or bash
Command to change Hostname-
Command to start Apache2 Server-
Command to fix broken packages-
Semi-colon operator (;) -
Whether 1st command executes or not 2nd command will definitely executes.
e.g.- cd Desktops ; ls
here 1st command will not executes but 2nd will.
(&&) command operator-
Here both commands should execute.
e.g.- cd Desktop && ls
(||) command operator-
Here at least one commands should execute. Agar 1 st execute ho gaya toh 2nd
wala execute nhi hoga.
e.g.- cd Desktops || ls
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Top 50 Linux Commands You Must Know as a Regular User-
1. ls - The most frequently used command in Linux to list directories
2. pwd - Print working directory command in Linux
3. cd - Linux command to navigate through directories
4. mkdir - Command used to create directories in Linux
5. mv - Move or rename files in Linux
6. cp - Similar usage as mv but for copying files in Linux
7. rm - Delete files or directories
8. touch - Create blank/empty files
9. ln - Create symbolic links (shortcuts) to other files
10. cat - Display file contents on the terminal
11. clear - Clear the terminal display
12. echo - Print any text that follows the command
13. less - Linux command to display paged outputs in the terminal
14. man - Access manual pages for all Linux commands
15. uname - Linux command to get basic information about the OS
16. whoami - Get the active username
17. tar - Command to extract and compress files in Linux
18. grep - Search for a string within an output
19. head - Return the specified number of lines from the top
20. tail - Return the specified number of lines from the bottom
21. diff - Find the difference between two files
22. cmp - Allows you to check if two files are identical
23. comm - Combines the functionality of diff and cmp
24. sort - Linux command to sort the content of a file while outputting
25. export - Export environment variables in Linux
26. zip - Zip files in Linux
27. unzip - Unzip files in Linux
28. ssh - Secure Shell command in Linux
29. service - Linux command to start and stop services
30. ps - Display active processes
31. kill and killall - Kill active processes by process ID or name
32. df - Display disk filesystem information
33. mount - Mount file systems in Linux
34. chmod - Command to change file permissions
35. chown - Command for granting ownership of files or folders
36. ifconfig - Display network interfaces and IP addresses
37. traceroute - Trace all the network hops to reach the destination
38. wget - Direct download files from the internet
39. ufw - Firewall command
40. iptables - Base firewall for all other firewall utilities to interface with
41. apt, pacman, yum, rpm - Package managers depending on the distro
42. sudo - Command to escalate privileges in Linux
43. cal - View a command-line calendar
44. alias - Create custom shortcuts for your regularly used commands
45. dd - Majorly used for creating bootable USB sticks
46. whereis - Locate the binary, source, and manual pages for a command
47. whatis - Find what a command is used for
48. top - View active processes live with their system usage
49. useradd and usermod - Add new user or change existing users data
50. passwd - Create or update passwords for existing users
The touch command in Linux-
To create a new file, the touch command will be used. The touch keyword followed
by the file name will create a file in the current directory.
root@ubuntu:~# touch <file name>
The diff, comm, and cmp commands-
Linux offers multiple commands to compare files. The diff, comm, and cmp
commands compare differences and are some of the most useful Linux commands
you must know. Let’s see the default outputs for all the three commands.
root@ubuntu:~# diff <file 1> <file 2>
The ifconfig and traceroute commands-
Moving on to the networking section in Linux, we come across the ifconfig and traceroute
commands which will be frequently used if you manage a network.
The ifconfig command will give you the list of all the network interfaces along with the IP
addresses, MAC addresses and other information about the interface.
root@ubuntu:~ -->> ifconfig
The cal command in Linux-
Ever wanted to view the calendar in the terminal? Me neither! But there apparently
are people who wanted it to happen and well here it is.
The cal command displays a well-presented calendar on the terminal. Just enter the
word cal on your terminal prompt.
root@ubuntu:~# cal
root@ubuntu:~# cal May 2019
The useradd and usermod commands-
The useradd or adduser commands are the exact same commands where adduser
is just a symbolic link to the useradd command. This command allows us to create a
new user in Linux.
root@ubuntu:~# useradd JournalDev -d /home/JD
The passwd command in Linux-
Now that you know how to create new users, let’s also set the password for them.
The passwd command lets you set the password for your own account, or if you
have the permissions, set the password for other accounts.
The command usage is pretty simple:
root@ubuntu:~# passwd
New password:
The ssh command in Linux-
The ssh command allows us to connect to an external machine on the network with
the use of the ssh protocol. The basic syntax of the ssh command is:
root@ubuntu:~ -->> ssh username@hostname
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