Online book store

Computer Application (Tribhuvan University)

Scan to open on Studocu

Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L
 Tribhuvan University
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences

A Project Report On

ONLINE BOOK STORE

Submitted To
Department of Computer Application
Itahari Namuna College

In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor’s

in Computer Application.

Submitted By
Aasish Shrestha [6-2-1152-0001-2019]

September, 2023

Under the Supervision of

Saroj Ojha
Lecturer

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

 Tribhuvan University
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
Itahari Namuna College

SUPERVISOR’S RECOMMENDATION

I hereby recommend that this project prepared under my supervision by Aasish Shrestha
entitled “ONLINE BOOK STORE” in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
degree of Bachelor’s in Computer Application is recommended for the final evaluation.

Saroj Ojha
Project Supervisor
Itahari Namuna College
Itahari-8, Sunsari

ii

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

 Tribhuvan University
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
Itahari Namuna College

LETTER OF APPROVAL

This is to certify that this project prepared by Aasish Shrestha entitled “ONLINE BOOK
STORE” in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor’s in
Computer Application has been evaluated. In our opinion it is satisfactory in the scope
and quality as a project for the required degree.

Saroj Ojha Nabin Shrestha

Supervisor Coordinator
Itahari Namuna College Itahari Namuna College

Internal Examiner External Examiner

Itahari Namuna College Tribhuvan University

iii

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The success and final outcomes of this project requires a lot of guidance and assistance
from many people and am very fortunate to have this all along the completion of this
project. I would like to express our gratitude and appreciation to all those who gave us the
possibility to complete this project. I am very glad to express my deepest sense of
gratitude and sincere thanks to my supervisor Saroj Ojha.

I am also thankful to Mr. Chandra Prasad Acharya, Lecturer, Mr. Nabin Shrestha, HOD,
Itahari Namuna College and Mr. Dharma Neupane, Principal, Itahari Namuna College for
encouraging and guiding throughout the completion of this project. All useful suggestions
for this whole work and co-operative behaviour are sincerely acknowledged.

Last but not the least, many thanks go to all teachers, friends, guardians who directly or
indirectly helped in achieving the goal. I would like to appreciate all the guidance and
support, which helped in completion of this project. Special thanks to their comment and
advices.

iv

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

 ABSTRACT

E-commerce, short for electronic commerce, refers to the buying and selling of goods and
services over the internet. An Online Book Store (OBS) is web-based application that is
built to sell books online. It enables customer to buy books conveniently. And also assist
store owner to manage data of books and sales efficiently.

It is very time consuming and inconvenient in many ways for the customer to visit
physical store and buy books. And also, for the store owner it is a very complex task to
manage and organize all the data and information manually. Loss of data, lots of human
errors, data misplacement, slow retrieval of data etc. exist in manual system. Thus, the
process of handling a data and information manually is very troublesome and clumsy.

This Online Book Store provides wide selection of books in the website and enables
customer to buy their choice of books online. It saves both time and labour for the
customer. Also, it enables store owner to manage important data, generate sales report,
handle information efficiently. This OBS’s design is very simple, easy to use and also
reliable. It reduces the workload of management as most of the manual work done is
reduced. It saves a lot of time and effort.

Keywords: Online Book Store, book sales, order management, shopping cart

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SUPERVISOR’S RECOMMENDATION......................................................................II

LETTER OF APPROVAL..............................................................................................III

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...............................................................................................IV

ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................................V

LIST OF FIGURES......................................................................................................VIII

LIST OF TABLES...........................................................................................................IX

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS...........................................................................................X

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................1

1.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................1

1.2 Problem Statement......................................................................................................1

1.3 Objectives...................................................................................................................2

1.4 Scope and Limitation..................................................................................................2

1.4.1 Scope....................................................................................................................2

1.4.2 Limitation.............................................................................................................2

1.5 Development Methodology........................................................................................3

1.6 Report Organization....................................................................................................3

CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND STUDY AND LITERATURE REVIEW..................5

2.1 Background Study......................................................................................................5

2.2 Literature Review.......................................................................................................5

CHAPTER 3: SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN...................................................11

3.1 System Analysis........................................................................................................11

3.1.1 Requirement Analysis........................................................................................11

3.1.2. Feasibility Analysis...........................................................................................13

3.1.3 Data Modelling (ER Diagram)...........................................................................15

3.1.4 Process Modelling (DFD)..................................................................................16

3.2 System Design..........................................................................................................20

3.2.1 Architectural Design..........................................................................................20

3.2.2 Database Schema...............................................................................................21

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L
 3.2.3 Interface Design.................................................................................................21

CHAPTER 4: IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING.................................................23

4.1 Implementation.........................................................................................................23

4.1.1 Tools Used.........................................................................................................23

4.1.2 Implementation details of modules....................................................................24

4.2 Testing......................................................................................................................25

4.2.1 Test Cases for Unit Testing................................................................................25

4.2.1 Test Cases for System Testing...........................................................................27

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS.................32

5.1 Conclusion................................................................................................................32

5.2 Lessons Learnt/Outcome...........................................................................................32

5.3 Future Recommendations.........................................................................................32

REFERENCES.................................................................................................................33

APPENDICES...................................................................................................................34

Appendix 1: Screenshots.................................................................................................34

Appendix 2: Source Codes.............................................................................................37

Appendix 3: Database Tables.........................................................................................44

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. 1 Waterfall model.......................................................................................................3

Figure 2. 1 Books Mandala........................................................................................................7

Figure 2. 2 Amazon....................................................................................................................8
Figure 2. 3 Thuprai.....................................................................................................................9
Figure 2. 4 Books Depository.....................................................................................................9

Figure 3. 1 Use Case Diagram..................................................................................................11

Figure 3. 2 Gantt Chart.............................................................................................................14
Figure 3. 3 ER Diagram...........................................................................................................15
Figure 3. 4 Context Diagram....................................................................................................16
Figure 3. 5 Customer Level 1 DFD..........................................................................................16
Figure 3. 6 Customer Level 2 DFD..........................................................................................17
Figure 3. 7 Admin Level 1 DFD..............................................................................................18
Figure 3. 8 Admin Level 2 DFD..............................................................................................19
Figure 3. 9 Architectural Diagram...........................................................................................20
Figure 3. 10 Database Schema.................................................................................................21
Figure 3. 11 Home Page...........................................................................................................21
Figure 3. 12 Contact Us Page...................................................................................................22
Figure 3. 13 Dashboard Page...................................................................................................22

viii

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

 LIST OF TABLES

Table 4. 1 Test Cases for Unit Testing...............................................................................25

Table 4. 2 Testing for Adding Books.................................................................................27
Table 4. 3 Testing Cart and Wishlist..................................................................................28
Table 4. 4 Testing Rating and Review...............................................................................29
Table 4. 5 Verifying Navigation Menu..............................................................................30
Table 4. 6 Testing Order Book Function............................................................................31

ix

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

CSS Cascading Style Sheets

DFD Data Flow Diagram

ER Entity Relationship

HTML HyperText Markup Language

IDE Integrated Development Environment

JS JavaScript

OBS Online Book Store

PHP Hypertext Preprocessor

TC Id Test Case Id

UI User Interface

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

Online Book Store is a web-based application that enables users to purchase books
online. An Online Book Store is a virtual store on the internet where customers can
browse wide variety of books and shop the books of their choice. Online Book Store is a
user-friendly and convenient platform for book enthusiasts to browse, search, and
purchase their desired books from the comfort of their homes.

Customer details, book details, order processing, book’s stock etc. can be managed
efficiently by using the admin dashboard feature of this system. It helps to manage the
database of large volume of books and user systematically and efficiently.

Online Book Store enables customers to register/login on the website and purchase the
books of their choice online. It includes search and filter facilities which enables
customers to get information about the books they wanted.

With the increasing popularity of shopping online, Online Book Store aims to cater book
enthusiasts. And to help online book store’s owner to manage books and customers’
record, stock management, process customers’ order efficiently.

1.2 Problem Statement

• Traditional book sellers have limited space and are unable to stock all of the book
customers would like to buy. As a result, customers have a limited variety of
books to choose from.
• Physical book store need to have a physical location, which may be expensive to
rent. Also has higher overhead cost.
• Traditional stores rely on human record keeping.
• Lack of convenience for customers who may have to travel long distances or have
busy schedules.

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

1.3 Objectives

• To make user-friendly online platform where customers can shop book of their
choice on their comfort.
• To manage/retrieve required information faster and efficiently.
• To provide wide variety of books to the readers.

1.4 Scope and Limitation

1.4.1 Scope

• It allows users to purchase books online.

• It provides wide range of selection of books.
• It facilitates store owner to manage books and sales records easily.
• It provides user friendly environment.

1.4.2 Limitation

• Customer have to buy books without seeing it physically.

• Online payment is not present in this system.
• It requires internet to use it.

1.5 Development Methodology

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

Waterfall model will be used to build this project. It is also known as a linear-sequential
life cycle model. For this project we have clear and fixed requirements, well-understood
technology so in order to build this project and this model is easy to understand so, we are
using this model to build this project.

Figure 1. 1 Waterfall model

1.6 Report Organization

The report consists of five chapters in which all the phased of application design and
development will be covered.

Chapter 1: The chapter introduces the system and the problems, gives an overview about
the study.

Chapter 2: The second chapter covers background study and the literature review of the
project.

Chapter 3: The third chapter covers the system analysis and design phase of the
application.

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

Chapter 4: The fourth chapter discusses the implementation and testing phase of the
application development.

Chapter 5: The last chapter that is the fifth chapter covers the conclusion,
recommendations, and future works to improve this project.

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

 CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND STUDY AND LITERATURE
REVIEW

2.1 Background Study

The Internet has been favoured by more and more people for its high efficiency and
richness, and e-commerce has emerged. "Ecommerce" or "electronic commerce" is the
trading of goods and services on the internet. With the widespread availability of internet
access and the proliferation of electronic devices, there has been a notable shift in
consumer preferences towards online shopping for goods including books. This trend is
further accelerated by the convenience, accessibility, and diverse offerings provided by
online bookstores. The online bookstore is a form of e-commerce and book sales
industry.

With the online bookstore system, customers no longer need to visit multiple physical
locations in search of specific books. Instead, they can simply log on to the online
bookstore system from a computer connected to the Internet. Using the search box, they
can efficiently look up information about the book they're interested in. This allows them
to quickly determine whether the site has the book available for purchase. This
significantly streamlines the process for every customer, saving them time and effort.

Also, to the store owners they can easily manage record of books, customers, sales and
many more with the help of this system. It plays significant role to save time and labour
of both store owner and customer.

2.2 Literature Review

The literature review is one of the important parts of the whole process that provides
detailed knowledge and understanding of the topic. This section includes various views,
opinions and statements of the different authors regarding the main subject that is
considered in the whole research study.

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

The rise of e-commerce has led to significant transformations in various industries,
including the retailing of books. The global e-commerce market has experienced
substantial growth, driven in part by the accessibility and convenience afforded by online
shopping. This growth [1] has extended to the online book retailing sector, with platforms
like Amazon leading the way. The growth of e-commerce has had a significant impact on
the book industry, with the rise of online book stores transforming the way consumers
purchase books. Several studies have looked into the benefits and drawbacks of online
book stores, as well as the factors that influence consumer behaviour in this area. By
offering their products online, bookstore owners can reach a wider audience and tap into
the growing trend of online shopping. Online booksellers can save money on overhead
costs such as rent and utilities associated with having a physical store. They can also
obtain valuable data on customer preferences and behaviour, which can be utilized to
guide marketing and stocking decisions. There is [2] the transformative impact of e-
commerce on various industries, including the book retailing sector. The emergence of
online platforms has led to increased competition, forcing traditional retailers to innovate
and find new avenues for customer engagement.

One of the most significant advances in the online book store market is the shift to mobile
commerce. So many customers now browse and buy books online using their mobile
devices. Another tendency is to use social media and other digital marketing tools to
contact customers and promote new releases. Online book stores have begun to make
customised suggestions based on user behaviour and interests in order to increase
consumer enjoyment and loyalty.

However, there are also some disadvantages to online book stores. One issue is the
potential for data privacy concerns, as these systems collect and store large amounts of
personal data. Another issue is the lack of personal interaction with a knowledgeable
bookseller, which can be a disadvantage for consumers who value the expertise of a
professional. For online book store owner, operating an online bookstore has its share of
difficulties. Maintaining a user-friendly and effective website while keeping up with
technical advancements is a significant problem. Competition from more established and
well-known online shops presents another difficulty for owners of online book stores.

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

User experience (UX) plays a pivotal role in the success of online bookstores. Hassanein
and Head [3] emphasize the importance of intuitive interfaces, streamlined navigation,
and effective search functionalities to enhance user satisfaction and engagement. A well-
designed user interface can significantly influence purchasing decisions and user
retention. Several studies have also explored the factors that influence consumer
behaviour in online book stores. There [4] are seven factors that affect consumer’s online
shopping buying behaviour. These factors are perceived ease of use, perceived risk,
perceived usefulness, effect of website design, Economic factor, availability of products,
and customer satisfaction.

Existing System Overview

i. Books Mandala
BooksMandala is an online bookstore based in Pokhara, Nepal, with the goal of building
Nepal's greatest community of book readers. It is a renowned online bookstore based in
Nepal that offers a range of Nepali and English books. The website also offers a user-
friendly interface and an expedient delivery system, which has contributed to its growing
customer base. In this website, [5] customers are able locate books by title, author, or
keyword in a few seconds at most. Customers with a general idea of what they browse
pages through different categories to find exactly the right book. To further assist users,
they offer descriptions, restock alerts for books that are out of stock and book requests as
well as pre-order for books that are not available with them. They deliver to major cities
of Nepal and overseas.

Figure 2. 1 Books Mandala

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

 8

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

ii. Amazon

Amazon is the world's largest online retailer, selling a wide range of goods, including
books. It uses e-catalogue to feature its products. Amazon's book section offers an
extensive selection of both physical and digital books, as well as personalized
recommendations and customer reviews. Amazon is a popular choice for book shoppers
due to its reputation for speedy delivery and good customer care. Additionally, Amazon's
use of big data and analytics to personalize the user experience has been praised by

Figure 2. 2 Amazon
experts in the field.

iii. Thuprai

Thuprai is a digital platform for arts and literature. Besides [6] being an online store for
physical books with one of the largest catalogues in Nepal, Thuprai is also the only
commercial platform for e-books and audiobooks. Thuprai was started in February 2019
as an e-commerce platform for selling physical books. Thuprai became a prominent
company for the online book business in Nepal after a few months of its launch and also
started assisting publishers to explore and expand the book market.

In April 2020, Thuprai came up with an e-book platform of its own to facilitate Nepali
readers with access to books from several of the major publishers in Nepal, thus
becoming the only commercial platform where publishers and authors can sell e-books to
readers in Nepal. New titles have been continuously added as e-books, which can be read
conveniently from Android and iOS apps. In the subsequent lockdown, Thuprai also
started selling audiobooks on its platform.

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

 Figure 2. 3 Thuprai
iv. Book Depository

Book Depository [7] is a UK-based online bookstore that offers a diverse range of books
by a variety of authors and categories. One of its unique features is its free worldwide
delivery service, with no minimum purchase required, and a range of shipping options,
including express delivery for an additional fee. Book Depository also offers 24/7
customer support, a user-friendly return policy, and digital services such as e-books and
audiobooks. Overall, Book Depository is a popular and trustworthy online bookstore that
provides exceptional service and a diverse range of books to customers all over the world.

Figure 2. 4 Books Depository

10

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

In conclusion, online book stores offer a range of benefits to consumers and have become
an important part of the book industry. A successful online book store must prioritize the
needs and preferences of its customers, offer a wide selection of books, and have an easy-
to-use website and fast delivery. Reaching a wider customer base and reducing overhead
costs and effective data management are some benefits to the online book store owner.
Incorporating insights from these existing online book stores into the design and
implementation of the new online book store project could help ensure its success.

11

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

 CHAPTER 3: SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

3.1 System Analysis

The Online Book Store will be designed and implemented with careful consideration of
user requirements. HTML, CSS, JS, PHP and MySQL will be used to develop this
system. The developed system will be a user-friendly system with features like book and
customer details management, stock management, search and filter features for the
customers etc.

3.1.1 Requirement Analysis

For any system, there are functional and non-functional requirements to be considered
while determining the requirements of the system.

i. Functional Requirements

Figure 3. 1 Use Case Diagram

12

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

Only authentic users must have access to the system.

Admin:

Admin must be authenticated before accessing system. They’ll be able to access admin
dashboard

The admin will be able to:

• Add/Update/Delete Book and its category

• Book stock management
• Customers’ order management
• Manage customers details
• View sales report

Customer:

Customer will be able to view/search books on the website. Also, they can register on the
website. They can’t place order without logging in to the system.

The Customers’ will be able to:

• Search/filter/view books
• Add to cart
• View order history, cart
• Add book to the Wishlist
• Add review to the book they purchase
• Track order

13

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

ii. Non-functional Requirements

• Security: The system can only be accessed after login. Users can login with
username and password.
• Usability: The system will be user friendly. The UI should be simple enough for
everyone to.
• Accuracy: The data stored about the books and the customers should be correct,
consistent, and reliable.
• Availability: The System should always be available at the time of need.
• Maintainability: The software should be easily maintainable and adding new
features and making changes to the software must be as simple as possible.

3.1.2. Feasibility Analysis

We conducted a detailed analysis by considering different aspects of a proposed project

in order to determine the likelihood of it succeeding. It helped us in determining the
viability of an idea, such as ensuring a project is legally and technically feasible as well as
economically justifiable.

Four major analysis is done to predict the system to be success and they are as follows:

• Technical Feasibility
• Operational Feasibility
• Economic Feasibility
• Schedule Feasibility

i. Technical Feasibility

This study is carried out to check the technical requirements of the system. We can
strongly say that it is technically feasible, since there will not be much difficulty in
getting required resources for the development and maintaining the system as well. All
the resources needed for the development of the software are easily collected.

14

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

ii. Operational Feasibility

System is easy to operate with the basic knowledge of computation and internet. User can
easily access the system as it is user friendly in many aspects.

iii. Economic Feasibility

Development of this application is highly economically feasible. For the Seller, minimum
cost involved will only be a decent computer system and some other minimal cost for
launching a website. For user to access the website, only internet cost in involved.

iv. Schedule Feasibility

This project is doable within a set timeframe using a Waterfall model. This helps us avoid
confusion and delays, making sure we finish on time. The plan we have lets us work on
each part one after the other, so things should stay on track.

Figure 3. 2 Gantt Chart

15

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

3.1.3 Data Modelling (ER Diagram)

Figure 3. 3 ER Diagram

16

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

3.1.4 Process Modelling (DFD)

Process modelling involves graphically representing the processes, or actions, that

capture, manipulate, store, and distribute data between a system and its environment and
among components within a system.

Although several different tools have been developed for process modelling, we focus
solely on data flow diagrams because they are useful tools for process modelling. Data
flow diagram is one of several structured analysis techniques used to increase software
development productivity.

Figure 3. 4 Context Diagram

Figure 3. 5 Customer Level 1 DFD

17

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

 Figure 3. 6 Customer Level 2 DFD

18

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

 Figure 3. 7 Admin Level 1 DFD

19

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

 Figure 3. 8 Admin Level 2 DFD

20

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

3.2 System Design

3.2.1 Architectural Design

An architectural diagram is a visual representation that maps out the physical

implementation for components of a software system. The architecture of the application
is shown below in figure:

Figure 3. 9 Architectural Diagram

21
Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L
3.2.2 Database Schema

Figure 3. 10 Database Schema

3.2.3 Interface Design

Figure 3. 11 Home Page

22

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

 Figure 3. 12 Contact Us Page

Figure 3. 13 Dashboard Page

Note: More screenshots are available at Appendix 1, page no. 34

23

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

 CHAPTER 4: IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING

4.1 Implementation

4.1.1 Tools Used

The various system tools that have been used in developing both the frontend and the
backend of the project are discussed in this chapter.

i. Frontend

HTML, CSS and JavaScript are used to implement frontend.

HTML: HTML (HyperText Markup Language) [8] is the most basic building block of
the Web. It defines the meaning and structure of web content. The HyperText Markup
Language or HTML is the standard markup language for documents designed to be
displayed in a web browser.

CSS: CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) [9] is the language we use to style an HTML
document. Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a stylesheet language used to describe the
presentation of a document written in HTML or XML. CSS describes how elements
should be rendered on screen, on paper, in speech, or on other media.

JavaScript: JavaScript (JS) [10] is a light-weight object-oriented programming language

which is used by several websites for scripting the webpages. JavaScript (JS) is a
lightweight interpreted (or just-in-time compiled) programming language with first-class
functions. While it is most well-known as the scripting language for Web pages, many
non-browser environments also use it, such as Node.js, Apache CouchDB and Adobe
Acrobat.

Bootstrap: Bootstrap is the most popular HTML, CSS and JavaScript framework for
developing a responsive and mobile friendly website. It is a front-end framework used for
easier and faster web development.

24

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

ii. Backend and Database

The back end is implemented using PHP and MySQL database is used.

PHP: PHP (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) [11] is a widely-used
open-source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web
development and can be embedded into HTML. PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is a server
scripting language, and a powerful tool for making dynamic and interactive Web pages.

MySQL: MySQL is the most popular Open-Source Relational SQL database

management system. MySQL is one of the best RDBMS being used for developing web-
based software applications.

Also, we used other various software like Microsoft Word to create documentation,
Google meet for communication, XAMPP to implement this project on local server and
Visual Studio Code as an IDE. We used https://app.diagrams.net/ website to create
different diagrams.

4.1.2 Implementation details of modules

The implementation involved the creation of specific modules to achieve different

aspects of Online Book Store:

i. User Registration and login: This module focused on creating user-friendly interfaces
for account registration and login. JS is used to validate for client-side validation and
PHP for authentication and authorization.

ii. Product: In the product module, admin can manage information about the product i.e.
book. This includes adding new products, updating details like names and descriptions,
and categorizing items.

iii. Order Management: Admin can manage the orders placed by the customer. It
includes changing status of the order, generating bill of the order.

25

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

iv. Report: Admin can generate the sales report as per the requirement.

v. Order product: Customer can order product online via this module. Also, customer
can track their order.

vi. Rating and review: Customer can write review and rating for the product they
purchase.

4.2 Testing

Software Testing is the process of testing the functionality and correctness of software.
For the web-app to be deployed it has to be tested. Hence test cases are written to test this
application. We focused the test cases on functionality and security of the system. We run
test on various browsers making sure that the website produces the same result and is
stable on the major popular browsers.

4.2.1 Test Cases for Unit Testing

We tested the smallest testable parts of an application, called units, are individually and
independently scrutinized for proper operation. The main objective of unit testing is to
isolate written code to test and determine if it works as intended.

Table 4. 1 Test Cases for Unit Testing

TC Test Expected Actual Rem

Test Data Description
Id Case Result Result arks
Email:
aasish@gmail While entering As
Testing Show error
1 .com incorrect expected Pass
Login message
Password: credentials result
aasish123

26

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

 Email:
Redirect to
aasish@gmail Admin tries to As
Testing admin
2 .com login entering expected Pass
Login dashboard
Password: correct details result
page
aasish@123
As
Testing Click logout Clicking Redirect to
3 expected Pass
Logout button logout button login page
result
Testing
Any of the As
Customer Enter all Show error
4 field is left expected Pass
Registrati required data message
empty result
on
Testing
All details are As
Customer Enter all Registration
5 entered expected Pass
Registrati required data successful
correctly result
on
Testing As
Click Add to Clicking Add Show success
6 Add to expected
cart button to cart button message
Cart result
Clicking
Click
Testing checkout Show order As
checkout
7 Product button and successful expected Pass
button and
order confirming message result
confirm order
order
Testing
adding Fill all the As
While entering Show success
8 product product expected Pass
all details message
by details result
admins
9 Search Enter title of Entering Display As Pass
for a the existing correct details searched book expected
specific book. result
book Title: Seto
using its

27

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

 title Dharti

Click on User is As
Clicking Home
10 Home in Click Home redirected to expected Pass
in menu bar
menu the homepage result

4.2.1 Test Cases for System Testing

System Testing includes testing of a fully integrated software system. We conducted

system testing on a complete integrated system to evaluate the system's compliance with
its specified requirements.

Table 4. 2 Testing for Adding Books

Test Case ID: 01 Test Designed by:

Aasish Shrestha
Test Executed by:
Test Title: Verifying the process of adding books
Aasish Shrestha
Description: Test the add book functionality of OBS.
Pre-conditions: Admin is logged in to the system.
Step Test Steps Test Data Expected Actual Result Status
Result
1 Navigate to Click Redirect to As Excepted Pass
Add Book Add book
menu. page.
2 Enter all All required Show As Excepted Pass
required book’s data success
details and message
click ‘Add
Book’ button.
Post-conditions: Book is successfully added.

28

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

 Table 4. 3 Testing Cart and Wishlist

Test Case ID: 02 Test Designed by:

Aasish Shrestha
Test Title: Verifying the process of adding books to cart Test Executed by:
and Wishlist Aasish Shrestha
Description: Test the add to cart and add to Wishlist of OBS.
Pre-conditions: Customer is logged in to the website.
Step Test Steps Test Data Expected Actual Result Status
Result
1 Navigate to Click Redirect to As Excepted Pass
Shop menu. Shop page.

2 Click add to Clicking add to Show As Excepted Pass

cart button in cart button success
selected message
product
3 Click add to Clicking add to Show As Excepted Pass
wishlist button wishlist button success
in selected message
product
4 Click view Clicking view Display As Excepted Pass
cart button cart button item in cart

Post-conditions: Book is successfully added in to cart and wishlist.

29

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

 Table 4. 4 Testing Rating and Review

Test Case ID: 04 Test Designed by:

Aasish Shrestha
Test Title: Verifying the process of rating and review of Test Executed by:
books Aasish Shrestha
Description: Test the rating and review functionality of OBS.
Pre-conditions: Customer is logged in to the website and already has delivered
product.
Step Test Steps Test Data Expected Actual Result Status
Result
1 Navigate to Click Redirect to As Excepted Pass
My Account Account
menu. page.
2 Navigate to To Click Display As Excepted Pass
Review menu. product
whose
rating and
review is to
be given
3 Choose Click Add Redirect to As Excepted Pass
product you Review button respective
want to review product
page
4 Enter rating Fill all data and Display As Excepted Pass
and review click Add success
Review button message

Post-conditions: Rating and review is successfully added.

30

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

 Table 4. 5 Verifying Navigation Menu

Test Case ID: 05 Test Designed by:

Aasish Shrestha
Test Executed by:
Test Title: Verifying the navigation menu
Aasish Shrestha
Description: Test the navigation menu of OBS.
Pre-conditions: The website is running. Home page for customer side and
Dashboard page for admin side
Step Test Steps Test Data Expected Actual Result Status
Result
Customer Side
1 Navigate to Click Redirect to As Excepted Pass
Shop menu. Shop page.

2 Navigate to Click Redirect to As Excepted Pass

About Us About us
menu. page.

3 Navigate to Click Redirect to As Excepted Pass

View wishlist Wishlist
menu. page.

4 Navigate to Click Redirect to As Excepted Pass

About Us About us
menu. page.

Admin Side

31

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

5 Navigate to Click Redirect to As Excepted Pass
Add Book Add book
menu. page.

6 Navigate to Click Redirect to As Excepted Pass

Sales Sales report
report page.
menu.
7 Navigate to Click Redirect to As Excepted Pass
All Orders All Orders
menu. page.

8 Navigate to Click Redirect to As Excepted Pass

Feedback Feedback
menu. page.

Post-conditions: All navigation is working properly.

Table 4. 6 Testing Order Book Function

Test Case ID: 06 Test Designed by:

Aasish Shrestha
Test Executed by:
Test Title: Verifying the process of ordering books
Aasish Shrestha
Description: Test the order book functionality of OBS.
Pre-conditions: Customer is logged in to the website and has items in cart.
Step Test Steps Test Data Expected Actual Result Status
Result
1 Navigate to Click Redirect to As Excepted Pass
checkout Add book
button. page.

32

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

2 Fill checkout All required Show As Excepted Pass
form and click information in success
confirm order the form. message

Post-conditions: Book is successfully ordered.

33

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE
RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Conclusion

With the wide accessibility of the internet, online shopping has become popular among
the consumers. People are also attracted towards buying books online. This system
enables customers to buy books of their choice online. Also, this computerized system
will assists store owner in efficient and effective record keeping and analysis of sales. It
plays significant role to save time and labour.

5.2 Lessons Learnt/Outcome

As a student involving in this project, I learned a lot throughout during this project. I
realized importance of planning and good communication, also I learned to visualize the
requirements of the clients and implementing it in my project. This project focuses on
bringing traditional book stores to online platform.

5.3 Future Recommendations

We intend to develop this software further and enhance it to make it more productive.
Possible future enhancement of this OBS would be:

• Integrating payment system

• More responsive user-friendly design
• Mobile application development
• Provide an SMS service when orders are processed and for special jobs.

34

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

 35

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

 REFERENCES

[1] A. Molla and P. S. Licker, “eCommerce adoption in developing countries: a model

and instrument,” Information and Management, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 877-899, 2005.

[2] E. Brynjolfsson and M. D. Smith, “Frictionless commerce? A comparison of internet

and conventional retailers,” Management Science, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 563-585, 2000.

[3] K. Hassanein and M. Head, “Manipulating perceived social presence through the
web interface and its impact on attitude towards online shopping,” International
Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, vol. 65, no. 8, pp. 689-708, 2007.

[4] A. Pandey and J. Parmar, “Factors Affecting Consumer's Online Shopping Buying
Behavior,” 2019. [Online]. Available: https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3308689.

[5] Books Mandala, “About Us,” [Online]. Available: https://booksmandala.com/about-

us.

[6] Thuprai, “About Us,” [Online]. Available: https://thuprai.com/about/.

[7] Books Depository, “About Us,” [Online]. Available:

https://www.bookdepository.com/aboutus.

[8] MDN Web Docs, “HTML: HyperText Markup Language,” [Online]. Available:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML.

[9] MDN Web Docs, “CSS: Cascading Style Sheets,” [Online]. Available:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS.

[10] MDN Web Docs, “JavaScript,” [Online]. Available:

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript.

[11] php.net, “What is PHP?,” [Online]. Available: https://www.php.net/manual/en/intro-

whatis.php.

36

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

 APPENDICES

Appendix 1: Screenshots

37

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

 38

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

 39

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

Appendix 2: Source Codes

About us page source code:

<?php
session_start();
include './includes/config.php'
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"
rel="stylesheet">
<script
src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></
script>
<link rel="stylesheet"
href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.4.0/css/all.min.css" />
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.4.0/js/
all.min.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./assets/css/style.css">
<title>About Us</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php include './userNav.php' ?>
<main class="mt-3">
<div>
<h1 class="text-center fw-bold">About Us</h1>
</div>
<section id="aboutus-content">
<div class="container mt-5">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-7">
40

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

 <div class="left-content">
<h2>Welcome to Books Nepal</h2>
<p>Welcome to our online book store, your one-stop destination for
literary delights and reading treasures! We take immense pride in curating an extensive
collection of books across genres, catering to all kinds of readers. Whether you're an avid
reader seeking the latest bestsellers, a student hunting for educational resources, or a
connoisseur of classic literature, our virtual shelves hold something special for
everyone.</p>
<p>Our mission is to provide book enthusiasts with a seamless and
convenient shopping experience from the comfort of their own homes. With a user-
friendly interface, intuitive search options, and personalized recommendations, we strive
to make your book browsing and purchasing journey enjoyable and hassle-free.</p>
<p> Dive into a world of imagination, knowledge, and adventure as you
explore our carefully selected titles. From fiction to non-fiction, mystery to romance,
science fiction to self-help, our diverse assortment ensures that you'll find exactly what
you're looking for and perhaps even stumble upon unexpected literary gems.</p>
<p>At our online book store, we believe in the magic of words and the
transformative power of reading. Our dedicated team is committed to fostering a love for
reading by connecting readers with authors and stories that resonate. Join us on this
literary voyage, and together, let's embark on a journey that celebrates the joy of reading
and the boundless possibilities that books offer.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-5">
<div class="d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center h-100">
<img src="./assets/images/books-logo.png" width="300px" class="img-
fluid" alt="About1-Image">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="container mt-5 ourdata">
<div class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-around px-3">
<div class="text-center">
<div class="fw-medium fs-1">4M</div><span class="fs-6">Active
Users</span>
</div>

41

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

 <div class="text-center">
<div class="fw-medium fs-1">4M</div><span class="fs-6">Active
Users</span>
</div>
<div class="text-center">
<div class="fw-medium fs-1">4M</div><span class="fs-6">Active
Users</span>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="ourteam mt-5 p-2" style="background-color: var(--creamy);">
<div class="container">
<h3 class="fw-bold mb-3">Our Team</h3>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-3 px-2">
<div class="team-content">
<div class="img-content w-100 mb-2" style="height: 400px;">
<img src="./assets/images/aboutus-img4.jpg" class="d-block img-
fluid h-100 w-100" alt="" style="object-fit: cover;">
</div>
<h4 class="fs-4 fw-bold mb-1">Utsav Timsina</h4>
<h5 class="fs-6">CEO</h5>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-3 px-2">
<div class="team-content">
<div class="img-content w-100 mb-2" style="height: 400px;">
<img src="./assets/images/aboutus-img1.jpg" class="d-block img-
fluid h-100 w-100" alt="" style="object-fit: cover;">
</div>
<h4 class="fs-4 fw-bold mb-1">Krishna Parajuli</h4>
<h5 class="fs-6">CMO</h5>
</div>

42

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

 </div>
<div class="col-3 px-2">
<div class="team-content">
<div class="img-content w-100 mb-2" style="height: 400px;">
<img src="./assets/images/aboutus-img3.jpg" class="d-block img-
fluid h-100 w-100" alt="" style="object-fit: cover;">
</div>
<h4 class="fs-4 fw-bold mb-1">Krishna Khadka</h4>
<h5 class="fs-6">CTO</h5>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-3 px-2">
<div class="team-content">
<div class="img-content w-100 mb-2" style="height: 400px;">
<img src="./assets/images/aboutus-img2.jpg" class="d-block img-
fluid h-100 w-100" alt="" style="object-fit: cover;">
</div>
<h4 class="fs-4 fw-bold mb-1">Sandesh Adhikari</h4>
<h5 class="fs-6">COO</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="container our-usp mt-5 mb-3">
<h3 class="fw-bold mb-2">Why We?</h3>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-4">
<div class="usp-content text-center">
<i class="fa-solid fa-truck-fast"></i>
<h1>Faster Delivery</h1>
</div>
</div>

43

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

 <div class="col-lg-4">
<div class="usp-content text-center">
<i class="fas fa-th"></i>
<h1>Wide Selection</h1>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-4">
<div class="usp-content text-center">
<i class="fa-solid fa-headset"></i>
<h1>Customer Support</h1>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</main>
<footer id="myfooter">
<?php include './userFooter.php' ?>
</footer>
</body>
</html>

Add product code snippets:

<?php
session_start();
require '../includes/adminAccess.php';
include '../includes/config.php';
if (isset($_POST['addButton'])) {
$title = mysqli_real_escape_string($conn,$_POST['bookName']);
$author = mysqli_real_escape_string($conn,$_POST['authorName']);
$category = $_POST['book_cat'];
$description = mysqli_real_escape_string($conn,$_POST['bookDescription']);

44

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

 $price = $_POST['bookPrice'];
$published = $_POST['publishedYear'];
$publisher = mysqli_real_escape_string($conn, $_POST['publisher']);
$isbn = $_POST['isbn'];
$quantity = $_POST['stockQuantity'];
date_default_timezone_set("Asia/Kathmandu");
$created_date = date('Y-m-d H:i:s');
$updated_date = date('Y-m-d H:i:s');
$productImage = basename($_FILES['productImage']['name']);
$image_tmp_name = $_FILES['productImage']['tmp_name'];
if (!empty($productImage)) {
$target_dir = "../uploads/";
$time = date("d-m-Y")."-".time() ;
$imageFilename= $time."-".$productImage ;
$target_file = $target_dir . $imageFilename;
$fileType = strtolower(pathinfo($target_file, PATHINFO_EXTENSION));
$image_size = $_FILES['productImage']['size'];
$allowTypes = array('jpg', 'png', 'jpeg');
if ($image_size <= 2097152) {
if (in_array($fileType, $allowTypes)) {
if (move_uploaded_file($image_tmp_name, $target_file)) {
$insertQuery = "INSERT INTO `book_tbl`(`title`, `author`, `cat_id`,
`description`, `price`, `book_image`, `quantity`, `isbn`, `publisher`, `publish_year`,
`created_date`, `updated_date`) VALUES
('$title','$author','$category','$description','$price','$imageFilename','$quantity','$isbn',
'$publisher', '$published','$created_date','$updated_date')";

$result = mysqli_query($conn, $insertQuery);

if ($result) {
$_SESSION['success'] = "Book added successfully";
} else {
unlink("../uploads/" . $imageFilename);
$_SESSION['error'] = "Book cannot be added. Please try
again.".mysqli_error($conn);

45

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

 }
} else {
$_SESSION['error'] = "Image upload error";
}
} else {
$_SESSION['error'] = "Invalid File type";
}
} else {
$_SESSION['error'] = "Image size cannot exceed 2MB";
}
} else {
$_SESSION['error'] = "Please Select an Image";
}
header("location: ./addProduct.php");
die;
}
?>

46

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

Appendix 3: Database Tables

Book Category Table:

Book Table:

Cart Table:

47

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

Customer Feedback Table:

Order Items Table:

Order Table:

48

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

 Ratings and Review Table:

User Table:

49

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L

Wishlist Table:

50

Downloaded by K?M?L S?NJY?L