A Project Report

ON THE JOB TRAINING

(OJT)

By:
Subash Shrestha

Submitted To:
Department of Civil Engineering
Shree Jansewa Secondary
School

Date of submission:
2082/03/15

1
 A Project Report
ON THE JOB TRAINING (OJT)

In partial fulfilment of requirements for the

TSEE in
Civil Engineering

By:
Subash Shrestha

Under the guidance of

Er. Sagar Bhusal

Department of Civil Engineering

Shree Jansewa Secondary School
Sunwal-6/Bisasaya,Nawalparasi

Date:
2082/03/15

2
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled “OJT” has been carried out by
team of students under our supervision in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the TSEE at Shree Jansewa secondary school, Lumbini,
Nepal.

Student Name: Subash Shrestha

Date: 2081/12/30 to 2082/03/20

Place: Jansewa Secondary School, Bisasaya

Supervisor Head Of Department Principal

Name: Dipesh Kanwar Name: Er Sagar Bhusal Fan Prasad Shrestha

Designation:……………………………….

Schoool:
Shree Jansewa Secondary School

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 Acknowledgement

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Mr. Dipesh

Kanwar for his continuous guidance, support, and encouragement
throughout my On-the-Job Training (OJT) period. His valuable
suggestions and insights greatly contributed to my learning
experience.

I am also thankful to Shree Jansewa Secondary School for

providing me with this opportunity to participate in the OJT
program.The knowledge and skills I gained during this training
have been truly beneficial for my professional development.

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 Abstract
This project report presents a detailed account of the one-month
job training program conducted at Shree Jansewa Secondary School,
located at Sunwal-6, Bisasaya. The training aimed to enhance practical
knowledge and technical skills relevant to the trainee’s academic
background. During the training period, I was assigned the role of a
trainee, where I actively engaged in learning and practicing various
software tools essential for technical and administrative tasks.

The primary focus of the training was on mastering AutoCAD

software, where I learned to create basic technical drawings and layouts.
In addition, I performed small estimations related to construction or
design work and gained introductory knowledge of Microsoft Word for
documentation purposes. I also learned to use Microsoft Excel, which
improved my data handling and organizational abilities.

This hands-on experience significantly contributed to my

understanding of real-world applications of classroom learning. It not
only strengthened my technical abilities but also introduced me to the
discipline, responsibility, and workflow of a professional environment.
The training has laid a strong foundation for my future career by
combining both practical skills and workplace experience.

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 Table of contents

S.N CONTENTS Page.no

1 Certificate 3
2 Acknowledgement 4
3 Abstract 5
4 Introduction 7
4.1 About the organization 7
4.2 Training Objectives 8
4.3 Training Schedule and Activities 8
5 Chapter 1: Engineering Drawing / AutoCAD 9
5.1 Floor plan 9-10
5.2 Elevation 11
5.3 Section 12
5.4 Location plan 13
6 Chapter 2: Estimation, Costing, and Supervision 14
6.1 Introduction 14
6.2 Quantity Estimation Sheet 15-16
6.3 Abstract of Cost 17
7 Chapter 3: Engineering Surveying 18
7.1 Introduction 18
7.2 Objectives of surveying 18
7.3 Principles of Surveying 18-19
7.4 Site Survey and Observations 20
8 Chapter 4: Building Construction 21
8.1 Introduction 21
8.2 Importance of Building Construction 21
8.3 Types of Building Construction 21
8.4 Stages of Building Construction 21-22
8.5 Summary 22
9 Learning Outcomes 23
10 Conclusion 23
11 Recommendation 24
12 References 25

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4. INTRODUCTION

On-the-Job Training (OJT) is a vital part of technical

education that provides students with an opportunity to apply
theoretical knowledge in a real-world working environment. It
bridges the gap between classroom learning and practical
application, enhancing the technical and interpersonal skills of
students.

The purpose of this training is to expose students to actual

fieldwork related to their area of study. For a civil engineering
student, such training is essential to understand the nature of
construction projects, use of tools and equipment, project
management, and site supervision.

The primary objective of this OJT was to gain hands-on

experience in civil engineering practices and develop a practical
understanding of how construction projects are planned and
executed. It also aimed to improve communication skills, teamwork,
and problem-solving abilities in a real work setting.

Through this training, I expected to build a strong foundation

of professional skills that will support my future career in civil
engineering.

4.1 About the Organization

The On-the-Job Training (OJT) was conducted at Shree

Jansewa Secondary School, located in Sunwal-6, Bisasaya. The
institution operates as an academic organization, providing
technical and vocational education, including programs in civil
engineering.

Although primarily an educational institution, the school also

engages in practical training and small-scale infrastructure projects
for students, allowing them to gain firsthand experience in the field.
The training was managed under the guidance of experienced
instructors and technical staff.

As a small-scale organization, it maintains a simple and

functional structure, focusing on providing quality education and
skill-based training to its students. The collaborative environment
allowed for close supervision, interactive learning, and direct
mentorship.

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4.2 Training Objectives

The primary objective of the On-the-Job Training (OJT) was

to enhance practical skills and gain professional experience in the
field of civil engineering. The training aimed to complement
academic knowledge with real-world applications, enabling a
deeper understanding of construction processes and site
management.

The specific aims of the training were:

- To understand the workflow of construction projects in a real-
world environment.
- To develop hands-on experience with tools, equipment, and
materials used in civil engineering works.
- To observe and assist in project planning, execution, and
supervision.
- To improve technical drawing interpretation and site layout
understanding.
- To strengthen soft skills such as communication, teamwork, time
management, and problem-solving.

Through this training, I intended to become more confident

and capable of handling practical tasks, preparing me for future
roles in the civil engineering field.

4.3 Training Schedule and Activities

The On-the-Job Training (OJT) was conducted from

2082/01/21 to 2082/03/06, spanning approximately six weeks.
During this period, I was actively engaged in various tasks under
the supervision of instructors and field professionals.

Training Duration:
- Start Date:
- End Date:
- Total Duration:

Major Activities and Tasks Performed:

- Exposure to drawing interpretation and understanding technical
plans
- Helping in the estimation of materials and quantity calculations
- Attending technical discussions and instructions provided by
supervisor.

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5. Autocad

AutoCAD is a software made by Autodesk which is mainly used for

designing, planning, and mapping. For the making of drawings various
commands are used called AutoCAD command.

Some AutoCAD commands are listed below:

Command Description
LINE or L Tp draw straight lines
CIRCLE or C To draw a circle
ARC To draw an arc
RECTANGLE or REC To draw a rectangle
POLYGON To draw a polygon
ELLIPSE To draw an ellipse
SPLINE To draw a smooth curve

5.1 Floor plan

A floor plan is a scaled diagram of a room or building viewed from

above, showing the layout of spaces, walls, doors, windows, and
sometimes furniture. It helps visualize how people will move through the
space and is commonly used in architecture, interior design, and real
estate to plan and communicate design, ideas effectively.

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10
5.2 Elevation
An elevation is a 2D drawing that shows one side of a building or
structure, typically from the front, back, or sides. It illustrates the vertical
elements, such as doors, windows, rooflines, and exterior finishes,
providing a clear view of the building’s height, proportions, and
architectural details. Elevations are essential in construction and design
for visualizing the exterior appearance and ensuring accurate building
dimensions.

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5.3 Section
A section is a technical drawing that shows a vertical cut through a
building or structure, revealing internal features and construction details
that aren't visible in floor plans or elevations. It illustrates the relationship
between different floors, ceiling heights, wall thicknesses, and structural
elements like beams and foundations. Sections help architects, engineers,
and builders understand how a building is constructed from the inside.

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5.4 Location plan

A location plan is a map drawn to a suitable metric scale which

shows the location of a development in relation to its surrounding
properties. It must be based on an up-to-date map and at an identified
standard metric scale (typically 1:1250 or 1:2500).

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6. Estimation

6.1 Introduction
The process of calculating probable cost or computing the
approximate quantities of various items associated with the execution of
each phases of the work and also calculation of the expected expenditure
to be incurred on a particular work or project is called estimation. Its
objective is to determine the feasibility of the project and to prepare the
accurate budget and schedules etc. There are various types of estimation.
Some of them are:

1. Preliminary or Rough or Approximate estimate.

2. Rough cost estimate based on plinth area.
3. Rough cost estimate based on cubical content.
4. Detailed estimate.
5. Revised estimate.
6. Supplementary estimate.
7. Complete estimate.
8. Annual maintenance or Annual Repair estimate.
The estimation is prepared in two phase. At first the total
quantities of work done is estimated throughly which is called Bill Of
Quantity (BOQ) and the abstract of cost is prepared .

The example of the (BOQ) and abstract of cost prepared by me is

given below :

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 6.2 Quantity estimation sheet (BOQ)

S. Length Breadth Height

Description of work Nos Quantity Unit Remarks
No. (ft) (ft) (ft)
1 Earthwork in excavation
i For foundation of column 12 7 7 5 2940.00 CFT
ii For foundation of wall
Long wall 1-1,2-2,3-3 3 22.83 4.75 2 650.66 CFT
Short wall a-a,b-b,c-c,d-d 4 15.33 4.75 2 582.54 CFT
Total Quantity 4173.20 CFT
2 Soling
i In foundation of column 12 5 5 0.75 225.00 CFT
ii In foundation of wall
Long wall 1-1,2-2,3-3 3 40.33 2.75 0.25 83.180625 CFT
Short wall a-a,b-b,c-c,d-d 4 27 2.75 0.25 74.25 CFT
Total Quantity 382.430625 CFT
3 PCC work
i In foundation of column 12 5 5 0.5 150 CFT
ii In foundation of wall
Long wall 1-1,2-2,3-3 3 40.33 2.75 0.25 83.180625 CFT
Short wall a-a,b-b,c-c,d-d 4 27 2.75 0.25 74.25 CFT
Total Quantity 307.430625 CFT
4 Brick work using first class brick
Long wall 1-1,2-2,3-3
i For 2.75 3 40.33 2.75 0.75 249.541875 CFT
ii for 1.75 3 40.33 1.75 0.75 158.799375 CFT
iii Up to Plinth 3 40.33 0.75 2 181.485 CFT
Short wall a-a,b-b,c-c,d-d
i For 2.75 4 27 2.75 0.75 222.75 CFT
ii for 1.75 4 27 1.75 0.75 141.75 CFT
iii Up to Plinth 4 27 0.75 2 162 CFT
Total Quantity 1116.32625 CFT
5 Earthwork in backfilling
In foundation of column 1499.45 CFT
In foundation of wall 695.35 CFT
In Rooms
1 4 16 13.9167 2.75 2449.3392 CFT
2 2 10 13.9167 2.75 765.4185 CFT
Total Quantity 5409.5577 CFT
6 RCC works
i In column
12 1.667 1.667 16.42 547.5522886 CFT
48 5 1.92 2.25 518.4 CFT
ii Tai beam
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 Long wall 1-1,2-2,3-3 3 40.33 0.75 0.75 68.056875 CFT
Short wall a-a,b-b,c-c,d-d 4 27 0.75 0.75 60.75 CFT
iii Beam
Long wall 1-1,2-2,3-3 3 40.33 1.1667 0.75 105.8692748 CFT
Short wall a-a,b-b,c-c,d-d 4 27 1.1667 0.75 94.5027 CFT
iv Slab 1 48 33.5 0.33 530.64 CFT
v Lintel beam
Long wall 1 72.33 0.75 0.33 17.901675 CFT
Short wall a-a,b-b,c-c,d-d 4 20.67 0.75 0.33 20.4633 CFT
Total Quantity 1964.136113 CFT
7 Brick work using first class brick
In superstructure
i Long wall 1 72.33 0.75 10.67 578.820825 CFT
ii Short wall a-a,b-b,c-c,d-d 4 20.67 0.75 10.64 659.7864 CFT

Deduction
i Doors 1 2 4 0.75 7 42 CFT
ii Windows 1 6 4 0.75 5 90 CFT
iii Doors 2 2 3.25 0.75 7 34.125 CFT
iv Windows 2 4 5 0.75 5 75 CFT
v Ventilation 1 5 0.75 3.5 13.125 CFT
Total Quantity 984.35 CFT
8 formwork side
i Column C1 12 4.667 10.667 597.395 Sq.ft
ii For Foundation PCC 12 20 0.5 120 Sq.ft
iii for Tai beam
Long Wall 1-1,2-2,3-3 3 80.667 0.75 181.501 Sq.ft
Short Wall grid a-a,b-b,c-c,d-d 4 54 0.75 162 Sq.ft
iv for Lintel beam
Long Wall 1-1,2-2,3-3 3 72.33 0.25 54.2475 Sq.ft
Short Wall grid a-a,b-b,c-c,d-d 4 23 0.25 23 Sq.ft
` Total Quantity 1138.14 Sq.ft
9 Plastering Work
Long Wall 1-1,2-2,3-3 1 78 10.667 832.026 sq.ft
Short Wall grid a-a,b-b,c-c,d-d 8 22.5 10.667 1920.06 sq.ft
Deduction
i Window
W1 (-8) 5 5 200 sq.ft
W2 (-12) 4 5 240 sq.ft
ii Door
D1 (-4) 4 7 112 sq.ft
D2 (-4) 3.25 7 91 sq.ft
iii VENTILATION (-2) 3.5 5 35 sq.ft
Total Quantity 2074.86 Sq.ft

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6.3 Abstract of cost

Work Description Unit Quantity Rate Amount Remarks

S.No
1 cu.ft 4173.4 13.75 57384.2
Earth Work in excavation
2 cu.ft 5569 12 66827.5
Backfilling Work
3 Providing laying Stone Soiling Work cu.ft 382.43 120 45891.7

Providing laying compaction and

4 curing Plain cement cu.ft 307.43 200 61486.1
concrete(1:3:6)

Providing laying Brick Masonry

5 cu.ft 1116.3 260 290245
Work using first class Brick

Providing laying compaction and

6 curing Plane cement cu.ft 148.12 200 29624
concrete (1:1.5:3)

7 Providing formwork for concrete Sq.ft 1138.1 30 34144.3

Providing laying Brick Masonry

8 cu.ft 1060.8 260 275808
Work using first class Brick

9 Providing laying Plastering Work Sq.ft 2074.9 130 269732

Rcc
10 cu.ft 668.69 260 173859

1305002

13050

1318052
Total Civil Cost=
Electrical Work @ 1% of total amount=
171347
Total Amount Without TAX=
13% of VAT amount=
1489399
Total Cost of Building Including VAT=

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 Survey
7.1 Introduction

Survey is the art and science of determination of relative position

of points on above or below the surface of earth by means of linear and
angular measurment (Distance, elevation and direction ). Its main
objective is to collect field data and to analyze and to calculate the field
parameters for setting out the operation of actual engineering works etc.

7.2 Objectives of surveying

1. To prepare a topographical maps.

2. To analyze and to calculate the field parameters for setting out the
operation of actual engineering works.
3. To prepare maps including details of engineering works such as road,
railways, canal works etc.
4. To prepare a map to show the relative positions of the objects on the
surface of earth etc.

7.3 Principles of surveying

There are two principles of surveying. They are:

1. Working from the whole to the part

2. Location of point by measurement from two control points

 Working from the whole to the part

The first step in extensive surveys as town or
topographical surveys is to establish a system of control points
with high precision. It is either done by traingulation method or
traverse method. To do this by traingulation method, The area
to be surveyed is divided into large triangles which are
surveyed with greatest accuracy and then those triangles are
further divided into smaller triangles which are surveyed with
less accuracy. The main objective of this method is to prevent
accumulation of error and to control the localized minor errors.

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 Fig: Working from the whole to the part

 Location of point by measurement from two control points

While surveying location of point can be localized by the
measuremet from at least two control points. The two control points
maybe as :
I. Both linesr.
II. Both angular.
III. One linear and one angular.
B B B
Y ββ

A C A C A C
X X
Fig: i Fig: ii Fig: iii

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7.4 Site survey and Observations

The site survey was conducted on 2082/02/09 which was located

on Sunwal-6/Bisasaya. The site survey was conducted by the group of
bunch of fresh students along with the supervisior (Dipesh Kanwar). The
very purpose of our site survey was to take the measurements of the
buildings, surroundings and the access to the site required for our
training.

We found the access to the site very convenient as it was very

near to the road and we also found the site in almost flat ground which
was good. We found no topographical challenges likely to affect building
safety or access. The site seemed in good condition overall with no
immediate concerns.

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8 Building Construction
8.1 Introduction
Building construction is the process of assembling materials and
structures to create buildings used for residential, commercial, industrial,
or institutional purposes. It encompasses a wide range of activities, from
initial design and planning to the final stages of finishing and occupancy.

8.2 Importance of Building construction

 Shelter and Infrastructure: Provides housing, workplaces, and public

services.

 Economic Development: A major sector in national and global

economies.

 Urbanization: Supports the growth and development of cities and

towns.

 Cultural Significance: Reflects social values, history, and

technological advancements.

8.3 Types of Building Construction

 Residential Buildings – Homes, apartments, and housing complexes.

 Commercial Buildings – Offices, shopping centers, hotels.

 Industrial Buildings – Factories, warehouses, power plants.

 Institutional Buildings – Schools, hospitals, government facilities.

8.4 Stages of Building Construction

1. Planning and Design

 Site selection
 Architectural design
 Structural analysis
 Cost estimation and budgeting

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2. Site Preparation

 Clearing and excavation

 Laying the foundation

3. Structural Work

 Framework ( wood, steel or concrete)

 Floors, walls and roofs

4. Utilities Installation

 Electrical, plumbing, HVAC systems

5. Finishing Work

 Painting, flooring, fixtures

6. Inspection and Handover

 Compliance with safety and building codes

 Final approval and occupancy

8.5 Summary

Building construction is a complex and vital field that shapes our

built environment. It requires the integration of various disciplines,
skilled labor, and technological tools to create safe and sustainable
structures. As populations grow and technologies advance, the
construction industry continues to evolve to meet new challenges and
needs.

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9 Learning Outcomes
The On-the-Job Training (OJT) provided me with valuable
practical exposure and significantly contributed to my personal and
professional development in civil engineering. It helped me bridge
the gap between classroom knowledge and field practice.

I acquired following skills during my on the job training:

- Proficiency in AutoCAD for creating and interpreting 2D technical

drawings.
- Basic knowledge of MS Excel for data entry, quantity estimation,
and simple calculations.
- Familiarity with MS Word for report writing and document
preparation.
- Improved understanding of measurement techniques for
buildings and civil structure.

10 Conclusion
The On-the-Job Training (OJT) has been an invaluable part
of my education, allowing me to apply theoretical knowledge in a
practical setting. Through this training at Shree Jansewa
Secondary School, I gained hands-on experience in both fieldwork
and essential software tools, which are crucial for a career in civil
Engineering.

The challenges I faced helped me develop problem-solving

skills and understand the importance of accuracy and diligence in
engineering tasks. This training has strengthened my technical
abilities, improved my confidence, and provided me with a clearer
perspective on the professional environment I am preparing to
enter.

Overall, the OJT has laid a strong foundation for my future

studies and professional career, equipping me with skills and
insights that cannot be acquired solely through classroom learning.

23
11. Recommendations

For Future Trainees:

- Be proactive, ask questions, and take every opportunity to learn
from supervisors and peers.
- Develop skills in software like AutoCAD and MS Excel before the
training to gain an advantage.
- Practice patience and pay attention to detail when performing
measurements and calculations.

For the Organization:

- Enhance the training experience by incorporating more structured
practical sessions and updated tools.
- Hold regular feedback sessions between trainees and
supervisors to address challenges promptly.
- Introduce a handbook or manual for trainees to standardize
learning and expectations.

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12. References

1. Jansewa Secondary School Civil Engineering Department (2025).

On-the-Job Training Manual.
2. AutoDesk. (2024). AutoCAD User Guide.
https://www.autodesk.com
3. Nepal Engineering Council. (2023). Civil Engineering Standards
and Guidelines.
4. Punmia, B.C., Jain, A.K., & Jain, A.K. (2020). Surveying (Vol. 1).
Laxmi Publications.
5. Dutta, B.N. (2019). Estimating and Costing in Civil Engineering.
UBS Publishers.
6. Various Websites of google.

Measurement work

Office work

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