Test Name: ROTATIONAL DYNAMICS -NEW SET D Subjects: Physics

Marks: 20 Standard: XII Science English Maharashtra State

Board

Duration: 1 HR

SECTION A

1. Select and write the correct answer for the following multiple choice type of questions: 3

i. A particle moves with a constant velocity parallel to the X-axis. Its angular momentum with respect to the
origin

(A) goes on decreasing. (B) is zero.

(C) goes on increasing. (D) remains constant.

ii. A circular disc rotates about an axis passing through centre with a certain angular velocity. Suddenly a
small piece of the disc is broken from the edge and falls down, then

(A) its M.I will increase and angular velocity will (B) its M.I will decrease and the angular velocity
decrease. will increase.

(C) both the M.I and the angular velocity will (D) both the M.I and the angular velocity will
increase. decrease.

iii. A thin ring has mass 0.25 kg and radius 0.5 m. Its M.I. about an axis passing through its centre and
perpendicular to its plane is _______.

(A) 0.0625 kg m2 (B) 0.625 kg m2

(C) 6.25 kg m2 (D) 62.5 kg m2

Ans: Ic = MR2 = 0.25 × 0.52 = 0.0625 kgm2

2. Answer the following questions: 3

i. State an expression for moment of inertia of a solid cylinder of uniform cross section about its own axis of
symmetry.

Expression for M.I of solid cylinder about its own axis of symmetry:
 Let, M = mass of cylinder,
R = radius of cross section of cylinder
L = length of cylinder,
ZZ′ = axis passing through its centre and ⊥ar to its plane
The M. I of solid cylinder about its own axis of symmetry is given by,
I = MR2

ii. Calculate the moment of inertia of a uniform disc of mass 10 kg and radius 60 cm about an axis
perpendicular to its length and passing through its centre.

M.I. of uniform disc about an axis perpendicular to its length and passing through its centre,
I= MR2 = × 10 × (0.6)2 = 5 × 0.36 = 1.8 kg m2

iii. Write the expressions for minimum velocity at lower most and at horizontal position for mass tied to rod
performing vertical circular motion.

i. (vlowermost)min =
ii. (vhorizontal position)min =

SECTION B

Attempt any TWO questions of the following: 4

3. A coin kept at a distance of 5 cm from the centre of a turntable of radius 1.5 m just begins to slip when the
turntable rotates at a speed of 90 r.p.m. Calculate the coefficient of static friction between the coin and the
turntable.[g = 9.8 m/s2]

The coefficient of static friction between the coin and the turntable is 0.4527.

4. State an expression for moment of inertia of a uniform solid sphere about its tangent.

M.I of solid sphere about its tangent:

i. Let, I = M.I of solid sphere about its diameter ZZ′.
IT = Moment of inertia of the sphere about tangent YY′.
ii. Applying theorem of parallel axis,
IT = IO + MR2 = MR2 + MR2 = MR2

5. Distinguish between centripetal force and centrifugal force.

Sr.
Centripetal force Centrifugal force
No.

Centripetal force is directed along the Centrifugal force is directed along the
i.
radius towards the centre of a circle. radius away from the centre of a circle.

ii. It is a real force. It is a pseudo force.

It is considered in inertial frame of It is considered in non-inertial frame of

iii.
reference. reference.
 iv. In vector form, it is given by In vector form, it is given by
= ­– =+
with usual notations. with usual notations.

6. A. Define uniform circular motion.

During circular motion, if the speed of the particle remains constant, it is called Uniform Circular Motion (UCM).

B. State the following term:

Conical pendulum

A tiny mass (assumed to be a point object and called a bob) connected to a long, flexible, massless, inextensible
string, and suspended to a rigid support revolves in such a way that the string moves along the surface of a right
circular cone of vertical axis and the point object performs a uniform horizontal circular motion. Such a system is
called a conical pendulum.

SECTION C

Attempt any TWO questions of the following: 6

7. Explain the term non-uniform circular motion with the help of an example.

i. During circular motion if the speed of the particle varies, it is called non-uniform circular motion.
ii. In case of non-uniform circular motion, the velocity is still tangential, the centripetal or radial acceleration is
still there. However, for non-uniform circular motion, the magnitude of is not constant.
iii. The acceleration responsible for changing the magnitude of velocity is directed along or opposite to the
velocity, hence it is always tangential and the acceleration is called as tangential acceleration .
iv. As magnitude of tangential velocity is changing during a non-uniform circular motion, the corresponding

angular velocity is also changing at every instant. This is due to the angular acceleration, = .
v. Though the motion is non-uniform, the particles are still in the same plane. Hence, the direction of is still
along the axis of rotation. For increasing speed, it is along the direction of while during decreasing speed, it is
opposite to that of .

vi. Example: When a fan is switched ON or OFF, the speed of the particles of the fan goes on increasing or
decreasing for some time, however their directions are always tangential to their circular trajectories. During this
time, it is performing non-uniform circular motion.

8. Derive expression for angle of banking when a vehicle (consider to be a point) moves along a curved banked
road neglecting friction.

i. The vertical section of a vehicle on a curved road of radius ‘r’ banked at an angle ‘θ’ with the horizontal is
shown in the figure.

ii. Considering the vehicle to be a point and ignoring friction (not eliminating) and other non-conservative forces
like air resistance, there are two forces acting on the vehicle:
a. weight (mg), vertically downwards
 b. normal reaction (N), perpendicular to the surface of the road.
iii. As the motion of the vehicle is along a horizontal circle, the resultant force must be horizontal and directed
towards the centre of the track. Hence, the vertical force mg must be balanced.
iv. Thus, normal reaction (N) is resolved into,
a. N sin θ - along the horizontal.
b. N cos θ - along the vertical.
v. The vertical component N cosθ balances the weight,
∴ N cosθ = mg ….(1)
vi. Horizontal component Nsinθ being the resultant force, must be the necessary centripetal force (or balance the
centrifugal force).
∴ N sin θ = ….(2)
Dividing equation (2) by equation (1),
tanθ =

∴ θ = tan–1
This is an expression for angle of banking when a vehicle moves along a curved banked road neglecting
friction.

9. A stone of mass 2 kg tied to a light inextensible string of length 3.6 m is whirling in a circular path of radius
3.6 m in a vertical plane. If the ratio of the maximum tension in the string to the minimum tension is 3, then
determine the speed of the stone at the highest point of the circle. [Take g = 10 m/s2]

When stone is at bottom position, the string experiences maximum tension, Tmax = + mg and when stone is

at top position, the string experiences minimum tension, Tmin = – mg

∴ Using the law of conservation of energy,
(K.E.)bottom = (K.E.)top + (P.E.)top
∴ = + 2mgr
i.e., = + 4rg

∴ =

∴ = ….

= ....[∵ v12 = v22 + 4rg]

∴ + 5rg = 3 – 3rg
∴ 2 = 8rg = 8 × 3.6 × 10
∴ = 144
⇒ v2 = 12 m/s

SECTION D

Attempt any ONE question of the following: 4

10. Obtain the condition for not toppling for a four-wheeler. On what factors does it depend, and in what way?
Think about the normal reactions – where are those and how much are those! What is the recommendation
on loading the vehicle for not toppling easily? If a vehicle topples while turning, which wheels leave the
contact? Why? How does it affect the tyres? What is the recommendation for this?

i. When a four-wheeler takes a turn on a curve unbanked road then it has a tendency to skid away from centre of
the road.
ii. The torque that prevents it from skipping away from the turn arises as the normal force on the outside wheels
is larger than the normal force on the inside wheels.
iii. Overturning of a vehicle:
a. When a car moves in a circular path with speed more than a certain maximum speed, then it overturns even if
friction is sufficient to avoid skidding and its inner wheel leaves the ground first.
 b. Let weight of the car = mg, speed of the car = v,
radius of the curved path = r
Distance between the centre of wheels of the car = 2a
Height of the centre of gravity (G) of the car from the road level = h
Reaction on the inner wheel of the car by the ground = R1
Reaction on the outer wheel of the car by the ground = R2
c. When a car moves in a circular path, horizontal frictional force F provides the required centripetal force.
i.e., F = .…(1)
d. For rotational equilibrium, by taking the moment of forces R1, R2 and F about G we get,
Fh + R1a = R2a .…(2)
As there is no vertical motion,
R1 + R2 = mg .…(3)
By solving (1), (2) and (3) we get,
R1 = .…(4) and

R2 = .…(5)
e. From equation (4), if v increases, value of R1 decreases and for R1 = 0,

= g or v =

i.e., the maximum speed of a car without overturning on a flat road is given by v =
iv. As maximum speed is independent of mass of the vehicle, loading the vehicle does not play a vital role for
toppling.
v. For safe driving of vehicle on curved unbanked road, the speed should be v < . As friction is not reliable,
at high speeds and sharp turns, friction is not able to provide the required centripetal force. Friction causes
unnecessary wear and tear of the tyres.

11. A. Explain the physical significance of moment of inertia.

i. If M.I. replaces mass m and angular speed ω replaces linear speed v, rotational
K.E. = is analogous to translational K.E. = .
ii. Thus, I is defined to be the rotational inertia or moment of inertia (M.I.) of the object about the given axis of
rotation.
iii. Moment of inertia of an object depends upon (i) individual masses and (ii) the distribution of these masses
about the given axis of rotation.
iv. For a different axis, it will again depend upon the mass distribution around that axis and will be different if
there is no symmetry.

B. The moment of inertia of a particle about an axis of rotation is 0.2 kg m2. If the angular momentum of the
particle about the axis is 0.4 kg m2/s, then what is the rotational kinetic energy of the particle?

The rotational kinetic energy of the particle is 0.4 J.