200 Encrustation in water 600
CaCO3) mg/l, Max supply strucute and
adverse effects on
domestic use
7 Iron (as Fe) mg/l, max 0.3 Beyond this limit No relaxation
taste/appearance are
affected, has adverse
affect on domestic uses
and water supply
structures and promotes
iron bacteria
8 Chloride (as Cl) mg/l, Max 250 Beyond this limit, test, 1000
corrosion and palatability
are affected
9 Free Residual free 0.2 - 1.0
Chlorine, mg/l, Min
10 Fluoride (as F) mg/l, Max 1.0 Fluoride may be kept as 1.5
low as possible. High
fluoride may cause
florosis
11 Dissolved solids mg/l, Max 500 Beyond this palatability 2000
decreases and may cause
gastro intestinal irrigation
12 Calcium (as Ca) mg/l, Max 75 Encrustation in water 200
supply structure and
adverse effects on
domestic use
13 Magnesium (as Mg) mg/l, 30 Encrustation in water 100
Max supply structure and

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S. Substance or Requirement Undesirable Effect Permissible

No. Characteristic (Desirable outside the Desirable limit in the
Limit) limit absence of
alternate
source
Essential Characteristics
adverse effects on
domestic use
14 Copper (as Cu) mg/l, Max 0.05 Astringent taste, 1.5
discoloration and
corrosion of pipes fitting
and utensils will be
caused beyond this
15 Manganese (as Mn) mg/l, 0.1 Beyond this limit 0.3
Max taste/appearance are
affected, has adverse
effect on domestic uses
and water supply
structures
16 Sulphate (as SO4) mg/l, 200 Beyond this causes 400
Max gastro intestinal irritation
when magnesium or
sodium are present
17 Nitrate (as NO3) mg/l, Max 45 Beyond this No relaxation
methaemoglobinemia
takes place
18 Phenolic compounds (as 0.001 Beyond this, it may cause 0.002
C6H5OH) mg/l, Max objectionable taste and
odour
19 Mercury (as Hg) mg/l, Max 0.001 Beyond this, the water No relaxation
become toxic
20 Cadmium (as Cd), mg/l, 0.003 Beyond this the water No relaxation
Max become toxic
21 Selenium (as Se), mg/l, 0.01 Beyond this the water No relaxation
Max become toxic
22 Arsenic (as As), mg/l, Max 0.01 Beyond this the water 0.05
become toxic
23 Cyanide (as CN), mg/l, 0.05 Beyond this the water No relaxation
Max become toxic
24 Lead (as Pb), mg/l, Max 0.01 Beyond this the water No relaxation
become toxic
25 Zinc (as zn), mg/l, Max 5 Beyond this limit it can 15
cause astringent taste
and an opalescene in
water
26 Anionic detergents (as 0.2 Beyond this limit it can 1.0
MBAS), mg/l, Max cause a light froth in water
27 Total Chromium (as Cr) 0.05 May be carcinogenic No relaxation
mg/l, Max above this limit

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S. Substance or Requirement Undesirable Effect Permissible

No. Characteristic (Desirable outside the Desirable limit in the
Limit) limit absence of
alternate
source
Essential Characteristics
28 Polynuclear aromatic 0.0001 May be carcinogenic No relaxation
hydrocarbons (as PAH)
mg/l, Max
29 Mineral oil mg/l Max 0.01 Beyond this undesirable 0.03
and odour chlorination
place
30 Pesticides mg/l Max Absent Toxic 0.001
31 Radioactive materials
a) Alpha emitters Bq/l 0.1 - No relaxation
max 1.0
b) Beta emitters pci/l, - No relaxation
Max
32 Total Alkalinity (as 200 Beyond this limit taste 600
CaCo3)mg/l Max becomes unpleasant
33 Aluminium (as Al), mg/l 0.03 Cumulative effect is report 0.2
Max to cause demntia
34 Boron (as B), mg/l, Max 0.5 - 1.0
35 Ammonia (as total 0.5 No relaxation
ammonia-N) mg/l, Max

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Annexure 1.4

NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS

Pollutant Time Weighted Industrial, Ecologically

Average Residential, Sensitive Area
Rural & Other (notified by
Area Central
Government
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Annual 50 20
µg/m3 24 Hours** 80 80
Nitrogen Dioxide as NO2, Annual 40 30
µg/m3 24 Hours** 80 80
Particulate Matter (size Annual 60 60
less than 10µm) or PM10 24 Hours** 100 100
µg/m3
Particulate Matter (size Annual * 40 40
less than 2.5µm) or 24 Hours** 60 60
PM2.5 µg/m3
Ozone (O3 µg/m3 8 hours** 100 100
1 Hours** 180 180
Lead (Pb) µg/m3 Annual * 0.50 0.50
24 Hours** 1.0 1.0
Carbon Monoxide (CO) 8 Hours** 02 02
mg/m3 1 Hour** 04 04
Ammonia (NH3) µg/m3 Annual * 100 100
24 Hours** 400 400
Benzene (C6H6) µg/m3 Annual * 05 05
Benzo (a) pyrene Annual * 01 01
(BaP)particulate phase
only nm3
Arsenic (AS) ng/m3 Annual * 06 06
3
Nickle (Ni) ng/m Annual * 20 20
Source: Central Pollution Control Board Notification dated 18th November 2009
* Annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year at a particular site taken
twice a week hourly at uniform intervals
** 24 hourly or 08 hourly or 01 hourly monitored values, as applicable, shall be complied with
98% of the time in a year. 2% of the time, they may exceed the limits but not on two
consecutive days of monitoring.

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Annexure 1.5

NATIONAL AMBIENT NOISE STANDARDS

Category of Zones Leq in dB (A)

Day * Night
Industrial 75 70
Commercial 65 55
Residential 55 45
Silence Zone ** 50 40
Source: Central Pollution Control Board
* Day Time is from 6.00 AM to 9.00 PM.
** Silence Zone is defined as an area up to 100m around premises of Hospitals, Educational
Institutions and Courts. Use of vehicle horn, loudspeaker and bursting of crackers is banned in
these zones.

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Annexure 2.1

LAND DETAILS

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Annexure 2.2

NOC from HPSEB

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Annexure 4.1
LIST OF COMMON TREES, SHRUBS, HERBS AND CLIMBERS

Sl. No. Local name English name Botanical name

1. Aam Mango Mangifera indica
2. Aalon - Cassia tora
3. Aerand Castor tree Ricinus communis
4. Ailan - Pieris ovalifolia
5. Akhnor Horse chest-nut Aesculus indica
6. Aira - Sareooa saligna
7. Aisan - Terminalia tomentosa
8. Akash bal Dodder Cuscusta reflexa
9. Akh ,dudla - Calatropis procera
10. Akha Raspberry yellow Rubus paninculatus
11. Akha Raspberry yellow Rubus ellipticus
12. Akha Raspberry red Rubus biflorus
13. Akha - Rubus maoelentus
14. Ambara Hog plum Spondia mangifera
15. Amblu - Antidesma diandrum
16. Amrer - Viburnum ooriaceum
17. Amrud Guava Psidium gavava
18. Amla - Emblica officinalis
19. Aru Peach Prunus persica
20. Arjun The Arjuna Terminalia arjuna
21. Babar grass Bhabar grass Eulaliopsis binata
22. Badah Willow Salix tetrasperma
23. Badrakhan - Rubus nivous
24. Badrol - Machilus duthiei
25. Badrol - Machilus gamblei
26. Badrol /Gharamb - Machilus odoratissima
27. Bhang Hemp Cannabis sativa
28. Bakain /Drek Persian Lflac Melia azadarach
29. Baldekar bal - Technocarpus frutescens
30. Balsam - Impatiens thomsoni
31. Balsam - Impatiens royalei
32. Basam - Impatiens scabrida
33. Ban White oak Quercus incana
34. Ban Aoin/Jawain Wild thyme Thymus serphyllum
35. Ban basuti - Caryopteris vallachians
36. Ban chola - Flemingia semialata
37. Ban kakri - Podophyllum emodii
38. Ban malti Jasmine Jasminum pubescens
39. Badam Almond Prunus amagladus
40. Ban souol - Pagostemon plectranthoides
41. Bana ,Wana - Vitex negundo
42. Banaksha - Viola canescens
43. Bankhor - Spiroao lindleyana
44. Banni Holy oak Quercus glauca
45. Bans ,bauntlu Male bamboo Dendrocalamus stictus
46. Baobring Burn Embelia robusta
47. Ber - Zizyphus mauritiana
48. Barari - Lonicera angustifolia
49. Barh Banyan tree Ficus bengalensis
50. Barna - Crataeva religiosa
51. Baxhahi ,Bilea - Liminia eremulata
52. Barora ,Dudli - Irnohelospermum fragrans
53. Barthiia - Hymenodictyon excelsum
54. Basant - Reinwarditin trigyna

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Sl. No. Local name English name Botanical name

55. Basant jari - Looa aspera
56. Bashal Willow Salix dephnoides
57. Bashal Willow Salix dentifulata
58. Bashal Willow Salix wallichiana
59. Basuti - Adayhoda vasica
60. Batindu - Stephania elegans
61. Batindu - Cissampelos pareira
62. Behera - Terminalla belerica
63. Bhadrun - Gymnosporia royleana
64. Bhakara - Saurauja nepaulenels
65. Bharma/Buarina - Astragalus jacquemontii
66. Bharmala - Euonymus pendulus
67. Bharoos - Echinops echinatus
68. Bhekal - Prinsepie utills
69. Bhirang - Deeringia celosioides
70. Bhurbel - Aspidopterys vallichii
71. Bhurj - Betula utills
72. Bichhu-buti - Urtica dioica
73. Bichhu-buti - Girardinia heterophylloa
74. Bij Bael Tree Aegle Marmelos
75. Braoken - Pteris cretica
76. Bras, Brah - Rhododendron arboretum
77. Broom Grass Broom Grass Thysenaleena agrostis
78. Bukain - Maeoss matriana
79. Celon, Ciloe - Tinospora Malabarica
80. Ceckhbar Tha Fever Nut Caesalpinia bonucella
81. Cha Tea Plant Camellia thea
82. Chakri/Khirki Hornbeam Carpinus viminea
83. Chamar bel - Vitis trifolia
84. Chamar samn - Glochoidion velutinum
85. Champa - Michelia champaca
86. Chamror - Ehretia laevis
87. Charki - Clematis grata
88. Chibru meckrun - Clematis nutans
89. Chikri - Euonymus lazyrus
90. Chil Chir Pine Pinus roxbergii
91. Chilla Aril ornange Caseria tomentosa
92. Chilla Aril ornange Caseria graveolens
93. Chirindi - Litsea Umbrosa
94. Chota Hendru - Myrsine Africana
95. Chirindi - Xylosma longifolium
96. Dadrar - Mimosa rubicaulis
97. Dagur The fig Ficus hispdia
98. Dainther - Solanum Melongeana
99. Datura - Datura straminium
100. Dendru - Deutria corymbosa
101. Dendru - Deutsia sataminea
102. Dendru - Itea nutans
103. Dhak, Palah - Butea monosoerma
104. Dhakkari - Clerodendron phlomidis
105. Dhalu - Chrysopogan fulvus
106. Dhaman - Grewia mainesiana
107. Dhaman beul - Grewia oppositifallia
108. Dhamriana - Grewia laevigata
109. Dhanger - Acacia caesia
110. Dhao - Anogeissus latifolia
111. Dharu/Daru Wild Pomegranate Punica granatum

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Sl. No. Local name English name Botanical name

112. Dhwain - Woodfordia fruticosa
113. Dhullen - Hygrangea altissima
114. Dhup/Dhoop - Jurinia macrocephala
115. Dhur bel - Aspidopterys walliachii
116. Dhur malti jesamine Jasminum arborescens
117. Dhura, Dudla Wild fig Ficus palmate
118. Diar/Kelon Deodar Cadrus deodara
119. Dub the dub Cynodon dactylon
120. Dhurbana, dhura - Buddein asiatica
121. Dudh khal - Vallaris haynei
122. Dudla The fig Ficus nemoralis
123. Dudli - Hypericum cermum
124. Durghari - Mimosa himalayana
125. Duri/Duari Hill toon Cedrala serrata
126. Durpa, Siaru - Buddleia paniculata
127. Dusen - Colebrookia oppositifolis
128. Faindal, jhol The bridal wreath Porana panioulata
129. Fehalsh Pencil cedar Juniperus recurve
130. Fhalsh - Taxus bacoata
131. Gadi kuri - Bridalia retusa
132. Gajal bel - Mucuna prurita
133. Galaodan - Rhamnus triquetra
134. Galeo - Gornus macrophylla
135. Gandla Curry leaf Murraya koenigii
136. -
137. Greru /Pariaru - Erythrnia suberosa
138. Garna, karonda - Carrisa spinarum
139. Gaor bel - Clematis montna
140. Geori bel - Clematis puberula
141. Ghian - Litsaea polyantha
142. Ghanira/Kaner Oleander Nerium odorun
143. Ghin - Elaeagnus umbellate
144. Gida Dakh - Vitis latefollia
145. Gin bhankar - Premna micronata
146. Ginani - Premna barbata
147. Girgithan - Sageretia oppositfolia
148. Girthan - Flueggea microarpa
149. Guilhain padarai - Hamiltonia suaveolens
150. Guj Small leaved elm. Ulnus laevigata
151. Gun Horse chestnut Aesculus indica
152. Gumbar - Gmalina arborea
153. Handbahera - Caroya arborea
154. Harar - Terminalia chebula
155. Hium garna - Capparia sepiarea
156. Ierni - Tylophora hirsute
157. Isabgol - Plantago tibetica
158. Jablota - Jatropha curcas
159. Jacaranda Jacaranda Jacaranda ovalifolia
160. Jagru - Desmodium sambuense
161. Jagra - Desmodium app
162. Jaman The Jaman Syzygium cuminii
163. Jaman Khumb - Crytolepis buchanin
164. Jamani Red currant Ribes rubrum
165. Jamin Bird cherry Prunus cornuta
166. Jhol - Clematis gouriana
167. Jangli - Corylus colurna
badam/thangi

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Sl. No. Local name English name Botanical name

168. Jingru, Jindru - Randia tetrasperma
169. Kachnar - Bauhinia variegate
170. Kahi - Saccharum spontaneum
171. Kail Blue pine Pinus wallichiana
172. Kali basuti - Pagostemon placetranthoides
173. Kainth Wild Madlar Pyrus pashia
174. Kakrain - Pistacia integerrima
175. Kalam - Stephegyna parvifolia
176. Kala Akha - Rubus lasiocarpus
177. Kala Akha - Rosa macrophylla
178. Kala Dhao - Diospyros Montana
179. Kali - Skimmia laureala
180. Kamal - Mallotus philippinensis
181. Kandeu/Charka The Himalayana Holi Ilex dipyena
182. Kandrol - Ficus cunia
183. Kanal 1 - Lonicera quinquelocularis
184. Kaniar The Indian Laburnum Cassia fistula
185. Kangu - Flacourtia ramontchi
186. Kao/Kahu The Indian Olive Olea cuspidate
187. Kao thalihana - Rhamnus purpurea
188. Kapasi - Urena lobata
189. Kaphal - Myrica nagi
190. Kapur minger - Strobilanthes auriculatus
191. Karal - Bauhinia racemosa
192. Karal - Bauhinia malabarica
193. Karal - Baubinia purpurea
194. Karandle - Ficus clavata
195. Karmaru - Albizzia oderatiss in
196. Karmaru - Albizzie julibriss in
197. Karrun/Krun The hill mulberry Morus serrata
198. Karu - Gentiana kuroo
199. Kasa kurl - Trema politoria
200. Kasmiri Patha - Rhpdodendron campanulatum
201. Kasmal Barberry Berberis odgeworhiana
202. Kasmal Barberry Berberis iycium
203. Kasmal Barberry Berberis aristate
204. Kathaman - Eugenia jambolana
205. Katagri - Euonymus echinatus
206. Kath 1 mattu - Indigofera gerardiana
207. Kath 1 mattu - Indigofera dosua
208. Kath 1 mattu - Indigofera pulchella
209. Kath 1 mattu - Indigofera hebepetala
210. kehmble Barberry Lannea coromandalioa
211. Kelon - Cedrus libani
212. Kendu - Diospyros cordifolia
213. Keor Conessi barh tree Holarrhena antidysenerica
214. Khair Khair Acacia eatechu
215. Khajur Date palm Phoenix sylvestris
216. Khalawa - Wrightia tomentosa
217. Kharik Nettle tree Caltis austrelis
218. Kharsu Brown oak Quercus semicarpifolia
219. Khor, Akhrot Walnut Juglans regia
220. Khurmani Apricot Prunus armeniaca
221. Kibal - Rhamnus virgatus
222. Kikal ber - Zizyphus oenoplia
223. Kikkar Babul Acacia Arabica
224. Kinu - Diospyros tomentosa

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Sl. No. Local name English name Botanical name

225. Koi - Alnus nitida
226. Koi - Alnus nepalensis
227. Kujh, Kunj Yams Rosa moschata
228. Kuri, Karsingar - Nyctanthes arbortristis
229. Kuhman - Cordia macleodii
230. Laluan - Lingustrum compactum
231. Lambu - Heteropogon contortus
232. Larandu - Meliosma pungans
233. Lasura Obliqua Cordia dicholama
234. Lasura - Cordia myxa
235. lasuri - Cordia vestita
236. Later chamba - Pterospermum acerifolium
237. Lichi - Nephellum litchi
238. Ligga - Bochmeria regulosa
239. Linger - Asphenium polypodioides
240. Loder - Symplocos crataegoides
241. Lungi - Chrysopogon Montana
242. Magar Thorny bamboo Bambusa arundinacea
243. Mahwa - Bassia latifolia
244. Maiaen hair fern - Adianthum venustum
245. Makhan Tallow tree Sapium sebiferum
246. Mirch Chilli Capsicum indicum
247. Maklain - Pyrus folloisa
248. Makora - Cymbopogon martini
249. Malt1 - Jasminum grandiflorum
250. Malla - Zizyphus nunnuleria
251. Mandar Maple Acer caesium
252. Mandhiara - Andrachna cordifolia
253. Marak - Bischoftia javanica
254. Maral Klm Ulmus wallichiana
255. Margain - Clematis buchananiana
256. Maror phalli - Helicteres isora
257. Mehndru Maple Dodonaea viscose
258. Morindu, Nirgu - Elaeodendron glaucum
259. Mohr - Dendrocalamus hamiltonii
260. Munj - Saccharum minja
261. Murd bel - Dregea volubilis
262. Murian - Helinus lanceolatus
263. Nacchar - Cariaria nepalensis
264. Nagdaun Snake stick Staphylea emodi
265. Nal - Bambusa nutans
266. Nargan China box Murraya exotica
267. Narr - Arundo donax
268. Neem Margosa tree Asadirachta indica
269. Nimbu Lemon tree Citrus medica
270. Nigral - Arundinaria falcate
271. Nigral - Thamnocalenus spathiflora
272. Oh1 - Albizzia stipulate
273. Padara - Leptodermis lanceolata
274. Padara - Boohmeria platyphylla
275. Padara - Ficus infectoria
276. pudeena Mint Mentha viridis
277. Padaren - Wikstroemla canescens
278. Padol - Stereospermum suaveolens
279. Pajja - Prunus padus
280. Palakh - Ficus rumphii
281. Pansara - Wendlandla exserta

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Sl. No. Local name English name Botanical name

282. Parand - Loranthus ligustrinus
283. Parand - Dendrophthoa falcate
284. Pard - Cocculus laurifilius
285. Paror - coculus Laurifllius.
286. Patis - Aconitum Heterophyllum
287. Paulnu, Phulnu - Lantana camera
288. Phsk - Sageretia theezans.
289. Phalsa, Pharuman - Grewia elastica.
290. Phalsh Himalyan Poplar Populus ciliata.
291. Phulal Phulal Acacia modesta
292. Pissubuai, - Boenninghausenia albiflora.
pissumar
293. Pipal Pipal Ficus raligiosa.
294. Puls - Kydia Calyenia.
295. Pura - Ehretia acuminate.
296. Putajan - Putranjiva roxburghil
297. Puth Kanda - Achyranthes aspera
298. Rahan - Litsaea chinensia
299. Rai Himalayan spruce Abies pindrow
300. Raina - Ilex bodiana
301. Rajain, pardesi - Holoptelea integrifolia
302. Ram ban - Agave Americana
303. Ramble - ficus glomerta
304. Rara - Randia duetorum
305. Rattak - Abrus precatorius
306. Rauns - Cotoneaster bacillaris
307. Raunsri - Cotoneaster acuminate
308. Ralan - Caesalpinia sepiara
309. Ralan, Dhangar - Acacia caesia
310. Reru, Karer - Acacia leucophlaea
311. Res. - Cotoneaster microphylla
312. Rhini - Taxillus bestitus
313. Ritha Soap nut Sapindus mukurossi
314. Rob1nia Black locust Robinia pseudoecacia
315. Rudder - Ficus faveolata
316. Rumbal - Ficus glomerata
317. Sal - Shorea robusta
318. Salorh - Pueraria tuberose
319. Samma - Engelhardtla oolebrookoana
320. Sandhrar - Calastrus paniculata
321. Snagtra Orange Citrus aurantium
322. Sannan - Ougelnla oojeinensis
323. Sansaoni - Jasminim officinale
324. Sapri - Periploca calophylla
325. Sarain - Jasminum dispermum
326. Sazap chahali Cobra plant Arisaema wallichianum
327. Saru Pyramidal cypress Cupressus torulosa
328. Safeda - Eucalyptus citriodora
329. Safeda - Eucalyptus spp.
330. Shebtut Mulberry Morus laevigata
331. Shamshad Box wood Buxus aeppervirens
332. Shaur/sharol - Betula alnoides
333. Shinh - Lonicera purpurascens
334. Shupe/Shur Haimalayan Pencil Juniperus macropoda
Cedar
335. Sia, tut - Morus indica
336. Siaru - Debrageasia hypolecua

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Sl. No. Local name English name Botanical name

337. Silver oak - Grevillea robusta
338. Simbal Silk cotton tree Salmallia malabricum
339. Siris kala Black siris Albizzia lebbek
340. Siris safed White siris Albizzia procera
341. Solangen - Millettia auriculata
342. Sonsan - Osyris arborea
343. Sohzard - Jasminum hummle
344. Sahanjna - Moringa pterygospaerma
345. Tagar - Tabernaomontans coronaries
346. Tall, Shisham Sisoo Dalbergia sissoo
347. Taliani - Viburnum nervosum
348. Tat-palanga The Indian Labrunum Oroxylum indicum
349. Tour Camel’s foot climber Bauhinia vahlii
350. Tern1 - Tylophora hirsute
351. Teshu - Rosa sericea
352. Thor - Euphorbia royleana
353. Tirmira - Zanthoxylum alatum
354. Tosh Himalayan spruce Picea smithlana
355. Trembla - Ficus roxburghil
356. Triurl - Spiraea bella
357. Tulsl The tulsl Ocimum sanctum
358. Tun Toon Cedrella toona
359. Tung Wig plant Rhus continus
360. Tung - Pyrus lanata
361. Tu Mulberry Morus alba
362. Ulan - Solanum verbascifolium
363. Valaitu Mesquite Prosopis juliflora
364. Wanu - Hiptage madablota
Source:-Forest working plan Dharmashala division, Dharmashala

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Annexure 4.2
LIST OF BIRDS WITH THEIR CHARATERCTICS

Sl. No. Family Common Name Scientific Name Characteristics

1 Prodicipedidae: Little Grebe Podicepes euficollis Common, Chiefly resident,
Grebes part migratory
2 Prodicipedidae: Red Necked Podiceos crisegena Rare winter visitor: only
Grebes Grebe one sighting at Pong Dam
Lake on 2nd December
1985
3 Pelecanidae : Grey Pelican Pelecanus Not-so-common, resident
Pelicans Philippenais crispua and locally migratory
4 Phalacrocoracidae Little Cormorant Phalacrocoraa niger Not-so-common, Resident
: Cormorants And with local movements
Darter
5 Phalacrocoracidae Darter Anhinca rufa Not-so-common, Resident
: Cormorants And with local movements
Darter
6 Ardeidae : Herons, Grey Heron Ardea Cimerea Common, Residents
Egrets, Bitterns
7 Ardeidae : Herons, Purple Heron Ardea purpurea Not-so-common, Resident
Egrets, Bitterns and local migrant
8 Ardeidae : Herons, Pond Heron Ardaola qrayii Common, Shifting locally
Egrets, Bitterns with drought and food
conditions
9 Ardeidae : Herons, Cattle Egret Bubulcusibis Common, Resident, shows
Egrets, Bitterns altitudinal migration
10 Ardeidae : Herons, Large Egret Ardea alba Common, shifting locally
Egrets, Bitterns with water conditions
11 Ardeidae : Herons, Little Egret Egretta crarzetta Common, shifting locally
Egrets, Bitterns with water conditions
12 Ciconiidae : Storks Painted Stork Mycteria Common, shifting locally
Leucocephala with water conditions
13 Anatidae Ducks, Barheaded Goose Anser indicus Not-so-common, winter
Gease Swans visitor
14 Anatidae Ducks, Pintail Anas Acuta Common, winter visitor
Gease Swans
15 Anatidae Ducks, Common Toal Anas Crecca Common, winter visitor
Gease Swans
16 Anatidae Ducks, Spotbill Or Grey Anas poeci1orhvach Not-so-Common, Resident
Gease Swans Duck and occasionally migratory
17 Anatidae Ducks, Shoveller Anas clypeata Common winter visitor
Gease Swans
18 Anatidae Ducks, Gargeny Or Anas guerguedula Common migratory bird
Gease Swans Bluewinged Teal does not seem to stay at
pong Lake
19 Anatidae Ducks, Mallard Anas piatyrhynchos Common winter visitor
Gease Swans
20 Anatidae Ducks, Gadwall Anas strepera Common winter visitor
Gease Swans
21 Anatidae Ducks, Wigeon Anas penelope Common winter visitor
Gease Swans
22 Anatidae Ducks, Ruddy Bhelduc Tardorna Ferrucinea Common winter visitor
Gease Swans Or Brahminy
Duck;
23 Accipitridae : Black Winged Kite anus caeruleus Common, Resident
Hawks, Vultures, El
Etc
24 Accipitridae : Pariar Rite Milvus migrans Common, Resident

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Sl. No. Family Common Name Scientific Name Characteristics

Hawks, Vultures, covinda
Etc
25 Accipitridae : Braminy Kite Haliastur Indus Common, Affects water
Hawks areas, Resident
26 Accipitridae : Shirka Accipiter badius Common, Resident
Hawks
Accipitridae : Tawny Eagle Aquila rapax Common, Resident
Hawks
27 Accipitridae : Black Or King Sarcoqyps calvds Common, Resident
Hawks Vulture

28 Accipitridae : WHITEBACKED Gyps beneqalansis Common, Resident

Hawks OR BENGAL
Vuljrure

29 Accipitridae : Whiter Scavenger Neophron Not so-common, winter

Hawks Vulture Or percnopterus visitor
Pharaoh's
Chicken

30 Accipitridae : Crested Serpent spilornis cheela Common, Resident,

Hawks Eagle possibly subject to some
local migration
31 Accipitridae : Osprey Pandion haliaetus Not so-common, winter
Hawks visitor
32 Accipitridae : Margh Harrier Circus aeruqinosus Not-so-common winter
Hawks visitor
33 Falognidae : Kestrel Falco tinnunculus Not-so-common winter
Falcons visitor
34 Phasianidae: Partridge Prancolinus Common, Resident
Pheasants,' francolinus
Patridges, Duails
Etc. BLACK
35 Phasianidae: Grey Partridge Prancolinus Common, Resident
Pheasants,' pondicerianus
Patridges, Duails
Etc. BLACK
36 Phasianidae: Grey Quail Coturnix coturnix More common in winter
Pheasants,'
Patridges, Duails
Etc. BLACK
37 Phasianidae: Jungle Bush Quail Perdicula asiatica Common, Resident
Pheasants,'
Patridges, Duails
Etc. BLACK
38 Phasianidae: Red Jungle Fowl Gallus gallus Common, Resident
Pheasants,'
Patridges, Duails
Etc. BLACK
39 Phasianidae: Common Peafowl Pavo cristatus Not-so-common, Resident
Pheasants,'
Patridges, Duails
Etc. BLACK
40 Rallidae :Rails, White Breasted Amaurornis Common, Resident
Coots Waterhen phoenicurus
41 Rallidae :Rails, Moorhen Gallinula choropus Common; seen in winter
Coots only
42 Rallidae :Rails, Coot Fulica atra common; Seen in winter
Coots only

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Sl. No. Family Common Name Scientific Name Characteristics

43 Rallidae :Rails, Purple Moorhen Porphyrio porphyrio Common in winter season
Coots
44 Recurvirstridae ; Blackwinged Stilt Himantopus Not so-common, seen only
Stilt, Avocets himantopus towards adjoining Punjab
areas
45 Burhinidae : Stone Stone Curlew Burhinus oedicnamus Common, Resident
Curlews
46 Burhinidae : Stone Great Stone Esacus maqnirostris Not-so-common,seen at
Curlews Plover pong lake in winter only
47 Glareolidae Small Indian Glareola lactas Common, seen at Pong
:Coursers, Pratimcole Lake on in summer and
Pratincoles rainy season
48 CHARADRIIDAE Red Wattled Vanallus indicus Common, Resident
:Pi Overs, Lapwing
Sandpipers, Snipe
49 CHARADRIIDAE Lapwing Or Vanellus vanellus Common, Winter, visitor
:Pi Overs, Peewit Or Green
Sandpipers, Snipe Plover

50 CHARADRIIDAE Little Ringed Charadrius dubius Common, Noticed at the

:Pi Overs, Plover lake in Summer and winter
Sandpipers, Snipe
51 CHARADRIIDAE Common Trinqa hypoleucos Common in Winter
:Pi Overs, Sandpiper
Sandpipers, Snipe
52 CHARADRIIDAE Common Trinqa totanus Common, Winter visitor
:Pi Overs, Redshank
Sandpipers, Snipe
53 CHARADRIIDAE Greenshank Trinqa ochropus Common, Winter visitor
:Pi Overs,
Sandpipers, Snipe
54 CHARADRIIDAE Green Sandpiper Trinqa ochropus Common, Winter visitor
:Pi Overs,
Sandpipers, Snipe
55 CHARADRIIDAE Temminck's Stint alidris temminckii Common, Winter visitor
:Pi Overs,
Sandpipers, Snipe
56 CHARADRIIDAE Snipe Gallinaqospp Not-so-common, winter
:Pi Overs, visitor
Sandpipers, Snipe
57 CHARADRIIDAE Spjrwinged Vanellus spinosus Common in winter
:Pi Overs, Lapwing
Sandpipers, Snipe
58 Laridae : Gulls, Indian River Tern Sterna aurantia Common, Resident
Terns
59 Laridae : Gulls, Black Bellied Tern Sterns acuticaula Common, Resident
Terns
60 Laridae : Gulls, Black Headed Larus rldibundus Common, winter visitor to
Terns Gull the Pong Dem Lake
61 Laridae : Gulls, Great Black Larus idhthvaetus Common, winter visitor to
Terns Headed Gull the Pong Dem Lake
62 Pterclididae Blue Rock Pigeon Columba livia Common, Resident
:Sandgrouse
63 Pterclididae Indian Ring Dove Streptopelia Common, Resident
:Sandgrouse decapcto
64 Pterclididae Spotted Dove Streptopelia Common, Resident
:Sandgrouse Chlnensis
65 Pterclididae Red Turtle Dove Streptopelia Common, Resident
:Sandgrouse tranquebarica

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Sl. No. Family Common Name Scientific Name Characteristics

66 Pterclididae Little Brown Dove Streptopelia Common, Resident
:Sandgrouse senagalensls
67 Psittacidae:Parrots Alakndrine Paittacula Supatria Common, Resident and
Parakeet locally migratory
68 Psittacidae:Parrots Rose Ringed Paittacula Krameri Common, Resident
Parakeet
69 Psittacidae:Parrots Slatyheaded PsittaculaHimalavana Common, Altitudinal winter
Parakeet migrant

70 Psittacidae:Parrots Blossom Headed Psittacula Common, Resident

Parakeet Cvanocephala

71 Cuculidae : Pied Crested Clamator Iacobinus Common, Monsoon Visitor

Cuckoos Cuckoo

72 Cuculidae : Common Hawk Ccuculus Varlus Common, Resident And

Cuckoos Cuckoo Or Migrates Locally
Eraiafever Bird
73 Cuculidae : Indian Cuckoo Cuelus Micropterus Common During Rains
Cuckoos
74 Cuculidae : The Cuckoo Cuelus Canorus Common, Resident And
Cuckoos Migration Locally
75 Cuculidae : Koel Eudvnamya Common, Resident And
Cuckoos Scolopacea Migration Locally
76 Cuculidae : Sirkeer Cuckoo Taccocua Not-So-Common, Resident
Cuckoos 1eschanaultii
77 Cuculidae : Crow Pheasant Centropus Sinensis Common, Resident
Cuckoos Or Coucal
78 Strigidae : Owls Spotted Owlet Athena Brama Common, Resident

79 Strigidae : Owls Jungle Owlet Glauodium Radiatum Not-So-Common, Resident

80 Strigidae : Owls Great Horned Owl Bubo Bubo Common, Resident

81 Caprimulgidae : Common Indian Caprimulgus Common, Resident
Nightjars Nightjar asiaticus
82 Apodidae : House Swift Apus affinis Common, Resident
Swifts
83 Apodidae : Himalayan Collocalia brevirostris Common, Resident
Swifts Swiftlet
84 Alcedinidae : Lsseer Pied Crvle rudis Common, Residentary
Kingfishers Kingfisher
85 Alcedinidae : Common Alcedo atthis Common, Residentary
Kingfishers Kingfisher
86 Alcedinidae : White Breasted Halcyon smyrnensis Common, Residentary
Kingfishers Kingfisher
87 Meropidae Bee- Chestnut Headed Merops leschenaulti Common, Residentary,
Eaters Bee-Eater Distribution quite patchy in
the foothills of Himalayas
88 Meropidae Bee- Green Bee-Eater Merops orientalis Common, Resident, Not as
Eaters common in winter as during
summer & rains
89 Coraciidae : Indian Rooler Coracias carrulus Common, Resident
Rollers
90 Upupidae : Hoopoe Upupa spops Common, Resident
Hoopoes
91 Bucerotidae : Common Grey Tockus birostris Common, Resident,
Hornbills Hornbill Subject to local movements
looking for fruit bearing
trees

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Sl. No. Family Common Name Scientific Name Characteristics

92 Capitonidae : Large Green Meqalaima zevlenica Common, Resident
Barbas Barset
93 Capitonidae : Crimson Breasted Meqalaima Common, Resident
Barbas Barget, haemacephala
Coppersmith

94 Picidae : Goldenebacked Dinopium Common, Resident

Woodpeckers Wood Pecker benghalensa
Lesser
95 Picidae : Black Naped Picus canus Common, Altitudinal winter
Woodpeckers Green Mood
Lesser Pscher

96 Picidae : Mahratta Dandro-copos Common, Resident

Woodpeckers Woodpecker mahrattensis
Lesser
97 Picidae : Himalayan. Picus squamatua Common, Altitudnel
Woodpeckers Scalyb Ellied migrant
Lesser Green
Woodpecker
98 Picidae : Wryneck Jynx torginllla Common, Seen in winter
Woodpeckers
Lesser
99 Pittidae : Pittas Indian Pitta Pitta brachyura Not-so-common, Seasonal
migrant, seen during
summer & rains
100 Alaudidae : Larks Singing Bush Lark Mirafra Javanica Common, Resident
101 Alaudidae : Larks Ashycrow,Ned Eremoptarix qrisea Common, Resident
Finch-Lark
102 Alaudidae : Larks Crested Lark Galerida cristats Common, Resident
103 Alaudidae : Larks Skylark Alauda gulcrule Common, winter visitor
104 Alaudidae : Larks Red Winged Bush Mirafra erythroptara No-so-mommon
Lark
105 Alaudidae : Larks Calandra Lark Melanocorypha Spp Common, Winter visitor
106 Alaudidae : Larks India Sand Lark Calendrella revtal Common, Resident
107 Hirundinidae: Plain Sand Martin Riparia paludicola Common, Resident,
Swallos subject to local
movements
108 Hirundinidae: Swallow Hirundo rustica Common in Summer
Swallos
109 Hirundinidae: Wirs Tailed Hirundo smithii Common, Resident, more
Swallos Swallow common in summer
110 Hirundinidae: Indian Cliff Hirundo fluvicola Common ,Resident, more
Swallos Swallow common in summer
111 Hirundinidae: Striated Or Hirundo dauriea Not-so-common Winter
Swallos Redrumped visitor
Swallow
112 Laniidae : Shrikes Rufous Backed Lanius schech Common, Resident
Shriks
113 Oriolidie : Orioles Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus Common during summer
and rains
114 Oriolidie : Orioles Black Headed Oriolus traillii Common, Resident,
Oriole subject to local migration
115 Oriolidie : Orioles Maroonvoriole Oriolus xanthornus Not-so-common, Resident,
subject to loc migration
116 Dicrjridae : Black Drongo Or Dicrurus adsimilis Common Resident
Drongos Aing-Crow
117 Dicrjridae : Black Drongo Or Dicrurus Common Resident
Drongos Aing-Crow caarulescens

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Sl. No. Family Common Name Scientific Name Characteristics

118 Sturnidae: Black Headed Or Sturnus pagodarurn Common, Resident but
Starilings, Mynas Brahminy My An capricious
119 Sturnidae: Pied Myna Sturnus contra Common, Resident
Starilings, Mynas
120 Sturnidae: Common Myna Acridotherss tristis Common, Myna
Starilings, Mynas
121 Sturnidae: Bank Myny Acridotherss Common, Resident
Starilings, Mynas qinginianus
122 Sturnidae: Jungle Myna Acridotherss fuscus Common, Resident
Starilings, Mynas
123 Corvidae : Crows, Indian Tree Pie Dendrocitta Common, Resident
Magies, Jays etc vagabunda
124 Corvidae : Crows, Hojee Crow Corvus splendens Common, Resident, shows
Magies, Jays etc diurnal local migration
125 Corvidae : Crows, Jongle Crow Corvus Common, Resident shows
Magies, Jays etc macrorhvnchos diurnal local migration
126 Corvidae : Crows, Pjnjab Raven Not-so-common, Seenin
Magies, Jays etc the month of Septa
85
127 Campephagtdae : Common Wood Tephrodornis Common, Resident
Cuckoo-Shrikes Shriks pondicerianus
and Minivets
128 Campephagtdae : Scarlet Minivet peri crocotus Common, Resident, shows
Cuckoo-Shrikes flamueus altitudinal winter migration
and Minivets
129 Campephagtdae : Small Minivet Pericrocotus Common, Resident
Cuckoo-Shrikes cinnsmomaus
and Minivets
130 Irenidae: Fairy Common Uora Aegithins tiphia Common, Resident
Blue Bird, Ioras
and Leaf Bird
131 Pycnonitidae: Whitecheeked Pycnontus Common, Resident
Bulbuls Bulbul leucoganys
132 Pycnonitidae: Redvented Bulbul Pycnontus Cafer Common, Resident
Bulbuls
133 Pycnonitidae: Black Bulbul Hypsipates Common in winters, shows
Bulbuls madacascariensis altitudinal winter migration
134 Muscicapidae : Slaty-Headed Pematorhinus Common, Resident
Babblers, Gcimitar-E Abbler schisticaps
Flycatchers,
Werblers, ruhhes
and Chats
135 Muscicapidae : Turdoides striatus Common, Resident
Babblers, JUNGLE
Flycatchers, BABBLER
Werblers, ruhhes
and Chats
136 Muscicapidae : Common Babbler Turdoides caudatus Common, Resident
Babblers,
Flycatchers,
Werblers, ruhhes
and Chats
137 Muscicapidae : Striatsd Babbler Turdeides cariei Resident, Common
Babblers,
Flycatchers,
Werblers, ruhhes
and Chats
138 Muscicapidae : Ysllow Syed Chrvsomma sinenss Common, Resident
Babblers, Babbler

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Sl. No. Family Common Name Scientific Name Characteristics

Flycatchers,
Werblers, ruhhes
and Chats
139 Muscicapidae : Spotted Babbler Pellorneum rufjeeps
Babblers, Not-so-common, Resident
Flycatchers,
Werblers, ruhhes
and Chats
140 Muscicapidae : Verditer Muscicapa thalassina Common, Profuse during
Babblers, Flycatcher summer and rain seasons
Flycatchers,
Werblers, ruhhes
and Chats
141 Muscicapidae : Grey Headed Culicicapa Common, Seen in all the
Babblers, Flycatcmer cevlonensis seasons in these foothill
Flycatchers, areas
Werblers, ruhhes
and Chats
142 Muscicapidae : Paradise Terpsiphone paredisi Common, Seen mostly in
Babblers, Flycatcher spring season
Flycatchers,
Werblers, ruhhes
and Chats
143 Muscicapidae : White Throated Rhipidura albicollis Common, Altitudinal winter
Babblers, Fantail Flycatcher migrant
Flycatchers,
Werblers, ruhhes
and Chats
144 Muscicapidae : Yellow Ballied Rhipidura Common, Alticudinal winter
Babblers, Fantail Plycatcher hvpexantha migrant
Flycatchers,
Werblers, ruhhes
and Chats
145 Sylviinae Tailor Bird Orhotomus sutorius Common, Resident
:Warblars
146 Sylviinae Indian Great Reed Acrocophalus Common, Winter visitor
:Warblars Warbler stantoreus
147 Sylviinae Northern Ashy- Prinia spp. Common, Seen in summer
:Warblars Grey Hren and Rains
Warblsr
148 Sylviinae Brown Leaf Phvlioscopus Common, Winter visitor
:Warblars Warbler Or collybita
Chiffchapf
149 Sylviinae Plain Leaf Phviloscopus Common, Winter visitor
:Warblars Warbler neglectua
150 Sylviinae Tickell’s LEAF Phviloscopus affinis Common, Winter visitor
:Warblars WARBLER
151 Sylviinae Pallas's Leaf Phyiloscopus Common, Winter visitor
:Warblars Warbler prorequlus
152 Sylviinae Blyth's Leaf Phyioscopus Common, Winter visitor
:Warblars Warbler lfequloides
153 Sylviinae Rufous Wheh- Primia rufeecens Common, Resident
:Warblars Warbler
154 Turdiae : Thrushes Blue Throat Brithacus svecicus Common, Winter visitor
and Chats
155 Turdiae : Thrushes Magpie-Robin Or Copsychus saularis Common, Resident
and Chats Dhyal
156 Turdiae : Thrushes Black Red Stard Phognicurus Common, an altitudinal
and Chats ochrures winter migrant

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Sl. No. Family Common Name Scientific Name Characteristics

157 Turdiae : Thrushes Plumbeous Phyacornis Common, an altitudinal
and Chats Redstart fuliqinosus winter migrant
158 Turdiae : Thrushes Whits Capped Chaimarrornis Common, distinctively an
and Chats Redstart Or River leucocephalus altitudinal winter migrant
Chat
159 Turdiae : Thrushes Indian Robin Saxicoloides fulicsts Common, Resident
and Chats
160 Turdiae : Thrushes Pied Bush Chat Saxicola forrea Common, Resident
and Chats
161 Turdiae : Thrushes Dark Grey Bush Saxicola forrea Common, an altitudinal
and Chats migrant
162 Turdiae : Thrushes Blue Rock Thrush Monticol a soclitarius Common, Seen during
and Chats summer and winter in
Himalayan foothills
163 Turdiae : Thrushes Blue Whistling Mviophonus Common, an altitudinal
and Chats Thrush caeruleus winter visitor
164 Turdiae : Thrushes STONE CHAT Or Saxicola; torguata Common, found in the
and Chats COLLARED Pong Dem Lake areas
BUSH CHAT during
summer and Winter
165 Turdiae : Thrushes Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe Not-so-common, Seen in
and Chats November-December’s 85
at the pong Dam Lake
166 Turdiae : Thrushes Brown Rock Chat Cercomela fusca Common, Resident
and Chats
167 Cinclidae : Dippers West Himalayan Cinclus Dallasii Not-so-common, Resident
Brown Dipper
168 Paridas : Tits or Grsy Tit Perus major Common, Resident
Titmics
169 Paridas : Tits or Green Hacked Tit Parus montic'olus Not-So-common, winter
Titmics visitor
170 Sittidae : Chestnutdsllied Sitta castanaa Not-so-common, Resident
Nuthatches, Nuthatch
Creepers
171 Sittidae : Wall Creeper Tichodroma muraria Common, A distinctive
Nuthatches, altitudinal wint migrant to
Creepers the Pong Dem Lake areas
172 Certhiidae : Tree Himalayan Tres Certhls himelevana Common, an altitudinal
Creepars Creeper winter migrant
173 Motacillldae :Pipits Tree Pipit Anthus trivial is Common, Winter visitor
and wagtial
174 Motacillldae :Pipits Brown Rock Pipit Anthus similis Common, Resident, more
and wagtail seen during winter season
at the Pong Dam lake
175 Motacillldae :Pipits Padoyfield Pipit anthus Common, Mostly seen
and wagtail novueseolandiee during summer the Pong
Dem Lake areas
176 Motacillldae :Pipits White Wagtail Motacilla albs Common, Winter visitor
and wagtail
177 Motacillldae :Pipits Yellow Wagtail Motacill a flava Common, Winter visitor
and wagtail
178 Motacillldae :Pipits Indian Tree Pipip Anthus hodosoni Common, more commonly
and wagtail seen during Winter season
in the Pong Dem Lake area
179 Motacillldae :Pipits Tawny Pipit Anthus campestris Common, seen in Winter
and wagtial
180 Motacillldae :Pipits Redthroated Pipit Common, seen in Winter
and wagtial Cervinus
181 Dicaeidae: Ticktll’s Flower Diceeum Common, Resident

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Sl. No. Family Common Name Scientific Name Characteristics

Flowerpeckers Pecker ervthrorhynchos
182 NECTARINIIDAE: PJRPLE Aethopyja asiatica Common, Resident
Sun Birds SUNBIRD
183 NECTARINIIDAE: YELLOW Aethopyja siparai Common, Seen moi
Sun Birds BACKED common during winter
SUNBIRD season in these foot hill
areas
184 Zosteropidae: White Eye Zostarops Common, Resident
Whita Eye palpebrosa
185 Plocetdae : House Sparrow Pesser domes ficus Common, Resident
Weaver Birds
186 Plocinae :Weaver Baya Ploceus phi lipoinus Common, Resident
Birds, Bayas
187 Estrididae: Red Munta Or Estrilde onsndava Common, Resident
Avadavat, Munias Avadavat
188 Estrididae: White Throated Lonchura Malabarica Common, Resident
Avadavat, Munias Munta
189 Estrididae: White Backed Lonchura striata Common, Resident
Avadavat, Munias Munta
190 Estrididae: Spotted Munta Lonchura panctulata Common, Resident
Avadavat, Munias
191 Fringillidae : Common Rose Caroodncus Not-so-common, Resident
Finches Filch erythrinus
192 Dmberieldae : CRESTED Melophue lathami Common, Resident
Buntings BJNTING
Source: - Dharmashala Forest division, Dharmashala

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Annexure 4.3 I

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Annexure 4.3 II

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Annexure 4.3 III

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Annexure 4.3 IV

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Annexure 4.4
FOREST RIGHT ACT PUBLIC CONSULTATION

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Annexure 6.1
COMPANSATORY AFFORESTATION

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Annexure 6.2
NPV VALUE FOR FOREST

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