Awwa C602-17
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Pablo C. T.Awwa C602-17
Uploaded by
Pablo C. T.ANSI/AWWA C602-17
(Revi si on of AN SI /AW WA C6 02-1 1 )
®
AWWA Standard
Cement–Mortar Lining
of Water Pipelines in
Place—4 In. (100 mm)
and Larger
Efecti ve date: M ay 1 , 201 7.
First edition approved by AWWA Board o f Directors J une 1 7, 1 955.
This edition approved Jan. 1 4, 201 7.
Approved by American N ational Standards I nstitute J an. 24, 201 7.
SM
Copyright © 201 7 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
AWWA Standard
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describe minimum requirements and do not contain all o f the engineering and administrative in formation normally
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vice. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an o f cial notice o f action will be placed on the f rst page o f the
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the month following the month o f Journal – American Water Works Association publication o f the o f cial notice.
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ISBN-1 3, print: 978-1 -62576-21 6-0 eISBN-1 3, electronic: 978-1 -61 300-41 6-6
DOI: [Link] 0.1 2999/AWWA.C602.1 7
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Copyright © 201 7 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
Committee Personnel
Te Steel Water Pipe Manufacturers Technical Advisory Committee (SWPM TAC) Task Group
for C602, which developed this standard, had the following personnel at the time:
Christopher Walsh, Chair
Bruce J. Britton, Vice-Chair
H.H. Bardakjian, Manufacturers Consultant, Glendale, Calif. (AWWA)
B.J. Britton, W. Walsh Company, Attleboro, Mass. (AWWA)
R.J. Card, Manufacturers Consultant, Sugar Hill, Ga. (AWWA)
D.P. Ebner, Heitkamp Inc., Watertown, Conn. (AWWA)
J.E. Hohider, Heitkamp Inc., Watertown, Conn. (AWWA)
B.D. Keil, Northwest Pipe Company, Draper, Utah (AWWA)
J.L. Luka, American SpiralWeld Pipe Company, Columbia, S.C. (AWWA)
C.J. Walsh, W. Walsh Company, Attleboro, Mass. (AWWA)
Te AWWA Standards Committee on Steel Pipe, which reviewed and approved this standard, had
the following personnel at the time of approval:
John H. Bambei Jr., Chair
Dennis A. Dechant, Vice-Chair
John L. Luka, Secretary
General Interest Members
J.H. Bambei Jr., Bambei Engineering Services, Arvada, Colo. (AWWA)
W.R. Brunzell, Brunzell Associates Ltd., Skokie, Ill. (AWWA)
R.J. Card, Lockwood, Andrews & Newnam Inc., Houston, Texas (AWWA)
R.L. Cofey, HDR Engineering Inc., Omaha, Neb. (AWWA)
S.N. Foellmi, Black & Veatch Corporation, Irvine, Calif. (AWWA)
R.L. Gibson, Freese and Nichols Inc., Fort Worth, Texas (AWWA)
M.D. Gossett,* HDR Engineering Inc., Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
M.B. Horsley,* Horsley Engineering LLC, Overland Park, Kan. (AWWA)
R. Issa,* AECOM, McKinney, Texas (AWWA)
R.A. Kufaas, Norske Corrosion & Inspection Services Ltd., Surrey, B.C., Canada (AWWA)
J.L. Mattson, Corrosion Control Technologies, Sandy, Utah (AWWA)
* Alternate
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Copyright © 201 7 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
A. Murdock, CH2M, Salt Lake City, Utah (AWWA)
R. Ortega,* Lockwood, Andrews & Newnam Inc., Houston, Texas (AWWA)
†
E. S. Ralph, Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
A.E. Romer, AECOM, Orange, Calif. (AWWA)
J.R. Snow, MWH Americas, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
W.R. Whidden, Woolpert, Winter Park, Fla. (AWWA)
Producer Members
D.W. Angell,† Standards Council Liaison, American Flow Control, Birmingham, Ala. (AWWA)
S. A. Arnaout, Forterra Pressure Pipe, Dallas, Texas (AWWA)
H.H. Bardakjian, Consultant, Glendale, Calif. (AWWA)
D. Dechant, Dechant Infrastructure Service, Aurora, Colo. (AWWA)
V. DeGrande,* Ameron Water Transmission Group, Rancho Cucamonga, Calif. (AWWA)
W.B. Geyer, Steel Plate Fabricators Associates, Lake Zurich, Ill. (AWWA)
B.D. Keil, Northwest Pipe Company, Draper, Utah (AWWA)
J.L. Luka, American SpiralWeld Pipe Company, Columbia, S.C. (AWWA)
R.D. Mielke,* Northwest Pipe Company, Raleigh, N.C. (AWWA)
J. Olmos, Ameron International, Rancho Cucamonga, Calif. (AWWA)
G.F. Ruchti,* Consultant, Punta Gorda, Fla. (AWWA)
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C.C. Sundberg, Victaulic, Issaquah, Wash. (AWWA)
T T
D. Walker, Avid Protective Products L D/ nemec Company, Oakville, Ont., Canada (AWWA)
J. A. Wise, Canus International Sales Inc., Surrey, B.C., Canada (AWWA)
User Members
L. Adams, US Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
G. A. Andersen, New York City Bureau of Water Supply, Little Neck, N.Y. (AWWA)
B. Cheng, Metro Vancouver, Burnaby, B.C., Canada (AWWA)
M.E. Conner, San Diego County Water Authority, San Diego, Calif. (AWWA)
S. Hattan, Tarrant Regional Water District, Fort Worth, Texas (AWWA)
T.J. Jordan,* Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, LaVerne, Calif. (AWWA)
P.K. Karna, Tacoma Water, Tacoma, Wash. (AWWA)
M. McReynolds, Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, Oak Park, Calif. (AWWA)
K.R. Parbhoo, Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, Los Angeles, Calif. (AWWA)
M. Turney,* Denver Water, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
* Alternate
† Liaison, nonvoting
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Copyright © 201 7 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
Contents
All AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this
format may be found in a particular standard.
SEC. PAGE SEC. PAGE
Foreword 4.6 Temporary Bypass to
I Introduction. ................................... vii Customers ................................. 10
I.A Background..................................... vii 4.7 Contingent Work ............................ 11
I.B History........................................... . vii 4.8 Methods for Lining of
I.C Acceptance ..................................... viii New Steel Pipe .......................... 11
II Special Issues .................................... ix 5 Verifcation
III Use of Tis Standard ........................ ix 5.1 Inspection ....................................... 14
III.A Purchaser Options and 5.2 Inspection of Rehabilitated
Alternatives ................................ ix Pipelines .................................... 15
III.B Modi fcation to Standard ................. xi 5.3 Inspection of New Steel Pipe ........... 16
IV Major Revisions................................ xi 6 Delivery
V Comments ....................................... xi 6.1 Marking .......................................... 18
Standard 6.2 Shipping.......................................... 18
1 General
6.3 Afdavit of Compliance .................. 18
1.1 Scope ................................................ 1 Figures
1.2 Purpose ........................................... .. 1 1 Nominal Slumps of Cement–Mortar
1.3 Application....................................... . 2 Mixes for Application of Pipe
References ........................................ 2
Linings Using Pump Feed ........... 5
2
2 Slump Limits of Cement Mortar for
3 De f nitions ....................................... 2 Application of Pipe Linings
4 Requirements
Using Mechanical Feed ............... 5
4.1 Workmanship ................................... 3 Tables
4.2 Equipment ........................................ 3 1 Recommended Tickness of
4.3 Materials for Construction ................ 3 Cement–Mortar Lining for
4.4 General Cement–Mortar Lining Pipelines In Place ........................ 6
Design......................................... 4 2 Acceptable Performance for
4.5 Methods for Construction of Smooth-Bore Pipe ..................... 16
Rehabilitated Pipelines ................ 6
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Foreword
Tis foreword is for information only and is not part ofANSI*/AWWA C602.
I. Introduction.
I.A. Background. Cement–mortar lining provides the interior of a ferrous-
metal pipe with a smooth fnish that protects it from corrosion and tuberculation.
Te lining can signi fcantly retard the recurrence of these problems in previously used
pipe if the pipe has been properly cleaned and repaired before application of the lining.
Furthermore, the lining can increase the pipeline’s carrying capacity because of the
reduction in friction resulting from streamlining surface irregularities.
Te use of cement mortar as a protective lining for water mains was reported by the
French Academy of Science in 1836. Fourteen years later, cement-lined, coated sheet-
metal pipe was introduced in the United States. Some of the early pipelines were in use
for the better part of a century, but it was not until the 1930s that a practical method
was developed for lining pipe in place.
Te frst feld trial of in-place cement–mortar lining (of pipe that had been in ser-
vice) was conducted in Jersey City, N.J., in 1933. Te pipe was a short section 72 in.
(1,830 mm) in diameter. Te favorable outcome of the trial led to the cleaning and lin-
ing of more than 27,000 ft (8,230 m) of aged 48-in. (1,220-mm) riveted-steel pipe sup-
plying Newark, N.J. Te lining stopped all leakage and, as a result of streamlining the
surface over large rivets, also increased the Hazen-Williams fow coefcient by 14 points
(estimated by the engineer).
For many years, the smallest-diameter pipe that could be reconditioned by the
centrifugal process was 24 in. (600 mm) because a man was required to ride the lining
machine through the pipe. In 1950, a remote-control centrifugal-lining machine was
introduced that made in-place lining of progressively smaller-diameter pipe possible.
Presently, pipelines ranging from 4 in. (100 mm) to 28 ft (9.2 m) in diameter can be
cleaned and cement–mortar lined in place.
I.B. History. Te frst American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard
for cement–mortar lining of pipe in place was published in 1939 as part of AWWA
C205-41 (formerly 7A-7-41), Standard for Cement–Mortar Protective Lining and
Coating for Steel Water Pipe. Tat standard was primarily concerned with in-plant
lining and coating, a completely diferent process from in-place lining. Terefore, in
* American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.
vi i
Copyright © 201 7 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
1951 the in-place lining portion was withdrawn and expanded into a separate standard
under the direction of the late H.A. Price, who authored most of the new document.
Tat standard, AWWA C602, Cement–Mortar Lining of Water Pipelines in Place—
Sizes 16 In. and Larger, was approved as tentative in 1954 and made standard in 1955.
In 1962, Price suggested to the AWWA Steel Water Pipe Manufacturers Tech-
nical Advisory Committee (SWPM TAC) that AWWA C602-55 should be revised
in view of the extended competence of the centrifugal-lining process, which at that
time included pipe as small as 4 in. (100 mm) in diameter. Te assignment was given
to SWPM TAC Subcommittee 8 and resulted in the revision of the standard adopted
and published in 1967.
In 1972, the standard was again considered for revision to refect the state of the art
of in-place cement–mortar lining. Te more frequent use of in-place cement–mortar
lining in new large-diameter steel pipelines prompted the committee to note some of
the standard procedures used in this application. Te standard was revised in 1976,
1983, 1988, 1995, 2000, 2006, and 2011. Tis edition was approved on Jan. 14, 2017.
I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF
International (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a
certi fcation program
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Group and Otherourmembers
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the original consortium included the Water Research Foundation (formerly AwwaRF)
and the Conference of State Health and Environmental Managers (COSHEM). Te
American Water Works Association (AWWA) and the Association of State Drinking
Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later.
In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact with,
drinking water rests with individual states.* Local agencies may choose to impose
requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health
efects of products and drinking water additives from such products, state and local
agencies may use various references, including
1. Speci fc policies of the state or local agency.
2. Two standards developed under the direction of NSF:† NSF/ANSI 60,
Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals—Health Efects, and NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking
Water System Components—Health Efects.
* Persons outside the United States should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction.
† NSF International, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105.
vi i i
Copyright © 201 7 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
3. Other references, including AWWA standards, Food Chemicals Codex,
Water Chemicals Codex,* and other standards considered appropriate by the state or
local agency.
Various certi fcation organizations may be involved in certifying products in accor-
dance with NSF/ANSI 61. Individual states or local agencies have authority to accept
or accredit certi fcation organizations within their jurisdictions. Accreditation of certi-
fcation organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
Annex A, “Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures,” to NSF/ANSI 61 does
not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for substances not
regulated by a USEPA fnal maximum contaminant level (MCL). Te MALs of an
unspeci fed list of “unregulated contaminants” are based on toxicity testing guidelines
(noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Annex A
procedures may not always be identical, depending on the certifer.
ANSI/AWWA C602 does not address additives requirements. Tus, users of this
standard should consult the appropriate state or local agency having jurisdiction in
order to
1. Determine additives requirements, including applicable standards.
2. Determine the status of certi fcations by parties ofering to certify products
for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water.
3. Determine current information on product certi fcation.
II. Special Issues. Tis standard has no applicable information for this
section.
III. Use of Tis Standard. It is the responsibility of the user of an AWWA
standard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for use
in the particular application being considered.
III.A. Purchaser Options and Alternatives. Te following information should be
provided by the purchaser:
1. Standard used—that is, ANSI/AWWA C602, Cement–Mortar Lining of
Water Pipelines in Place—4 In. (100 mm) and Larger, of latest revision.
2. Project. Diameter, length, and location of pipeline, including plan and pro-
f le drawings when available; limits of pipeline shutdowns, if service requirements make
these limits necessary; location of access manholes; location, type, and size of valves;
location of interconnecting pipelines, hydrant branches, and service pipes; location of
* Both publications available from National Academy of Sciences, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Washington,
DC 20001.
ix
Copyright © 201 7 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
f ttings and restrictions that could interfere with cleaning and lining operations; location,
diameter, and connections of temporary bypass, if required; and other details of the pipe
within the scope of the contract between the purchaser and the constructor.
3. Tickness of cement–mortar lining. Nominal thickness of cement–mortar
lining required (Sec. 4.4.5).
4. Services provided by purchaser. Description of services or feld operations
to be performed by the purchaser, such as locating the main to be cleaned and lined;
removal and replacement of line valves; operation of valves; tagging valves that separate
the main to be cleaned and lined from the water system to prevent accidental opening;
shutting of infow of water from connecting pipelines; locating and operating blow-
ofs; connecting and disconnecting temporary bypasses to customer services; obtaining
permits required for the work; handling customer contacts; disinfection; and conduct-
ing fow tests.
5. Additional work to be performed by constructor. Description of work,
including repairs to deteriorated pipe; extra thickness of lining over the rivet heads and
lockbar seams; excavation, backfll, and resurfacing work at access excavations; method
of opening and closing access openings in the pipeline; supplying, laying, and remov-
ing temporary bypass pipe; and operation of main-line or blowo f valves.
Note
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be repaired by the purchaser or under provisions of the contract between the purchaser
and the constructor.
6. Water for cleaning and lining operations. Location of water sources,
method of supplying, quantity available, and pressure information.
7. Disposal of cleaning water and debris. Requirements for the disposal of
cleaning water, old lining, and other debris; instructions regarding permits from the
responsible authorities.
8. Permissible cement–mortar materials. Preference for, or any restrictions
on, type of portland cement or admixtures to be used in lining mortar.
9. Purchaser options. Options that may be speci fed by the purchaser after
reviewing the following items in the sections noted:
a. Whether compliance with NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System
Components—Health Efects, is required.
b. Details of other federal, state or provincial, and local requirements (Sec. 4.3.1).
c. Portland cement (Sec. 4.3.2).
d. Use of admixtures (Sec. 4.3.3, 4.4.1 , and 4.4.2).
e. Mortar lining thickness (Sec. 4.4.5).
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Copyright © 201 7 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
f. Access openings (Sec. 4.5.1).
g. Trafc control (Sec. 4.5.1).
h. Surface fnish (Sec. 4.5.4).
i. Cleaning of valves; new bolts and gaskets (Sec. [Link] and [Link]).
j. Curing by purchaser (Sec. [Link]).
k. Temporary bypass to customers (Sec. 4.6).
l. Disinfection of temporary bypass (Sec. 4.6.2).
m. Leaking valves (Sec. 4.7.2).
n. Access openings for lining for new pipe (Sec. 4.8.1).
o. Surface fnish for new pipe (Sec. 4.8.4).
p. Afdavit of compliance (Sec. 6.3).
III.B. Modifcation to Standard. Any modi fcation to the provisions, defnitions,
or terminology in this standard must be provided by the purchaser.
IV. Major Revisions. Te major changes made to the standard in this edition
include the following:
1. General throughout standard. Numerous sections deleted the phrase “or as
otherwise speci fed by the purchaser” because it is redundant and unnecessary to in-
clude in the standard since the purchaser ultimately writes the project speci fcations
that include any deviations from the standard.
2. Section 2, References, was updated.
3. Sec. [Link] and Sec. [Link], Curing by Constructor, the last sentence was
deleted that referred to a pipeline not flled within the 7-day window. Tis is a contrac-
tual issue that should be covered in the project speci fcations.
4. A sentence was added at the end of Sec. [Link] , Troweled Linings, to address
pipe smaller than 24 in.
5. Te last sentence on additional testing was deleted from Sec. 5.1 .1 , Sampling
and Testing Frequency.
6. Te heading of column 3 in Table 2 was revised from “Guaranteed Chw
Factor” to “Minimum Chw Factor.”
7. A requirement for cement–mortar test samples to meet AS TM C39 was
added to Sec. 5.1 .2, Strength of Cement–Mortar Lining.
V. Comments. If you have any comments or questions about this standard,
please call AWWA Engineering and Technical Services at 303.794.7711, FAX at
303.795.7603; write to the department at 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO
80235-3098; or email at standards@[Link].
xi
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ANSI/AWWA C602-17
(Revi si on of AN SI /AW WA C6 02-1 1 )
® AWWA Standard
Cement–Mortar Lining of Water
Pipelines in Place—4 In. (100 mm)
and Larger
SEC TI ON 1 : G EN ER AL
Sec. 1.1 Scope
Tis standard describes the requirements for the materials and application of a
cement–mortar lining to the inside surface of 4-in. (100-mm) and larger new and old
steel, ductile-iron, and cast-iron water pipelines that have been previously installed, as
well as related work. Te application requirements are (1) that the lining of straight
pipe sections and long-radius bends shall be performed by a machine that progresses
uniformly through the pipe, applies cement mortar against the pipe surfaces, and
is provided with an attachment for mechanically troweling the mortar to obtain a
smooth lining of uniform thickness with smooth transitions over joints; and (2) that
the lining of bends, specials, and areas adjacent to valves shall be machine sprayed
and hand troweled or, where machine placement is impractical, shall be performed
manually.
Sec. 1.2 Purpose
Te purpose of this standard is to defne the minimum requirements for
cement–mortar lining of water pipelines, 4 in. (100 mm) and larger, in place,
including materials, design, and methods for construction.
1
Copyright © 201 7 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
2 AWWA C602-1 7
Sec. 1.3 Application
Tis standard can be referenced in documents for cement–mortar lining of
water pipelines in place, 4 in. (100 mm) and larger.
SECTION 2: REFERENCES
Tis standard references the following documents. In their latest editions,
these documents form a part of this standard to the extent speci fed within this
standard. In any case of confict, the requirements of this standard shall prevail.
ANSI*/AWWA C500—Metal-Seated Gate Valves for Water Supply Service.
ANSI/AWWA C504—Rubber-Seated Butterfy Valves.
ANSI/AWWA C509—Resilient-Seated Gate Valves for Water Supply Service.
AS TM† C39/C39M—Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of
Cylindrical Concrete Specimens.
AS TM C40/C40M—Standard Test Method for Organic Impurities in Fine
Aggregates for Concrete.
AS TM C143/C143M—Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-
Cement Concrete.
AS TM C150/C150M—Standard Speci fcation for Portland Cement.
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AS TM C494/C494M—Standard Speci fcation for Chemical Admixtures for
Concrete.
AS TM E11—Standard Speci fcation for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and
Test Sieves.
SECTION 3: DEFINITIONS
Te following defnitions shall apply in this standard:
1. Constructor: Te party that provides the work and materials for place-
ment or installation.
2. Manufacturer: Te party that manufactures, fabricates, or produces
materials or product.
* American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.
† AS TM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.
Copyright © 201 7 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
CEM EN T–M O r TA r LI N I N G OF WATE r PI PELI N ES I N PLACE—4 I N . (1 00 M M ) AN D LA rGE r 3
3. Purchaser: Te person, company, or organization that purchases any
materials or work to be performed.
SECTION 4: REQUIREMENTS
Sec. 4.1 Workmanship
Work shall be performed by trained personnel under the supervision of expe-
rienced persons skilled in the application of cement–mortar lining to pipelines in
place.
Sec. 4.2 Equipment
Te constructor’s equipment for cleaning, applying, and troweling cement
mortar in the pipe and for curing the cement–mortar lining shall be so designed
and manufactured and in a condition to permit the workers to follow the proce-
dure and obtain the results prescribed in this standard.
Sec. 4.3 Materials for Construction
4.3.1 Materials. Materials shall comply with the requirements of the Safe
Drinking Water Act and other federal regulations for water systems as applicable.
4.3.2 Portland cement. Portland cement shall conform to the require-
ments of AS TM C150 for type I or type II cement.
4.3.3 Admixtures. To improve workability, density, and strength in the
mortar, admixtures conforming to AS TM C494 may be used at the option of the
constructor, provided that the ratio of admixture to portland cement does not
exceed that used in the quali fcation tests of AS TM C494. No admixtures shall be
used that would have a deleterious efect on potable water fowing in the pipe after
the lining has been placed.
4.3.4 Sand. Sand shall consist of inert granular material. Te grains shall
be strong, durable, and uncoated. Te sand shall be well graded and shall pass a
No. 16 mesh screen, with not more than 5 percent passing a US Standard Sieve
No. 100. (For screen and sieve sizes, refer to AS TM E11.)
[Link] Deleterious substances in sand. Sand shall be clean. Te total
combined weight of dust, clay, loam, lumps, shale, soft or faky particles, mica,
oil, alkali, and other deleterious substances shall not exceed 3 percent of the total
Copyright © 201 7 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
4 AWWA C602-1 7
combined weight of the deleterious substances and the sand containing them. In
addition, the following limitations shall apply to speci fc substances:
Substance Maximum Allowable Percentage
by Weight
Shale 1
Clay lumps 1
Mica and deleterious substances other than shale 2
and clay lumps
[Link] Organic impurities. Sand shall not show a color value darker
than the “reference standard color solution” prepared as required in AS TM C40.
4.3.5 Water. Water for mixing mortar shall be clean and free of mud, oil,
and injurious amounts of organic material or other deleterious substances. Potable
water shall be used.
Sec. 4.4 General Cement–Mortar Lining Design
4.4.1 Composition. Mortar for the lining shall be composed of cement,
sand, and water that have been well mixed and of such consistency as to produce a
dense, homogeneous lining. Te mortar may also include admixtures.
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the mortar for the lining shall be 1 part of portland cement to 1 to 1½ parts of
sand by volume. Te exact proportions shall be determined by the characteristics of
the sand used. Admixtures (Sec. 4.3.3), if added, shall be used in strict compliance
with the manufacturer’s printed recommendations.
4.4.3 Water content. Te water content shall be the minimum quantity
that produces a workable mixture, allowing for moisture collecting on the interior of
the pipe surfaces. Slump tests should be made periodically on freshly mixed mortar
immediately before the mortar is conveyed to the lining machine. Te tests shall be
made in accordance with AS TM C143. Nominal slumps of cement–mortar mixes
for application of linings are indicated in Figures 1 and 2.
4.4.4 Mixing. Mortar shall be mixed long enough to obtain maximum
plasticity. Te mortar shall be used before initial set.
4.4.5 Tickness oflining.
[Link] General requirement. Te lining shall be uniform in thickness
within the allowable tolerance, except at joints or deformations in the pipeline.
Cement–mortar lining thickness shall be in accordance with Table 1, unless
otherwise speci fed by the purchaser. If a cement–mortar lining thickness greater
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CEM EN T–M O r TA r LI N I N G OF WATE r PI PELI N ES I N PLACE—4 I N . (1 00 M M ) AN D LA rGE r 5
Pipe I nside Diameter, in.
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
1 60
6. 0
1 50
1 40
5. 5
1 30
Upper
mm Limit 5. 0
in. Slump,
Slump,
1 20
4. 5
110
4. 0
1 00
90 3. 5
80
1 00 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
Pipe I nside Diameter, mm
N OTE : For pipe greater than 36 in. (900 mm), slump ranges shall be submitted by the constructor.
Figure 1 Nominal slumps of cement–mortar mixes for application of pipe linings using pump
feed
Pipe I nside Diameter, in.
36 42 48 54 60 66 72 78
90
3. 5
80
3. 0
70
mm
in.
2. 5
60
Slump,
Slump,
50 2. 0
40
1 .5
30
1 .0
20
0
900 1 , 000 1 , 200 1 , 400 1 , 600 1 , 800 2, 000
Pipe I nside Diameter, mm
N OTE : For pipe greater than 80 in. (2, 000 mm), slump ranges shall be submitted by the constructor.
Figure 2 Slump limits of cement mortar for application of pipe linings using mechanical feed
Copyright © 201 7 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
6 AWWA C602-1 7
Table 1 Recommended thickness of cement–mortar lining for pipelines in place
ype of Pipe
T
Nominal Pipe Old and New Gray Cast
Diameter Old Steel Iron and Ductile Iron New Steel T olerance
in. mm in. mm in. mm in. mm in. mm
4–10 100–250 5/1 6 8.0 3/1 6 4.8 1 6.3 –1 /16, + 1 –1.6, +3.2
11–23 280–580 3 10.0 1 6.4 5/1 6 8.0 –1 /16, +1 –1.6, +3.2
24–36 600–900 7/1 6 11.1 5/1 6 8.0 3 10.0 –1 /16, +1 –1.6, +3.2
≥ 36 ≥ 900 9/1 6 14.3 5/1 6 8.0 ½ 13.0 –1 /16, + 3/16 –1.6, +4.8
Note: For badly deteriorated pipe or abnormal use, the purchaser should specify a greater thickness of lining as
engineering judgment indicates.
than ½ in. (13 mm) is required, the constructor shall have the option to apply
the mortar lining in multiple applications. Te thickness-measuring device shall
be agreed on by the constructor and purchaser.
[Link] Tickness over rivets and lockbar. Te thickness of cement–mortar
lining over the top of rivet heads and lockbar longitudinal seams of steel pipe shall
not be less than 1 in. (3.2 mm), unless otherwise specifed by the purchaser.
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Sec. 4.5 Methods for Construction of Rehabilitated Pipelines
4.5.1 Access openings, general requirements. Access openings necessary for
the lining work shall be prepared and closed by the constructor, unless otherwise
speci fed by the purchaser. Trafc control shall be as defned by the purchaser.
4.5.2 Preparation ofpipe surface.
[Link] Cleaning interior. Te interior surfaces of pipe to be lined shall
be cleaned by methods approved by the purchaser to remove corrosion products;
chemical or other deposits; loose and deteriorated remains of old lining materials; oil;
grease; and accumulations of water, dirt, and debris. When the method of cleaning
the pipe does not include the use of water, laterals less than 2 in. (50 mm) in diameter
shall be cleared after cleaning by backfushing with air or water wherever necessary.
[Link] Lockbar or riveted steel pipe. Te area adjacent to the lockbar or
rivets shall be inspected after initial cleaning and may require cleaning by hand
before lining.
4.5.3 Machine application ofmortar lining.
[Link] Cleanup ahead of machine. Immediately before the lining
machine travels through a pipeline, foreign material shall be removed. Tis includes
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CEM EN T–M O r TA r LI N I N G OF WATE r PI PELI N ES I N PLACE—4 I N . (1 00 M M ) AN D LA rGE r 7
sand and loose mortar that might have accumulated since the preparation of sur-
faces was completed.
[Link] Lining procedure. Te lining shall be applied in one or more
courses by a machine traveling through the pipe and distributing the mortar uni-
formly across the full section and long-radius bends of the pipe. Te discharge
shall be from the rear of the machine so that the newly applied mortar will not
be marked. Te rate of travel of the machine and the rate of mortar discharge
shall be mechanically regulated to produce a smooth surface and uniform thick-
ness throughout. Te mortar shall be densely packed and adhere wherever applied;
there shall be no injurious rebound.
[Link] Procedure at rivets and open joints. In steel pipe 24 in. (600 mm)
and larger in diameter, mortar may be applied manually ahead of the lining machine
for uniform thickness over the line of rivet heads and where steel plates overlap. Open
joints shall be packed with mortar before lining where necessary to provide a smooth
surface across the joint. Te mortared areas shall be moist and free of surface check-
ing before proceeding with the machine lining.
4.5.4 Surface fnish. Te mortar lining shall be mechanically troweled
except for the places where hand troweling or the placement of an untroweled lin-
ing is expressly allowed by this standard (Sec. [Link]).
[Link] Troweled linings. Te lining machine shall be provided with
attachments for mechanically troweling the mortar. Both the application and trow-
eling of the mortar shall take place at the rear of the machine so that the freshly
placed and troweled mortar will not be damaged. Te trowel attachment shall be
such that the pressure applied to the lining will be uniform and produce a lining
of uniform thickness with a smooth, fnished surface free of spiral shoulders. Te
f nished surface of machine-placed troweled linings in pipe 24 in. (600 mm) and
larger in diameter shall be examined as described in Sec. [Link] .1 and shall meet
the performance criterion in Sec. 5.2.7.
[Link] .1 Procedures. In the reach of pipe 24 in. (600 mm) and larger
in diameter that has been lined and troweled in each day’s run, 10 places shall be
selected in straight sections of the pipe according to a predetermined sampling
method agreed on by the purchaser and constructor. In each of the 10 places, a
12-in. (300-mm) straightedge shall be laid parallel to the axis of the pipe. In 9 of
the 10 places, the space between the lined surface and the straightedge shall at no
point be greater than /16 in. (1.6 mm) for smooth-bore pipe in good condition and
1
1 in. (3.2 mm) for pipe with a rough or irregular interior. Tis test shall not apply
Copyright © 201 7 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
8 AWWA C602-1 7
in places where the unlined pipe is too rough or irregular for the required toler-
ances to be met by machine lining.
[Link] Untroweled linings. Te fnished surface shall be smooth and
regular, except that it may exhibit a slightly dimpled appearance similar to the
surface of an orange. Ridges or uneven buildup caused by irregularity in the travel
rate of the machine shall not be allowed.
[Link].1 Allowable untroweled lining. Untroweled cement–mortar lin-
ing is acceptable in the lining of dead-end sections, in the lining of pipe that is
excessively out of round, and in pipe 20 in. (500 mm) in diameter and smaller,
when lining pipeline segments containing cocked joints, sharp bends, and angle
points.
4.5.5 Hand application ofmortar lining. Hand-placed mortar shall have a
uniform surface with smooth transitions to adjacent machine-placed linings.
[Link] Hand placement. In pipe 24 in. (600 mm) and larger in diameter,
in places where machine placing of cement–mortar lining is impractical (such as
sharp bends, specials, or areas closely adjacent to valves), lining shall be performed
by hand. Correction of any defect by hand application is acceptable by this standard.
[Link] Materials. Cement mortar for handwork shall be of the same
Getmaterials
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Standard Sharing
[Link] Cleaning. Areas to be lined shall be cleaned as speci fed in
Sec. 4.5.2 and, if necessary, shall be moistened with water immediately before
placing the hand-applied mortar.
[Link] Troweling. Steel fnishing trowels shall be used for the hand
application of cement mortar, except at bends. Te outer edges of hand-troweled
areas may be brushed to reduce the abutting ofset.
[Link] Timing. Hand- fnishing work in a section of pipeline shall be
completed within 24 hours after completion of the machine application of mortar
lining to that section. If necessary, application of mortar lining by machine shall
be delayed or stopped to ensure compliance with this schedule.
4.5.6 Special requirements at laterals and service connections. Laterals and
connections to the pipe that are being lined shall not be left obstructed by the lin-
ing operations.
[Link] Pipe less than 24 in. (600 mm) in diameter. After the mortar lin-
ing has been placed but before it takes fnal set, laterals and services 2 in. (50 mm)
and smaller in diameter shall be cleared by backfushing with air or water wherever
necessary or as required by the purchaser. Te backfushing shall be performed in
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CEM EN T–M O r TA r LI N I N G OF WATE r PI PELI N ES I N PLACE—4 I N . (1 00 M M ) AN D LA rGE r 9
a manner that will not damage the freshly applied lining. Unless a lateral is to be
cleaned and lined, it shall not be excavated. Te constructor shall clean interior sur-
faces of main-line valves after the lining machine has passed. Te constructor may,
with the purchaser’s approval, remove the bonnets and gates from main-line gate
valves to accomplish the cleaning; the bonnets and gates shall then be replaced.
Te constructor shall, with the purchaser’s approval, remove butter fy valves from
the main line when necessary and then reinstall them after the lining operation.
New bolts and gaskets for bonnet or valve replacements meeting the requirements
of the applicable AWWA valve standard (ANSI/AWWA C500, ANSI/AWWA
C504, or ANSI/AWWA C509) shall be supplied by the constructor.
[Link] Pipe 24 in. (600 mm) and larger in diameter. Before the lining
is placed, the openings in the pipeline that lead to air valves, blowo fs, manholes,
and appurtenances, as well as to laterals and connections from the pipeline, shall be
temporarily covered or plugged with suitable devices. Tese shall be removed later
without damaging the cement mortar. When working inside the pipe is impracti-
cal, the constructor may clear connecting pipelines by fushing and, with the pur-
chaser’s approval, clean gate valves by removing bonnets and gates. Te constructor
shall, with the purchaser’s approval, remove butterfy valves from the main line
when necessary. New bolts and gaskets for bonnet or valve replacement that meet
the requirements of the applicable AWWA valve standard shall be supplied by the
constructor.
4.5.7 Curing.
[Link] General requirements. Curing operations shall begin immediately
following completion of the machine placement of the mortar lining in a section of
pipeline. Te section of pipe shall be closed with airtight covers over openings and
shall be maintained in a moist condition.
[Link] Curing by constructor. When a section of pipeline has been com-
pleted, the constructor shall be responsible for curing the mortar lining until the
section is flled with water by the purchaser, or until the lining has been accepted
by the purchaser, but in no case for more than seven days.
[Link] Curing by purchaser. Sections of the mortar-lined pipe shall be
f lled with water as soon as possible after lining operations in such a manner as not
to damage the lining. Tere shall be no pressure on any section until the mortar lin-
ing has been in place for at least 24 hours, except for pressure induced by variations
in the grade of the pipeline. Te flling shall be performed by the purchaser unless
otherwise specifed by the purchaser.
Copyright © 201 7 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
10 AWWA C602-1 7
[Link] Sprinkling exterior. Te exterior surfaces of pipe exposed to sun-
light shall be sprinkled with water in the daytime during the period of lining, fn-
ishing, and curing when sprinkling is required, as determined by the constructor
or the purchaser, to prevent cracking of the lining.
Sec. 4.6 Temporary Bypass to Customers
4.6.1 General description. Temporary bypass facilities may be required to
maintain service to customers connected to pipelines being cleaned and cement–
mortar lined. It shall be the purchaser’s responsibility to design the bypass system,
including a layout of the bypass piping, customers to be serviced, and the speci fed
bypass pipe diameter to be used in speci fc locations, as well as the type and loca-
tions of temporary fre hydrants. Te constructor shall provide, install, maintain,
and remove temporary bypass pipelines as speci fed by the purchaser.
4.6.2 Pipe and materials. Te pipe, hose, and other materials shall be sup-
plied by the constructor for use in conjunction with temporary bypass pipe and
connections to services and laterals. Tese materials shall withstand the pressures
indicated and all other conditions of use. Te pipe and fttings shall be watertight
and shall be disinfected before being put into service. Disinfection shall be per-
formed by the constructor.
4.6.3 Procedure. Temporary bypass facilities shall include hoses and nec-
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essary outlets and fttings to each service connection. Te constructor shall provide,
install, and maintain the temporary bypass lines in a safe and operative condition.
After service has been restored to a section of water main, the constructor shall
remove the temporary bypass and related facilities and shall leave the work site in
a neat and orderly condition.
4.6.4 Supply of water to feed temporary bypass. Te purchaser shall be
responsible for the availability of water at sufcient pressure and in sufcient vol-
ume to supply the bypass system. Te purchaser shall provide taps or other suit-
able feed points to which the bypass may be connected. If there are no hydrants
or aboveground taps at convenient locations for bypass connection, the purchaser
shall either install outlets on the system as required or direct the constructor to
install the connections.
4.6.5 Temporary connection to customers. Before starting any work that will
afect service to customers, the constructor shall notify the purchaser in advance to
allow the purchaser to notify customers accordingly. Shutofs to customer service
lines and connections from the bypass line to the customer service lines shall be
made by the constructor. If required by the purchaser, bypass service connections
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CEM EN T–M O r TA r LI N I N G OF WATE r PI PELI N ES I N PLACE—4 I N . (1 00 M M ) AN D LA rGE r 11
requiring excavation, cutting, or tapping shall be made by the constructor. After the
pipeline has been cleaned and lined, the constructor shall clear the service lines by
backfushing with air or water. Where it is impossible to clear the service line because
the customer’s premises cannot be entered, the constructor shall excavate and clear
the service at the main. Te restoration of service to the customer, including discon-
nection from the bypass system and reconnection to the pipeline, is the constructor’s
responsibility.
Sec. 4.7 Contingent Work
4.7.1 Obstructions. Obstructions in the pipeline that prohibit the passage
of cleaning or lining equipment shall be removed by the constructor. Tese include
but are not limited to
1. Bends, reducers, valves, or other fttings not indicated on drawings pro-
vided by the purchaser.
2. Overpoured lead joints.
3. Deformations in the pipe wall, out-of-round pipe, or defective pipe.
4. Protruding lateral or service connections.
5. Internal tie rods.
6. Successive cocked joints.
4.7.2 Leaking valves. Te purchaser shall be responsible for preventing
water from existing connections from entering the pipe before lining has been
completed. Te purchaser shall be responsible for the repair or replacement of leak-
ing sideline valves as soon as discovered. Te purchaser may require the constructor
to do the actual work of repair or replacement; but, even if not so required, if the
purchaser fails to act immediately, the constructor shall be permitted to excavate
on one side or the other of the leaking valve, cut the pipe, and stop the leakage.
Sec. 4.8 Methods for Lining of New Steel Pipe
4.8.1 Access openings for lining. Te constructor may use existing manholes,
fanged outlets, and pass holes for access and material feed points during the lin-
ing operations. Access openings shall be removed and replaced as specifed by the
purchaser. Cement–mortar lining of access openings and adjacent areas shall be
applied by machine or hand methods. Access to the pipeline for placing feld-applied
cement–mortar lining may be obtained by one or more of the following methods:
1. Temporarily omitting short “roll-out” sections of pipe.
2. Deferring the installation of closing sections of pipe until after comple-
tion of the lining.
Copyright © 201 7 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
12 AWWA C602-1 7
3. Cutting “half-cap” openings in the installed pipeline.
4. Cutting temporary feed-point manholes in the installed pipeline.
4.8.2 Preparation ofpipe surfaces. Te interior surface of the pipeline shall
be cleaned before placement of cement–mortar lining. Te pipe interior surface
shall be free of oil, grease, and accumulations of water. Loose mill scale, dirt, rust,
and construction debris shall be removed from the interior surface of the new pipe-
line. Tis may be performed by using a stif street broom in large pipe or a drag
brush in small pipe. Shot or sandblasting shall not be required.
4.8.3 Machine application ofcement–mortar lining.
[Link] Cleanup ahead of machine. Immediately before the travel of the
lining machine through a pipeline, foreign material, such as sand, loose mortar,
dirt, and debris, shall be removed.
[Link] Lining procedure. Te lining shall be applied in one or more
courses by a machine traveling through the pipe and distributing the mortar uni-
formly across the full section and long-radius bends of the pipe. Te discharge
shall be from the rear of the machine so that the newly applied mortar will not
be marked. Te rate of travel of the machine and the rate of mortar discharge
shall be mechanically regulated to produce a smooth surface and uniform thick-
Getness
more throughout. Te mortar
FREE standards fromshall be densely
Standard packedGroup
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adhereourwherever
chats applied;
there shall be no injurious rebound.
[Link] Procedure at joints. Joints shall be packed with mortar before
lining where necessary to provide a smooth surface across the joint. Tese mor-
tared areas shall be moist and free of surface checking before proceeding with the
machine lining over the joint area.
4.8.4 Surface fnish. Te mortar lining in pipe of the diameters described
in this standard shall be mechanically troweled except for the places where hand
troweling or the placement of an untroweled lining is expressly allowed by this
standard (Sec. [Link].1).
[Link] Troweled linings. Te lining machine shall be provided with
attachments for mechanically troweling the mortar. Both the application and trow-
eling of the mortar shall take place at the rear of the machine so that the freshly
placed and troweled mortar will not be damaged. Te trowel attachment shall be
such that the pressure applied to the lining will be uniform and produce a lining
of uniform thickness with a smooth, fnished surface free of spiral shoulders. Te
f nished surface of machine-placed troweled lining in pipe 24 in. (600 mm) and
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CEM EN T–M O r TA r LI N I N G OF WATE r PI PELI N ES I N PLACE—4 I N . (1 00 M M ) AN D LA rGE r 13
larger in diameter shall be examined as described in Sec. [Link] .1 and shall meet
the performance criterion in Sec. 5.2.7. Te fnished surface of machine-placed
troweled lining in pipe less than 24 in. (600 mm) in diameter shall be examined
as described in Sec. [Link] and shall meet the performance criterion in Sec. 5.2.7.
[Link] Untroweled linings. Te fnished surface shall be smooth and
regular except that it may exhibit a slightly dimpled appearance similar to the
surface of an orange. Ridges or uneven buildup caused by irregularity in the travel
rate of the machine shall not be allowed.
[Link].1 Untroweled lining may be allowed in sections of a pipeline where
the pipe to be lined is excessively out of round.
4.8.5 Hand application of cement–mortar lining. Hand-placed mortar
shall have a uniform surface with smooth transitions to adjacent machine-placed
lining.
[Link] Allowable hand placement. In pipe 24 in. (600 mm) and larger in
diameter, in places where machine placing of cement–mortar lining is impractical
(such as sharp bends, specials, or areas closely adjacent to valves), lining shall be
performed by hand.
[Link] Materials. Cement mortar for handwork shall be of the same
materials as the mortar for machine-placed lining.
[Link] Cleaning. Areas to be lined shall be cleaned as speci fed in
Sec. 4.8.2 and, if necessary, shall be moistened with water immediately before
placing the hand-applied mortar.
[Link] Troweling. Steel fnishing trowels shall be used for the hand
application of cement mortar, except at bends. Te outer edges of hand-troweled
areas may be brushed to reduce the abutting ofset.
[Link] Timing. Hand-fnishing work in a section of pipeline shall be
completed within 24 hours after completion of the machine application of mortar
lining to that section. If necessary, application of mortar lining by machine shall
be delayed or stopped to ensure compliance with this schedule.
4.8.6 Special requirements at openings. Laterals and connections to the
pipe being lined shall not be left obstructed by the lining operations. Openings
in the pipeline for manholes, outlets, and blowo fs shall be temporarily closed and
covered with removable coverings or other suitable devices to prevent the intrusion
of the cement mortar into the openings. On completion of the lining, the construc-
tor shall remove these covers and shall repair any lining damaged in the process.
Copyright © 201 7 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
14 AW WA C602-1 7
4.8.7 Curing.
[Link] General requirements. Curing operations shall begin immedi-
ately following completion of the machine placement of the cement–mortar lining
in a section of pipeline. Te section of pipe shall be closed with airtight covers over
openings, and the lining shall be maintained in a moist condition. Te pipeline
shall remain closed and the moist atmosphere maintained until the pipeline is
f lled.
[Link] Curing by constructor. When a section of pipeline has been com-
pleted, the constructor shall be responsible for careful curing of the cement–mortar
lining until the section is flled with water by the purchaser, or until the lining has
been accepted by the purchaser, but in no case for more than seven days.
[Link] Curing by purchaser. Sections of the mortar-lined pipe shall be
f lled with water as soon as possible after lining operations in such a manner as not
to damage the lining. Tere shall be no pressure on any section until the mortar
lining has been in place for at least 24 hours, except for pressure induced by varia-
tions in the grade of the pipeline. Filling shall be performed by the purchaser.
[Link] Sprinkling exterior. Te exterior surfaces of pipe exposed to sun-
light shall be sprinkled with water and kept moist in the daytime during the period
Getof lining,FREE
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SECTION 5: VERIFICATION
Sec. 5.1 Inspection
Materials provided and work performed will be subject to inspection. Te
constructor shall provide to the purchaser samples and reasonable assistance for the
inspection of materials and workmanship.
5.1 .1 Sampling and testing frequency. A set of at least two standard mortar
samples shall be made each day from the cement mortar for lining for each shift to
satisfy the quality-control requirements of Sec. 5.1 .2.
5.1 .2 Strength ofcement–mortar lining. Cement–mortar test samples shall
be taken in accordance with AS TM C39 and shall attain a minimum compres-
sive strength of 4,500 psi (31 MPa) in 28 days. Cement–mortar lining that does
not meet the strength requirements described in this standard shall be subject to
rejection.
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CEM EN T–M O r TA r LI N I N G OF WATE r PI PELI N ES I N PLACE—4 I N . (1 00 M M ) AN D LA rGE r 15
Sec. 5.2 Inspection of Rehabilitated Pipelines
5.2.1 Responsibility ofpurchaser and constructor. Te entire procedure for
applying cement–mortar lining may be subject to continuous inspection by the
purchaser, but the inspection shall not relieve the constructor of the responsibility
to provide material and perform work in accordance with this standard.
5.2.2 Access. Te purchaser shall have free access to areas, places, or facili-
ties concerned with the providing of material or the performance of work accord-
ing to the provisions of this standard.
5.2.3 Constructor to assist purchaser. Te constructor shall provide the
purchaser reasonable assistance in performing inspection duties and, speci fcally, in
obtaining information concerning the material used and the progress of the work.
5.2.4 Pipe inspection procedures. Te purchaser may inspect the pipeline
following the application of the cement–mortar lining to identify defective areas
in the lining, to determine the quality of the lining, and to determine compliance
with this standard.
[Link] Small-pipe inspection procedure. Te inspection of the lining in
pipe that is too small for a person to enter, less than 24-in. (600-mm) inside diam-
eter (ID), may be made by closed-circuit video recording or from both ends of the
lined pipe segment by using strong lights or mirrors. Te purchaser may determine
the quality of the lining from this visual inspection. Where practical, on pipelines
that are less than 24-in. (600-mm) ID, the lining may be inspected by the pur-
chaser before the lining has attained its initial set. (It is not practical to remove
defective cement–mortar lining that has reached its initial set.)
[Link] Large-pipe inspection procedure. In pipe 24-in. (600-mm) ID
and larger, a manual visual inspection of the lined pipe interior may be made by
the purchaser to determine the quality of the lining and to identify defective areas
in the lining for repair. Physical inspection shall adhere to appropriate safety pre-
cautions for confned spaces.
5.2.5 Defective lining. Defects in cement–mortar lining include, but are
not limited to, sand pockets, voids, oversanded areas, areas of lining thinner than
speci fed, and areas of unsatisfactory surface fnish. Contraction of the mortar lin-
ing from the steel cylinder after curing and drying shrinkage is an inherent char-
acteristic of cement–mortar linings. After introduction of water in the pipeline, the
mortar linings will expand volumetrically and most of the drying shrinkage will
be recovered.
Copyright © 201 7 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
16 AW WA C602-1 7
Table 2 Acceptable performance for smooth-bore pipe
Pipe Inside Diameter
in. (mm) Minimum Chw Factor*
4 (100) 90
6 (150) 100
8 (200) 110
10 (250) 115
12 (300) 120
14–20 (300–350) 125
>20 (>500) 130
*Based on nominal inside of pipe diameter before cement–mortar lining.
5.2.6 Repair ofdefective lining.
[Link] Pipe less than 24-in. (600-mm) ID. In pipe less than 24-in.
(600-mm) ID, the defective lining shall be removed in total from the pipe seg-
ment before the lining has reached its initial set. Te pipe segment shall then be
relined. Defective lining rejected after initial set shall be repaired by the most prac-
tical method as determined by the purchaser, in consultation with the constructor.
[Link] Pipe 24-in. (600-mm) ID and larger. In pipe 24-in. (600-mm)
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ID and larger, defects in lining shall be repaired. Small defective areas shall be
repaired by manual removal of the defective lining and reapplication of cement–
mortar lining.
Defective areas encompassing the full diameter of the pipe shall be replaced
by machine wherever practical.
5.2.7 Performance criterion, surface fnish. Te Hazen-Williams C factor
(Chw) is a generally accepted criterion for determining the acceptability of surface
f nish of cement–mortar lining and restoration of carrying capacity in rehabilitated
pipelines, as stated in Table 2.
Sec. 5.3 Inspection of New Steel Pipe
5.3.1 Responsibility of purchaser and constructor. Te entire procedure of
applying cement–mortar lining may be subject to continuous inspection by the
purchaser, but this inspection shall not relieve the constructor of responsibility to
provide material and perform work in accordance with this standard.
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CEM EN T–M O r TA r LI N I N G OF WATE r PI PELI N ES I N PLACE—4 I N . (1 00 M M ) AN D LA rGE r 17
5.3.2 Access. Te purchaser shall have free access to areas, places, or facili-
ties concerned with the providing of material or the performance of work accord-
ing to the provisions of this standard.
5.3.3 Constructor to assist purchaser. Te constructor shall provide the
purchaser reasonable assistance in performing the inspection duties and speci f-
cally in obtaining information concerning the material used and the progress of
the work.
5.3.4 Pipe inspection procedures. Te purchaser may inspect the pipeline
following the application of the cement–mortar lining to identify defective areas
in the lining, to determine the quality of the lining, and to determine compliance
with this standard.
[Link] Small-pipe inspection procedure. Te inspection of lining in pipe
that is too small for a person to enter, less than 24-in. (600-mm) ID, may be made
by closed-circuit video recording or from both ends of the lined pipe segment by
using strong lights or mirrors. Te purchaser may determine the quality of the lin-
ing from this visual inspection. Where practical, on pipelines that are less than
24-in. (600-mm) ID, the lining may be inspected by the purchaser before the lining
has attained its initial set.
[Link] Large-pipe inspection procedure. In pipe 24-in. (600-mm) ID
and larger, a manual visual inspection of the lined pipe interior may be made by
the purchaser to determine the quality of the lining and to identify defective areas
in the lining for repair. Physical inspection shall adhere to appropriate safety pre-
cautions for confned space.
5.3.5 Defective lining. Defects in cement–mortar lining include, but are
not limited to, sand pockets, voids, oversanded areas, areas of lining thinner than
speci fed, and areas of unsatisfactory surface fnish. Contraction of the mortar lin-
ing from the steel cylinder after curing and drying shrinkage is an inherent char-
acteristic of cement–mortar linings. After introduction of water in the pipeline, the
mortar linings will expand volumetrically and most of the drying shrinkage will
be recovered.
5.3.6 Repair ofdefective lining.
[Link] Pipe less than 24-in. (600-mm) ID. In pipe less than 24-in.
(600-mm) ID, the defective lining should be removed in total from the pipe seg-
ment before the lining has reached its initial set. Te pipe segment shall then be
relined. Defective lining rejected after initial set shall be repaired by the most prac-
tical method as determined by the purchaser, in consultation with the constructor.
Copyright © 201 7 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
18 AW WA C602-1 7
[Link] Pipe 24-in. (600-mm) ID and larger. In pipe 24-in. (600-mm)
ID and larger, defects in lining shall be repaired. Small defective areas shall be
repaired by manual removal of the defective lining and by reapplication of mortar
lining. Defective areas encompassing the full diameter of the pipe shall be replaced
by machine wherever practical.
[Link].1 Lining cracks. Temperature and shrinkage cracks in the mortar
lining less than /16 in. (1.6 mm) in width need not be repaired. Cracks wider than
1
1/1 6 in. (1.6 mm) need not be repaired if it can be demonstrated to the satisfaction
of the purchaser that the cracks will heal autogenously under continuous soaking
in water. Te autogenous healing process may be demonstrated by any procedure
that keeps the lining of the pipe continually wet or moist.
5.3.7 Protection of lining. Every precaution shall be taken to prevent
injury to the lining. Should the constructor damage the lining at any time before
completion of the project, the damage shall be repaired conforming to the require-
ments of this standard.
5.3.8 Performance criterion, surface fnish. Te Hazen-Williams C factor
(Chw) is a generally accepted criterion for determining the acceptability of surface
f nish of cement–mortar lining in pipelines as stated in Table 2.
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SECTION 6: DELIVERY
Sec. 6.1 Marking
Tis standard has no applicable information for this section.
Sec. 6.2 Shipping
Tis standard has no applicable information for this section.
Sec. 6.3 A fdavit of Compliance
Te purchaser may require the constructor to provide an afdavit of compli-
ance or material test reports stating that the materials used were in compliance
with the requirements of this standard.
Copyright © 201 7 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
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