The Solid State

Topic-1 : Different Types, Crystal Structure

~l
®{j~lM(X), with One Correct Aru,--wer
and Properties Solids
7. Copper crystallises in fee with a unit length of361pm. What
istheradiusofcopper atom? [Main Online April 25, 2013]
'X' melts at bo low temperature and is a-b-ad-cond u-t f (a) 157pm (b) 128pm (~) 108pm (d) 181 pm
1. • m
. ity . th 1·iqUI"d and solid state. X is: c or o
electnc 8. In which of the following crystals alternate tetrahedral
[Main Jan. 09, 2020 (I)] voids are occupied? [2005S]
. .
(a) Z~~c sulphi~e (b) Mercury (a) NaO (b) ZnS (c) CaF 2 (d) N320

2.
(c) Silicon carbide
• The ratio of numix: r of
(d) Carbon tetrachloride
atoms present in a simple cubic, (~}[~~~] Numeric Answer :
2 kg mo1-1 forms a
!
molar mass 2.7 x 10-
body centered cubic and face centered cubic structure 9. An elemen t with
are, respectively: [Main April 12, 2019 (II)] cubic unit cell with edge length 405 pm. If its density is 2.7
{a) 8:1:6 (b) 1:~:4 (c) 4:2:1 {d) 4:2:3 x 103 kg m-3, the radius of the element is approximately
3. Which primit ive unit cell has unequal edge lengths _ _ _ _ x 10-12 m (to the nearest integer). •
[Main Sep. 03, 2020 (I))
(a* b* c) and all axial angles different from 90°?
[Main Jan. 10, 2019 (I)]
onal
@)}--i_]Matcb the Following _ I
(a) Triclinic (b) Hexag
(d) Tetrag onal 10. Match the crystal system/unit cells mentioned in Column
(c) Monoclinic I with their characteristic features mentioned in Column II.
All ofthe following share the same crystal structure except.
4. Indicate your answer by darkening the appropriate bubbles
[Main Online April 15, 2018 (Il)] ofthe 4 x 4·matrix given in the ORS. [2007)
(a) RbCl (b) NaO (c) CsCl (d) LiCl Column II
Column I
5. In a monoclinic unit cell, the relation of sides and angles . (A) Simple cubic and (p) have these parameters,
are respectively: [Main Online April 12, 2014) • face-centered cubic a= b :== c and a= p= y
(a) a=b;t c and a= p =y=90 ° parame ters
(b) a ;e b ;e c and a= p = y = 90,0
(q) are two crystal systems
(B) cubic and
(c) a;eb;e candp =y=9 0°;ea rhombohedral
(d) a ;e b ;e c and a ;e p ;e y ;e 90° (C) cubic and tetragonal (r) have only two crystallo-
6. Which of the following exists as covalent crystals in the graphic angles of90°
solid state? • [Main 2013] and (s) belong to same crystal
(D) hexago nal
(a) Iodine (b) Silicon monoclinic system
(c) Sulphur ....__ (d) Phosphorus

lopic-2 : Cubic Systems, Bragg's Equation

et and Imperfection in Solids
50%> ofoctahedral voids and the cation 'Mi' occupies 12.5%
®I ____] oftetrahedral voids ofoxide lattice. The oxidation numbers of
1, Aaystal is made up ofmetal ions 1 'M ' and'~ ' and oxide ions. 'M1' and 'Mi' are, re.5pectively: [Main Sep. 06, 2020 (ll)I
Oxide ions. faro accp lattice structW 'e. The catioo 'M 1' occpies (a) +2, +4 (b) +l, +3 (c) +3, +I (d) +4, +2
 --- -·- •- - - - - - - - · ·-
. '"Che1111~
2. A diatomic molecule Xi bas abody-centred to. Ametal crystallises in a fucc cethntred cu;tb1c struc
c~~i c (bee) ture. lftJi'
structure \\-ith a cell edge of300 pm. The dens edge length ofit s~t cell is'a',. ec1.exieS appr
ity of the oach_~ e
molecule is 6.17 g cm-3. The nwnbcr of mole two atoms in metallic ~ta l will be.
cules present (Main 20~
in 200 g of Xi is: \Main Sep. OS, 2020 (1)1 a I
(Avogadroconstant (NA)= 6 x t 023 mot- 1)
(a) 40NA (b) SNA
(a) 2a (b) a (c) a (d) Ji.
3. (c) 4NA (d) 2NA . 11. Sodium metal crystallizesA·in a bodyd~entrfed
An clement crystallises in a face-centred cubic cubic
(fee) umt with a unit cell edge of4.29 . The ra ms O sodiu lattiec
cell with cell edge a. The distance between m atoni.
the centres of approximately: !Main 2015)
two nearest octahedral voids in the crystal lattic is
e is : (a) 5.71A (b) 0.93A (c) LS6A (d). 1
[Main Sep. OS, 2020 (II)} 22A
(a) 72 (b) a (c) (d) %
12. The correct statement for the molecule, Csl3
(a) It is a covalen~molec~~e.
[t
ain 20141
4. Which ofthe following compounds is likely
(b) It contains Cs and 1 1~ns.
3
to show both (c) It contains Cs3+and r 10~s.
Frenkel and Schottky defects in its crystallin
A
(a) .gBr
e fonn?
[Main Jan. 08, 2020 (11)1
(d) It contains Cs+, ran d ~attic~ mole_cule
13, The appearance of colour m soh a~~h
J . .
. (b) 00 (c) K& (d) ZnS ~etril~halides is
5. generally due to: [Main On me P 11, 20141
Asohd having density of9 x l 03 kg m-3 form
s face centred (a) Schottky defect (b) Frenkel defect
cubic crystals of edge length pm. What is the (c) Interstitial position (d) F-centres
molar mass of the solid? (Main Jan. 11, 2019 (1)1 14. In a face centered cubic lattice atoms A
[Avogadro constant"" 6 x 1023 mo1-1, 7t == ~re at fthe corner
points and atoms Bat the face centered p~mts. 1
(a) 0.0432kgmo1-1 31 atom Bis
(b) 0.0216kgmol-1 missing from one of the face ce~tered ~omts,
{c) 0.0305 kg mo1-1 t~e formula
6. (d) 0.4320 kg mo1-1 • of the ionic compound is: [Mam Online Apr
A compound of formula AiB has the hep lattic il 9, 2014J
e. Which (a) AB (b) A5B2 _(c) ~B3 (d) At3 .
at~m ~orms the hep lattice and3what fraction 2
15. An element having an atonuc radms of0.14 5
V01ds is occupied by the other atoms: of tetrahedral crystallizes
in an fee unit cell. What is the length ofa side
of the cell ?
(Main Jan.10, 2019 (II)] [Main Online April 9, 20131
(a) 0.56nm (b) 0.24nm (c) 0.96nm (d)
(a) hep lattice -A, I Tetrahedral voids- B 0.4nm
16. Which one of the following statements abou
3 t packing in
'solids is incorrect? (Main Online April 22, 20131
(b) hep lattice - A, ! Tetrahedral voids - (a) Coordination number in bee mode ofpack
ing is 8.
. 3 B (b) Coordination number in hep mode ofpack
ing is 12.
(c) Void space in hep mode ofpacking is 32%
(c) hep lattice - B, I Tetrahedral voids-A .
(d) Void space is ccp mode ofpacking is 26%.
3 17. In a face centred cubic lattice, atoms of
Aform the
(d) hep lattice - B, ! Tetrahedral voids -A points and atoms of B form the face centred poin comer
ts. If
3 atoms ofAare missing from the comer points, the two
7. formula
At I00°C, copper (Cu) has FCC unit cell struc ofthe ionic compound is: [Main Online Apri
tur~ with cell l 23, 2013]
edge length ofx A. What is the approximate (a) AB3 (b) AB (c) A2B5 (d) AB
3
.(in g cm- ) at this temperature?
dens ity ofCu 18. The arrangement ofX-io 4 2
ns around A+ ion in solid AX is
[Atomic Mass ofCu= 63.55 u] [Main Jan. given in the figure (not drawn to scale). lfthe radiu
9, 2019 (II)] s ofX-
is 250 pm, theradiusofA+is [A4v,2013]
(a) 2~5
X
•(b) 10;
X
(c) 2~1
X
(d)
X
l
.•
'\, x-Q
8. Which type of 'defect' has the presence of catio ! l~ A+
interstitial sites?
(a) Schottky defect (b) Vacancy defect
ns in the
[2018] UD e .......
(c) Frenkel defect (a) 104pm (c) 183pm (b) 125pm (d)
(d) Metal deficiency defect 57pm
9. Which of the following arrangements shows the 19. A compound M,,Xq has cubic close
schem packing (ccp)
alignment of magnetic moments of antiferrom atic arrangement of X. Its unit cell structure is show
n below.
substance? agnetic The empirical formula ofthe compound is
(Main Online April 15, 2018 (I)] [2012- IJ
(a) G)@(D@@G)
(b) (i)(i)(DG)(DG)
(c) (f)(f)@G)G)@
(d) (i)@G)@(!)(D
(a) MX (b) MX2 (c) M-iX
 __ __ _ c-101
~~ ~S ta _t ~J --- --- ---. __ ___:,__ __ __
.
...;;.--fhe packing effici~ncy ofthe tw~imensional s
zO, , 11 sboWI I below ts :(p:fj) quare urut
[20101
®}_- ~ Q s with_On(' or l\lorP ...c~A .1~- -~
"::ing
ce • 31. The cubic unit cell structure of a compound conta
cation Mand anion Xis shown below . When comp ar ~o
the anion the cation has smaller ionic radius . Choose e
(Adv. 28281
1+1--.i correct st;tement(s).
(a) 39.27% (b) 68.02%. (c~ 74.05% (d) 78.54%
Asut,stance A)Jy crystallizes ma face centred b. (FCC)
zi. lattice in which atoms 'A' occupy each com ercuf1ch o t e cube
'B'
and atoms occup y the centres ofeach fac e of the cube
·fy h t ••
Jdentl t e correc composition of the substance A)J •
•(a) :4B3 ·[200ZS]
(b) A4B3 • ,I

(c) Ai .
(4) Compost~on ~nnot be specified
In a solid 'AB havmg the NaCl structure 'A, at eM Qx .
2
2• the corners of the cubic unit cell. If all ~he ra;:e =~~ (a) The empirical formula ofthe co~p?und ts~ · . n
atoms along one ofthe axes•are removed ' then the resultant (b) The cation M and anion X have different coordmatio
fth I'd [lOOIS] .
stoich•iometry o e so 1 1s geometries.
the cubic unit ce11
(c) A4B3 (d) A B (c) The ratio of M-X bo~d length to
(a) AB2 . (bJ A,JJ 34 . .
Z3. 1be coordmation nukmber of a metal crystallizing in a edge length is 0.866. .
M toaruo n Xis 0.414.
radii of cation
hexagonal c1ose-pac ed structure is [1999-2 Marks] (d) The ratio of the ionic
packe d (ccp)
(a) 12 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 6 32. The CORRECT statement(s) for cubic close
length 4.3. The shortest three dimensional structure is (are) [Adv. 2016}
csBr has bee structure with edge
24. en Cs+ and Br- is : - [1995S] (a) The number of the nearest neighbours of an atom
inter ionic distan ce betwe
(a) 3.72 (b) 1.86 (c) 7.44 (d) 43 • present in the topmost layer is 12
I (b) Theefficiencyofatompacking is 74%
• ®EJ _!nt eger Value 'lype (c) The nwnber of octahedral and tetrahedral voids per
MXwith NaCl structure. Construct atom are 1 and 2, respectively
25. Consider an ionic solid times the radius of
a new structure (Z) whose unit cell is constructed from the (d) The unit cell edge length is
unit cell ofMX following the sequential instructions given the atom · •
below. Neglect the charg e balanc e. [Adv. 2018) 33. If the unit cell of a miner al has cubic close packed (cep)
(i) Remove all the ani?ns (X) except the central one array of oxygen atoms with m fractio of octahedral holes
n
(n) Replace all the face centered cations (M) by anions
(X) occupied byalumin_ium ions and n fraction oftetrah.edral
(w) Remove all the come r cation s (M) • holes occupied bymagnesiwn ions, m and n, respectively,
[Adv. 2015]
(iv) Replace the central anion (X) with cation (M) are
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
number of anions ) 2 '2 (d) 4 'g •
The value of ( nwnberof cat·ions in Z is- -. (a) 2'8 (b) I, 4 (c)
34. The correct statement(s) regarding defects in solids
is (are)
26. Acrystalline solid ofa pure substance has a face-centred [2009S)
cubic structure with a cell edge of4003pm. Ifthe density of (a) Frenkel defect is usually favoured by a very small
the substance in the crystal is 8 g cm- , then the number of
crysta l i_s N 1024 . The value difference in the sizes of cation and anion
atoms present in 256 g ofthe x
[Adv.2017) (b) Frenkel defect is a dislocation defect
ofNis
onal faces that are prese nt in a (c) Trapping of an electron in the lattice leads to the
27. The number of hexag formation off-centre
truncated octah edron is [2011]
(d) Schottky defects have no effect on the physical
®[1 _)]~ rie ~swe r -:=] properties of solids
ed 35. Which of the following statement(s) is (are) correc
t?
28. A metal crystallises into two cubic phase s, face center
unit • [1998 - 2 Marks)
cubic (FCC) and body centre d cubic (BCC ), whose
(a) The coordination number of each type of ion in CsCl
cell lengths are 3.5 and 3.0 A, respectively. Calculate the
[1999 -3 Marks) crystal is 8.
ratio ofdensities ofFCC and BCC. a
crysta llizes with a body centred cubic (b) A metal that crystallizes in bee structure has
29. Chromiwn metal coordination nwnber of12.
lattice. The length of the unit cell edge is found to be 287
late the atomi c radius . What would be the density (c) A unit cell of an ionic crystal shares some of its ions
pm. Calcu
3? [1997 -3 Mark s) with other unit cells.
ofchromium in pjcm
d cubic lattice with (d) The length ofthe unit cell in NaCl is 552 pm. (rNa+- = 95
30. Sodium metal crystallizes in body centre pm; ra-=181 pm).
the cell edge, a = 4.29A. What is the radius of sodium
atcm? (1994 - 2 Marks)

•
 c-102- -- ---
- --7 ®] 10- li!'J
,~b'~"'.J>roblflJJJi. . - - :-:---
- f ;ilCell ofa metal having llloJ
'
,J
----:.~ :--=
@)J H r{\1Dprl'h('l)Slon !~ ~Qo~O O.!.---- " 40•
The edge Jength·o5Au which ~tallizes in cubic latt~Cular
,.Jmol 1s
weight 75. fl. yjcc then find the rad'ms of meta) ice a •1f
pA§AGE tly encountered 2
In hexagonal systems of c~tals, a frhequegnonal prism. Here, the density ts Givetheanswerinpm.. 12006- 1%
(NA== 6x 1()23). ubic (fee) crystal lattice, edge_ Ieng~
arrangement ofatoms •is descnbed as a Iexahexagons and th.ree
the top and bottom of the cell are regu ar .filling model of In face ce~tred c . eter ofgreatest sphere which can IS
atoms are sandwiched in between tbem. ~:::ked (HCP), is 41. 400 pm. F1~d the ~'.3f
fit into the interstiua
void with'out distortion oflattice be
this structure, called hexagonal clo p ded in the same (2005 - 2Mar~
constituted of asphere on a flat surface surroun 'bl Three
plane by six identical spheres as closely as ~~1th:~ touch 42.
spheres are then placed over the fir st layer so ha f these
A~ompoun; ~! ~; ock salt type structure. The fonnuJ I
rf amu, and the closest A- Bd_istan~
weight ofA ts • . arbitrarY number. [2004 • 2Mar~!
each other and represent the second layer. Eac one ~- Uy, • ytl3 run, \\here Y1s an .
three spheres touches three spheres ofthe bottom layer. ~al ' 1s •cy oflatt1ce
(a) Find the dens, . • found to be 20 kg m-3 th •
the second layer is covered with third layer that is identica to (b) Ifthe density oflatt1ce is , en
the bottom layer in relative position. Assume radius of every th type of defect. Th
predict bl f diameter 10 lll1D, ey are to be
sphere to be 'r'. 43. You are given m~ .es ontres are lying in a square bound
Answer the follol\iog questions•
36. The number of atoms in ·the HCP unit cell is placed su~h that t et~~~gth 40 mm. What will be the
(2008]
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 12
by four Imes each O • lanesothatmaxirm.unnum~
(d) 17
37. The volume ofthis hep unit cell is- (2008] arrangements ofmarb::~Se the area? Sketch the diagl'am
ofmarbles can bepl~ the number of molecules per
(a) (b) an~ derive expression for f2003 . 2Marks)
umt area. . below show the location of atoms in
(c) (d) ~r3 44• The figuresIIgiven h' planes
3v3 in an FCC Iatt·ice. Drawthe
three crysta ograp ic di tructure and identify these

gg~wm
38, The empty space in this hep unit cell is [2008] unit cell for the ~rrespon ng s
(a) 74%
[2000. 3 Marks) .
(b) 47.6%
(c) 32% (d) 26%
@]=9 ~[ Aslertioo-;;;fTlfflino 'l)Jl(' Qn<'SO-·-oo_s_____,
Read the following statement (~oo) and explanation (Reasoo)
and answer each questioo as per the options given below :
(a) Ifboth assertion and reason are correct, and reason is the 45. Ametallic element crystallises into a !attic~ containing a
correct explanation ofthe assertion. sequence oflayers ofABABAB..... Anypacking ofspheres
(b) Ifboth assertion and reason are correct, but reason is not leaves out voids in the lattice. What percentage byvolwne
the correct explanation ofthe assertion. ofthis lattice is empty space? [1996-3 Marks)
(c) If assertion is correct but reason is incorrect. 46. The density of mercury is 13.6 g/mL. Calculate
(d) Ifassertion is incorrect but reason is correct. approximately the diameter ofan atom ofmercwy assuming
39. Assertion: In any ionic solid [Mf] with Schottky defects, that each atom is occupying a cube of edge length equal
the number ofpositive and negative ions are same. to the diameter ofthe mercury atom. [1983 -3 Marks)
Reason : Equal number ofcation and anion vacancies are
present.
. [2001S]

Answer Key
Topic-1 : Periodic Classification
1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (c) 6. (b) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (143)
10. A-p, s; B-p,q; C-q; D-q, r.

Topic-2 : Periodic Properties

1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (d) (c)
8. 9. (d) 10. (d)
11. (c) 12. (b) 13. (d) 14. (d) 1S. (d) 16. (c) 17. (b) 18. (a) 19. (b) 20. (d)
21. (a) 22. (d) 23. (a) 24. (a) 25. (3) 26. (2) 27. (8) 28. (1259) 29. (12417)
30. (1.86) 31. (a,c) 32. (b,c, d) 33. (a) 34. (b, cY 35. (a,c,d) 36. (b) 37. (a). 38. (d) 39. (a)

•
/fl.J,.c