CHAPTER

Classification of
3 Elements and Periodicity
in Properties
3.4 Nomenclature of Elements with Atomic 6. The electronic configuration of four elements are
given below. Which elements does not belong to the
Numbers > 100 same family as others?
1. Identify the incorrect match. (a) [Xe]4f 145d104s2 (b) [Kr]4d105s2
Name IUPAC Official Name (c) [Ne]3s23p5 (d) [Ar]3d104s2 (1989)
(A) Unnilunium (i) Mendelevium
(B) Unniltrium (ii) Lawrencium 3.7 Periodic Trends in Properties of Elements
(C) Unnilhexium (iii) Seaborgium 7. For the second period elements the correct increasing
(D) Unununnium (iv) Darmstadtium order of first ionization enthalpy is
(a) (A), (i) (b) (B), (ii) (a) Li < Be < B < C < O < N < F < Ne
(c) (C), (iii) (d) (D), (iv) (b) Li < Be < B < C < N < O < F < Ne
(NEET 2020) (c) Li < B < Be < C < O < N < F < Ne
(d) Li < B < Be < C < N < O < F < Ne (NEET 2019)
3.5 Electronic Configurations of Elements
8. Match the oxide given in column I with its property
and The Periodic Table given in column II.
2. The element Z = 114 has been discovered recently. It Column I Column II
will belong to which of the following family/group (i) Na2O A. Neutral
and electronic configuration? (ii) Al2O3 B. Basic
(a) Carbon family, [Rn] 5f 14 6d10 7s2 7p2 (iii) N2O C. Acidic
(b) Oxygen family, [Rn] 5f 14 6d10 7s2 7p4 (iv) Cl2O7 D. Amphoteric
(c) Nitrogen family, [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p6 Which of the following options has all correct pairs?
(d) Halogen family, [Rn] 5f 14 6d10 7s2 7p5 (a) (i)-B, (ii)-A, (iii)-D, (iv)-C
(NEET 2017) (b) (i)-C, (ii)-B, (iii)-A, (iv)-D
3. An atom has electronic configuration (c) (i)-A, (ii)-D, (iii)-B, (iv)-C
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d3 4s2, you will place it in (d) (i)-B, (ii)-D, (iii)-A, (iv)-C (Odisha NEET 2019)
(a) fifth group (b) fifteenth group 9. Which of the following oxides is most acidic in nature?
(c) second group (d) third group. (2002) (a) MgO (b) BeO
4. The electronic configuration of an element is (c) BaO (d) CaO (NEET 2018)
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3. What is the atomic number of the 10. In which of the following options the order of
element, which is just below the above element in arrangement does not agree with the variation of
the periodic table? property indicated against it?
(a) 36 (b) 49 (a) I < Br < Cl < F (increasing electron gain
(c) 33 (d) 34 (1995) enthalpy)
5. If the atomic number of an element is 33, it will be (b) Li < Na < K < Rb (increasing metallic radius)
placed in the periodic table in the (c) Al3+ < Mg2+ < Na+ < F– (increasing ionic size)
(a) first group (b) third group (d) B < C < N < O (increasing first ionisation
(c) fifth group (d) seventh group. (1993) enthalpy) (NEET-I 2016)
Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties 17

11. The formation of the oxide ion, O 2–

(g) from oxygen 16. What is the value of electron gain enthalpy of Na+ if
atom requires first an exothermic and then an IE1 of Na = 5.1 eV?
endothermic step as shown below : (a) –5.1 eV (b) –10.2 eV
O( g )  e   O(g );  f H  141 kJ mol 1 (c) +2.55 eV (d) +10.2 eV(Mains 2011)
 17. Which of the following oxides is amphoteric?
O( g) e   O2( g ;)  f H  780 kJ mol 1 (a) SnO2 (b) CaO
Thus, process of formation of O2– in gas phase is
unfavourable even though O2– is isoelectronic with
(c) SiO2 (d) CO2 (Mains 2011)
neon. It is due to the fact that, 18. The correct order of the decreasing ionic radii
(a) O– ion has comparatively smaller size than among the following isoelectronic species is
oxygen atom (a) Ca2+ > K+ > S2– > Cl–
(b) oxygen is more electronegative (b) Cl– > S2– > Ca2+ > K+
(c) addition of electron in oxygen results in larger (c) S2– > Cl– > K+ > Ca2+
size of the ion (d) K+ > Ca2+ > Cl– > S2– (2010)
(d) electron repulsion outweighs the stability gained 19. Which of the following represents the correct order
by achieving noble gas configuration. (2015) of increasing electron gain enthalpy with negative
sign for the elements O, S, F and Cl?
12. Which of the following orders of ionic radii is
(a) Cl < F < O < S (b) O < S < F < Cl
correctly represented?
(c) F < S < O < Cl (d) S < O < Cl < F
(a) H– > H+ > H (b) Na+ > F– > O2–
(2010, 2005)
(c) F– > O2– > Na+ (d) Al3+ > Mg2+ > N3–
(2014) 20. Among the elements Ca, Mg, P and Cl, the order of
increasing atomic radii is
13. Which one of the following arrangements represents (a) Mg < Ca < Cl < P (b) Cl < P < Mg < Ca
the correct order of least negative to most negative
(c) P < Cl < Ca < Mg (d) Ca < Mg < P < Cl
electron gain enthalpy for C, Ca, Al, F and O?
(Mains 2010)
(a) Al < Ca < O < C < F
(b) Al < O < C < Ca < F 21. Among the following which one has the highest
(c) C < F < O < Al < Ca cation to anion size ratio?
(d) Ca < Al < C < O < F (Karnataka NEET 2013) (a) CsI (b) CsF
(c) LiF (d) NaF (Mains 2010)
14. In which of the following arrangements the given
sequence is not strictly according to the property 22. Amongst the elements with following electronic
indicated against it? configurations, which one of them may have the
highest ionisation energy?
(a) HF < HCl < HBr < HI : increasing acidic strength
(b) H O < H S < H Se < H Te : increasing pK values (a) Ne [3s2 3p2] (b) Ar [3d10 4s2 4p3]
2 2 2 2 a (c) Ne [3s2 3p1] (d) Ne [3s2 3p3] (2009)
(c) NH3 < PH3 < AsH3 < SbH3 : increasing acidic
character 23. Identify the correct order of the size of the following.
(d) CO2 < SiO2 < SnO 2 < PbO2 : increasing oxidising (a) Ca2+ < K+ < Ar < Cl– < S2–
power (Mains 2012) (b) Ar < Ca2+ < K+ < Cl– < S2–
15. Identify the wrong statement in the following. (c) Ca2+ < Ar < K+ < Cl– < S2–
(a) Amongst isoelectronic species, smaller the
positive charge on the cation, smaller is the (d) Ca2+ < K+ < Ar < S2– < Cl– (2007)
ionic radius. 24. With which of the following electronic configuration
(b) Amongst isoelectronic species, greater the an atom has the lowest ionisation enthalpy?
negative charge on the anion, larger is the ionic (a) 1s2 2s2 2p3 (b) 1s2 2s2 2p5 3s1
radius. (c) 1s2 2s2 2p6 (d) 1s2 2s2 2p5 (2007)
(c) Atomic radius of the elements increases as one
moves down the first group of the periodic table. 25. Which one of the following ionic species has the
(d) Atomic radius of the elements decreases as one greatest proton affinity to form stable compound?
moves across from left to right in the 2nd period (a) NH 2– (b) F–
–
of the periodic table. (2012) (c) I (d) HS– (2007)
18
26. Which of the following is the most basic oxide? 34. Which one of the following is correct order of the
(a) SeO2 (b) Al2O3 size of iodine species?
(c) Sb2O3 (d) Bi2O3 (2006) (a) I+ > I– > I (b) I– > I > I+
–
(c) I > I > I +
(d) I > I+ > I– (1997)
27. What is the correct relationship between the pH of
isomolar solutions of sodium oxide, Na2O (pH1), 35. Which of the following ions is the largest in size?
(a) K+ (b) Ca2+
sodium sulphide, Na S2 (pH ),2 sodium selenide, (c) Cl– (d) S2– (1996)
Na2Se (pH3) and sodium telluride Na2Te (pH4)?
36. Which of the following has the smallest size?
(a) pH1 > pH2 > pH3 > pH4
(a) Al3+ (b) F–
(b) pH1 > pH2  pH3 > pH4 (c) Na +
(d) Mg2+ (1996)
(c) pH1 < pH2 < pH3 < pH4
37. Among the following oxides, the one which is most
(d) pH1 < pH2 < pH3  pH4 (2005) basic is
28. Ionic radii are (a) ZnO (b) MgO
(a) inversely proportional to effective nuclear charge (c) Al2O3 (d) N2O5 (1994)
(b) inversely proportional to square of effective 38. Which of the following has largest size?
nuclear charge (a) Na (b) Na+
(c) directly proportional to effective nuclear charge (c) Na –
(d) Can’t be predicted.
(d) directly proportional to square of effective (1993)
nuclear charge. (2004) 39. Na+, Mg2+, Al3+ and Si4+ are isoelectronic. The order
29. The ions O2–, F–, Na+, Mg2+ and Al3+ are isoelectronic. of their ionic size is
Their ionic radii show (a) Na+ > Mg2+ < Al3+ < Si4+
(a) a significant increase from O2– to Al3+ (b) Na+ < Mg2+ > Al3+ > Si4+
(b) a significant decrease from O2– to Al3+ (c) Na+ > Mg2+ > Al3+ > Si4+
(c) an increase from O2– to F– and then decrease (d) Na+ < Mg2+ > Al3+ < Si4+ (1993)
from Na+ to Al3+ 40. In the periodic table from left to right in a period,
(d) a decrease from O2– to F– and then increase the atomic volume
from Na+ to Al3+. (2003) (a) decreases
(b) increases
30. Which of the following order is wrong? (c) remains same
(a) NH3 < PH3 < AsH3 – acidic
(d) first decreases then increases. (1993)
(b) Li < Be < B < C – 1st IP
41. Which electronic configuration of an element has
(c) Al2O3 < MgO < Na2O < K2O – basic
abnormally high difference between second and
(d) Li+ < Na+ < K+ < Cs+ – ionic radius. (2002) third ionization energy?
31. Correct order of 1st ionisation potential among (a) 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s1
following elements Be, B, C, N, O is (b) 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s1, 3p1
(a) B < Be < C < O < N (c) 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p2
(b) B < Be < C < N < O (d) 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2 (1993)
(c) Be < B < C < N < O
42. One of the characteristic properties of non-metals is
(d) Be < B < C < O < N (2001)
that they
32. Which of the following elements has the maximum (a) are reducing agents
electron affinity? (b) form basic oxides
(a) I (b) Br (c) form cations by electron gain
(c) Cl (d) F (1999) (d) are electronegative. (1993)
33. The first ionization potentials (eV) of Be and B 43. Which one of the following has minimum value of
respectively are cation/anion ratio?
(a) 8.29, 8.29 (b) 9.32, 9.32 (a) NaCl (b) KCl
(c) 8.29, 9.32 (d) 9.32, 8.29 (1998) (c) MgCl2 (d) CaF2 (1993)
Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties 19

44. Which of the following sets has strongest tendency 46. In the periodic table, with the increase in atomic
to form anions? number, the metallic character of an element
(a) Ga, Ni, Tl (a) decreases in a period and increases in a group
(b) Na, Mg, Al (b) increases in a period and decreases in a group
(c) N, O, F (c) increases both in a period and the group
(d) V, Cr, Mn (1993) (d) decreases in a period and the group. (1989)
45. Elements of which of the following groups will form 47. Which of the following atoms will have the smallest
anions most readily? size?
(a) Oxygen family (b) Nitrogen family (a) Mg (b) Na
(c) Halogens (d) Alkali metals (1992) (c) Be (d) Li (1989)

ANSWER KEY
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (c) 6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (d) 9. (b) 10. (a,d)
11. (d) 12. (None) 13. (d) 14. (b) 15. (a) 16. (a) 17. (a) 18. (c) 19. (b)
20. (b) 21. (b) 22. (d) 23. (a) 24. (b) 25. (a) 26. (d) 27. (a) 28. (a) 29. (b)
30. (b) 31. (a) 32. (c) 33. (d) 34. (b) 35. (d) 36. (a) 37. (b) 38. (c) 39. (c)
40. (d) 41. (d) 42. (d) 43. (c) 44. (c) 45. (c) 46. (a) 47. (c)

Hints & Explanations

1. (d) : Unnilunium – Mendelevium  (a)-(i) and decrease in atomic radii. However, abnormal values
Unniltrium – Lawrencium  (b)-(ii) are observed for Be, N and Ne due to extra stability of
Unnilhexium – Seaborgium  (c)-(iii) half filled and fully filled orbitals. Thus, the actual order
Unununnium – Roentgenium  (d) (iv) is, Li < B < Be < C < O < N < F < Ne.
2. (a) : The electronic configuration of the element 8. (d) : Na2O - Basic oxide, Al2O3 - Amphoteric oxide,
with Z = 114 (Flerovium) is [Rn]5f14 6d107s27p2. N2O - Neutral oxide, Cl2O7 - Acidic oxide.
Hence, it belongs to carbon family which has the same
9. (b) : In metals, on moving down the group, metallic
outer electronic configuration.
character increases, so basic nature increases hence most
3. (a) : The electronic configuration of an atom: acidic will be BeO.
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d3 4s2
10. (a, d) : The correct order of increasing negative
In the configuration, the last electron of the atom is
electron gain enthalpy is : I < Br < F < Cl due to
filled in d-subshell as 3d3. Thus, this element belongs to
electron-electron repulsion in small sized F atom and
d-block of the periodic table with group no. VB or 5.
the correct order of increasing first ionisation enthalpy is
4. (c) : Atomic number of the given element is 15 and
B < C < O < N due to extra stability of half-filled orbitals
it belongs to group 15. Therefore atomic number of the
in N-atom.
element below the above element = 15 + 18 = 33.
11. (d)
5. (c) : Electronic configuration of an element with
Z = 33 is 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p3. 12. (None) : Cations lose electrons and are smaller in
Hence, it lies in VA or 15th group. size than the parent atom, whereas anions add electrons
6. (c) : Elements (a), (b) and (d) belong to the same and are larger in size than the parent atom. Hence, the order
group since each one of them has two electrons in valence is H– > H > H+.
shell. In contrast, element (c) has seven electrons in the For isoelectronic species, the ionic radii decreases with
valence shell, and hence it lies in other group. increase in atomic number i.e., nuclear charge. Hence,
7. (c) : As we move across a period, ionisation the correct orders are
enthalpy increases, because of increased nuclear charge O2– > F– > Na+ and N3– > Mg2+ > Al3+.
20
13. (d) Electron gain enthalpy becomes less negative smallest size. Among the given species, Cs+ has maximum
from top to bottom in a group while it becomes more size among given cations and F– has smallest size among
negative from left to right within a period. given anions, thus CsF has highest rc/ra ratio.
14. (b) : Acidic strength of hydrides increase with 22. (d) : Among options (a), (c) and (d), option (d) has
increase in molecular mass. the highest ionisation energy because of extra stability
Thus, order of acidic strength is associated with half-filled 3p-orbital. In option (b), the
HF < HCl < HBr < HI presence of 3d10 electrons offers shielding effect, as a result
H2O < H2S < H2Se < H2Te the 4p3 electrons do not experience much nuclear charge
NH3 < PH3 < AsH3 < SbH3 and hence, the electrons can be removed easily.
and as acidic strength increases, pKa decreases. Thus 23. (a) : Among isoelectronic ions, ionic radii of anions
order of pKa is more than that of cations. Further size of the anion
H2O > H2S > H2Se > H2Te increases with increase in negative charge and size of the
cation decreases with increase in positive charge.
15. (a) : As positive charge on the cation increases,
effective nuclear charge increases. Thus, atomic size 24. (b) : The larger the atomic size, smaller is the value
decreases. of the ionisation enthalpy. Again higher the screening
effect, lesser is the value of ionisation potential. Hence,
16. (a) : Na  Na+ + e–; H = 5.1 eV
option (b) has lowest ionisation enthalpy.
Na+ + e–  Na ; H = –5.1 eV
25. (a) : In going from left to right across a period in the
17. (a) : SnO2 reacts with acid as well as base. So, SnO2
periodic table, the basicity (i.e., proton affinity) decreases
is an amphoteric oxide.
as the electronegativity of the atom possessing the lone
SnO2 + 4HCl  SnCl2 + 2H2O
SnO2 + 2NaOH  Na2SnO3 + H2O pair of electrons
– increases. Hence, basicity of NH–2 is
higher than F . On moving down a group, as the atomic
CaO is basic in nature while SiO2 and CO2 are acidic in size increases, basicity decreases. Hence, F– is more basic
nature. than I– and HO– is more basic than HS–. Hence, among
18. (c) : S2– > Cl– > K+ > Ca2+ the given ionic species, NH 2 – has maximum proton
Among isoelectronic species, ionic radii increases affinity.
with increase in negative charge. This happens because 26. (d) : SeO2  acidic oxide,
effective nuclear charge (Zeff) decreases. Al2O3, Sb2O3  amphoteric,
Similarly, ionic radii decreases with increase in positive Bi2O3  basic oxide.
charge as Zeff increases.
27. (a) : Na2O Basic character
19. (b) : Cl atom has the highest electron affinity in the
Na2S decreases down the group
periodic table. F being a member of group 17 has higher
Na2Se
electron gain enthalpy than S which belongs to group 16.
This in turn is higher than the electron affinity of O atom. Na2Te
Thus, Cl > F > S > O pH  basic character
It is worth noting that the electron gain enthalpy of Hence, pH 1 > pH2 > pH3 > pH4
oxygen and fluorine, the members of the second period, 28. (a)
have less negative values of electron gain enthalpy than 29. (b) : Amongst isoelectronic ions, ionic radii of
the corresponding elements sulphur and chlorine of the anions is more than that of cations. Further size of the
third period. anion increases with increase in –ve charge and size of
This is due to small size of the atoms of oxygen and cation decreases with increase in +ve charge. Hence,
fluorine. As a result, there is a strong inter-electronic correct order is O2– > F– > Na+ > Mg2+ > Al3+.
repulsion when extra electron is added to these atoms,
30. (b) : Li, Be, B, C - these elements belong to the same
i.e., electron density is high and the addition of an extra period. Generally the value of 1st ionisation potential
electron is not easy. increases on moving from left to right in a period, since
20. (b) : The atomic radii decrease on moving from left the nuclear charge of the elements also increase in the
to right in a period, thus order of sizes for Cl, P and Mg same direction. But the ionisation potential of boron
is Cl < P < Mg. Down the group size increases. Thus, (B  2s2 2p1) is lower than that of beryllium (Be  2s2),
overall order is Cl < P < Mg < Ca. since in case of boron, 2p1 electron has to be removed
21. (b) : The cation to anion size ratio will be maximum to get B+ while in case of Be (2s2), s-electron has to be
when the cation is of largest size and the anion is of removed to get Be+ (2s1). p-electron can be removed
Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties 21

more easily than s-electron so the energy required to 37. (b) : Al2O3 and ZnO are amphoteric. N2O5 is
remove electron will be less in case of boron. The order strongly acidic. MgO is the most basic.
will be 38. (c) : The cations are always smaller than the neutral
Li < B < Be < C. atom and anions are always larger in size, Na– > Na > Na+.
31. (a) : The energy required to remove the most 39. (c) : In isoelectronic ions, the size of the cation
loosely bound electron from an isolated gaseous atom is decreases as the magnitude of the positive charge
called the ionisation energy. increases.
The ionisation potential increases as the size of the atom
40. (d) : Within a period from left to right, atomic
decreases. Atoms with fully or partly filled orbitals have
volume first decreases and then increases.
high ionisation potential.
41. (d) : Abnormally high difference between 2nd and
32. (c) : Among the halogens the electron affinity value
3rd ionisation energy means that the element has two
of ‘F’ should be maximum. But due to small size there is
valence electrons, which is a case in configuration (d).
inter-electronic repulsion thus, there is difficulty in entry
of new electrons. Thus, the E.A. value is slightly lower 42. (d)
than chlorine and the order is I < Br < F < Cl. 43. (c) : The order of ionic size for given ions will be
33. (d) : 4Be  1s2 2s2, 5B  1s2 2s2 2p1 K+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ and that of Cl– > F–. Therefore, MgCl2
Due to stable fully-filled ‘s’-orbital arrangement of has minimum value of cation/anion (Mg2+/Cl–) ratio.
electrons in ‘Be’ atom, more energy is required to 44. (c) : N, O and F are highly electronegative non-
remove an electron from the valence shell than ‘B’-atom. metals and will have the strongest tendency to form
Therefore ‘Be’ has higher ionisation potential than ‘B’. anions by gaining electrons from metal atoms.
34. (b) : Positive ion is always smaller and negative ion 45. (c) : As halogens have seven electrons (ns2np5) in
is always larger than the parent atom. the valence shell, they have a strong tendency to acquire
35. (d) : Since all of these ions contain 18 electrons the nearest inert gas configuration by gaining an electron
each, so these are isoelectronic. For isoelectronic ions, from the metallic atom and form halide ions easily.
the anion having large negative charge is the largest in 46. (a) : Metallic character decreases in a period and
size i.e., S2–. increases in a group.
36. (a) : These are isoelectronic ions (ions with same 47. (c) : The atomic size decreases within a period from
number of electrons) and for isoelectronic ions, greater left to right, therefore Li > Be and Na > Mg. The size
the positive charge, greater is the force of attraction on increases in a group from top to bottom. Hence, the size
the electrons by the nucleus and the smaller is the size of of Na is greater than Li. Overall order Na > Mg > Li > Be.
the ion. Thus, Al3+ has the smallest size. Thus, Be has smallest size.

