Table 3.
1 The Constitution of India at a Glance
Parts Articles Covered
Subject Matter
The Union and its territory 1 to 4
II Citizenship 5 to 11
III Fundamental Rights 12 to 35
IV Directive Principles of State Policy 36 to 51
JV-A Fundamental Duties 51-A
V The Union Government 52 to 151
Chapterl- The Executive 52 to 78
Chapter II -Parliament 79 to 122
Chapter III- Legislative Powers of President 123
Chapter IV-The Union Judiciary 124 to l47
Chapter V- Comptroller and Auditor-General of India 148 to 151
VI The State Governments 152 to 237
ChapterI- General 152
Chapter II- The Executive 153 to 167
Chapter III –The State Legislature 168 to 212
itaon (Contd.)
3.7
Salient Features of the Constitution
Articles Covered
Parts Subject Matter
Chapter IV -Legislative Powers 213
of Governor
Chapter V The High Courts 214 to 232
Chapter VI-Subordinate Courts
233 to 237
The States in Part B of the First 238 (deleted)
VII
Schedule (deleted)
VIII The Union Territories 239 to 242
IX The Panchayats 243 to 243-0
IX-A The Municipalities 243-Pto 243-ZG
IX-B The Co-operative Societies 243-ZH to 243-2ZT
X The Scheduled and Tribal
Areas 244 to 244-A
X Relations between the Union and the 245 to 263
States
Chapter I– Legislative Relations 245 to 255
Chapter II -Administrative Relations 256 to 263
XII Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits 264 to 300-A
Chapter I- Finance 264 to 291
Chapter Il– Borrowing 292 to 293
Chapter III -Property, Contracts,Rights, Liabilities, Obligations and Suits 294 to 300
Chapter IV – Right to Property 300-A
XIII Trade, Commerce and Intercourse within the Territory of India 301 to 307
XIV Services under the Union and the States 308 to 323
Chapter I-Services 308 to 314
Chapter II- Public Service Commissions 315 to 323
XIV-A Tribunals
323-A to 323-B
XV Elections
324 to 329-A
XVI Special Provisions relating to Certain Classes 330 to 342
XVII Official Language 343 to 351
ChapterI- Language of theUnion 343 to 344
Chapter II -Regional Languages 345 to 347
Chapter III-Languageof the SupremeCourt, High Courts, and so on 348 to 349
Chapter IV Special Directives 350 to 351
XVIII Emergency Provisions 352 to 360
XIX Miscellaneous 361 to 367
XX Amendment of the Constitution 368
XXI Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions 369 to 392
XXII Short title, Commencement,AuthoritativeText in Hindi and Repeals 393 to 395
Note: Part VIl (dealing with Part-B was deleted by the 7 Amendment Act (1956).On the other hand, both
states)
Fart IV-A and Part XIV-A were added by the 42" Amendment Act (1976), while Part IX-A was added by the 74th
Amendment Act (1992), andPart IX-B was added by the 97h Amendment Act (2011).
3.8 Indian Polity
Table 3.2 Important Articles of the Constitution at a Glance
Articles Deals with
1 Name and territory of the Union
Formation of new states and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing states
13 Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights
14 Equality before law
16 Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment
17 Abolition of untouchability
19 Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.
21 Protection of life and personal liberty
21A Right to elementary education
25 Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion
30 Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions
31C Saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles
32 Remedies for enforcement of fundamental rights including writs
38 State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people
40 Organisation of village panchayats
44 Uniformn civil code for the citizens
45 Provision for early childhood care and education to children below the age of 6 years.
46 Promotion of educational and economic interests of scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and other weaker
sections
50 Separation of judiciary from executive
51 Promotion of international peace and security
51A Fundamental duties
72 Power of president to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases
74 Council of ministers to aid and advise the president
78 Duties of prime minister as respects the furnishing of information to the president, etc.
110 Definition of Money Bills
112 Annual financial statement (Budget)
123 Power of president to promulgate ordinances during recess of Parliament
143 Powerof president to consult SupremeCourt
155 Appointment of governor
161 Power of governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases
163 Council of ministers to aid and advise the governor
167 Duties of chief minister with regard to the furnishing of information to governor, etc.
169 Abolition or creation of legislative councils in states
200 Assent to bills by governor (including reservation for President)
213 Power of governor to promulgate ordinances during recess of the state legislature
(Contd.)
Salient Features of the
Constitution
3.9
Articles Deals with
226 Power of high courts to issue certain writs
39AA Special provIsions with respect to Delhi
249 Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to a matter in the State List in the national
262 Adudication of disputes
interest
relating to waters of inter-state
rivers or river valleys
263 Provisions with respect to an
inter-state council
265 Taxes not to be imposed save by
authority of law
275 Grants from the Union to certain states
280 Finance Commission
300 Suits and proceedings
300A Persons not to be deprived of
property save by authority of law (Right to property)
311 Dismissal, removal or reduction
in rank of persons
employed in civil capacities under the
state. Union or a
312 All-India Services
315 Public service commissions for the Union and for the
states
320 Functions of Public service commissions
323-A Administrative tribunals
324 Superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in an
Election Commission
330 Reservation of seats for scheduled castes
and scheduled tribes in the House of
the People
335 Claims of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes to
services and posts
352 Proclamation of Emergency (National Emergency)
356 Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in states (President's Rule)
360 Provisions as to financial emergency.
365 Effect of failure to comply with, or to give effect to, directions given by the Union (President'sRule)
368 Power of Parliament to amend the Constitution and procedure therefor
370 Temporary provisions with respect to the state of Jammu and Kashmir
Table 3.3 Schedules of the Constitution at a Glance
Numbers Subject Mater Articles Covered
First Schedule
1. Names of the States and their territorial jurisdiction. 1 and 4
2. Names of the Union Territories and their extent.
Second Schedule Provisions relating to the emoluments, allowances, privileges and so 59, 65, 75, 97,
on of:
125, 148, 158,
164, 186 & 221
1, The President of India
2. The Governors of States
3. The Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha
4. The Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha
(Contd.)
3.10 Indian Polity
Numbers Subjeet Matter Articles Covered
5. The Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly
in the states
6. The Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council
in the states
The Judges of the SupremeCourt
8. The Judges of the High Courts
9 The Comptroller and Auditor-General of India
Third Schedule Forms of Oaths or Affirmations for: 75, 84, 99, 124,
146, 173, 188 and
219
1. The Union ministers
2.The candidates for election to the Parliament
3. The members of Parliament
4. The judges of the Supreme Court
S.The Comptroller and Auditor-General of India
6. The state ministers
7. The candidates for election to the state legislature
8. The membersof the state legislature
9. The judges of the High Courts
Fourth Schedule Allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha to the states and the union 4 and 80
territories.
Fifth Schedule Provisions relating the
to administration and control of scheduled areas244
and scheduled tribes.
Sixth Schedule Provisions relating the administration
to of tribal areas in the states of 244 and 275
Assam, VMeghalaya, Tripura and V1zoram
Seventh Schedule Division of powers between the Union and the States in terms of List 246
I(Union List), List II (State List) and List III (Concurrent List). Pres
ently, the Union List contains 100 subjects (originally 97), the state list
contains 61 subjects (originally 66) and the concurrent list contains 52
subjects (originally 47).
Eighth Schedule Languages recognized by the Constitution. Originally, it had 14 languag- 344 and 351
es but presently there are 22 languages. They are: Assamese, Bengali,
Bodo, Dogri (Dongri), Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani,
Mathili (Maithili), Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali,Odia, Punjabi,
Sanskrit, Santhali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu. Sindhi was added by
the 21 Amendment Act of 1967; Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali were
added by the 71 Amendment Act of 1992; and Bodo, Dongri, Maithili
and Santhali were added by the 92d Amendment Act of 2003. Oriya was
renamed as Odia'by the 96" Amendment Act of 2011.
(Contd.)
Salient Features of
the
Constitution
Numbers Subject Matter
Articles Covered
Ninth Schedule Acts and
Regulations
legislatures
(originally 13 but presently 282) of the state31-B
dealing with
land reforms and abolition of the zamindari
system and of
the
Parliament dealing with
was added by other matters. This schedule
the 1
in it from Amendment (1951)to protect the laws included
judicial
on the ground of violation
scrutiny
of fundamental
rights. However,
in 2007,the
in this Supreme Court ruled that the
schedule after April laws included
24,1973, are
Tenth Schedule now open judicial review.
Provisions relating to
disqualification of the
State Legislatureson members of Parliament and 102 and 191
the ground of
by the 52 defection, This schedule was
Amendment Act of 1985, also added
Eleventh Schedule known as Anti-defection Law.
Specifies the powers,
authority and
29 matters.This schedule was responsibilities of
Panchayats. It has 243-G
added by the 73rd
Twelfth Schedule Amendment Act of 1992.
Specifies the powers,
authority and responsibilities of
It has 18
matters. This schedule was added by the 74"
Municipalities. 243-W
of 1992. Amendment Act
Table 3.4 Sources of the
Constitution at a Glance
Sources
Features Borrowed
1
Government of India Act of 1935
Federal Scheme, Office of governor,Judiciary, Public Service Commis
sions, Emergency provisions and administrative
2 British Constitution details.
Parliamentary government, Rule of
Law, legislative procedure, single
citizenship, cabinet system, prerogative
writs, parliamentary
and bicameralism. privileges
3 US Constitution
Fundamental rights, independence of
judiciary, judicial review, impeach
ment of the president, removal of Supreme Court and
high court judges
and post of vice-president.
4. Irish Constitution
DirectivePrinciples of State Policy, nomination of membersto
Sabha and method of election Rajya
of president.
5. Canadian Constitution Federation with a strong
Centre, vesting of residuary
powers in the
Centre, appointment of state governors
by the Centre, and advisory
jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
6. Australian Constitution Concurrent List, freedom of trade,
commerceand inter-course, and joint
sitting of the two Houses of Parliament.
7. Weimar Constitution of Germany Suspension of Fundamental Rights during Emergency.
8. Soviet Constitution (USSR, now Fundamental duties and the ideal of justice (social, economic and po
Russia) litical) in the Preamble.
9. French Constitution Republic and the ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity in the
Preamble.
10. South African Constitution Procedure for amendmentof the Constitutionand election of members
of Rajya Sabha.
I1, Japanese Constitution Procedure established by Law.
