UNIT-1

1. Unit Testing: 9. Compatibility Testing:

1. Explain about Software Development Life Cycle.  Purpose: Checking if small parts (like individual functions) of the  Purpose: Making sure the software works on various devices and
software work correctly. browsers.
 Example: Making sure a specific function, like adding numbers, works as  Example: Confirming that a website looks good and functions well on
The Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a systematic and structured process followed by software developers expected. different web browsers.
to design, develop, test, and deploy high-quality software. It encompasses a series of phases that guide the
development team through the entire software development process, from conception to maintenance. The primary
2. Integration Testing: 10. Localization and Internationalization Testing:
objective of SDLC is to produce software that meets or exceeds customer expectations while staying within the  Purpose: Testing how different parts of the software work together.  Purpose: Adapting the software for different languages and regions.
project's constraints such as time, budget, and resources.
 Example: Checking if the login module and user database interact  Example: Testing if a software application works properly when

The typical phases of the Software Development Life Cycle include: without issues. translated into different languages.
3. System Testing:
1. Requirements Gathering and Analysis:
 Purpose: Testing the whole software to ensure it meets all These levels help ensure that a software product is reliable, user-friendly, and
 Identify and gather detailed requirements from stakeholders.
 Analyze and document these requirements to understand the project scope and objectives. requirements. performs well in various situations before it's released to users.
 Example: Making sure an entire e-commerce website functions correctly
2. Planning: 1. 3. Write about different software test types.
 Create a detailed project plan outlining tasks, timelines, resource allocation, and budget.
 Identify potential risks and develop strategies to mitigate them. from browsing to checkout.
3. Design: 4. Acceptance Testing: Software testing involves various test types, each designed to address specific
 Create a high-level and low-level design based on the gathered requirements.
 Define the system architecture, database structure, and user interfaces.  Purpose: Confirming that the software is good enough for the end- aspects of the software's functionality, performance, and quality. Here are
4. Implementation (Coding): users. some common software test types:
 Write code according to the design specifications.
 Develop and integrate individual components and modules.  Example: Checking if a mobile app behaves as expected when used by
5. Testing: customers. 1. Functional Testing:
 Conduct various types of testing, including unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance
testing.
5. Regression Testing:  Purpose: Verifies that the software functions as intended and meets
 Identify and fix bugs and issues during the testing phase.  Purpose: Ensuring that new changes don't break existing features. specified requirements.
6. Deployment:
 Example: Verifying that fixing a bug doesn't introduce new issues in  Examples: Unit testing, integration testing, system testing, acceptance
 Deploy the software to the target environment, whether it's on-premises servers or the cloud.
 Ensure a smooth transition from development to production. other parts of the software. testing.
7. Maintenance and Support:
6. Performance Testing: 2. Non-Functional Testing:
 Provide ongoing support for the deployed software.
 Address and fix any issues that arise during the post-deployment phase.  Purpose: Checking if the software is fast and stable under different  Purpose: Evaluates non-functional aspects like performance, usability,
 Make necessary updates and improvements as required. conditions. and security.
 Example: Testing how a website handles a large number of users  Examples: Performance testing, usability testing, security testing.
Throughout these phases, various methodologies can be applied, such as Waterfall, Agile, or DevOps, depending on
the project's nature and requirements. Each phase contributes to the overall success of the software project, ensuring simultaneously. 3. Manual Testing:
that it meets user expectations, functions correctly, and can be maintained effectively over time.
2. Write about different software test levels.
7. Security Testing:  Purpose: Testers manually execute test cases without using any
 Purpose: Finding and fixing potential security risks. automation tools.
 Example: Making sure that only authorized users can access sensitive  Examples: Exploratory testing, ad-hoc testing, user acceptance testing.
Software testing is a crucial phase in the software development life cycle (SDLC) that ensures the quality and reliability information. 4. Automated Testing:
of the software product. Different test levels are conducted to address specific aspects of the software, each focusing
on different objectives. Here are the common software test levels: 8. Usability Testing:  Purpose: Uses automation tools to execute test cases, improving
 Purpose: Checking if the software is easy and pleasant to use. efficiency and repeatability.
Certainly! Let's break down software test levels in simpler terms:  Example: Getting feedback on how user-friendly an app's interface is.

 Examples: Selenium for web applications, JUnit for Java, pytest for  Examples: Browser compatibility testing, mobile device testing.
print("This code always runs, whether there was an error or not.")

Python. 14. User Acceptance Testing (UAT): # Example usage

divide_numbers()
5. Black Box Testing:  Purpose: Involves end-users testing the software to ensure it meets
 Purpose: Tests the software without knowledge of its internal code or their requirements.
logic.  Examples: Alpha testing, beta testing.
2.Explain how to inspect web elements.
 Examples: Acceptance testing, system testing, functional testing. 15. Ad-Hoc Testing:
6. White Box Testing:  Purpose: Unstructured testing where testers spontaneously explore the Inspecting web elements is a crucial step in web development and testing, especially when working with tools like Selenium for automated
 Purpose: Examines the internal code, structure, and logic of the software without predefined test cases. testing. The process involves using browser developer tools to examine and understand the structure, attributes, and properties of the
elements on a web page. Here's a general guide on how to inspect web elements:
software.  Example: Exploring a new feature to find unexpected issues.
 Examples: Unit testing, code coverage testing. Using Browser Developer Tools (Google Chrome Example):

7. Smoke Testing: These test types work together to ensure comprehensive testing coverage 1. Right-Click on the Element:

 Purpose: Quick tests to ensure basic functionality works before more in- throughout the software development life cycle, addressing various  Open the web page you want to inspect in the Google Chrome browser.

depth testing. dimensions of software quality. 2.

 Right-click on the element you want to inspect. This could be a button, input field, link, etc.
Select "Inspect" or "Inspect Element":

 Example: Verifying that an application launches successfully. 1.What is Exception Handling? Explain in detail.  From the context menu, select "Inspect" or "Inspect Element." This opens the browser's developer tools and highlights the
corresponding HTML code in the "Elements" tab.
8. Sanity Testing: 3. Examine the HTML Structure:
Exception handling is like having a backup plan for your computer program. When your program is running and  In the "Elements" tab of the developer tools, you can see the HTML structure of the page. The HTML code is organized in a
 Purpose: Checks specific functionalities after changes to ensure they something unexpected goes wrong, instead of crashing and showing an error, you can use exception handling to hierarchical manner, representing the structure of the web page.

still work. catch the problem and do something else or give a helpful message. It helps your program deal with unexpected
4. Review Element Attributes:
 Within the highlighted HTML code, review the element's attributes. Common attributes include id, class, name, type, value, etc.
situations without breaking.
 Example: Testing a bug fix to ensure the reported issue is resolved. These attributes are essential for identifying and interacting with the element in automated tests.
5. Check CSS Styles:
9. Regression Testing: Here's a quick breakdown:  Navigate to the "Styles" tab to inspect the CSS styles applied to the selected element. This information is valuable for
 Purpose: Ensures that new changes do not negatively impact existing
understanding the visual presentation of the element.
6. Access Console and Network Tabs (Optional):
 Try Block: This is where you put the part of your code that might cause trouble.
functionalities.  Except Block: If something goes wrong in the try block, the except block is where you specify what to do about it.
 The "Console" tab can provide additional information and errors related to JavaScript interactions on the page.

 Example: Running previous test cases after a new feature is added.

 The "Network" tab helps monitor network requests made by the page, providing insights into AJAX requests, data retrieval, and
 Finally Block: This is optional and lets you put code that always runs, no matter what happened in the try block. more.

10. Performance Testing: 7. Hover over Elements in "Elements" Tab (Optional):

Imagine it like having a safety net for your code so that if something unexpected happens, your program doesn't just  Hovering over elements in the "Elements" tab will highlight them on the actual web page. This visual feedback helps correlate
 Purpose: Evaluates the software's responsiveness, speed, and scalability. crash; it handles the issue gracefully. HTML code with on-screen elements.

 Examples: Load testing, stress testing, scalability testing.

def divide_numbers():
try: Using Browser Shortcuts (Google Chrome Example):
11. Usability Testing: numerator = int(input("Enter the numerator: "))
denominator = int(input("Enter the denominator: "))
 Purpose: Assesses the software's user-friendliness and overall user
1. Open Developer Tools:
 Press Ctrl + Shift + I (Windows/Linux) or Cmd + Opt + I (Mac) to open the developer tools.
experience.
result = numerator / denominator
2. Toggle Device Toolbar (Optional):

 Examples: User surveys, usability testing sessions. print(f"The result of the division is: {result}")  Press Ctrl + Shift + M (Windows/Linux) or Cmd + Opt + M (Mac) to toggle the device toolbar. This allows you to inspect
elements as they appear on different devices.
12. Security Testing: except ZeroDivisionError: 3. Hover and Inspect:
print("Error: You cannot divide by zero. Please enter a non-zero denominator.")  Hover over elements on the web page, and the corresponding HTML code will be highlighted in the "Elements" tab.
 Purpose: Identifies vulnerabilities and ensures the software is secure. 4. Interact with Elements:

 Examples: Penetration testing, vulnerability scanning.

except ValueError:  You can right-click on an element in the "Elements" tab and use options like "Edit as HTML" to modify the HTML code temporarily
print("Error: Please enter valid integers for both numerator and denominator.") for testing purposes.
13. Compatibility Testing: except Exception as e:
 Purpose: Verifies that the software works on different devices, browsers,
Inspecting web elements is a fundamental skill for web developers and testers, aiding in understanding page structure, designing automated
print(f"An unexpected error occurred: {e}")
test scripts, and troubleshooting issues related to web page interactions.
and operating systems. finally: 3. Explain the Selenium WebDriver API commands
1. Open a Web Page: 4. Performing Actions:
 Users can record interactions with a web application and modify the
 Open a new Chrome browser window.  send_keys() is used to enter text into an input field.
 Navigate to a specific URL. pythonCopy code recorded script as needed.
javaCopy code element.send_keys("JohnDoe")
5. Distributed Testing:
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get("https://www.example.com");  click() is used to click on an element.
2. Find and Interact with Elements: pythonCopy code  You can distribute tests across multiple machines to simulate a larger
 Locate an input field by its ID. login_button = driver.find_element(By.ID, "loginBtn") login_button.click()
user load.
 Type text into the input field. 5. Handling Dropdowns:
javaCopy code  Select class is used to interact with dropdowns. 6. Parameterization:
 Testers can simulate different user inputs by parameterizing test plans.
WebElement usernameInput = driver.findElement(By.id("username")); usernameInput.sendKeys("user123"); pythonCopy code
3. Click on a Button: from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select dropdown = Select(driver.find_element(By.ID,
 Find a button by its class name. "countryDropdown")) dropdown.select_by_visible_text("United States") 7. Assertions for Validation:
6. Waiting for Elements:
 Click on the button.  JMeter includes assertions to validate server responses, ensuring the
javaCopy code  WebDriverWait is used for explicit waits.
WebElement loginButton = driver.findElement(By.className("login-btn")); loginButton.click(); pythonCopy code application behaves as expected.
8. Performance Monitoring:
4. Navigate Back and Forward: from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support import
 Go back to the previous page. expected_conditions as EC element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until( EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,
 Go forward to the next page. "someElement")) )  Real-time performance monitoring helps identify and analyze
7. Handling Alerts:
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driver.navigate().back(); driver.navigate().forward();  switch_to.alert is used to handle alerts. performance bottlenecks.
5. Handle Alerts: pythonCopy code 9. Comprehensive Reporting:
alert = driver.switch_to.alert alert.accept() # To accept the alert
 Generate customizable reports to analyze test results and performance
 Switch to an alert pop-up.
 Accept or dismiss the alert. 8. Closing the Browser:
javaCopy code  quit() is used to close the browser. metrics.
pythonCopy code
6.
Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); alert.accept(); // or alert.dismiss();
Capture Screenshots: driver.quit() 10. Integration with Plugins:
 Take a screenshot of the current page. UNIT-3  JMeter supports external plugins for additional features and protocol
javaCopy code
File screenshotFile = ((TakesScreenshot) driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
support.
1. What is JMeter? Write the Features of JMeter.
7. Wait for Elements: 11. Scripting and Coding:
 Set an implicit wait to wait for elements. Apache JMeter is an open-source performance testing tool developed by the Apache Software Foundation. It is  While a GUI is available, advanced users can use scripting and coding for
 Use explicit waits for specific conditions. designed to test the functional behavior and measure the performance of web applications. JMeter can be used to
javaCopy code
simulate a heavy load on a server, network, or object to test its strength, performance, and reliability under different
more complex scenarios.
12. Extensibility:
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
load conditions.

These simple steps showcase how to open a web page, interact with elements, navigate through pages, handle alerts,  JMeter is extensible, allowing the addition of custom components and
capture screenshots, and manage waits using Selenium WebDriver API commands. Depending on your testing 1. User-Friendly Interface: functions as needed.
scenario, you can combine these commands to automate various interactions with web applications.  JMeter provides an easy-to-use graphical interface for creating and
OR
managing test plans. In summary, JMeter is a user-friendly tool that works on different systems,
1. Opening a Browser: 2. Platform Independence: supports various protocols, allows easy test recording and modification, offers
webdriver.Chrome() is used to open a Chrome browser.
 It works on different operating systems like Windows, Linux, and macOS

pythonCopy code distributed testing, and provides essential features for validating, monitoring,
from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() since it's Java-based. and reporting on application performance.
2. Navigating to a URL:
 get() is used to navigate to a specified URL.
3. Supports Various Protocols: 2.What are the elements of JMeter test plan? Explain.
pythonCopy code  JMeter supports multiple protocols such as HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, SOAP,
driver.get("https://www.example.com") A JMeter test plan is the foundation of performance testing using JMeter. It consists of various elements that define
3. Locating Elements:
REST, LDAP, JDBC, and more.
the structure and behavior of the tests. Here are the key elements of a JMeter test plan explained:
 find_element() is used to locate the first element matching the given locator. 4. Record and Modify Tests:
pythonCopy code 1. Thread Group:
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By # Using ID as the locator element = driver.find_element(By.ID,  Think of it as a group of virtual users who will be testing your website or application.
"username")

2. Controllers:
 Controllers are like the directors of the test, deciding the order in which different actions happen, such as
sending requests to the server.
3. Listeners:
 Listeners are the audience watching the show; they display the results of the test, showing how well the
application is performing.
4. Timers:
 Timers act as a pause button between actions, making the virtual users wait a bit between clicking on things
to mimic real user behavior.
5. Configuration Elements:
 Configuration elements are like setting the stage; they help define the environment and parameters for the
test.
6. Pre-Processor Elements:
 Pre-Processors are backstage crew making last-minute changes before the show starts; they modify things
just before a virtual user interacts with the application.
7. Post-Processor Elements:
 Post-Processors are like assistants who gather information after an action, helping to analyze the results of
the test.
8. Run the Test:
 This is like pressing the play button to start the virtual users performing actions on the website.
9. Review Results:
 After the test, you check the results to see how well the website or application handled the virtual users'
actions.
10. Adjust and Iterate:
 If something didn't go well, you make changes to the test and run it again to see if it improves. It's like
refining the script for a better performance.