CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

1. Mệnh đề điều kiện là mệnh đề phụ chỉ điều kiện, được nối với mệnh đề chính (main clause) bởi liên
từ IF nên còn được gọi là mệnh đề if (If-clause).
TYPE IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
(mệnh đề điều kiện) (mệnh đề chính)
1. Real in the present or future
If + present simple, S + will/can/shall /may + (not) + V (bare-inf.)
(có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai)
2. Unreal in the present If + past simple,
S + would/could + (not) + V(bare-inf.)
(không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại) (be  were)
3. Unreal in the past
If + past perfect, S + would/could + have + (not) + V3/ed
(không thể xảy ra ở quá khứ)

+ Mệnh đề điều kiện có thể đứng trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính.

+ Unless = If…not

B. EXERCISES
I. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets. (Conditional Sentence Type I)
1. If you ________________ (study), you will pass the test.

2. If it ____________________ (rain), we will stay indoors.

3. She will call you if she ___________________ (have) time.

4. If they _____________________ (not hurry), they will miss the bus.

5. We will go for a walk if the weather _____________________ (be) nice.

6. If I ____________________ (finish) my work early, I will watch a movie.

7. He will be upset if you _____________________ (not apologize).

8. If you ____________________ (touch) that wire, you will get a shock!

9. I will be surprised if she _____________________ (not come) to the meeting.

10. If we _____________________ (buy) the tickets now, we won’t have to wait later.
II. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets. (Conditional Sentence Type II)
1. If I _____________________ (have) a car, I would drive to school.
2. She _____________________ (travel) more if she had more money.
3. If it _____________________ (not rain), we would go to the park.
4. He would help you if he _____________________ (know) the answer.
5. If I _____________________ (be) taller, I would play basketball.
6. They _____________________ (come) with us if they weren’t busy.
7. If we _____________________ (live) in the city, we would go out more.
8. I would call him if I _____________________ (have) his number.
9. If you _____________________ (study) more, you would get better grades.
10. She _____________________ (not make) that mistake if she were more careful.
III. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets. (Conditional Sentence Type III)
1. If I _____________________ (study) harder, I would have passed the exam.
2. She would have come if you _____________________ (invite) her.
3. If they _____________________ (leave) earlier, they wouldn’t have missed the train.
4. He _____________________ (not crash) the car if he had driven carefully.
5. If we _____________________ (know) about the traffic, we would have taken another road.
6. I would have helped you if I _____________________ (be) there.
7. If she _____________________ (not forget) her ID, she would have entered the building.
8. We _____________________ (win) the game if we had practiced more.
9. If you had told me the truth, I _____________________ (forgive) you.
10. They would have enjoyed the trip if the weather _____________________ (be) better.
IV. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.
1. If I see him, I _________________________(give) him a gift.
2. If I had a typewriter, I __________________(type) it myself.
3. If I had known that you were in hospital, I __________________(visit) you.
4. You could make better progress if you __________________(attend) class regularly.
5. If I __________________(know) his telephone number, I’d give it to you.
6. If you __________________(arrive) ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat.
7. He could get a job easily if he __________________(have) a degree.
8. I shouldn’t have believed it if I __________________ (not see) it with my own eyes.
9. If he __________________(study) hard, he can pass the exam.
10. If she had asked you, you __________________(accept)?
11. Rice plants __________________(grow) well if there is enough rain.
12. He might get fat if he __________________(stop) smoking.
13. What you __________________(do) if you found a burglar in your house?
14. If she __________________ (not hurry), she may be late.
15. If I __________________(try) again, I think that I would have succeeded.
16. Water __________________ (not run) downhill if there were not gravity.
17. If I tell you a secret, you __________________(promise) not to tell it to anyone else?
18. Tell him to ring me if you __________________(see) him.
19. The police __________________(arrest) him if they catch him.
20. If you __________________(speak) more slowly, he might have understood you.
21. If he worked more slowly, he __________________ (not make) so many mistakes.
22. I shouldn’t drink that wine if I__________________(be) you.
23. If I __________________(find) a cheap room, I will stay a fortnight.
24. A lot of people __________________(be) out of work if the factory closed down.

25. If it__________________(rain), we will cancel the picnic.

26. If I__________________(know) his number, I would call him.

27. She would have passed the test if she__________________(study) harder.

28. If they__________________(arrive) late, they won’t get seats.

29. If I__________________(be) rich, I would buy a mansion.

30. We__________________(go) to the party if we had been invited.

V. Choose the best answer for each of the following sentences.
1. If the oceans _____of fresh water, there_____ plenty of water to irrigate all the deserts on earth.
A. is / will be B.were / would be C. would be / were. D. had been / would have been
2. If you_____to me, you wouldn’t have got so much trouble.
A. listened B. would listen C. had listened D. Would have listened
3. If you don’t know how to spell a word, you_____ look it up in the dictionary.
A. must B. will C. should D. ought
4. If the sun _____, we _____for a walk.
A. shines / will go B. shone / will go C. shone / would go D. had shone / would go
5. The campfire__________________if it__________________last night.
A. wouldn’t be cancelled / hadn’t rained B. wouldn’t have been cancelled / hadn’t rained
C. would have been cancelled / hadn’t rained D. will be cancelled / rains
6. But for our parents, we__________________successful in life.
A. will never be B. would never be C. wouldn’t have be D. would have never been
7. If I__________________my wallet at home this morning, I__________________money for lunch now.
A. leave / will have B. didn’t leave / would have
C. hadn’t left / would have D. hadn’t left / would have had
8. It is too bad, Lam isn’t here. If he__________________here, he__________________what to do.
A. were / would know B. is / will know
C. had been / would have known D. was / would know
9. If we__________________the plans carefully, we would not have had so many serious mistakes.
A. study B. had studied C. studied D. were studying
VI. Make conditional sentences according to the facts provided.
1. Keep silent or you’ll wake the baby up.
_____________________________________________.
2. Because you don’t leave immediately, I call a policeman.
_____________________________________________.
3. I don’t know her number, so I don’t ring her up.
_____________________________________________.
4. Go right now or you’ll be late for the train.
_____________________________________________.
5. As she is often absent from class, she can’t keep pace with her classmates.
_____________________________________________.
6. I couldn’t write to Alice because I didn’t know her address.
_____________________________________________.
7. I don’t know the answer, so I can’t tell you.
_____________________________________________.
8. We got lost because we didn’t have a map.
_____________________________________________.
9. His friends were so late, so they missed the train.
_____________________________________________.
10. Today isn’t Sunday, so the pupils can’t go swimming.
_____________________________________________.
11. The heavy rain kept everybody from going out.
_____________________________________________.
12. This chair is too heavy for him to move.
_____________________________________________.
13. He had a flu because he went out in the rain last night.
_____________________________________________.
14. The church bells keep me from sleeping.
_____________________________________________.