CHAPTER 4: CELLS AND ENERGY
Question 1:
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of life?
a) Metabolism
b) Growth
c) Reproduction
d) Consciousness
Question 2:
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
a) Energy can be created but not destroyed.
b) Energy can be destroyed but not created.
c) Energy can be created and destroyed.
d) Energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
Question 3:
What is the second law of thermodynamics, as depicted in the image?
a) Energy becomes more available over time.
b) Energy becomes less available over time.
c) Energy remains constant over time.
d) Energy can be created but not destroyed.
Question 5:
What is the term used to describe the degree of disorder or randomness in a
system?
a) Entropy
b) Enthalpy
c) Kinetic energy
d) Potential energy
7. What is the role of biological catalysts in chemical reactions?
a) They provide the energy needed to initiate the reaction.
b) They slow down the reaction rate.
c) They change themselves into products.
d) They speed up the reaction rate without changing themselves.
8. What is the term for the energy required to start a chemical reaction?
a) Activation energy
b) Potential energy
c) Kinetic energy
d) Heat energy
9. Which type of reaction releases energy?
a) Exothermic reaction
b) Endothermic reaction
c) Endergonic reaction
d) Photosynthesis
10. What is the relationship between the energy of the products and the energy of
the reactants in an endergonic reaction?
a) Energy of products < Energy of reactants
b) Energy of products > Energy of reactants
c) Energy of products = Energy of reactants
d) There is no relationship between the energy of products and reactants.
12. In an endothermic reaction, the energy of the products is compared to the
energy of the reactants. Which statement is correct?
a) The energy of the products is less than the energy of the reactants.
b) The energy of the products is greater than the energy of the reactants.
c) The energy of the products is equal to the energy of the reactants.
d) The relationship between the energy of products and reactants cannot be
determined.
14. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of biological catalysts?
a) They speed up reactions.
b) They are consumed during the reaction.
c) They are specific to certain reactions.
d) They are not changed by the reaction.
15. How can energy be released in a chemical reaction?
a) As heat only
b) As light only
c) As heat or chemical energy
d) Energy cannot be released in chemical reactions.
16. What is the name given to the substance upon which an enzyme acts?
a) Catalyst
b) Substrate
c) Product
d) Cofactor
17. What is the region on an enzyme where the substrate binds?
a) Activation site
b) Active site
c) Binding site
d) Catalytic site
18. Which of the following factors can affect the activity of an enzyme?
a) Temperature only
b) pH only
c) Concentration of substrate only
d) Temperature, pH, and concentration of substrate
19. What is the process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones
called?
a) Anabolism
b) Catabolism
c) Metabolism
d) Digestion
20. What is the term for a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions in a cell?
a) Metabolic pathway
b) Enzyme cascade
c) Biochemical cycle
d) Enzyme complex
21. What is the term for a molecule that binds to an enzyme and helps it function?
a) Substrate
b) Inhibitor
c) Product
d) Cofactor
22. How do enzymes increase the rate of a chemical reaction?
a) By lowering the activation energy of the reaction.
b) By increasing the temperature of the reaction.
c) By increasing the concentration of reactants.
d) By changing the equilibrium constant of the reaction.
23. What is the term for the process of building up large molecules from smaller
ones?
a) Catabolism
b) Digestion
c) Metabolism
d) Anabolism
24. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of enzymes?
a) They are specific to certain reactions.
b) They are consumed during the reaction.
c) They are affected by temperature and pH.
d) They can be regulated by other molecules.
25. What is the role of cofactors in enzyme function?
a) To act as substrates for the enzyme.
b) To inhibit the activity of the enzyme.
c) To help the enzyme bind to its substrate.
d) To provide the energy needed for the reaction.
26. What is the term for a molecule that binds to an enzyme and inhibits its
activity?
a) Substrate
b) Cofactor
c) Product
d) Inhibitor
27. How do changes in pH affect enzyme activity?
a) They can alter the shape of the enzyme and its active site.
b) They can increase the activation energy of the reaction.
c) They can denature the enzyme, making it inactive.
d) All of the above.
28. What is the term for the process by which an enzyme loses its shape and
function?
a) Denaturation
b) Inhibition
c) Degradation
d) Activation
29. Which of the following is NOT an example of a metabolic pathway?
a) Glycolysis
b) Krebs cycle
c) Photosynthesis
d) DNA replication
30. What is the role of digestion in the body?
a) To synthesize large molecules from smaller ones.
b) To break down large molecules into smaller ones.
c) To regulate body temperature.
d) To store energy.
31. What is the term for a molecule that binds to an enzyme and inhibits its
activity by binding at a site other than the active site?
a) Substrate
b) Cofactor
c) Product
d) Noncompetitive inhibitor
32. How can a noncompetitive inhibitor affect enzyme activity?
a) By blocking the active site.
b) By changing the shape of the enzyme.
c) By competing with the substrate for binding.
d) By directly inactivating the enzyme.
33. What is the term for the substance that is formed as a result of an enzyme-
catalyzed reaction?
a) Substrate
b) Cofactor
c) Product
d) Inhibitor
34. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a metabolic pathway?
a) It is a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
b) It is regulated by feedback mechanisms.
c) It is a linear sequence of reactions.
d) It is involved in only catabolic processes.
35. How can temperature affect enzyme activity?
a) Increasing temperature always increases enzyme activity.
b) Increasing temperature always decreases enzyme activity.
c) Increasing temperature can initially increase activity but then lead to denaturation.
d) Temperature has no effect on enzyme activity.
39. How can feedback inhibition regulate a metabolic pathway?
a) By increasing the activity of the first enzyme in the pathway.
b) By decreasing the activity of the first enzyme in the pathway.
c) By increasing the concentration of the substrate.
d) By increasing the temperature of the reaction.
40. What is the difference between catabolism and anabolism?
a) Catabolism is the breakdown of molecules, while anabolism is the synthesis of
molecules.
b) Catabolism is the synthesis of molecules, while anabolism is the breakdown of
molecules.
c) Catabolism is the storage of energy, while anabolism is the release of energy.
d) Catabolism is the regulation of metabolism, while anabolism is the control of
enzyme activity.
41. What molecule is often referred to as the "energy currency" of the cell?
a) ADP
b) NADH
c) FADH2
d) ATP
42. Which of the following processes is involved in the production of ATP?
a) Photosynthesis
b) Cellular respiration
c) Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration
d) Neither photosynthesis nor cellular respiration
43. Which of the following is NOT a component of ATP?
a) Adenine
b) Ribose
c) Phosphate group
d) Deoxyribose
44. What is the role of NAD+ and FAD in cellular respiration?
a) To store energy in the form of ATP.
b) To act as electron carriers.
c) To catalyze the reactions of the Krebs cycle.
d) To transport oxygen to the mitochondria.
45. What is the process by which ATP is synthesized using the energy from a
proton gradient?
a) Chemiosmosis
b) Glycolysis
c) Krebs cycle
d) Electron transport chain
46. Which of the following is NOT a coenzyme involved in electron transport?
a) NAD+
b) FAD
c) ATP
d) Ubiquinone
47. What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?
a) Oxygen
b) Water
c) Carbon dioxide
d) NAD+
48. Where does the electron transport chain occur in eukaryotes?
a) Cytoplasm
b) Nucleus
c) Mitochondria
d) Chloroplasts
49. What is the role of the proton gradient in ATP synthesis?
a) To provide the energy to directly synthesize ATP.
b) To drive the rotation of ATP synthase, which produces ATP.
c) To transport electrons through the electron transport chain.
d) To act as a final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
1d 2d 3b 5a 7d 8a 9a 10b 12b 14b 15c 16b 17b 18d 19b 20a 21d 22a 23d 24b 25c 26d
27d 28a 29d 30b 31d 32b 33c 34d 35c 39b 40a 41d 42c 43d 44b 45a 46c 47a 48c 49b
