PUNJAB

PATWARI
2021
PUNJAB HISTORY
& CULTURE
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PUNJAB HISTORY &

CULTURE

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CONTENT
Sr. No. Topic Page No.
1. HISTORY OF PUNJAB 1
2. CULTURE 12
3. PLACES 18
4. PHYSICAL FEATURES 21
5. ECONOMY 24
6. WELFARE SCHEMES 30
7. ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE 33
8. MISCELLENOUS 35
9. BYTES ON PUNJAB 36
10. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 44

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 PUNJAB GK

FIFTH PHASE: By the end of the 17th century, Punjab

CHAPTER – 1 witnessed the rise of a militant phase with the advent of
HISTORY OF PUNJAB a new religion called Sikhism. The Mughal forces were
numerically significant, but Sikhs had, by now, started
organizing themselves. They offered Mughals stiff
"Punj" means five and ‘aab’ (in Persian) means water.
resistance. With the decline of the Mughals after
Punjab is referred to as the Land of Five Waters (rivers)
Aurangzeb’s death, Sikhs consolidated their power in
namely the Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, Chenab and Jhelum. At
different areas, and by the end of the 18th century,
present, only three rivers traverse through Punjab as the
various ‘Sikh misls’ held large parts of Punjab. Though
present-day state of Punjab has lost most of its area
they claimed themselves to be independent of each
after partition to Pakistan and its further division after
other, every year they would assemble at Amritsar to
independence.
take collective decisions about the community. With the
Punjab is the cradle of Indian civilisation and has also passage of time, these individual groups assumed the
been the gateway to India from central Asia. Several shape of small kingdoms.
foreigners came to India from time to time and settled
In the face of different threats, these little Sikh states
down here.
were united by Maharaja Ranjit Singh, who ruled from
The earliest known civilization of people, whom we can 1801 to 1839.Lahore was the capital of his empire, and
call the original inhabitants of India, is said to have his regime was known as the Lahore Durbar. During his
originated here and is called ‘Indus Valley Civilisation’. reign, the territory of Lahore Durbar extended from
This civilisation originated around 3300 B.C. and Afghanistan (Khyber Pass) in the west, Kashmir in the
withered away around 1800 B.C. This period is known north, Tibet in the east and Bahawalpur in the South. In
as the Bronze Age’. Why this civilization perished and 1809, the Britishers entered into a treaty with Maharaja
how it perished is still a matter of controversy, but it had Ranjit Singh, accepting river Sutlej as the border
all the ingredients of modern civilization with well between the Sikh empire and the British Empire. The
planned cities with underground drainage and storage treaty was signed between Charles T.Metcalfe
system. representing the British East India Company and
Maharaja Ranjit Singh in April 1809 at a place near
SECOND PHASE: Around 1500 B.C., some people from Ropar on the banks of the river Sutlej. This treaty is
Central Asia came here, chose to stay back and adopted known as ‘Treaty of Amritsar’. The immediate reason for
it as their own country. They were known as ‘Aryans'. the need to sign this treaty for the British was the
This era is known as the Vedic period, during which the French threat to northwest India, following the Treaty of
‘Vedas’ and ‘puranas’ are said to have been composed. Tilsit between Napoleon and Russia in 1807 and also to
The Punjab of this time is known as ‘Sapt- Sindhu’ or check the expansion of Ranjit Singh in Cis-Sutlej states.
the Land of Seven Rivers. This era continued up to
around 600 B.C. SIXTH PHASE: The Britishers came to India in 1600 as
THIRD PHASE: The third phase witnessed the arrival of traders. By the end of the 18th century, they had
new religions in India like Buddhism and Jainism, which acquired political aspirations and controlled a large part
developed as a result of orthodoxy in Hinduism. of India.
In 326 BC, Punjab was invaded by Alexander. Porus
gave him a tough fight in the Battle of Hydespus, but After the death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, his empire
Porus lost the war. Alexander an allied with Porus and weakened due to internal strife. In 1845 and 1849, two
appointed him as his regent. To the east of his kingdom battles known as Anglo-Sikh Wars took place in which
lay the mighty kingdom of ‘Magadh', ruled by the Nanda the Lahore Durbar lost, and Punjab was annexed by the
dynasty. Alexander avoided confrontation with them and British. In March 1849, the ‘Treaty of Lahore’ was signed
went back to Macedonia. by the British with the dethroned king Maharaja Duleep
The area saw several rulers after that, and the Singh, depriving him of sovereignty, kingdom and
prominent among them were Maurya Empire, Kanishka fortune. He surrendered the famous diamond ‘Kohinoor’
and Gupta empires. By the end of the sixth century, it to the Queen of England under terms of the treaty.
was a prosperous nation. This era is known as the
‘golden age’. The British divided Punjab into
1. Princely states ruled by erstwhile rulers and
FOURTH PHASE: The seventh century saw the arrival of
2. The British province of Punjab which was
hordes from Central Asia who introduced a new religion
granted the status of a separate state.
‘Islam’. In 10th /11th century, Punjab was invaded by
Mohammad Ghaznavi and in the 12th century by
In 1849, British annexed Panjab and made part of the
Mahmud Ghouri. By the 13th century, the ‘slave dynasty’
British Empire. In 1853 John Lawrence was appointed
of Turkish origin had established its control over the
Lieutenant Governor at Lahore as a direct representative
area.
of the British Crown. Kashmir) was sold to Gulab Singh,
In 1526, the Mughal forces led by Babar defeated the
Prime Minister in Lahore Darbar for Rs. 75 lacs and was
Lodhis in the First Battle of Panipat and established the
granted the title of ‘Maharaja’.
Mughal dynasty, which ruled India from 1526 to 1857.
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It should be remembered that the rest of India was still The last Maharaja of Patiala, Yadavindra Singh was
under the control of East India Company and was not appointed Rajpramukh (equivalent to the Governor) of
under the direct part of the British Empire. the state, while Maharaj Jagatjit Singh of Kapurthala
Sir John Lawrence, later on, rose to become Viceroy of was made the up-rajpramukh. Patiala was the principal
India in 1864. city and was made capital of new state.
ANCIENT NAMES OF PUNJAB Information – PEPSU
Sapt-Sindhu Rigved Created on July 15, 1948
Panch-Nad Mahakavya (Ramayana and Rajramukh of PEPSU Maharaja Yadvindra
Mahabharta} Singh of Patiala
Pantopotamia Greek Name Up- Rajpramukh of Maharaja Jagatjit Singh
Taka Pradesh Based on taka tribe in PEPSU of Kapurthala
ancient times Capital of PEPSU Patiala
Lahore Suba And Maharaja Ranjit Singh
Merged with Punjab 1956
Lahore Province
NWFP (North in 1901 ( at the times of Lord DIVISION OF PUNJAB
West Frontier Curzon )
Province) In 1950, a Union Territory of Himachal Pradesh was
Eastern Punjab In 1947 created with the merger of princely hill states and
(Punjab in India) several Punjab hill states.
Modern day Since November 1, 1966
PUNJAB In 1956, PEPSU was merged with Punjab, while several
northern districts of Punjab were separated and added to
SITUATION AT THE TIME OF INDEPENDENCE Himachal Pradesh.

At the time of independence, Punjab with a total area of In 1966, with the demand for Punjabi Suba gaining
1, 38, 105 sq. miles, comprised momentum, the Union Government agreed to divide the
i. British Territory (99,089 sq.miles) divided into state by ‘language formula'. On the recommendations of
29 districts and Shah Commission, Punjab was divided into the Hindu-
ii. 43 princely states, known as the Punjab States. dominated southern state of Haryana and the Sikh-
dominated present day Punjab.
The population was distributed in 52,047 villages and
283 towns, with a density of 248 persons per square First Chief Minister of Punjab: Gopi Chand Bhargava
mile. The British, thus, controlled around 72% of the (1947-1949)
total area and had 82.8% of the total population while
the Punjab states with 28.3% of the area had 17.2% First Governor of Punjab: Chandu Lal Trivedi (1947-
population. As per the 1941 census, the Muslims had an 1953)
absolute majority in Punjab (53.2%). The Hindus made
up 29.1%, the Sikhs14.9 and the Christians 1.9%, while First Non-Congress Chief Minister of Punjab: Gurnam
others made up for the rest 1.3%. Singh (1967)
Punjab and Bengal were the two states most
affected by partition. Punjab under the British control Longest serving Chief Minister: Prakash Singh Badal
was divided into Muslim-dominated West Punjab and
became part of Pakistan, while the Hindu/Sikh Maximum Number of times: Prakash Singh Badal (5
dominated eastern area was allocated to India and was times)
called East Punjab.
In 1950, the Princely Punjab states were integrated, and Chief Minister at the time of operation Blue Star:
Punjab now consisted of the following two states: Presidents Rule

1. Punjab (earlier known as East Punjab) (Gopi Chand Chief Minister at the time of operation Black
Bhargava was the first CM of Punjab.) Thunder- I: Surjit Singh Barnala

2. PEPSU: (an acronym for Patiala and Eastern Punjab

States Union) It comprised eight formerly princely
CAPITAL OF PUNJAB
states: Lahore was the capital of undivided Punjab and after
partition, it became part of Pakistan. Consequently, East
1. Sikh-ruled States: Patiala, Nabha, Jind, Punjab, the area which became part of India had to look
Kapurthala, Faridkot and Kalsian for a new capital.
2. Hindu-ruled State Nalagarh Simla was made the temporary capital of Punjab, though
3. Muslim-ruled State Malerkotla many of its offices were located in Ambala, Jalandhar or
Patiala.
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In 1948, a committee was appointed with Mr.P.L. Verma During his times, the Hindu religion was under a
as its chairman to evaluate the existing towns in the Brahminical stranglehold. The Muslim faith had
state for setting up the capital of Punjab. The present established its roots and was getting royal patronage. It
site was selected in 1948 by its central location, was under these circumstances that he gave a new
proximity to the national capital, availability of water, philosophy which preached equality of all and tolerance
fertile soil and moderate climate, etc. The area was part for all faiths. His philosophy was quite akin to the
of erstwhile District Ambala. philosophy of Saint Kabir. But after the death of Saint
Kabir, there was none to carry forward his message
In 1950 a master plan was commissioned and a French while Guru Nanak appointed his successor and this line
architect Le Corbusier was appointed to develop and of succession went on till the tenth Guru Gobind Singh,
design the new capital. The foundation stone of the city the Sikh guru. Before his death, Guru Gobind Singh
was laid by the Prime Minister of India Sh. Jawaharlal designated Guru Granth Sahib as the eternal ‘Guru’ of
Nehru in 1952. the Sikhs, thus bringing to end the concept of a living
‘guru’.
With the reorganisation of the state of Punjab and This is the world’s fifth largest religion based on
creation of Punjab and Haryana as separate states, it monotheism (the concept of one god).
serves as the joint capital of both the states, while itself
being categorized as Union Territory. HISTORY OF SIKH GURUS
1st Guru – Guru Nanak Dev Ji
It is the first modern and planned city of India
Born: 1469
established after independence.
Period of Guruship: 1469-1507 - 1539
Father: Mehta Kalyan Das ( Mehta Kalu)
HISTORY OF THE SIKH GURUS Mother: Tripta
Wife: Sulakhni
During the period 16th century to the 18th century, Sister: Bibi Nanki
Punjab witnessed a development which left a profound Contemporary Rulers: Lodhis, Babur, Humayun
impact on the social fibre of the state i.e. birth of a new Important Events:
religion called Sikhism. • Was born at Nankana Sahib near Lahore, which
is now in Pakistan.
ORIGIN OF SIKH RELIGION • Had two sons Baba Sri Chand & Baba Lakhmi
Das.
The roots of this religion lie in Bhakti movement which • Baba Sri Chand founded the Udasi Sect.
started in the ninth century. During these times, the • He undertook four long journeys known as
ruling classes had undergone a great transformation; the ‘udasiyan.'
rulers were Muslims while the population was mostly • He started the institution of Langar and the
Hindu. The Muslim saints tried to bridge the gap concept of Guruship.
between the two religions by propagating the message • Breathed his last at Kartapur Sahib (Now in
that all religions lead to the realisation of God, by Pakistan).
whatever name, it may be called. These persons were • 1974 shabads composed by him are part of the
known as ‘sufis’. This created tolerance among local Guru Granth Sahib.
population towards Muslims and many of them even
converted to the new faith, for now, they were given 2nd Guru – Guru Angad Dev Ji
preference by the rulers as well. Born: in 1504 at Sarai Naga in Muktsar
Period of Guruship: 1539-1552
During the times of Guru Nanak, a majority of Punjabis Father: Pheru Mal
were still Hindus, while the Muslims also constituted a Mother: Ramo
substantial part of its population. Wife: Mata Khivi (the only lady whose name is
Though a vast majority of Punjab had adopted the new mentioned in Guru Granth Sahib).
Muslim religion, their condition was not much better as Contemporary Rulers: Sher Shah Suri
the benefits associated with conversion were garnered by Important Events:
a few influential persons only. It may be mentioned that • Also known as Bhai Lehna.
though people followed different religions, they lived • Introduced the Gurmukhi Script and
together peacefully and shared common cultural bonds. strengthened the institution of Langar
• 62 shabads in the Guru Granth Sahib
Sikhism: Guru Nanak was the first guru of the Sikhs. • Established his headquarter at Khadoor Sahib
During his times, the state was being governed by Lodhi near Tarn Taran.
rulers, but the social fabric was torn by strife. Babur, • Started the practice of Mal-akhaada
the Mughal king from central Asia, attacked the country
• He had two sons Bhai Datu ji and Bhai Dasu ji
and was able to dethrone the Lodhi dynasty which led to
and two daughters but appointed a seventy-
the establishment of Mughal dynasty.
three year old Sh. Amar Dass as his successor.

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3rd Guru: Guru Amardas Ji 5th Guru: Guru Arjan Dev Ji

Born: 1479 Born: 1563
Period of Guruship: 1552-1574 Period of Guruship: 1581-1606
Father: Tej Bhan Father: Guru Ramdas
Mother: Sulakhani Mother: Bibi Bhani
Wife: Mansa Devi Wife: Mata Ganga
Contemporary Rulers: Sher Shah Suri, Humayun, Contemporary Rulers: Akbar, Jahagir
Akbar
Important Events: Important Events:
• Established his headquarters at newly built • Started the construction of Harmandir Sahib
town Goindwal. and its foundation was laid by Sufi Saint Hazrat
• Got constructed a baoli with eighty-four Mian Mir in 1588.
steps. • The construction of Harmandir Sahib was
• Condemned the practice of ‘sati’ and asked completed in 1604.
women to discard ‘purdah’ and also allowed • Founded the city of Taran Taran and dug a
widow remarriage. tank known to cure leprosy.
• Sent Bhai Gurdas to Varanasi to study • Composed Sukhmani Sahib and 2218 hymns
Sanskrit and Hindu scriptures. authored by him are recorded in Adi Granth.
• Composed Anand Sahib and abolished the • Compiled the Adi Granth with Bhai Gurdas as
caste system. the scribe.
• Established twenty-two centres for the • Introduced the institution of Dasvand and
propagation of the message of Guru Nanak. strengthened the Masand system
These centres were called ‘manjis’. • Was executed in Lahore on Jahangir’s orders
• Had two sons Bhai Mohan ji and Bhai for allegedly sheltering the rebellious Prince
Mohri ji and two daughters, Bibi Dani and Khusro.
Bibi Bhani. • He was tortured to death at Lahore, and
• Bibi Bhani was married to one of his Gurudwara Dehra Sahib is situated at the
disciple Bhai Jetha, who succeeded Guru place.
Amardas as the fourth Guru Ramdas. • His torture and death were a turning point in
• Started the practice of 'Pehle Pangat pache the history of Sikhs from a purely religious
Sangat'. peaceful movement to an order of militarised
• 907 shabads in the Guru Granth Sahib. insurrection against the tyranny of the state.

4th Guru: Guru Ramdas Ji 6th Guru: Guru Hargobind

Born: at Lahore in 1534 Born: at Wadali (Amritsar) in 1595
Period of Guruship: 1574-1581 Period of Guruship:1606-1644
Father: Haridas Father: Guru Arjan Dev
Mother: Daya Kaur Mother: Mata Ganga
Wife: Bibi Bhani (daughter of Guru Amar Dass) Wife: Nanaki
Contemporary Ruler: Akbar Contemporary Rulers: Jahangir, Shah Jahan
Important Events:
• Lost his parents at a very young age. Important Events:
• Was married to Bibi Bhani, daughter of • Introduced the concept of “Miri” and “Piri” i.e.
Guru Amardas. “Temporal power” and "Spiritual power."
• Founded the city of Amritsar and designed • Militarized the religion and asked the followers
the Golden Temple. to take to the sword to protect their honour and
• Composed “Laavan”, sung at the time of religious freedom.
Sikh marriages. • Constructed Akal Takhat and Lohgarh Fort at
• Had three sons Prithi Chand, Mahadev and Amritsar
Arjun Dev. • Had the longest duration as the guru lasting
• Anointed his youngest son Arjan Dev as the around 37 years.
fifth guru. • Established the city of Kiratpur
• Started the Masand Pratha. • The day he arrived at Amritsar after his release
• Founded the city of Amritsar (Chak from Gwalior jail is celebrated as Bandi Chhod
Ramdaspur) and also got dug Santokhsar Divas. It coincides with the Deepawali festival
Sarovar. celebrated by Hindus also.
• 679 Shabads in the Guru Granth Sahib. • Had five sons and one daughter (Veero).
• Anointed elder son of his son Bhai Gurditta ji
as the seventh guru.
• City Hargobindpur is named after him.

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• Fought four (five) battles against Mughals and • Visited Bihar, Bengal and other places to
won all. spread the message of Guru.
• After the battle of Kartapur was won, his son • Was executed with Bhai Mati Das, Sati Das
Tyag Mal was named Tegh Bahadur. and Bhai Dyala Ji on the orders of
Aurangzeb at Chandni Chowk in Delhi.
Battles fought by Guru Hargobind • Gurudwara Sis Ganj is situated at this
1. Battle of Rohilla place.
2. Battle of Amritsar • His body was taken by Lakhi Vanjara and
3. Battle of Kartarpur cremated at his house, now known as
4. Battle of Kiratpur Gurudwara Rakab Ganj.
5. Battle of Gurusar • His 'Sis' (head) was taken away by Bhai
6. Battle of Hargobindpur Jaita, who brought back it to Anandpur
Sahib.
7th Guru: Guru Har Rai Ji • 115 slokas in Guru Granth Sahib.
Born: 1630 • Gobind Rai, the son, was born to his wife in
Period of Guruship: 1644-1661 Patna Sahib, while he was away at Dhaka.
Father: Bhai Gurditta Ji
Moher: Nihal Kaur 10th Guru: Gobind Singh Ji
Wife: Krishan Kaur Born: at Patna Sahib1666
Contemporary Rulers: Shah Jahan, Aurangzeb Period of Guruship: 1675-1708
Father: Guru Tegh Bahadur
Important Events: Mother: Mata Gujri
Wives: Jeeto, Sahib Kaur, Mata Sundari
• Helped Shah Jahan in curing Dara Shikoh by
Contemporary Rulers: Aurangzeb, Bahadur Shah
providing rare herbs.
Important Events:
• Visited many places to spread the message of
• Problems with hill chiefs, especially Bhim
gurus.
Chand of Kahlur (Bilaspur).
• Converted notable families from Majha area to
• Invited by Chief of Sirmaur (Nahan). Spent
Sikh fold.
some time in the city of Paonta.
• Was summoned by Aurangzeb. Sent his son
• Had four sons of whom two (Ajit Singh and
Ram Rai instead.
Jujhar Singh) attained martyrdom while
• Ram Rai made some changes in the shabads to
fighting the mughal forces at Chamkaur and
appease Aurangzeb.
two young sons (Jorawar Singh and Fateh
• Was disowned by the Guru.
Singh) of the age 7 and 9 years old were
bricked alive by order of nawab Wajir Khan of
8th Guru: Guru Hari Krishan Ji
Sirhind.
Born in: 1656
• Birth of Khalsa on Baisakhi day 30 March
Period of Guruship: 1661-1664
1699.
Father: Guru Har Rai
• Initiated the concept of ‘Panj Piaare’.
Mother: Krishan Kaur
Contemporary Ruler: Aurangzeb Name Caste City
Daya Ram Khatri Lahore
Important Events: Dharam Das Jat Hastinapur
• Visited Delhi and stayed at the residence Mohakkam Chimba/ Dwarka
of Raja Jai Singh of Amber Chand Tailor
• Is known as Bal-guru Himmat Kahar / Jaganath Puri
• Died in Delhi due of smallpox while Chand water bearer
serving epidemic-stricken people. Sahib Chand Barber Bidar
• Called upon his disciples to search for • These panj piaras were named as Daya Singh,
the ninth guru as the village Bakala. Dharam Singh, Mohkam Singh, Himmat Singh
and Sahib Singh.
9th Guru: Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji: • Asked the panj piaaras to give amrit to Guru
Born: 1621 Gobind Rai who now assumed the name of
Period of Guruship: 1664-1675 Gobind Singh.
Father: Guru Hargobind • Built Fort Anandgarh at Anandpur
Mother: Nanaki • Attacked by Mughals and hill chiefs.
Wife: Gujri • Left Anandpur and reached Talwandi Sabo
Contemporary Ruler: Aurangzeb (Damdama Sahib - Place of peace)
• Wrote “Zafarnamah” (letter) to Aurangzeb. Was
Major events:
invited and went southwards to meet him.
• Visited Bihar and Bengal. Founded the city
Aurangzeb died before the meeting could be
of Anandpur, (Chak Nanaki)
held.
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• Helped Bahadur Shah in succession. CITIES ESTABLISHED BY SIKH GURUS

• Ended the masand system.
CITY NAME Established by
• Last living guru.
Kartarpur Guru Nanak Dev
• Died on being stabbed by a Muslim fanatic
probably sent by Wazir Khan, the subedar of Khadoor Sahib Guru Angad Dev
Sirhind. Goindwal Sahib Guru Amardas
• Baptised Banda Bahadur and sent him to Chak Ramdas - Amritsar Guru Ramdas
Punjab to avenge the killing of Sahibzadas. Taran-Taran, Kartarpur Guru Arjan Dev
• Wrote: Dasam Granth, Savaiye, Jaap Sahib. Kiratpur Guru Hargobind
• Installed the Guru Granth Sahib as the Anandpur ( Chak Nanki) Guru Tegh Bahadur
eternal guru of the Sikhs and brought to end
the concept of the living guru. INFORMATION: GURU GRANTH SAHIB

Battles – Guru Gobind Singh Total Number of pages 1430

Battle of Bhangani (1688) (called angs in Punjabi)
Battle of Nadaun (1691) Total Number of shabads 5894
Battle of Guler (1696) Name of Guru / Bhagat Shabads (Hymns)
First Battle of Anandpur (1700)
Guru Nanak Dev 974
Battle of Anandpur Sahib (1701)
Furu Angad Dev 62
Battle of Nirmohgarh (1702)
Battle of Basoli (1702) Guru Amar Das 907
Battle of Anandpur (1704) Guru Ram Das 679
Battle of Sarsa (1704) Guru Arjun Dev 2218
Battle of Chamkaur (1704) Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib 115
Battle of Muktsar (1705) Bani of Bhagats and Number of their Shlokas
Bhagat Kabir 541
SOME IMPORTANT FACTS - FROM SIKH HISTORY Bhagat Namdev 60
Bhagat Ravi Das 41
Name Gurgaddi Period
Bhagat Farid 134
Guru Nanak Dev Ji …….. - 1539
Number of ‘Bhats’ whose baani is included in Guru
Guru Angad Dev Ji 1539-1552 Granth Sahib : 11
Guru Amardas Ji 1552-1574
Guru Ram Das Ji 1574-1581 Guru Granth Sahib: The fifth guru of the Sikhs, Guru
Guru Arjan Dev Ji 1581-1606 Arjun Dev, collected the ‘hymns' of the first four gurus
Guru Hargobind Ji 1606-1644 and several ‘bhagats' and compiled them into a book
Guru Har Rai Ji 1644-1661 known as ‘Adi Granth' or 'Pothi Sahib', It included his
Guru Harkrishan Ji 1661-1664 own ‘baani' as well. The Adi Granth was installed in
Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji 1664-1675 1604 as the holy book of Sikhs at Sri Harmindar Sahib
Guru Gobind Singh Ji 1675-1708 Amritsar, with Baba Budha Ji as its first ‘Head Granthi'.
This holy book was compiled by Guru Arjun Dev Ji and
scribed by Bhai Gurdas.
Shortest Gurugaddi Period - Guru Harkrishan Ji
Longest Gurugaddi Period - Guru Hargobind Ji During his stay at Talwandi Sabo, also known as ‘Guru
ki Kashi', Guru Gobind Singh Ji included the verses by
IMMEDIATE CAUSE OF DEATH Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji at appropriate places in Adi
Guru Arjan Dev - Jahangir's antipathy and religious Granth with Bhai Mani Singh as the scribe.
intolerance. The immediate cause was Tilak applied to
This book is now known as ‘Guru Granth Sahib', and
Prince Khusro. Martyred at Lahore (Gurudwara Dehra
this scripture was bestowed the ‘Guruship' by him before
Sahib)
his death in October 1708 at Nanded. The gurudwara
Guru Tegh Bahadur - Religious intolerance of Aurangzeb.
situated at Nanded on the banks of the river Godavari is
Executed at Chandni Chowk, Delhi.
called ‘Hazoor Sahib'.
Guru Gobind Singh - Died of fatal wounds inflicted by
messengers of Nawab Wazir Khan (Sirhind). This scripture contains 1430 pages, is composed in 31
Banda Bahadur - Executed on the orders of emperor ragas and contains 5894 hymns. It includes the baanis
Farukhsiar in 1716. of:
• First five gurus and the ninth guru
PREVIOUS & ACQUIRED NAMES OF GURUS • Fifteen bhagats and eleven bhatts.
• Bhai Lehna Ji - Guru Angad Dev In 1721, Mata Sundri (widow of Guru Gobind Singh)
• Bhai Jetha Ji- Gur Ramdass instructed Bhai Mani Singh to carry this holy book to
• Tyagmal - Guru Tegh Bahadur Harmindar Sahib, Amritsar and anointed him the Head
• Gobind Rai - Guru Gobind Singh Granthi.

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PROMINENT LADIES IN SIKH HISTORY Baba Sri Chand Son of Guru Nanak who founded
Udasi sect.
Name Associated with
Bhai Mohana ji Son of Guru Amar Dass from whom
Bibi Khivi Langar Pratha, wife of Guru Angad
Guru Arjan Dev got the collection of
Dev
bani of earlier gurus.
Bebe Nanki Sister of Guru Nanak Dev Ji
Maharaja Ranjit Unified the small misls into a large
Mata Gujri Martyrdom of Sahibjadas, wife of Guru Singh Sikh empire.
Tegh Bahadur
Hari Singh A brave soldier and commander of the
Bibi Bhani Daughter of Guru Amardas, wife of Nalwa army in the reign of Ranjit Singh.
Guru Ram Das, Mother of Guru Arjan Annexed Fort of Attock for the Lahore
Dev ji, and Grand Mother of Guru Darbar.
Hargobind
Mata Sundri led Sikhs after the martyrdom of
Guru Gobind Singh SIKH HISTORY AFTER SIKH GURUS
Mai Bhago A Sikh woman who exhorted Sikh
soldiers who wrote "Bedawa" to rejoin After Guru Gobind Singh had breathed his last at
Guru forces against the Mughals in Nanded in Maharashtra, a new phase started whereby
1705. Sikhsnow started organising themselves to pose a threat
to the mughal forces. The resistance provided by Sikhs
PERSONALITIES IN SIKH HISTORY weakened the Mughal Empire, and it never regained its
opulence, power and glory. The first Sikh who offered
Baba Budha Ji Companion of Guru Nanak who
stiff resistance to the Mughal Empire was Banda
anointed first six gurus
Bahadur, an ascetic who was selected by Guru Gobind
Bhai Gurdas Ji Companion to four gurus and original Singh himself to lead the Sikhs.
scribe of Guru Granth Sahib
Makhhan Shah Who identified the 9th guru Tegh Banda Singh Bahadur: His original name was Lachman
Lubana Bahadur at Bakala Das and belonged to Rajouri area of Jammu. He came in
Lakhhi Shah Who cremated the body of Guru Tegh contact with Guru Gobind Singh at Nanded.
Vanjara Bahadur It is said that he was baptised by Guru Gobind Singh at
Bhai Jaita Ji Who picked up the head of Tegh Nanded and was given the name ‘Gurbaksh Singh', (the
Bahadur and carried it to Anandpur Singh saved by the Guru). He offered his services to
Sahib Guru and said that he was his ‘banda’, and so he is
Peer Buddhu Companion of Guru Gobind Singh known as Banda Bahadur or Banda Singh Bahadur
Shah whose two sons died in the battle of (banda, the brave lion) or even Banda Bairagi. He was a
Bhangani against Mughals. He was brave fighter and was able to unite the different sections
executed for lending his support to of society in his struggle against the Mughal excesses.
Guru Gobind Singh
He started with a band of few Sikh followers of Guru
Baba Deep First head of Damdami Taksal founded Gobind Singh and on his way, was supported and joined
Singh by Nawab Kapoor Singh, attained by a large number of persons, who were oppressed by
martyrdom while defending golden the Mughals. In 1709, his forces attacked Samana,
temple against afghan forces in the because the town was associated with the persons who
battle of Gohalwar (1757) had beheaded Guru Tegh Bahadur and had bricked alive
Bhai Kanhaiya Who served water to injured soldiers the two younger sons of the guru.
Ji without discrimination including
Mughals Conquest of Sirhind
Banda Bahadur He was appointed by Guru Gobind One of his greatest successes was the defeat of the forces
Singh to avenge the atrocities led by Wazir Khan, the ‘Nawab of Sirhind’, in the battle
committed by the Mughal forces. First of Chappar Chiri, a place near Chandigarh.
Sikh kingdom established by him.
Bhai Mani Head Granthi of Harmandir (The Punjab government has constructed the ‘Minar – e-
Singh Sahib and Jathedar of the Akal Takht Khalsa here to commemorate the victory.) The Nawab of
between 1721 and 1737 Sirhind had bricked alive the two sons of Guru Gobind
Bhai Gurdita Ji Son of Guru Hargobind and Father of Singh. Sirhind city was ransacked and nearly all its
Guru Har Rai. Successor of Baba Sri inhabitants killed.
Chand (Udasis sect)
Bhai Binod Companion of Banda Bahadur but The defeat of nawab of Sirhind gave a big boost to the
Singh rebelled against him in the battle of morale of peasantry, who flocked to Banda Bahadur to
Gurdas Nangal. seek protection from prosecutions at the hands of
Nawab Kapoor Recognized by Mughals as leader of mughal chiefs. He led some assaults against them and at
Singh Sikh forces and given the title of many places they submitted to the will of the new chief.
Nawab. Formed Dal Khalsa.
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He confiscated the land from big landlords and Headquarters Mukhlisar

distributed among the small farmers. His victory at (near Nahan / Sadhaura in
Sirhind was a landmark because between Delhi and Himachal Pradesh)
Lahore, Sirhind was the most important seat of mughal New name of Lohgarh (near Sadhaura on the
power. His power and authority now extended from Headquarters border of Haryana & Himachal
Jamuna up to doab areas. Pradesh)
Coins Struck In the name of Guru Nanak & Guru
He knew that the mughal forces would not remain silent Gobind Singh
and would retaliate. He shifted his headquarter to a
Seals With inscription of Degh & Tegh
safer place in the hills called Mukhlisar. (This place is
Caught at Gurdas Nangal (Near Gurdaspur)
now situated at the border of Haryana and Himachal).
Executed at Delhi
He constructed a fort and renamed it ‘Lohgarh’ or the
iron fort. He issued coins in the name of Guru Nanak. King who Emperor Farrukh Siyar
ordered
In December 1710, King Bahadur Shah, who succeeded execution
Aurangzeb returned from the south but did not stay in
POST BANDA SINGH BAHADUR
Delhi. He proceeded straight to Lohgarh to take on
Banda. The numbers and resources won, and Banda fled After Banda Bahadur was captured and executed, many
in disguise, but could not capture him. minor local Sikh groups emerged in different areas of
Punjab and kept on troubling the local chieftains. Hence,
Battles fought by Banda Singh Bahadur the Mughals tried to mend fences with them.
• Battle of Sonepat
• Battle of Ambala Invasion of Nadir Shah: In 1738, Nadir Shah, the ruler
• Battle of Samana of Iran, attacked India. He plundered Punjab on his way
• Battle of Chappar Chiri to Delhi. The Mughal forces fought a battle in Karnal but
• Battle of Sadhaura were quickly routed. Nadir Shah was declared the
• Battle of Lohgarh sultan. He looted Delhi and took away with him the
• Battle of Jammu famous Kohinoor diamond and also the ‘peacock throne'
• Battle of Rahon, (1710) made of gold, studded with diamonds and rubies. He
• Battle of Jalalabad (1710) also declared Punjab as a province of his Persian empire.
• Battle of Kapoori
Invasion of Ahmad Shah Abdali: Ahmad Shah Abdali
• Battle of Gurdas Nangal or Siege of Gurdaspur
invaded India ten times, the first time in 1748. His
invasions further weakened the Delhi Empire. Many
By now, a new sect had emerged by the name of ‘bandai
times, the Sikhs ambushed his forces. In 1762, Ahmad
khalsa’ as different from ‘tat khalsa’. The dispute
Shah avenged and gheraoed the Sikh forces at village
between the two was resolved by Bhai Mani Singh, who
Kup near Ahmedgarh near Malerkotla, killing more than
was deputed by Mata Sundri and ‘bandai khalsa’ was
20,000 The Sikhs.
dissolved.
This event in Sikh history is known as ‘wadda
He was captured in the battle at Gurdas Nangal, (near
ghallughara’.
the present-day Gurdaspur town). He was put in an iron
During his rule, Punjab became a province of Afghan
cage and brought to Delhi in a procession along with 780
empire (Kabul).
other Sikh prisoners, with heads of more than 2000
Sikhs hung on spears and 700 cartloads of heads of
MISLS: After the killing of Banda Bahadur, there was a
slaughtered Sikhs to terrorise the population into
brief lull in the activities of the Sikhs, but soon they
submission.
started organising themselves in different areas.
In 1716 was tortured to death on the orders of Farrukh
These various groups or ‘jathas', as they are called in
Siyar, the Mughal emperor of Delhi. All other Sikh
Punjabi, grew in influence. They all acted independently
prisoners were also similarly executed.
but would meet annually at Amritsar at a convention
called the ‘Sarbat Khalsa'.
INFORMATION – BANDA SINGH BAHADUR
By this time, they had increased their influence in vast
Original Name Lachman Das/ Lachman Dev areas of Punjab. The Mughal Nawab Zakariya Khan tried
Belonged to Rajouri ( Jammu) to buy peace with these forces and conferred the title of
Baptised by Guru Gobind Singh ‘nawab’ on Sardar Kapur Singh.
Name Given Gurbaksh Singh
Popular Name Banda Bahadur Later it was decided to merge all these jathas into one
Main Battle Battle of Chhapar Chiri (Sirhind) army called ‘Dal Khalsa'. Jassa Singh Ahluwalia was
Defeated whom Forces led by Wazir Khan declared the supreme commander of the forces.

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Kapur Singh, who was given the title of ‘nawab' by Phulkian Misl: Was not a part of Dal Khalsa. Baba Ala
Zakariya Khan had aged and was called the ‘padshah of Singh (phulkian misl) was appointed the ‘subedar' of
the Sikhs’. Sirhind by Ahmad Shah Abdali. After the death of Baba
Ala Singh, Ahmad Shah appointed the grandson of Baba
The Dal Khalsa was divided into ‘misls' and these were
Ala Singh, Sardar Amar Singh as the new governor of
known by the name of their rulers. They now controlled
Sirhind, who gave him the title ‘Raja-i-Rajgan'. The
a sizable part of Punjab independently. These misls
rulers of Patiala, Jind and Nabha shared common
would, at times, fight with each other as well.
ancestors and were part of this misl.
The invasions of Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali
had already weakened the Mughal Empire. The Afghan ATTACK ON DELHI
sultan Ahmad Shah Abdali had declared that Punjab By the year 1783, Sikhs felt emboldened to attack Delhi.
was now part of Afghan empire. The rulers of Lahore A contingent of Sikh forces commanded by Jassa Singh
controlling Punjab tried to please both Afghan rulers as Ahluwalia, Bhagel Singh Kirorsinghia, Rai Singh Bhangi
well as Delhi Empire. They sought to take benefit of the and Gurdit Singh, Raja of Ladwa attacked Delhi. The
loss of mughal power at Delhi and were encouraged by mughal king Shah Alam-II negotiated peace with the
certain ‘wazirs’ to assert more independence. Sikh forces and allowed them to construct gurdwaras at
different places connected with their history.
They were aware that in a case of any attack on India, (Gurudwara Sis Ganj, Rakab Ganj, etc.)
they would always be the first to face the music. They The present day Tis Hazari is associated with Bhagel
kept their allegiance to the Delhi durbar, but kept their Singh because he used the site as a stable for his 30000
channels open with the Kabul as well. In the process, horses.
they wanted to buy peace within their own areas of
influence in Punjab. This forced them to come to an
understanding with the local Sikh forces. FIRST SIKH EMPIRE - RANJIT SINGH
These developments further weakened the Mughal
Ranjit Singh was born in 1780 in the Sandhawalia Clan
Empire, and Sikhs were able to establish their areas of
(Sukerchakia Misl). His father Sardar Maha Singh died
influence in different areas of Punjab.
when he was twelve years of age. His original name was
The attack by Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali Budh Singh, and his father renamed him as Ranjit Singh
sapped the mughal dynasty of its influence. Their defeat to commemorate his victory in a battle. After the death of
emboldened the local rulers to assert their authority, his father, he was raised by his mother-in-law Sada
further weakening the Delhi Durbar. With the loss of Kaur and became the head of Sukerchakia misl at the
‘peacock throne and Kohinoor diamond', it had lost its age of eighteen. In 1799, when he was only nineteen
pristine glory. years of age, his forces took over Lahore and the Afghan
king Shah Zaman confirmed him as ‘governor’ of the
RISE of MISLS city.
The Sikhs had made pockets of influence and were the
In 1801, he proclaimed himself as Maharaja and was
defector rulers of those areas. They would meet at
crowned in Lahore on April 12, 1801. In 1802, he
Amritsar every year and would chalk out their strategy
captured Amritsar from bhangi sardars. After various
to protect themselves unitedly. Their joint force was
campaigns, he was able to subdue all ‘misls’, which
called ‘Dal Khalsa'.
accepted him as their leader.
This misl had the area of influence in malwa area of
Punjab while all other misls were in the majha and the Thus, he was able to unite all Sikhs under one banner
doab area. except the phulkian states, which took the British
protection. He assumed the title of Maharaja and later
LIST OF MISLS AND THEIR FOUNDERS
entered into a treaty with the British called the ‘Treaty of
No. NAME OF MISL FOUNDED BY Amritsar’.
1 Faizalpuria, Singhpuria, Nawab Kapoor
Singh This treaty was signed on 25.04.1809, whereby the
2 Ahluwalia Misl Jassa Singh British side acknowledged the Lahore kingdom’s
Ahluwalia sovereignty north and west of Sutlej and also promised
3 Bhangi Misl Chajja Singh perpetual friendship with each other. This helped the
British to extend their empire from Jamuna to Sutlej in
4 Ramgarhia Misl Jassa Singh
the west.
5 Kanhiya Misl Jai Singh Kanhiya
6 Shukerchakia Misl Charat Singh His kingdom extended from Ladakh in the north to
7 Dallewalia Tara Singh Gheba Shikarpur in the south, and from Jamrud in North West
8 Nakai Misl Hira Singh to Sutlej in the East. In 1839, when he died, his empire
9 Karor Singhia Misl Karor Singh extended around 1,40,000 square miles (appx.2, 25, 000
10 Sahidi Nihang Misl Deep Singh sq kms). After his death, the Sikh empire withered and
11 Nishanwalia Misl Sangat Singh in 1849, the British annexed Punjab and made it a part
12 Phulkian Misl Chaudhari Phul of British Empire.

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BATTLES OF MAHARAJA RANJIT SINGH Being a weak ruler, he retired from active politics and
his son Nau Nihal Singh ascended the throne.
1799 Captured Lahore
1802 Captured Amritsar Nau Nihal Singh
1807 Annexed Kasur The son of Kharak Singh was only 19 year old when he
became the king. He was an able administrator and was
1809 Annexes Kangra able to solve law and order problem in the empire.
1809 Treaty of Lahore, with British Unfortunately, he died when an archway of the gate fall
upon him which fatally injured him.
1813 Victory over Afghans at Attock
1814 Acquires Kohinoor Chand Kaur
1818 Captures Multan After the death of Nau Nihal Singh, his mother Chand
Kaur took the reign of the empire in her hands. However,
1819 Captures Kashmir
Sher Singh, another son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh,
1819 Victory over Afghans – Naushehra occupied the throne and declared himself the king.
1824 Annexes Peshawar
Sher Singh
1831 Battle of Balakot (with Sayyid Ahmad) Sher Singh was a weak leader and did not enjoy the full
1838 Tripartite Treaty with British & Shah confidence of his soldiers. He had promised enhanced
Shuja salaries to the army, but the promise was not fulfilled.
1839 Died (June 27) The law and order situation in the city worsened, and
Sher Singh was assassinated in the resulting chaos.

FACTS – MAHARAJA RANJIT SINGH Dalip Singh

He was the youngest son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh from
Born 1780 Rani Jindan. After the assassination of Sher Singh, Hira
Father’s Name Sardar Maha Singh Singh (son of Raja Dhian Singh, the Dogra follower of
Mother’s Name Mai Raj Kaur Maharaja Ranjit Singh) captured the fort of Lahore and
Head of Sukerchakia Misl 1798 declared Dalip Singh as Maharaja.
Captured Lahore 1799
Took title of Maharaja April, 12,1801 His mother Rani Jindan became the regent, and Hira
Singh was appointed the Prime Minister. He was the last
Captured Amritsar 1802
maharaja who occupied the throne from 1843 to 1849
Treaty of Amritsar 25.04.1809
till its annexation by the British.
Treaty signed between Metcalfe & Ranjit Singh
British Governor General Lord Minto BATTLES FOUGHT IN FIRST ANGLO 1845-46
Popular Name Sher-e-Punjab
Also Called Napoleon of East Sr. Name of When Where Sikh forces Victor
Total area of Empire 1,40,000 square miles No. Battle led by
(appx. 225000 sq.kms) 1. Battle of Mudki 18.12.1845 Mudki Lal Singh British
2. Battle of 21.12.1845 Feroze- Lal Singh & British
Ferozeshehar shehar Teja Singh
Situation after Maharaja Ranjit Singh
After the Maharaja’s death, there was confusion in 3. Battle of 21.01.1846 Baddowal Ranjodh The
Baddowal Singh Majithia Sikhs
Punjab as the administration of the kingdom passed
from one hand to the other. 4. Battle of Aliwal 28.01.1846 Aliwal Ranjodh British
Singh
The British sensed an opportunity and started 5. Battle of 10.02.1846 Sabroan Lal Singh + British
interfering in the affairs of the empire. This led to a Sabraon Teja Singh &
series of wars with the Sikh empire. Sham Singh
Attariwala
In the first set of wars called the First Anglo Sikh War,
the Lahore Durbar was humbled and Maharaja Dalip Though Rani Jindan, through Maharaja Dalip Singh,
Singh, who was just five years old that time, was was the ruler of Punjab, the ‘de facto’ power lay in the
appointed the king but with reduced armies and powers. hands of the British. The Sikhs resented this
arrangement, and it led to another set of wars between
them called the 2nd Anglo Sikh Wars.
SUCCESSORS OF MAHARAJA RANJIT SINGH
The British won the war and on March 29, 1849 the ten
Kharak Singh year old ruler of Lahore was made to sign the document
The eldest son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Kharak Singh whereby he abdicated in favour of British and renounced
succeeded him. He was a weak ruler and faced his claim on the empire.
opposition from his brother Sher Singh.
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BATTLES FOUGHT IN SECOND Langar Pratha: Wherever the guru travelled, Mata Khivi,
ANGLO-SIKH WAR (1848-49) wife of the second Guru Angad Dev Ji, provided food
(langar) to the gathering. Though the institution of
Name of When Where Sikh Victor langar had started during the time of Guru Nanak, it
Sr. Battle forces led gained currency during the second Guru Angad Dev Ji.
No. by It was during the tenure of the third Guru Amar Das Ji
1. Battle of 22.09.1848 Ramnagar Sher Sikh that the system was formalised, uniting the community
Ramnagar Singh Forces by establishing two key concepts:
Attariwala
2. Battle of 13.01.1849 Chillianwala Sher Sikh • Pangat – All human beings equal, all of them should
Chillianwala Singh Forces sit in a row without discrimination or consideration of
Attariwala rank.
3. Battle of 22.01.1849 Multan, Mul Raj British
Multan Presently in Forces • Sangat – The congregation of people to utter the name
Pakistan of one God.
4. Battle of 21.02.1849 Gujarat Chattur British
Gujarat Presently in Singh & Forces Manji System: (Established by Guru Amar Das Ji):
Pakistan Sher Guru Amar Dass Ji selected 22 devoted followers to
Singh spread the message of Guru Nanak across the country
Attariwala and also to provide spiritual guidance.

The Kohinoor diamond which was acquired by Maharaja Each such place where they established their
Ranjit Singh from the Afghan price Shah Shuja was headquarters was known as ‘manji’. They were also
taken away by the British. He was exiled to Britain. responsible for the management of ‘offerings’ by the
Punjab was annexed to British India. ‘sangat’, which was to be used for langar and the
balance, after meeting the expenses, was supposed to be
Dalip Singh had Christian tutors who groomed him in a passed on to the Guru’s golak at Goindwal Sahib.
way that he adopted Christianity. But later on, he
converted back to his old religion and became a Sikh. Masand System: Those given the authority to manage
However, he was never allowed to return to India. the religious places and also to give ‘charanamrit' to the
followers were called ‘masands'. They started misusing
MAJOR EVENTS ASSOCIATED their power and started their own sects. Guru Gobind
Singh abolished this system.
WITH SIKHISM
Udasis by Guru Nanak Dev Ji: Guru Nanak Dev Ji Miri Piri: This concept was started by the sixth guru
undertook four journeys in four different directions - Hargobind Ji after the sacrifice of his father Guru Arjun
North, East, West and South. He is believed to have Dev Ji. He donned two kirpans, one to symbolise the
travelled more than 28,000 Kms during major world concept of ‘Miri or Temporal Authority' and the second to
tours during the period 1500-1524. These journeys are symbolise the concept of ‘Piri or Spiritual Authority'.
known as ‘Udasis’
The torture and execution of Guru Arjan Dev by emperor
Jahangir was a turning point in the history of Sikhs. The
First Haridwar, Assam, Orissa, Bengal, movement entered a militant phase with the guru
(towards East) met Chaitna Mahaprabhu and advising his followers to keep the sword to protect their
1500-1506 Pandit Chatardas religious beliefs.
Second Sagaldeep (Sri Lanka), met king He fought many battles with the mughal forces and won
(towards South) Shiv Nabh of Sagaldeep: Barma, all of them. It boosted the morale of his followers who
1506-1513 Indore, Hyderabad, Golkunda, were now more than willing to take to arms.
Madras, Pondicherry,
Rameshwaram, Somnath, Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib: During the
Dwaraka, Talwandi reign of Aurangzeb, the Muslim fundamentalist forces
Third Kangra, Jawalaji, Mandi, Kashmir, started forcing Hindus to convert to Islam. Kashmiri
(towards North) Kailash Parvat, Mansarovar, Tibet Pandits led by Pandit Kirpa Ram approached Guru Tegh
1514-1518 (Lhasa) Bahadur Sahib (at Anandpur Sahib) to intercede with
Fourth Mecca Medina, Jerusalem, the king on their behalf. He travelled to Delhi, where he
(towards West) Damascus, Bagdad, Hasanabdal was asked to convert or face death. He preferred the
1519-1521 (Panja Sahib) latter and was beheaded at Chandni Chowk. Along with
Mardana accompanied Guru Nanak in 1st and 4th Udasi him, Bhai Mati Das, Bhai Sati Das and Bhai Dayala were
only. also executed.

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Birth of Khalsa: On the day of Baisakhi i.e. 13th April CHAPTER – 2

1699, Guru Gobind Singh called the Sikhs to congregate
at Anandpur Sahib. He announced the formation of a CULTURE
new religion – ‘khalsa' and called upon his followers to
wear five symbols, all beginning with the letter- ‘k'; Kesh, Punjab is more famous for its agriculture than its
Karra, Kangha, Kachcha and Kirpan. culture. The reasons are obvious. In the late sixties and
early seventies, Punjab becomes the ‘grain bowl' of the
Guru Granth Sahib: Just before his death, Guru Gobind country, and as a result, India became self-reliant in
Singh, in October 1708 asked his followers to fetch the food production.
Sri Granth Sahib. He instructed that henceforth, Guru
Granth Sahib is the ‘guru’, thus ending the concept of However, Punjab is a land of rich traditions. Because of
living gurus. regular invasions from West and Central Asia, its
traditions whether in respect of food habits, clothing or
DASAM GRANTH: it is also known as Dasven Padshah art have acquired and absorbed different hues.
da Granth. It contains the hymns (bani) composed by
Guru Gobind Singh. However, the historians dispute the
fact that all hymns in Dasam Granth are composed by RELIGION & CASTE
the Guru. The Granth has not been given the status of
Guru as provided to Guru Granth Sahib. However, at Before partition, Punjab was a Muslim-dominated area
Nanded, it is placed alongside Sri Guru Granth Sahib. with Hindus and Sikhs forming a large minority.
The Muslims accounted for around 53% of the total
FIVE TAKHTS population, with the Hindus constituting around 29%,
the Sikhs15%, the Christians 2% with the others
Sri Akal Takht Amritsar, Punjab
accounting for the rest 1%. After partition, the Eastern
Sri Damdama Sahib (called Talwandi Sabo, Punjab which was later re-christened Punjab in 1950,
Guru-ki-Kashi) Bathinda, Punjab was now a Hindu-dominated state with the Sikhs being
Sri Keshgarh Sahib Anandpur Sahib, Punjab the largest minority. In the present-day Punjab, the
Sri Patna Sahib Patna, Bihar Sikhs are in the majority while the Hindus are the
Sri Hazoor Sahib Nanded Sahib, largest minority, though Muslims and Christians also
Maharashtra live-in harmony in the state.
According to the Socio-economic caste census of 2011,
the demographic data of the state is as under:

Religion Percentage
The Sikhs 57.69
Hindus 38.49
Muslims 1.93
Christians 1.26
Jains 0.16

Though the Sikhs do not believe in casteism, the practice

is quite pervasive among them.
The following reformist movements among various
religions played a great role in lowering the caste
barriers:
• Ahmadiya movement among Muslims
• Arya Samaj among Hindus
• Singh Sabha movement in The Sikhs
But the caste system is so deeply rooted in the people’s
psyche that it simply refuses to go. The Jats, who were
themselves considered to be of low caste, joined the Sikh
fold in big numbers and gained the top position in the
Sikh hierarchy because of economic prosperity.
As per the 2011 census, the Scheduled Castes constitute
16.6% of the Indian population while the population of
Scheduled Tribes is 8.6%. Punjab has the highest
percentage of Scheduled Castes population; 31.9 per
cent of the state's total number. It does not have any
Scheduled Tribe population.
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SCHEDULED SCHEDULED OFFICIAL LANGUAGE OF STATE

CASTES TRIBES Punjabi was declared as the official language of the state
India 16.6% 8.6% by a law passed by the State legislature in the year
Punjab 31.9% 0% 1967. Mr Lachman Singh Gill, the Chief Minister of the
state, got the law passed and issued instructions to
There are 37 Scheduled Castes notified in Punjab. As per enforce it strictly in the state.
the 2001 census, around 75.7% of the SC population in
the state was living in rural areas. DISTINCT DIALECTS:
A language may be spoken in different ways in different
areas. Similarly, Punjabi also has different dialects
LANGUAGE & LITERATURE which are characteristic of a particular area.
The major dialects of Punjabi in the present day Punjab
Punjabi is said to have evolved from ‘Shauraseni
are:
apabhramsa’. It is said that some traces of ‘prakrits’,
especially ‘pali' and other proto-Indo-Aryan and pre-
indo-aryan languages also appear in Punjabi phonology DIALECT AREA
and morphology. Majhi Amritsar, Gurdaspur
Doabi Jalandhar and Hoshiarpur area
In the ‘pre-Guru Nanak’ era, ‘nathas’ and ‘jogis' were Pwadi Kharar, Ropar, Kural, Nurpur Bedi,
very active in Punjab, and their compositions were in Morinda Rajpura and Samrala.
‘apabhramsa’ and the language of the people. Gradually, Malwi Ludhiana, Ambala, Bhatinda,
the language of the common people replaced the GangaNagar, Malerkotla, Fazilka and
apabhramsa and manifested itself as ‘sant-bhasha’. This Ferozpur, Hissar and Sirsa area
language became popular with the saints who travelled
from one place to another, further popularising the PUNJABI WRITERS WHO HAVE WON NATIONAL
language. AWARDS
It emerged as an independent language in the 12 th
century with Fariduddin Ganjshakar, generally known
JNANPITH AWARDS:
as ‘Sheikh Farid’ (1173-1266), who used this language of
These awards are given for life time contribution to
the population to compose his teachings. The language
Indian literature.
flourished when the Sikh gurus used it predominantly to
• Amrita Pritam in 1981
compose their verses. The earliest known text of Punjabi
• Gurdial Singh in 1999
is called ‘Janam sakhis' of Guru Nanak by his disciple
Bala. It is said to have been written after the death of SARASWATI SAMMAN:
Guru Nanak Dev Ji at the instance of Guru Angad Dev • Harbhajan Singh: 1994 for ‘Rukh te Rishi’
Ji. • Dalip Kaur Tiwana:2001 for ‘Katha Kaho Urvashi’
The second Sikh guru gave the language its script which • Surjit Patar: 2009 for ‘Lafzan di Dargah’
is known as ‘gurmukhi’.
SOME IMPORTANT BOOKS
SCRIPTS OF PUNJABI
There are at present two variants of this language. In Book Author
one variety, Punjabi is written in the ‘arabian’ script. Kaffian Bulle Shah
This script is followed in the present day western Chandi di War Guru Gobind Singh
Pakistan and is known as ‘lehnda variety’ (lehnda means Chandanwadi Dhani Ram Chatrik
‘west'). This type, written in the Arabic script, and is also
Kissa Puran Bhagat Qadaryaar
called ‘shahmukhi’ script.
Rana Surat Singh Bhai Veer Singh
The other script is called ‘gurmukhi’, which was devised Sundri Bhai Veer Singh
by the second Sikh Guru Angad Dev for scriptural use. It Lehar Hulare Bhai Veer Singh
is now followed in the eastern Punjab or the present day Save Patar Prof. Mohan Singh
Punjab in India. Kagaj Te Kanvas Amrita Pritam
This language is spoken by more than ten crore people Luna Shiv Kumar
all over the world. It is the 9th most spoken language in Chhita Lahoo Nanak Singh
the world and is the most widely spoken language in
Pavitar Paapi Nanak Singh
Pakistan, 11th most widely spoken in India and the 3rd
Jungnama Shah Mohamad
most spoken language in the United Kingdom and
Canada. Marhi da Deeva Gurdial Singh
It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is Rasidi Ticket Amrita Pritam
the first official language of the Indian state of Punjab. In
Pakistan, Punjabi has not been granted official status at
the national level, though it is the most spoken language
in the largest province of Punjab (Pakistan).
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LOVE BALLADS 3) Singh Sabha Movement: In response to the actions

Heer Ranjha Damodar of the Arya Samaj and the Christian missionaries,
Heer Ranjha Waris Shah prominent personalities decided to constitute the
Singh Sabha on October 1, 1873. Thakur Singh was
Sasi Punnu Hashim Shah
its President and Gyani Gyan Singh, its secretary.
Sohni Mahiwal Fazal Shah
Mirza Sahiban Hafiz Barkhudar 4) Arya Samaj Movement: This movement was
Mirza Sahiban Peelu founded by Swami Dayanand Sarasvati in the then
RELIGIOUS VERSES Bombay in 1875. The most distinctive feature of
Asa di Vaar Guru Nank Dev ji Arya Samaj was the Shudhi movement, which
Japji Sahib Guru Nank Dev ji means the reconversion of those Hindus who had
Sidh Gosht Guru Nank Dev ji once been willingly or forcibly converted to other
Barah Mah Guru Nank Dev ji religions but were now willing to come back into
Anand Sahib Guru Amar Dass ji Hinduism.
Lavaan Guru Ram Dass ji 5) Dev Samaj Movement: This movement was
Sukhmani Sahib Guru Arjun Dev ji founded in 1877 at Lahore by Shiv Narayan
Jaap Sahib Guru Gobind Singh ji Agnihotri. It emphasised the eternity of the soul,
Savaiye Guru Gobind Singh ji the supremacy of the Guru and the need for real
Dasam Granth Guru Gobind Singh ji action.
Zafar Nama Guru Gobind Singh ji 6) Ahmadia Movement: It is also known as Qadiani
Some Other Religious Texts movement. It was founded by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
Kafian Bulleh Shah (1837-1908) at Qadian in Punjab, towards the end
Kafian Shah Hussain of the 19th century. The aim of the campaign was to
reform Islam and to defend it against the
onslaughts of Christian missionaries and the Arya
NANAKSAHI CALENDAR Samajists.

For the most part of its history, Sikhs have been using 7) Gurudwara Reform Movement: This movement
traditional Vikrami calendar, shared with the Hindus in came to prominence in the 1920s. The main aim of
the north. A Canadian scholar Pal Singh Purewal has the Akalis was to control the management of the
suggested a new solar ‘nanakshahi’ calendar, which Sikh gurudwaras or shrines by removing the
takes its name from the first Sikh Guru Nanak Dev. The corrupt and selfish mahants. This movement
SGPC adopted this calendar in 2003. However, some resulted in the formation of the Shiromani
Sikh festivals are celebrated at the same time with Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee in 1920 and
Hindu festivals such as Diwali and Hola Mohalla and the passage of the Sikh Gurudwara Act, 1925.
their dates have been adopted as per the Vikrami 8) Punjabi Suba Movement: In the 1950s and 1960s,
calendar. a nationwide movement of linguistic groups seeking
statehood resulted in a massive reorganisation of
The epoch of this calendar is the birth of the first Sikh states. The Punjab was not divided by this formula.
Guru Nanak Dev in 1469. According to this calendar, the The Akalis led a movement called ‘Punjabi suba'
first day of the New Year falls on March 14. movement which led to the division of Punjab on
the linguistic basis. The Hindi speaking southern
However, the SGPC has again made some changes to the areas of Punjab were carved out of Punjab to create
original ‘nanakshahi calendar’, bringing it closer to the Haryana in 1966.
earlier Vikrami calendar in many aspects. 9) Anandpur Sahib Resolution: In 1973, Akali Dal
adopted a resolution demanding that Central
VARIOUS MOVEMENTS IN PUNJAB Government should grant autonomy to state
governments in all areas except currency defence
and foreign relations. The subsequent governments
1) Nirankari Movement: Founded by Baba Dayal called this resolution a secessionist ploy on the part
Das. He called for a return of Sikhism to its origins of the Akali Dal. The differences on this issue
and emphasised the worship of God as Nirankar became the main cause of Dharam Yudh Morcha by
(formless). the Akalis.

2) Naamdhari Movement: Baba Ram Singh founded 10) Dharam Yudh Morcha: In August 1982, the Akali
this movement. He was a disciple of Balak Singh of Dal under the leadership of Harchand Singh
the Kuka movement. The Namdharis played a Longowal launched the Dharam Yudh Morcha or
significant role in Indian freedom movement and the battle for righteousness. The major issues
the cow protection movement. raised by the Morcha were:
i. Transfer of Chandigarh to Punjab
ii. Transfer of Punjabi speaking areas to Punjab.
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 PUNJAB GK

• The Morcha resulted in the start of militancy in

Punjab which led to ‘Blue Star Operation' on
FOLK DANCES OF PUNJAB
Harmandir Sahib and later the murder of Indira
Gandhi, Prime Minister of India. The famous folk dances of Punjab are:
• The government of India and Akali Dal led by • Bhangra for men
Harchand Singh Logowal signed an agreement on • Gidha for women
24.07.1985, which is popularly known as the
‘Rajiv-Longowal Accord’. This accord was not Apart from Bhangra, the other dance formats practised
acceptable to militant leaders and became the by men in Punjab are jhoomer, luddi, julli and dankara.
cause of assassination of Sh. Harchand Singh For women, kikli is another popular form of dance and
Longowal. celebration.

FOOD HABITS FESTIVALS

The staple diet of Punjabis is wheat and cereals. They TRADITIONAL FESTIVALS
are known for their passion for rich, fried food. Punjab The festivals are popular occasions for social interaction
tops in the consumption of milk and milk products. and enjoyment and the Punjabis celebrate them with
Paranthas, Naans and rotis made of wheat flour and gusto.
corn flour constitute their main food. In winter, Maki-di-
roti and sarson-ka-saag are considered a delicacy and • Baisakhi: Baisakhi is celebrated in the month of
are also famous world-wide. In respect of non-vegetarian April after the harvesting of wheat, which is the
food, mutton in the form of ‘rogan josh' is their favourite major crop here and also the staple diet of the
dish. Chicken Tikka is a specific Punjabi novelty, and it people. This festival acquired further boost with
is one of the most famous cuisines in many foreign the creation of ‘khalsa’ by Guru Gobind Singh on
countries. this day in 1699 at Anandpur Sahib.
• Lohri: Lohri is seasonal festival marking the end
ART & CRAFT of winter and is celebrated with bonfire at night.

• Maghi: This festival is celebrated just the day after

• Phulkari: The most popular craft in Punjab is
Lohri. This festival commemorates the heroic fight
‘Phulkari’, which is a form of embroidery, the
of ‘chali mukte’, who sacrificed their life to save
whereby flowery patterns of silken thread are made
the life of Guru Gobind Singh.
with a high degree of skill in geometrical designs. It
is of two types :
• Rakhri: On this day sisters tie decorated threads
called ‘rakhi or rakhri’ at the wrist of their brother
Bagh: The whole cloth is covered with
and brother vow to protect their sisters.
embroidery.
Chope: The flowery patterns are at a distance
• Tikka: It is celebrated a day after Diwali, and on
from each other.
this day women put a ‘tika' on forehead of their
This form of embroidery is said to have originated in brothers to protect them from evils.
Iran, and the immigrants are said to have brought it
to Punjab. • Some other traditional festivals
Major Centre: Patiala i) Makkar Sakranti
ii) Basant Panchmi
• Pidhis: These are small four legged, woven, wooden iii) Jarag Da Mela
stools of daily use. These are getting outdated for iv) Roshani Da Mela (Jagraon)
people are now adopting modern ways of life. Even v) Chhapaar Da Mela
rural areas have taken to sofas and tables in their RELIGIOUS FESTIVALS
daily life.
Major Centre: Kartarpur DIWALI
This festival marks the return of Lord Ram from exile
• Durries: These are cotton spreads used to spread on after his victory over Ravana. The festival is celebrated
the bed or the floor. by Hindus and Sikhs alike with the lighting of earthen
Major Centre: Patiala. lamps at night. For Sikhs, the day holds its importance
to the fact that on this day Guru Hargobind Sahib
• Jutties: These are foot wear items, used by both reached Amritsar after his release from Gwalior. This day
men and women. These are decorated with silken is celebrated as ‘Bandi Chor Diwas’.
embroidery to give them an elegant look. Patiala and
Abohar are the major juttie-producing centres.

• Dolls: These are crafted and dressed all over Punjab.

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 PUNJAB GK

GURPURABS RABAB is a lute-like musical instrument originating

The gurpurabs are celebrated by the Sikhs to express from central Afghanistan. Though it is national
their reverence for their gurus. Major gurpurabs instrument of Afghanistan, this instrument was used by
celebrated by Sikhs are: Mardana, the first disciple of Guru Nanak who was his
• Birthday of Guru Nanak Dev ji , the first Sikh Guru constant companion and played it to the ‘hymns’
in the month of Katak and composed by the guru. It became an essential
• Birthday of Guru Gobind Singh Ji in the month of component of Punjabi hymns, though it is constructed
Poh (December-January). differently.
• Birth of Khalsa – Baisakhi in the month of April
every year DHOL: The dhol is a barrel-shaped wooden drum with
skin mounted on both sides. It is played with two
OTHER MAJOR GURPURABS different types of wooden sticks.
• Shahidi Diwas - Guru Arjan Dev Ji
• Shahidi Diwas – Guru Tegh Bahadur DHAD: Dhad is a small instrument of the Damru style.
• Jor Mela – Chamkaur Sahib This instrument has been very popular with the
• Jor Mela – Fatehgarh Sahib Dhadies, who sing traditional ballads of brave warriors
• Mela Maghi – Muktsar Sahib and heroes drawn from history.
HOLI AND HOLA MOHALLA
Holi a traditional spring festival of colours is celebrated CHIMTA: This instrument consists of two long, flat
all over northern India. The Sikh community in Punjab pieces of iron with pointed ends, and rings mounted on
observes Holla Mohalla a day after Holi, at Anandpur it. The joint is held in one hand, while the two parts are
Sahib.Apart from these, many other religious and struck with each other to produce tinkling sounds.
traditional festivals like Dussehra, Ram-Naumi, Krishna Chimta has become popular in professional singing and
Janmashtami, Teejan, etc. are also celebrated in Punjab. devotional music in temples.

COSTUMES SARANGI: It is wooden instrument about two feet long,

cut from a single log covered with parchment. This is
The climate of the area being varied, people prefer to used for accompaniment by artists and is an ideal
wear cotton clothes, for it keeps them cool in summer instrument to produce different kinds of notes.
and warm in winter. Men prefer to wear long Kurta
(shirt) with trousers. A unique identification of a Sikh BUGDU: This is a stringed instrument made of dried
man is his turban and beard. gourd (Ghia). A piece of skin is mounted on one side of
The women of the state mostly wear ‘salwar kameez’ the hollowed gourd while the other side is kept open.
along with a dupatta (long stole). The dupatta or the long
stole is getting lost in modernity, with modern girls ALGOZA: Algoza consists of a pair of wooden flutes. It is
taking to shorts and jeans like never before. also called Jori (a pair) and is played by one person
using only three fingers on each side. Folk singers of
MUSIC & DANCE Punjab use this in their traditional legend singing like
Mirza, Chhalla, Jugni, etc. The instrument is also used
COMMON PUNJABI FOLK DANCES
as an accompaniment with folk dances.
MALES
• Bhangra • Malwai Giddha
• Jhumar • Gatka ORNAMENTS OF PUNJAB
• Jalli • Dhamal
• Dankara HEAD ORNAMENTS
COMMON PUNJABI FOLK DANCES Men’s
FEMALES Sarpesh – The jewelled ornament worn in front
• Sammi • Giddha of the turban,
• Jaago • Kikli Kalgi – Plume in a bejewelled setting.
• Luddi Mukat – A head dress worn by the Hindus at
weddings.
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS Turah – Tassels of pearls worn on the turban.
GHARHA: The simple earthen pitcher serves as a
musical instrument in many folk songs. The Gharah Women’s
player strikes its outer sides with rings worn on the Sisphul, Chaunk or Choti Phul – A cone like
fingers of one hand and also plays on its open hand to ornament worn on the hair over the forehead.
produce a distinct, rhythmic beat. Mauli – A long chain made of rows of pearls
TOOMBA: Toomba is a famous folk instrument of separated by jewelled studs, about 8 inches long
Punjab, which is entirely based on Iktara (single- hanging from the head on one side.
stringed instrument), used by the legendary singers. Sir Mang – a pendant worn on the head by the
Toomba is made of wooden sticks mounted with a Hindus.
Toomba or wooden resonator covered with skin.
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 PUNJAB GK

ORNAMENTS WORN ON THE FOREHEAD Champakali – A necklace like a collar with

pendants.
Women Jugni – A single jewelled pendant, hanging from
Tika –Worn on the forehead which hangs from a necklace of silk.
the middle of the head with a chain (pendant). Silwatta – An amulet case, shaped like a small
Chand Bina – A moon-shaped pendant. gold pillow or bolster, with two rings suspended
Tawit – Small amulets worn on the forearm. from it.
Jhumar – A tassel shaped ornament or pendant.
Bindi – Small, tinsel forehead ornament. ARM ORNAMENTS

EAR ORNAMENTS Bazuband – A broad, belt-like ornament mounted on silk

and tied on the upper arm.
Men’s Nauratan – Almost like bazuband, the ornament
Bala – Very large ear ring worn by Khatris, consists of a band of nine gems, which are set side by
Sikhsand Dogras. side and tied by silk ties.
Murki – Smaller earrings of the same shape. Taviz – An amulet worn on the upper arm.

Women’s BRACELETS
Bali-A set of rings worn on the edge of the ear.
Bali Bahaduri – It has a largely pointed stud in Men’s
the centre. Ponchi – A series of strings of shells or small,
Karnphul and Jhumka – All forms of tassel like gold
ornaments, made with silver chains and little elongated beads worn on the wrist.
balls. Kangan or Kara or Gokru – A bracelet of stiff
Kantala – A similar ornament like papal-watta metal; when the edges are serrated, it is called
but this has a stud beside the pendant. gokru.

NOSE ORNAMENTS
Women’s
Women’s Ponchain – Worn on the wrist. Several
Nath – A large nose ring, one side of ring being categories - called kutbi, chuha-dandi (the beads
ornamented with a belt of jewels or a few pearls like a rat's teeth), iliachi-dana (like cardamom
hung on to it. grains) etc.
Bulak – A small pendant either worn hung to Kangan – Worn on the wrist; are generally of
the cartilage of the nose, or else strung to a gold.
nath. Banka – Thick gold bracelets, mostly used by
Morni – A small pendant shaped like the spread the Hindus.
out tail of a peacock. Gajra – A flexible bracelet made of square gold
Laung – A small stud let into the flesh of the studs mounted on a silk band.
nostril on one side, generally of gold, with a Churi - Of several varieties; generally made of a
pearl or turquoise on it. flat ribbon of gold or silver, bent, round.
Phuli – A small ring with a single emerald, or
other stone of an oval shape, as a pendant. FINGER RINGS
NECKLACES AND NECK ORNAMENTS Anguthi – A ring set with stones also called
mundri.
Men’s Chhalla – A plain loop ring, with or without
Mala – A necklace of large beads handing down stones, made of gold or silver. Challas are worn
long and loose. on the toe also.
Kanth-Kanthi – This fits rather close to the
neck, the pendant may be omitted. This is also ANKLETS
worn by women. Panzeb – Ankle ornaments made with chains
Takhti – A flat square plate engraved with and pendants of silver, which clink together
figures etc. when the wearer walks.
Zanjiri – A set of chains. Jhanjar – A large hollow ring, which rattles
when the wearer walks.
Women’s Ghungru – A ring or ankle of long ornamental
Chandanhar – A collar or necklace of a great beads of silver worn on the feet.
number of chains. Janjiri – A set of chains with broad clasp, also
Mala – A plain necklace of pearls or gold bead, known as tora.
hanging down long.

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 PUNJAB GK

CHAPTER – 3 MUSEUM OF ARMOURY & CHANDELIERS, QILA

MUBARAK, PATIALA
PLACES The Darbar Hall contains rare cannons, swords, shields
and maces, daggers of Guru Gobind Singh Ji, the sword
of Nadar Shah, etc. It also has a rich collection of
HISTORICAL PLACES IN PUNJAB chandeliers from Europe, making it one of the best
collections in the world.
MUSEUMS
Many museums are spread over Punjab, which have an ART GALLERY AT SHISH MAHAL, PATIALA
extensive range of paintings and sculptures by A rare collection of miniature paintings in Kangra,
contemporary Indian artists as well as a collection of Rajasthan and Patiala styles are on display here. There
Indian miniatures of the Mughal, Rajasthani, Pahari and is a special section on Tibetan Arts and Artifacts. It's
Sikh schools. These museums have an excellent Medal Gallery contains the world’s largest collection of
collection of medals, arms and armours, objects of medals and decorations.
princely states, tribal and folk arts depicting different
patterns of Art and Culture. SPORTS MUSEUM, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF
SPORTS, PATIALA
VIRASAT-E-KHALSA
This museum is situated in Old Moti Bagh Palace and
This museum has been established at Anandpur Sahib,
contains rare photographs, medals and kits of great
adjoining Gurdwara Keshgarh Sahib. This project was
Indian sportsmen.
conceived on the 300th anniversary of the establishment
of Khalsa and showcases the history of Sikhs-based on
GURU TEG BAHADUR MUSEUM, ANANDPUR SAHIB
the scriptures written by the tenth and last guru, Sri This museum depicts the saga of Sikh history. I'ts
Guru Gobind Singh ji. paintings have been done by the leading contemporary
FATEH BURJ artists of Punjab.
Punjab government has constructed a Tower named as
Fateh Burj which at 328 feet is higher than Qutab Minar KUKA MEMORIAL, LUDHIANA
which stands at nearly 238 feet. On 14th June 1871, the Kukas entered the Amritsar
The tower is dedicated to the memory of Sikh warrior slaughterhouse and freed the cows after murdering the
Baba Banda Singh Bahadur, who defeated Mughal butchers. In retaliation, the British government
forces led by Wazir Khan, nawab of Sirhind. The prosecuted and awarded capital punishment to 12
memorial also has six mounds with the statues of Banda innocent Hindus and Sikhs. The Kukas, on the advice of
Singh Bahadur and his five generals – Fateh Singh, Aali their Guru, confessed their involvement and surrendered
Singh, Mali Singh, Baj Singh and Ram Singh. to the authorities.
MAHARAJA RANJIT SINGH MUSEUM, AMRITSAR A memorial was then built in the memory of Giani
The summer palace of the erstwhile king, Maharaja Rattan Singh and Sant Rattan Singh, who was hanged
Ranjit Singh has been converted into a beautiful in public and others who were sent to Kaalapani Prison
museum. It is surrounded by a garden known as Ram in the Andamans.
Bagh. The museum displays objects related to Maharaja
Ranjit Singh such as his arms and armour, outstanding SARDAR BHAGAT SINGH MUSEUM
paintings and old, coins and manuscripts. It is situated around 55 kilometres from Jalandhar, at
Khatkar Kalan, on the Nawanshahar-Banga road. The
SANGHOL MUSEUM, FATEHGARH SAHIB
museum displays the belongings of the revolutionary
This museum is situated on the Chandigarh-Ludhiana
martyrs of the Punjab, who laid down their lives for the
road (around 40 kms from Chandigarh). It is a repository
liberation of their motherland.
of archaeological finds of Punjab’s ancient civilisation.
One of the most famous monuments here is a Stupa
SHAHID BHAGAT SINGH MEMORIAL
with a Buddhist monastery, dating back to the 1st and
Situated in Ferozepur, it has been built to commit to
the 2nd Centuries A.D.
memory the great heroes – Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and
Sukhdev – who sacrificed their lives for the freedom of
ANGLO SIKH WAR MEMORIAL, FEROZEPUR
the nation.
Situated 30 Kms away from Ferozepur, the museum
stands witness to some of the fiercest battles fought PALACES
between the Sikhs and the British during the Anglo Sikh
wars. SUMMER PALACE OF MAHARAJA RANJIT SINGH,
AMRITSAR
GOVT. MUSEUM, HOSHIARPUR This palace was built during the reign of Maharaja Ranjit
At this museum, the fossils and rare sculptures collected Singh under the supervision of Fakir Azeez-ud-din,
from the archaeological site of Dholbaha, dating back to Sardar Lehna Singh and Sardar Desa Singh Majithia at
the Stone Age, are displayed. cost of 1,25,000 Nanak Shahi Sikkas (the currency of
the time).
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 PUNJAB GK

MOTI BAGH PALACE, PATIALA BAHIA FORT

The Qila (fort) was also the residence of the Patiala In 1754 AD, it was captured by Maharaj Ala Singh of
dynasty. The residential part was called Qila Androon or Patiala. A small gurdwara commemorates the visit of Sri
the Inner Fort. It's living apartments have names like Guru Gobind Singh Ji here.
Jail Walla Palace for royal prisoners, the Moti (pearl)
BAHADURGARH FORT
Palace, the Shish (mirror work) Palace, the Rajmata
It is situated around six kms from Patiala. It was initially
(Queen Mother) Palace, the Palace of Colours and the
founded by Nawab Saif Khan in 1658. The present fort
Palace of the Moon. The recreational structures were
was built by Maharaja Karam Singh of Patiala in 1837.
called the Putli (Puppet) Ghar and Bagh Ghar or the
Garden House. Its richly painted chambers are peerless. QILA MUBARAK, FARIDKOT FORT
Situated 30 Kms south of Ferozepur, this fort is about
THE SHISH MAHAL, PATIALA
800 years old. The old fort was built by Raja Mokulsi on
This palace, built in the reign of Maharaja Narinder
a squarish piece of land, measuring more than 10 acres.
Singh (1845 – 1862), was ensconced in a forest. It has
It is reputed for its hall of mirrors and paintings called
fantastic terraces, gardens, fountains and an artificial
‘Sheesh Mahal’ built in the Rajasthani style. These were
lake that is connecting to Banasar Ghar, where all types
actually prayer rooms of the ruling families.
of stuffed animals are kept. There are two watch towers
in the north and the south. Shish Mahal is connected SHAHPUR KANDI FORT, PATHANKOT
with a suspension bridge, like the Lakshman Jhula at It is situated on the left bank of the River Ravi in
Rishikesh. Shahpur, around seven kms from Pathankot. This fort
was built by Bhai Bhao Singh who named the fort after
OTHER PALACES the emperor Shah Jahan. Located near the fort are some
The best and the most impressive palace in Punjab was Muslim tombs and a mosque.
that of the ex-ruler of Kapurthala, which has now been GOBINDGARH FORT, AMRITSAR
converted into a Sainik School. The palaces in Nabha This early 19th-century fort was built by Maharaja
and Faridkot are not open to the public. Ranjit Singh. The fort housed Gen Dyer during the
British Raj. General Dyer got an execution house
FORTS constructed in front of his bungalow and witnessed the
QILA MUBARAK COMPLEX execution of prisoners from his house. This execution
The Qila Mubarak situated in Patiala comprises a unique house, called Phansi Ghar, still stands there acting as a
structure and is an outstanding example of the Sikh witness to the bygone era.
Palace architecture. It is situated on a 10-acre complex
and was built by Baba Ala Singh (1695-1765), the BATHINDA FORT
founder of the Patiala dynasty in 1763. Initially, it was This fort is said to be 1800 years old. This imposing fort
built as a mud fortress but was later reconstructed was built by Raja Dab, during the early centuries of the
using baked bricks. The inner portion of the Quila, Kushan era.
known as Quila Androon was built by Maharaja Amar In 1745 AD, this fort was captured by Maharaja Ala
Singh, who ascended the throne after Baba Ala Singh. Singh of Patiala. The tenth Guru of the Sikhs, Guru
This fort was also the abode of the Patiala dynasty. The Gobind Singh also visited this fort, and a small
housing part was called Qila Androon or the Inner Fort. Gurudwara commemorates his visit.
The fort is divided into the following parts according to
their functionality: HISTORICAL GURUDWARAS
Qila Androon Rang or Sheesh Mahal
Ran-Baas Darbar Hall AMRITSAR CIRCUIT
Jalau Khana Sard Khana Harmandir Sahib or Golden Temple Amritsar: With a
Lassi Khana Shahi Samadhan part of the land granted by Emperor Akbar, the
ANANDPUR SAHIB FORT foundation stone of this gurudwara was laid by a Muslim
This brick fort was built by Guru Gobind Singh Ji, the Sufi Saint, Mian Mir.
tenth Sikh Guru. Anandpur Sahib was defended by five
forts, but all of them were ravaged by wars at different Taran Tarn: This town was founded by Guru Arjan Dev
times. The central fort of Anandgarh Sahib is still extant ji and is situated nearly 24 Kms south of Amritsar. He
in parts. Its highlight is the deep well that can be also got constructed an impressive gurudwara with a
approached by a flight of stairs. Every year during the gold plated dome. It has a holy pool also. The guru used
Holi celebrations in March – April, thousands of Sikh to run a leper’s home here.
pilgrims meet here to participate in a fair known as Hola
Mahalla. Khadur Sahib: This town and the gurudwara were
founded by the second Sikh Guru Angad Dev Ji. It is
PHILLAUR FORT, LUDHIANA
situated around 52 km from Amritsar.
Designed by Dewan Mohkam Chand, the brave general
of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, this fort faced the British Goindwal Sahib: This town and the gurudwara were
border along Ludhiana. It houses a Police Training founded the third Guru, Guru Amar Das Ji. The deep
Centre now. well (bauli) in the Gurudwara has 84 steps.
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Baba Bakala: At this place, the 9th Guru Teg Bahadur Guru-ka-Mahal: It was built as the residence of Guru
had revealed himself to Makhan Shah Lubana, a Sikh Teg Bahadur Ji. Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji also stayed
devotee here. here, and his four Sahibjadas (baby sons) were born
here.
Gurudwara Mata Kaulan Sahib or Gurdwara Kaulsar
Sahib: Sacred Sikh shrine on the west of Gurudwara Gurudwara Thara Sahib: It was at this spot in 1675
Baba Atal in Amritsar, Punjab near the main Darbar that a delegation of 15 Kashmiri Brahmans led by Pandit
Sahib at Harmandar Sahib. Kirpa Ram had come to beseech the 9th Guru to save
them from the tyranny of the Mughals, who were forcibly
Gurudwara Sangrana Sahib: Situated on the Taran
converting them to Islam.
Taran Road in Amritsar District. It is the place where
Guru Har Gobind Ji won his first battle, the Battle of Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib: The head of Guru Teg
Amritsar in 1628 and gave a boon of 7 sons to Mata Bahadur who embraced martyrdom in Delhi in 1675 to
Sulakhni Ji. save the Hindu religion, was brought from Kiratpur
Sahib and cremated here.
Gurudwara Baba Deep Singh, Amritsar: The great Sikh
scholar and martyr Baba Deep Singh was mortally Gurudwara Takhat Sri Keshgarh Sahib: This is one of
wounded here when in 1762 the Afghan invader Ahmed the five temporal seats of the Sikhs. Guru Gobind Singh
Shah Abdali ordered the Harmandar Sahib to be blown baptised the Panj Piaras five beloved ones) were here.
up, and the Sacred Tank filled in. Baba Deep Singh, the The Hola Mohalla fair of Anandpur Sahib is very famous.
greatest Sikh scholar of his time, took up the sword on a
mission to restore the sanctity of the Harmandir Sahib. GURUDWARAS IN DELHI AREA
Dera Baba Nanak: (35 Kms west of Gurdaspur) Guru Gurudwara Bangla Sahib: The most prominent Sikh
Nanak Dev Ji spent the last 12 years of his life here. The gurdwara in Delhi, known for its association with the
garments he wore at Mecca are preserved here. eighth Sikh Guru, Guru Har Krishan and the pond
inside its complex, referred to as the “Sarovar”, whose
Gurudwara Ber Sahib, Sultanpur Lodi: This water is considered holy by Sikhs and is known as
Gurudwara is built the place where the First Guru “Amrit”. It was built by a Sikh General, Sardar Baghel
Nanak got enlightenment and created the Mull Mantra Singh in 1783, who supervised the construction of nine
while taking a bath in the river Kali Bein. From Sikh shrines in Delhi in the same year, during the reign
Sultanpur Lodi, he started his famous journeys. of Mughal Emperor Shah Alam.
Sultanpur Lodi in Kapurthala district is readily
The Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib: Built at the site in the
accessible from Jalandhar and Amritsar via Taran Taran
Chandni Chowk area of Old Delhi, where the ninth Sikh
and Goindwal Sahib.
Guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur was beheaded on the orders
of the Mughal emperor in 1675 A.D. by Aurangzeb, for
GURUDWARAS IN THE ROPAR CIRCUIT refusing to convert to Islam.
Gurudwaras at Kiratpur Sahib His body was evacuated under cover of darkness by one
Kiratpur was established in 1627 by the 6th Guru Sri of his disciples, Lakhi Shah Vanjara, who then burnt his
Hargobind Ji. house to cremate the Guru’s body. This place is now
known as Gurudwara Rakab Ganj Sahib. The severed
Gurudwara Charan Kamal: This place is associated with head (“Sis”) of Guru Tegh Bahadur was brought to
the memory of a Muslim saint, Pir Buddan Shah, who Anandpur Sahib by Bhai Jaita, another disciple of the
had offered milk to Guru Nanak Dev and lived up to the Guru and proffered to Guru’s son, Gobind Rai, who
times of Guru Hargobind Sahib. would later assume the name Gobind Singh, the tenth
and the last Guru of the Sikhs.
Gurudwara Shish Mahal Sahib: The 6th Guru had Gurudwara Majnu ka Tila Sahib: It commemorates the
established his residence here. The 7th Guru Sri Guru visit of Guru Nanak, the first Guru and founder of the
Har Rai Ji and the 8th Guru Sri Guru Harkrishan Ji Sikh religion, to Delhi in the early 15th century.
were born here.
Gurudwara Nanak Piao: Situated off the Grand Trunk
Gurudwara Damadama Sahib: The 6th Guru used to road near Azadpur Mandi in Delhi. It is located at the
deliver divine sermons here. place where the first Sikh Guru, Sri Nanak Dev resided
during his visit to Delhi in the year 1505. His Muslim
Gurudwara Sri Takhat Sahib: The 6th and the 7th disciple, Mardana accompanied him.
Gurus were proclaimed Gurus at this spot according to GURUDWARAS IN PAKISTAN
the Sikh traditions. Gurudwara Nankana Sahib: was earlier known as “Rai-
Bhoe-Di-Talwandi’. It is a city in the Pakistani province
Gurudwaras at Anandpur Sahib of Punjab named after the first guru Nanak Dev.
In 1665, the 9th Guru Sri Guru Teg Bahadur had Because Nankana Sahib is the birthplace of Guru Nanak
bought the site of Anandpur Sahib from the Rani of Dev, the central figure in Sikhism, it is a city of high
Bilaspur and established a town earlier known as Chak historical and religious value and is a popular pilgrimage
Nanaki. site for Sikhs from all over the world.
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Nankana Sahib is the most sacred place for the Sikhs, it CHAPTER – 4
being the place of birth of Guru Nanak. At the time of
Guru Nanak’s birth, the town was called Rai Bhoe Di PHYSICAL FEATURES
Talwandi and was also referred to as Raipur.
LOCATION
Gurudwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur: A Gurudwara in
Punjab is extended from the latitudes 29.30 North to
Kartarpur, Narowal District, Pakistan. It is built on the
32.32 North and longitudes 73.55 East to 76.50 East. It
historic site where Guru Nanak Dev Ji died on 23rd
is bounded on the west by Pakistan, on the north by
Assu, Samvat 1596 (22nd Sept. 1529).
Jammu and Kashmir, on the north-east by Himachal
Pradesh and the south by Haryana and Rajasthan. Due
It is also called Dera Nanak Baba.
to a large number of rivers, most of the Punjab is a
fertile plain. The south-east region of the state is semi-
Gurudwara Panja Sahib: The gurdwara is situated
arid and gradually presents a desert landscape. A belt of
around 48 kilometres from Rawalpindi at Hasan Abdal
undulating hills extends along the northeastern part of
and is associated with Guru Nanak. It is said that a
the state at the foot of the Himalayas.
giant rolled a big rock to crush. Guru Nanak stopped the
hurled rock with a push of his hand which left the print
of his hand on the rock. It is one of the holiest places PHYSIOGRAPHY
revered by Sikhs. The present day Punjab is roughly triangular, and it
borders Pakistan on the west, Jammu & Kashmir on the
Gurudwara Dehra Sahib: The place where Guru Arjun north, Himachal Pradesh on the north eastern and east
Dev ji was imprisoned and tortured. It is situated on the and Haryana to its south and south-east. The area is
banks of river Ravi in Lahore. comparatively small - 50,362 sq.kms and is mostly
alluvial plain best suited for accessibility and
agriculture. The area slopes gradually with 350 metres
ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES above sea level in the north-east and north to about 180
metres in the southwest.
DHOLABAHA, HOSHIARPUR Punjab is part of the Sutlej basin, with the Yamuna
This part of the present –day Hoshiarpur was part of forming its western border and the Indus bordering it on
Indus Valley civilization. The archaeological excavations the east.
carried out at the temple town ‘Dholbaha’, reveal its
relationship with the pre-historic period. Ambala is known as the river divide. The rivers flowing
to the East of Ambala flow into the Bay of Bengal while
ROPAR the rivers flowing west of Ambala flow into the Arabian
Also called Rup Nagar (the ‘town of beauty’) in olden Sea.
times shows evidence of the Indus Valley Civilisation.
Relics of Alexander’s Army have also been discovered. DRAINAGE
The land of five rivers is left with only three rivers
SANGHOL namely – Satluj, Beas and Ravi. The other two rivers
Archaeological digs here have yielded remains which Chenab and Jhelum traverse Jammu & Kashmir before
date back from the Harappan (Bara) culture period flowing into Pakistan.
(C.2000- B.C. 1200) through the historical periods of the
Mauryas, Sungas and Guptas in the sixth century apart The Sutlej is a major river in Punjab. It has its source in
from that of Muslim culture. Seals and coins bearing one of the lakes near Mansarovar in Tibet.
Brahmi or Kharoshti scripts of the first and the second It traverses Himachal Pradesh before entering Punjab
centuries AD have been discovered at the place. A stupa near Nangal.
and a Buddhist monastery complex of the Kushan era
(1st-2nd Century AD) have also been unearthed here. It is joined by the river Beas at Harike before it enters
Pakistan. It joins the river Chenab at Uch near
RAUZA SHARIF Bahawalpur to form Punjnad (Pakistan).
The “Rauza Sharif” is a mausoleum at Sirhind, which
commemorates the burial place of the famous Sufi saint Beas: It starts from Beas Kund near Rohtang Pass in
Sheikh Ahmed Farooqi. Sheikh Ahmed Farooqi was one Himachal and enters Punjab near Hoshiarpur and joins
of the best disciples of Khawaja Baqi Billah. The famous the Sutlej at Harike Pattan.
Rauza Sharif ‘Urs’ is celebrated on the 31st of May every
year. Rauza Sharif is indeed a national historical Ravi: Originates in the Himalayas of the Chamba district
monument and is considered as the second Mecca by in Himachal Pradesh. It enters the Punjab plains near
the Suni Muslims and is visited Naqshbandi Muslims Madhopur. It then flows along the Indo-Pak border for
from all over the world. some distance before entering Pakistan and joining the
Chenab River.

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On the southern margins of Punjab runs a seasonal river Shah Nahar Canal: The canal takes off from river Beas
Ghaggar which is believed by some people to be the downstream of Pong dam. It irrigates semi-hilly of
same as the Vedic river Saraswati. Himachal Pradesh and some areas of Hoshiarpur
district.
The River Satluj borders 9 districts of Punjab: Ropar,
Nawashahr, Jalandhar, Kapurthala, Tarn Taran, SOME OTHER RIVER PROJECTS
Ludhiana, Moga, Ferozpur and Fazilka. Beas Project: A diversion dam has been constructed at
Pandoh in Himachal Pradesh across the river Beas. The
The River Ravi borders three districts of Punjab, Beas waters are diverted to the Satluj at Slappar.
Amritsar, Pathankot and Gurdaspur. Pong Dam has been constructed at Pong, about 35 km
from Mukerian across the river Beas.
The River Beas borders six districts of Punjab, Thein Dam: It is constructed across the Ravi, about 20
Gurdaspur, Pathankot, Amritsar, Tarn-Taran, km from Madhopur.
Hoshiarpur and Kapurthala.
GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS
RIVER CITIES Punjab has three geographical zones based on river
Sutlej Ropar, Ludhiana, Ferozpur systems. The area falling between two rivers is known as
Beas Mandi, Kullu, Manali, Jalandhar Doab ('Do' means two and aab means water).
Ravi Pathankot, Dalhousie, Lahore Sr. No. Doab Rivers
1. Bist Doab Sutlej and Beas
CANAL SYSTEM OF PUNJAB 2. Bari Doab Beas and Ravi
Water management: Punjab has an irrigation 3. Chhaj Doab Chenab and Ravi
distribution network of 1,45,000 kilometres of canals 4. Rachna Doab Ravi and Chenab
including branch canals and minor distributaries, and The present-day Punjab is divided into three main
one lakh kilometres of field channels or water courses. geographical regions:
Upper Bari Doab Canal: This canal takes off from Ravi at Majha: The area west of the river Beas. Important town:
Madhopur. This canal is said to have been got Amritsar
constructed by Maharaja Ranjit Singh and was extended
Doab: The area falling between Sutlej and Beas.
by the Britishers for irrigation.
Important towns are Jalandhar and Hoshiarpur.
Bist Doab Canal: This canal takes off from the right Malwa: The area east of river Sutlej. Important towns are
bank of river Satluj at Ropar. It has two branches – Bhatinda, Sangrur, Patiala, Mohali, Chandigarh.
Jalandhar Branch and Nawan Shahar branch. This
canal irrigates Hoshiarpur, Jalandhar and Kapurthala SOILS
region.
BET SOILS
The area between Sutlej and Beas has only one canal Also called khaddar soils. These are found along the
system i.e. Bist Doab Canal system. channels of rivers like the Sutlej, Ravi, Beas and
Ghaggar.
Bhakra Dam & Canal: It is one of the biggest
multipurpose river valley schemes. The dam was LOAMY SOILS
completed on October 22, 1963, while the canal system Loamy soil is most suited for crops and is made up of a
was completed in 1968. mixture of both sand and clay. The areas covered by it
include Nakodar, Nawan Shahar, Phagwara and Large
The dam is 226 m high and 518 m long. part of Patiala, Nabha, Sangrur and southern parts of
Moga.
Sirhind Canal: This is one of the biggest canal systems
in India and irrigates malwa region of Punjab. The SANDY SOILS
Sirhind canal takes off at Ropar head works from river Mostly found in Bhatinda, Mansa, larger parts of
Satluj and up to Doraha flows as one channel. Sangrur, parts of Patiala and Ludhiana.
DESERT SOILS
The canal is 239 kms long and irrigates 5.5 lac hectares This type of soil is mostly observed inn Fazilka, Muktsar,
area. At Doraha, it divides into three branches: parts of Bhatinda and Mansa.

i) Sidhwan Branch ii) Abohar Branch KANDI SOILS

The soil in semi hills areas is sandy and rocky and is
iii) Bhatinda Branch called ‘kandi soil’. It is found in Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur,
Nawanshahr and Ropar.
Makhu Canal: This canal irrigates Moga region and
branches off the Harike barrage at Harike.

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CLIMATE Bir Dosanjh Wildlife Sanctuary: Bir Dosanjh wildlife

The climate of Punjab varies from extreme hot to extreme sanctuary is also situated adjacent to Nabha town on the
cold and the major seasons in Punjab are: Nabha-Jorepul Road and is spread over 517.59 ha of
• Summer: From April to June, the temperature can government area that falls in tehsil Nabha of District
go as high as 50 degrees Celsius. Patiala. Blue bull, Jungle Cat, Jackal, Rhesus Monkey,
• Rainy: July to September. Though Punjab falls in a Peafowl, Black and Grey Partridges, etc. are found here.
low rainfall area, a majority of its rainfall is due to
monsoons during this period. The average annual Bir Bhadson Wildlife Sanctuary: This sanctuary falls in
rainfall in Punjab is 472.1 mm. district Patiala and is located on the left side of the
• Winter: December to February. During this period, Nabha- Bhadson-Gobindgarh Road.
the temperature can fall as low as 5 degree Celsius.
In certain areas, the temperature went as low as 0 Bir Bhunerheri Sanctuary: It is situated near Patiala on
degree Celsius also in the recent years. the Patiala – Devigarh road covering an area of 6.5 sq.
Between February and April is the transitional period km. Many old Shisham and kikar trees are found in the
during which the weather is quite pleasant. This season sanctuary, which provides a good habitat for wildlife.
is known as ‘Basant’ (Spring); while between October Hog deer and blue bulls are found in this sanctuary.
and November, the trees start losing leaves and this
period is known as ‘Patjharh’ (Autumn). Harike Wildlife Sanctuary: It is situated on the Amritsar-
Ferozpur road. The sanctuary has an area of 86 sq. km.
It is a Ramsar site (The Ramsar Convention in a
FOREST convention on wetlands of international importance
adopted in the Iranian city of Ramsar in 1971 and came
At the time of reorganisation in 1966, Punjab was left into force in 1975) of international importance.
with only 1875 sq.km. of recorded forest area. According
to the Punjab forest department, this forest cover has The lake area is prone to the serious menace of water
since increased to 3058 sq.km., thus covering around hyacinth, siltation and water pollution. The Harike
6.1% of the area of Punjab. wetland is situated at the confluence of the Beas and the
Satluj. The presence of dolphins has been confirmed by
(However, according to the Indian State of Forest Report,
scientists at this sanctuary.
2013 published by Forest Research Institute Dehradun,
Punjab has only 1772 sq.km the area under forest cover.
Abohar Wildlife Sanctuary: This sanctuary is situated in
According to this report, only 3.52 percent of the area in
district Abohar. This sanctuary is famous for Black Buck
Punjab is under forests, which is the lowest for the
and covers an area of 18,650.00 ha. Black Buck and
country as a whole.)
Blue Bull are the main wildlife species found here.
There are limitations to increasing the forest cover in
Takhni Rehmapur Wildlife Sanctuary: Situated at a
Punjab since the State has 84% of its geographical area
distance of 15 km. from Hoshiarpur on the Hoshiarpur-
under agriculture and therefore, the scope for any
Mehengrowal road. This sanctuary is spread over
improvement is insufficient.
382.00 ha. It hosts a variety of wildlife species and is
rich in floral diversity also.
Major forests trees: Shisham, Kikar, Khair, Bamboo,
Barking Deer, Pangolin, Python, Hog Deer, Jungle Cat,
Cheel, Mulberry. These are used as timber and firewood.
Jackal, Mongoose, Wild Boar, Rat Snake and Kalij
Pheasant are found in this sanctuary.
WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES IN PUNJAB
Jhajjar - Bachauli Wildlife Sanctuary: This sanctuary is
Bir Moti Bagh Sanctuary: It is situated near Patiala on
situated 15 Km. from Anandpur Sahib city in the
the Patiala-Dakala road and has an area of 6.4 sq. km.
government forest area of District Rupnagar. It has an
Black buck, quiet, chital, dog, Hog deer, blue bull, wild
area of 116.00 ha. Sambar, Barking Deer, Hare, Jackal,
bour, jackal, Rhesus monkeys etc are found here.
Python, Cobra, Rat snake, Leopard (migratory), etc. are
Bir Gurdialpura Sanctuary: It is situated on the found here.
Samana-Shatrana road and has an area of 6.1 sq. km.
Kathlaur Kushlian Wildlife Sanctuary: This sanctuary is
Animals like blue bull and hog deer are found here.
located on the new bye pass on the Amritsar–Jammu
Bir Mehas Wildlife Sanctuary: The name of Bir Mehas
Highway in Tehsil Pathankot of District Gurdaspur. This
refers to village Mehas, which is located adjacent to Bir.
sanctuary is spread over 758.40 ha of government
The sanctuary is situated adjacent to Nabha town on the
protected forest. The sanctuary has a good population of
Nabha-Malerkotla Road and is spread over 123.43 ha of
different ungulates and deer species. This area
government area that falls in tehsil Nabha of District
comprises dense (closed canopy) forests, interspersed
Patiala. This sanctuary harbours many wildlife species
with open grasslands of Saccharum and water bodies as
such as Rhesus Monkey, Jungle Cat, Peacock, Blue Bull,
it lies on the banks of the Ravi. Some other wildlife
Jackal, Black and Grey Partridges, etc.
sanctuaries are: Bir Minhas, Bir Bhadson, Bir Aishwan
and Kathlaur- Kushlian wildlife sanctuary.
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WETLANDS CHAPTER – 5
Wetlands are ecosystems which have both aquatic and ECONOMY
terrestrial characteristics. These are marshy areas,
whether natural or artificial with water that is static or
flows, the depth of which at low tides does not exceed six
PUNJAB BUDGET - 2020-21
meters. INTRODUCTION
There are 6 wetlands in Punjab which have been Budget of a state is presented under Article 202 of
declared as ‘Ramsar sites’: Constitution of India, in respect of every financial year.
The statement of the estimated receipt and expenditure
Name District Boundaries Area (sq. Type of the State for that year called "the annual financial
km) statement is to be laid before the State Legislature.
Harike Tarn Taran, 41 Man-made The estimates of expenditure "Charged and "Voted" items
Ferozepur,Kapurthala of expenditure are shown separately.
Kanjli Kapurthala 1.83 Man-made The memorandum explains the Estimates in two Parts.
Ropar Ropar 13.65 Man-made ➢ Part "A" is explanatory memorandum to the Budget.
Beas Hoshiarpur, Gurdaspur, 64 Man-made ➢ Part "B" section I of the Annual Financial Statement
Conservation Amritsar, Jalandhar, deals with the analysis of transactions of the
Reserve Kapurthala, Tarn Taran Government of Punjab in the Consolidated Fund, the
and Ferozepur. Public Account and Contingency Fund. It pertains to
Keshopur-Miani Gurdaspur 34 Natural the Accounts for the year 2018- 2019, Revised
Community Estimates from the year 2019-2020 and Budget
Reserve Estimates for the year 2020- 2021.
➢ Part "B" Section 2 Contains General Abstract of
Nangal Wildlife Ropar 1 Man-made receipt and disbursement of the State for the period
Sanctuary 2018-2019 to 2020- 2021.

BUDGET FOR THE YEAR 2020-2021

BOTANICAL GARDENS The Rs.1.54 lakh crore budget for the financial year
Baradari Garden: Patiala 2020-21 was presented on February 28, 2020 in the
Aam Khas Bagh: Sirhind state assemblyby the Finance Minister of Punjab, Sh.
Kaimra Botanic Garden: Kapurthala Manpreet Singh Badal.
Shalimar Botanical Garden: Kapurthala ➢ Punjab’s Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP)
RamBagh Botanical Garden: Amritsar would increase from Rs.5.74 lakh crore to Rs.6.44
lakh crore in 2020-21.
ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS
➢ Revenue receipts for 2020-21 will be
• Mohindra Choudhry Zoological Park (Distt. Ajitgarh)
Rs.95,716 crore, up from Rs.73,975 crore in 2019-
• Tiger Safari : Ludhiana 2020. Total Revenue Receipts increased by 18.80%
• Deer Park Bir Moti Bagh : Patiala in 2019-20 and are further expected to increase by
• Deer park : Neelon : Ludhiana 18.96% in 2020-21.
• Deer Park Bir Talab : Bhatinda ➢ Total Expenditure shows that the State’s Revenue
Expenditure is expected to grow from Rs.86,602
IMPORTANT FAUNA & crore in 2019-20 (RE) to Rs.95,716 crore in 2020-21
FLORA OF PUNJAB (BE), an increase of 10.52%.
➢ Revenue Deficit are projected at 1.2% of GSDP in the
year 2020-21(BE).
IMPORTANT FAUNA IMPORTANT FLORA
Common Name Zoological Name Common Botanical Name ➢ Per capita income of the state has also increased
Name from Rs.1,54,996 in 2018-19 to Rs..1,66,830 in
· Black buck Antilope cervicapra Chitta Siris Albizia procera 2019-20 and is 23.53% higher than the national
Blue Bull Boselaphus Drek Melia azadirachta average of Rs.1,35,050.
tragocamelus ➢ Percentage of Outstanding Debt to Total Revenue
Hare Lepus nigricollis Jand Prosopis cineraria Receipts has declined from 368.15% in 2017-18 to
Jackal Canis aureus Kala Siris Albizia lebbeck 340.32 % in 2018-19; to 309.44% in 2019-20(RE)
Mongoose Herpestes javanicus Khair Acacia catechu and is projected at 282.07% in 2020-21.
Peafowl Pavo cristatus Kikar Acacia nilotica
➢ Punjab Govt. has spent Rs. 10,530 crore on debt
Jungle babbler Turdoides striata Neem Azadirachata servicing till March this year, against the legacy food
indica credit account of Rs. 31,000 crore.
Rose Ringed Psittacula krameri Shisham Dalbergia sissoo ➢ Debt to GSDP ratio reduced from (42.75%) to
Parakeet 39.83%. To be further reduced to 38.53% by March
2021.
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 PUNJAB GK

➢ There was a funding gap of over Rs.10,000 crore in ➢ Two new agriculture colleges at Gurdaspur and
the budget in 2017. The funding gap in 2019 was Balachaur to be set up
2,323 crore. This gap has been reduced to zero for ➢ Rural development gets Rs 3,830 crore and urban
2020-21. This has been possible for the first time development gets Rs 5,026 crore.
after 2006. ➢ Buffalo Research Centre is being established at a
cost of Rs. 20 crore in the district of TarnTaran
KEY ANNOUNCEMENTS:
The FM said the budget focuses on Agriculture and Health
Education, which have received the maximum ➢ Rs.4,675 crore allocation for the health sector
allocations as under:
➢ Rs.15 crore allotted for ICUs in all district hospitals
Agriculture : Rs.12,526 crore, ➢ 65 crore has been provided for achieving
Health: Rs.4,675 crore, improvement in nutritional status of children from
Education: Rs. 13,092 crore 0-6 years, pregnant women & lactating mothers.

➢ Free education upto class XII Infrastructure

➢ Rs.132 crore for Police Modernisation ➢ Rs.700 crore for AMRUT mission
➢ Rs.13 crore for sanitary napkin to school girls ➢ Rs.650 crore for rejuvenation of Buddha nallah;
➢ Rs. 270 crore has been provided for sports Ludhiana.
➢ Power subsidy of Rs.8,275 crore to farmers ➢ Rs.60 crore for rejuvenation of chotti and badinadi
➢ Three industrial parks to be set up at Mattewara, in Patiala
Bathinda and Rajpura ➢ Rs.2,276 crore for Roads construction and
➢ Rs. 157 crore for the construction of Dr BR maintenance
Ambedkar Medical College in Phase 6, Mohali. ➢ Rs.100 crore for Border Area Development and
➢ Air cargo facility at the Chandigarh International Rs.100 crore for Kandi Area Development
Airport. ➢ Rs.100 crore provided for setting up of STPs in small
urban towns
➢ No CLU to be charged from investors for the next two
➢ For development of rural and urban infrastructure
years.
Rs.3,830 crore and Rs.5,026 crore respectively.
➢ Punjab’s debt is expected to go up to Rs.2.48 lakh ➢ Rs.810 crore for development of smart cities,
crore by March 2021. Ludhiana, Jalandhar and Amritsar
➢ Rs. 2,000 crore allocated for crop loan waiver, ➢ Rs.46 crore has been provided for in 2020-21 for
including Rs.520 crore for farm labourers. basic minimum services like education, health,
➢ The pay commission report will be implemented and water supply, sanitation, toilets, disposal of sludge
has been accounted for in the budget. water under Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojna
➢ A Rural Development fund fee and market ➢ Ludhiana and Amritsar to get additionally Rs.104
committee fee ( currently a total of four per cent) to crore and Rs.76 crore to meet challenges of bad
be reduced to just one per cent. ambient, air quality, ground water depletion and
➢ FM announced that the retirement age of employees sanitation.
will once again be reduced to 58, withdrawing the
practice of giving extension in service. He says this Social Welfare
will enable the government to recruit youth. ➢ Funding of social security scheme increased from Rs
2,165 crore to Rs 2,388 crore.
MAJOR HEADS OF BUDGET ➢ 5,000 EWS houses to be built for urban poor.
➢ Rs.100 crore for rolling out the smart phones for
Agriculture& Rural Development youth scheme.
➢ Rs.20 crore for crop residue management to give ➢ Old age homes to be set up in each district of Punjab
subsidy to farmers who do not burn stubble. ➢ Rs.1,705 crore for providing subsidised power to
➢ Rs.200 crore allocated for agriculture diversification. SCs, BPL and freedom fighters.
➢ Rs.200 crore for allocation under RKVY
Education
➢ Government to promote Maize; sugar mills at ➢ Free School education in govt schools for all
Gurdaspur and Batala to be upgraded. Rs.100 crore
students till class 12.
allocated for providing support to sugarcane
➢ Grant-in-aid to universities increased by 6 per cent.
farmers.
➢ A law college to be set up at Patti and an open
➢ New horticulture estates to be set up at Amritsar, university in Patiala
Pathankot, Kotkapura and Patiala. ➢ 19 new ITIs to be established at a cost of Rs.75
➢ Centre of excellence of floriculture to be setup in crore; Rs.41 crore allocated for government
Doraha. polytechnics at 5 places.
➢ Power subsidy of Rs 8,275 crore to farmers in 2020- ➢ 4,150 additional classrooms to be constructed at a
21. cost of Rs.100 crore.

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 PUNJAB GK

➢ Rs.75 crore allotted for repair or unsafe school ➢ Armed Force Preparatory Institute at Hoshiarpur for
buildings helping the youth of Punjab join the Armed Forces
➢ 259 government senior secondary smart schools to by keeping the entry at graduate level for CDSE,
get 10 KW solar plants. AFCAT, TGC, JAG, NCC Special Entry Scheme,
➢ Rs.100 crore allotted for digital education in Short Services Commission-Non Technical
government school classrooms (SCC(NT)).
➢ Education in government schools would be free of
cost up to class 12. Earlier, education up till class 8
was free and only girls students had free access to
education till class 12. Now all children to get free
education
➢ Two new agriculture colleges at Gurdaspur and
Balachaur to be set up
➢ A veterinary college and regional research centre to
be set up at Sappanwali in Fazilka.
➢ Rs.12,488 crore for School and Higher Education
which accounts for 8% of total expenditure has been
provided for in the year 2020-21.
➢ Rs.25 crore for setting up Water Harvesting System
in all the Government Senior Secondary Schools

Industry
➢ Rs.2,267 crore for providing power subsidy to
industry
➢ Three industrial parks —over 1,000-acre each—to be
set up at Mattewara (Ludhiana), Bathinda and
Rajpura (on Amritsar - Kolkata industrial corridor).
➢ Park for pharma companies at Wazirabad in
Fatehgarh Sahib.
➢ Rs. 131 crore for upgradation of all industrial focal
points.
➢ New cattle feed plant at Kapurthala to be
commissioned

Tourism & Cultural Affairs

➢ Allocation of Rs.447 crore during 2020-21 for this
sector
➢ Rs.25 crore to Patiala Development Authority for
creation of a Heritage Street in Patiala during 2020-
21.
➢ To establish a Harike Wetland and Eco- Tourism
Development Authority, allocation Rs. 15 crore.
Ex - Serviceman
➢ Freedom fighters to get
o one 'out of turn' tube-well connection;
o three per cent reservation in house allotment;
o they are not to pay any toll tax on state
highways.
➢ Rs. 127 crore has been earmarked for Defence
Services Welfare to ensure the welfare of ex-
servicemen, war-widows, world war veterans,
disabled soldiers & their dependents

Miscellaneous
➢ Rs 25 crore allotted for starting the celebration for
the 400th birth anniversary of Guru Teg Bahadur.
➢ 54-km road from Anandpur Sahib to Banga to be
built and named after Guru Teg Bahadur.
➢ Rs 25 crore allocated for strengthening of cattle
pound infrastructure to solve the problem of stray
cattle menace.
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 PUNJAB GK

BUDGET AT GLANCE | 2020-21 SECTORS OF ECONOMY

Item Revised Budget
Estimates Estimates PRIMARY SECTOR
2019-20 2020-21 Other than fertile land, Punjab has no other primary
1. Revenue Receipts 73975.08 88004.31 source. There are no mines (except sand), minerals or
(2+3+4+5+6) fossil deposits which can be used as raw material by the
industries.
2. State's Own Tax Revenue 33739.18 35824.45
SECONDARY SECTOR
3. State's Own Non-Tax Revenue 7961.66 8045.99 The only big industry established in Punjab is the Oil
4. Share of Central Taxes 10345.78 14021.16 Refinery established near Bhatinda.
Other major industries are: Textiles and Readymade
5. 5. Grants-in-Aid from Centre 21928.46 30112.71 garments, motor parts, cycle parts and food products.
6. Additional Resource Mobilization 0 0 However, with the imports from China on the upsurge,
the local industry faces tough times.
7. Capital Receipts (8+9+10) 75010.44 65043.25
TERTIARY SECTOR
8. Public Debt excluding Ways and 26946.68 29997.85
This sector has grown at more than 7% per annum in
Means Advances
last few years. With the establishment of the
9. Ways & Means Advances 32000.00 35000.00 international airport at Chandigarh and Ajitgarh
10. Non-Debt Receipts 16063.76 45.40 (Mohali), this sector is expected to perform well in future.
11. Total Receipts (1+7) 148985.52 153047.56 The economy of the state is largely dependent on
agriculture, with a majority of its population professing
12. Revenue Expenditure 86602.09 95716.04
farming and receipts from NRIs.
13. Salaries and Wages 25449.32 27639.12
(including Grant-in-Aid Salary) The state has many small, medium and large scale
industrial units. Major industries in the state include
14. Pension and retirement benefits 10213.00 12267.00 metals, manufacturing textiles, hosiery, yarn, sports
15. Interest Payments 17625.09 19075.09 good, hand tools, bicycles and light engineering goods.
16. Other Revenue Expenditure 33314.68 36734.83
SHARE IN ECONOMY
17. Capital Expenditure 19641.30 10279.58
18. Repayment of Public Debt 12632.68 12927.85 SECTOR 2017-18 (P) 2018-19 2019-20
excluding Ways and Means (Q) (A)
Advances Primary sector 29% 28.7% 28.1%
(Agriculture &
19. Repayment of Ways & Means 32000.00 35000.00
Allied)
Advances Secondary sector 24.7% 25.1% 25.2%
20. Advances of Loans 820.87 881.82 (Manufacturing &
Processing)
21. Total Expenditure 151696.94 154805.29
Tertiary sector 46.2% 46.2% 46.7%
(12+17+18+19+20) (Trade & Services)
22. Revenue Deficit (12-1) 12627.01 7711.73 (Sourece Economic Survey, Punjab, 2019-20)

(2.20) (1.20)
AGRICULTURE
23. Fiscal Deficit (22+17+20-10 17025.42 18827.73
(2.96) (2.92) Agriculture is the backbone of the Punjab economy. The
progress made by agriculture in Punjab is unparalleled.
24. Primary Deficit/Surplus(-) -599.67 -247.36 The state was deficient in food at the time of
(23-15) (-0.10) (-0.04) independence, but it made rapid progress during the
25. Outstanding Debt 228906.23 248236.23 sixties and seventies. The production of wheat and rice
(39.83) (38.53) increased considerably during this period, and Punjab
came to be known as the granary of India.
26. GSDP at Current Prices 574760.00 644326.00 ➢ Punjab is known as bread basket of the country.
➢ State produces 18% total wheat and 12% of total rice of the
country.
Numbers in brackets are percentages with Gross
➢ Contributed more than 25% to central pool in rice and 35%
State Domestic Product (GSDP). wheat in 2018-19.
➢ According to the finance miniter, it is likely to be overtaken
by UP,MP in the matter of contribution to central pool. As
such it has to find other avenues for growth.

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 PUNJAB GK

AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION (Punjab) MSP Kharif Crops 2019-20

Sr. No Crop MSP-Rs/Qtl Hike in Rs
(in thousand metric tonnes) 1. Paddy (Common) 1815 65
Crop 2017- 18 2018- 19 2019- 20 2. Paddy (Grade A) 1835 65
(R) (P) 3. Maize 1760 50
4. Tur (Arhar) 5800 60
Rice 13377 12822
5. Moong 7050 50
Wheat 17830 18262
6. Groundnut 5090 50
Maize / Barley 427 / 30 396 / 27 7. Cotton (Medium Staple) 5255 50
Total Cereals 31666 31507 8. Cotton (Long Staple) 5550 --
Source: PIB Govt. of India, 2019-20
Oilseed 60 59.6
AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONES
Sugar-cane 8078 7774
Cotton* 1284 1223 Sub-Mountains Zone (kandi Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur, Roopnagar,
zone) SAS Nagar
*1000 Bales, R-Revised, P-Provisional, E-Estimated
(Source: Economic Survey of Punjab, 2019-20)
Central Alluvial Zone (Sweet Amritsar, Taran Taran, Kapurthala,
Yield of Crops water zone) Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Patiala,
Yield rates in kgs per hectare during 2018-19 are: wheat Fatehgarh Sahib, Nawanshahar,
5188, rice 4132, maize 3625, Sugarcane 81828. Sangrur, Barnala
100% area under wheat and rice and 97% area under Southern Dry Zone Bathinda, Faridkot, Firozpur, Mansa,
maize was under high yielding varities. (Cotton Belt) Moga, Muktsar
(Source: Statistial Survey Abstract of Punjab, 2019)
HORTICULUTURAL ESTATES
Other major crops in Punjab are: sugarcane, maize, • Citius estate – Abohar & Thaliwala (Firozpur),
millet, barley and fruit. Bajwara (Hoshiarpur), Lambi (Muktsar)
Khanna, in Ludhiana district is the largest grain market • Grape state: Maur Mandi (Bathinda)
in Asia. • Litchi estate: Sarna (Gurdaspur)
Rabi Crops: Wheat, Gram, Barley, Potatoes and winter NEW INITIATIVES
vegetable ➢ Agriculture Debt waiver of crop loans of 8.75 lakh small
Kharif Crops: Rice, Maize, Sugarcane, cotton and and marginal farmers (up to 5 acres) having loans up to Rs.
2 lakh on the basis of report by Dr. T. Haque.
Pulses.
➢ Relief of Rs. 2 lakh to remaining marginal farmers.
Zaid Crops: Watermelon, Bitter Gourd, Musk Melon, ➢ 10 new Mandis townships Rs. 800 crore allocated.
Cucumber ➢ Adopted e-NAM in 37 Mandis.
SHARE OF AGRICULTURE ➢ Introduced Single Trading Licence for whole of Punjab.
➢ Enacted the "Punjab State Farmers Commission Act 2017"
The share of agriculture and allied activities is over to empower farming community.
28% against the national average of 16.5% as per ➢ Replealed Section 67 A of the Pb Coop. Socities Act which
estimates for 2019-20. 26% of labour is engaged in provides for auction of land of defaulters.
agriculture, against 44.1% at the national level.
INDUSTRY
CONSUMPTION OF FERTILIZERS
Punjab ranks second in the consumption of fertiliser per Punjab is an agrarian state. The level of industrialisation
hectare with Andhra Pradesh being at the first place. is less as compared to other states. Haryana has
benefited much in this regard because of its proximity to
MSP FOR RABI and KHARIF CROPS Delhi while Himachal Pradesh has also benefited from
The MSP—rate at which the government procures grain special packages given by the central government and
from farmers, for the Rabi-2019-20 crops was announced tax holidays.
by the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs. These There are over 204,000 small scale industrial units in
crops will be sown in Nov-Dec 2019 and harvested in the state in addition to 600 large and medium units.
March and be ready for procurement from next year April Major industrial town in Punjab are:
onwards.
Mandi Gobindgarh: Is also known as the steel town of
MSP Rabi Crops 2019-20 Punjab. It has one of the largest concentration of steel
Sr. No Crop MSP-Rs/Qtl Hike in Rs re-rolling mills and truck building industries. Recently
1. Wheat 1840 105 Govt. has taken initiative to revive larget steel companies
2. Gram 4620 220 which have been lying closed for many years.
3. Masoor dal 4475 225 Moga: Is famous for Nestle, one of the world’s most
4. Mustard 4200 200 famous companies in the dairy industry producing
5. Barley 1440 30 noodles, milk, milk products, machine parts.
6. Safflower 4945 845
Patiala: Biscuit-making machinery and shoes. Diesel
Component Works (Railway Project).

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 PUNJAB GK

Amritsar: Power Loom Industry, Radio and transistor, MAJOR NATIONAL HIGHWAYS IN PUNJAB
Paint and Varnish, electric fans, etc.
Road Code Road Name
Batala: Woolen Cloth (Oswal Woolen Mills), Forging Haryana Border Moonak Tohana Road To Bhikhi Via
Industry. NH-148B
Moonak Bareta Budhlada Road
Mohali: I.T. industry and some large units are coming NH-21 Zirakpur-Chandigarh -Ropar upto Himachal border
up in this area. "Mudki Baghapurana Talwandi Sabo Upto Bathinda Dabwali
NH-254
Road "
Jalandhar Connecting Attari Border-Amritsar-Jalandhar-Hoshiaapur-
This city is known for sports goods and Hand Tools etc. NH-3
upto HP Border
Kapurthala: Rail Coach Factory (Ministry of Railways) J & K Border-Pathankot-Mukerian-Jalandhar-Ludhiana-
NH-44
Rajpura-Haryana Border
Ludhiana: It has one of the largest cycle manufacturing NH-5 Kharar-Samrala-Ludhiana-Firozpur road
and sewing machine industries. Ludhiana is also known NH-503A "Amritsar Mehta Sri Hargobindpur Tanda Una Road "
as ‘‘Manchester of Punjab”. Ludhiana is also one of the Pathankot -Amritsar-Makhu - Faridkot-Bathinda-Malout-
largest producers of ‘hosiery’ and ‘woolen’ products in NH-54
Abohar-Ganganagerupto Rajasthan border
India. INDO-PAK Border-Fazilka-Abohar-Malout-Bathinda-Barnala-
NH-7
Sangrur-Patiala-Rajpura-Panchkula
Major Industrial Units of Punjab:
Jalandhar- Nakodar-Mehatpu- Moga- Badhni -Barnala-
• Guru Gobind Singh Oil Refinery : Bhatinda NH-703
Handiaya-Sardulgarh terminating at NH 09 near Sirsa.
• Rail Coach Factory : Kapurthala
Note: NH No. are as per under new pattern.
• Diesel Component Works : Patiala
• Hero Cycles and Avon Cycles : Ludhiana
SERVICES
• Punjab Tractors : Mohali
➢ Start-up hub at Mohali.
• Swaraj Mazda : Ropar
➢ Punjab State Aeronautical Engineering Colleg e
• Ranbaxy : Mohali
established at Patiala.
New Proposals ➢ Amalgamation of 20 District Coop. Banks with
➢ Hi-Tech Cycle valley at Ludhiana Punjab State Cooperative Bank to strenghthen rural
➢ Global Manufacturing park at Rajpura credit system.
➢ Plastic Park at Sangrur ➢ New international Air Terminal at IAF Station
➢ Bio-Tech park in Mohali. Halwara, Ludhiana approved.
➢ Two new sainik schools at Gurdaspur and Mansa.
Punjab has given the nation famous entrepreneurs, who
➢ Skill University at Chamkaur Sahib approved.
have in the last two decades created an imprint on the
➢ Post Graduate Institute of Excellence in horticulture
nation’s economy:
at Amritsar.
• Sunil Bharti Mittal ( Airtel)
➢ PLAKSHA University at Mohali.
• O.P. Munjal ( Hero Honda)
Important Industries SOCIO ECONOMIC INDICATORS
The industrial units in the state are broadly divided into
• Agro based industrial units PER CAPITA INCOME
• Machinery units
• Chemical units As per the latest official data, the Per Capita Income in
Punjab at the current prices for 2019-20 is Rs. 1,66,830
Textile Industry against national figure of 1,35,050.
The state produces nearly 70% of the best quality cotton
in India. Though there are many advantages, there is POVERTY
one major disadvantage in that the total spindle capacity Punjab has done reasonably well to reduce its poverty,
of the state is only 1.5% of the country. with only 8.2% of the population living below the poverty
Major Cotton Mills: Abohar, Phagwara, Amritsar, line (BPL) as against the national average of 21.9%
Malout and Barnala and Ludhiana (2011-12 as per 68th round survey of NSS).

Major Cotton Ginning Centres: Bhatinda, Abohar, Population below Poverty Line (as per Tendulkar
Malout and Malerkotla Method):
INDUSTRIAL INFRASTRUCTURE Rural Urban Total
• All cities connected by National Highways. Punjab %age 7.66 9.24 8.26
• All major towns of adjoining states connected by India %age 25.7 13.7 21.99
National Highways.
• Percentage of villages connected by metalled roads- Poverty Estimates as per Rangarajan Committee
100% Report
The government in 2013 appointed another committee
(Source: Economic Survey, Pb. Govt.) under Dr. C. Rangarajan to re-examine the poverty line
given by the Tendulkar Methodology.

GYANM SCO 13-15, 2nd Floor, Sector 34-A, Chandigarh, Ph: 0172-4052124, 91-17-34-34-34 29
 PUNJAB GK

On the basis of the report, the new poverty line is as CHAPTER – 6

under:
(Amount in Rs.) WELFARE SCHEMES
Rural Urban
Punjab 1127.98 1479.27 ASHIRWAD SCHEME
India 972 1407
The following tables gives us information on the ratio of It has three components:
people below the poverty line as per the two methods.
1. Shagun Scheme
Poverty Estimates (India) as per both the methods 2. Financial assistant to Acid Victims Scheme 2017
(%)
Method 2009-10 2011-12 1. Shagun Scheme
Tendulkar 29.8 21.9 The name of Shagun scheme has been changed to
Rangarajan 38.2 29.5 Shagun - Ashirwad Scheme w.e.f. 2016. It was launched
by the Punjab government in 1997-98 for scheduled
Population Below Poverty Line in 2011-12 caste girls and Christian girls. Under this scheme, Rs.
(as per Rangarajan Report Method): 21000 w.e.f. 2017 (Source TOI, Dated April 22, 2018) is given
on the occasion of the marriage of SC and Christian girls
(age group 18+). The annual income of the family should
Rural Urban Total
not exceed Rs. 20,000 p.a. for rural areas and Rs. 27500
Punjab %age 7.4 17.6 11.3
for urban areas. The widows and divorced women of
India %age 30.9 26.4 29.5
these families are also covered under this scheme
provided they fulfill the other conditions.
LATEST DATA: SOCIAL SECTOR
Launched 1997-98 for SC & Christian girls
Life expectancy at birth: & widows of any caste
Benefit Rs. 21000 on occasion of
Male: 69.7 years marriage
( age 18+)
Female: 72.8 years
Income Criterion Should not be more than Rs.
Birth Rate as in 2017: 14.9/ thousand per annum 20000 per yr.
Eligibility Admissible to two girls in a family
Death Rate: 7/ thousand per annum
Infant Mortality Rate: 21 (2017) 2. Financial assistant to Acid Victims Scheme 2017:
Maternal Mortality Rate: 122 (2015-17) Women victims of acid attacks will get Rs. 8000 per
(Source: Statistical Abstract of Punjab 2019) month per head. Scheme is being implemented by
Department of Social Security and Development of
LITERACY RATE IN PUNJAB Women and Children, Punjab.
Overall Male Female Person
Rural 76.6% 65.7% 71.4% AYUSHMAN BHARAT - SARBAT SEHAT
Urban 86.7% 79.2% 83.2% BIMA YOJANA
Total 80.4% 70.7% 75.8%
Ayushman Bharat has been extended by the Punjab
NEWSPAPERS Govt. and renamed as Mahatama Gandhi Sarbat Vikas
The leading dailies in the state are: Yojana The scheme was implemented by the central govt.
• Amar Ujala • Dainik Jagran in 2018. Punjab govt. has decided to adopt and extend
• Dainik Bhaskar • Punjab Kesri this scheme ( in 2019) to cover 45.89 lakh families under
• The Tribune • Jag Bani the scheme instead of proposed 14.96 lakh SECC
• Ajit Samachar • Punjabi Tribune families, thus extending the ambit of the scheme to cover
HISTORICAL NEWSPAPERS Smart Ration Card holder families, small traders, Small
& Marginal farmers etc. Under this scheme cashless
News
Started In
Papers
City Edition medical facility up to Rs.5 lakh is provided to the
The English members of registered families.
1881 Lahore
Tribune daily
Dukh All eligible beneficiaries can avail free in-patient services
1906 Taran Taran Punjabi for listed secondary and tertiary care treatment as per
Niwaran
1919 Pratap Jalandhar Urdu Daily the identified package list under AB-SSBY at empanelled
Akali Punjabi private and public hospitals located in Punjab &
1920 Jalandhar
Patrika Daily Chandigarh.
The New English
1932 Amritsar
Era weekly

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 PUNJAB GK

Launching 01st July 2019. Benefit providing free cycles to the student
Date (girls) of from standard 9th to 12th
Objectives Quality health services to poor standard.
people of the state at specialized Eligibility Girl students from senior school
hospitals. belonging to BPL families.
Sum Insured Rs. 5 lakh per family Implenting Department of Women and Child
Eligibility Resident of Punjab. Applicants with Agency Development, Government of Punjab.
BPL or lower income group, no age
bar, no capping on the number of
family members, blue card holders, MAI BHAGO ISTRI SHAKTI SCHEME
Punjab Agriculture workers, Date of November 2007
construction workers etc. Launch
NATIONAL CRECHE SCHEME FOR Objectives To strengthen their activities through
CHILDREN FOR WORKING MOTHERS training at convenient places. Hassle free
credit and assistance.
The state has provided grant for various crèche in line
The scheme also envisages creation of
with the Govt. of India policy to provide Early Childhood
backward & forward linkages by creating
Care Services for children up to 6 years of age in the
country. a supply chain for providing raw
material to women entrepreneurs with
Launching Date 01-01-2018
the help of apex/ state level
Objectives To provide early childhood care to
organizations
children upto 6 years of age. Activities Phulkari work, Tailoring, stitching and
embroidery, Hosiery and knitting, Vermi
MISSION “TANDRUST PUNJAB: Launched multi- compost fertilizers
faceted Mission “Tandrust Punjab” to make Punjab the Funds Funds for these activities will be
healthiest State by improving its air quality, water provided by the Primary Agriculture
quality, and ensuring safe food and a good living Cooperative Society. Central Cooperative
environment. Banks will keep separate funds for these
THE PUNJAB SHEHRI AWAS YOJANA-2017' women members.
Launched 'The Punjab Shehri Awas Yojana-2017' to DR. HARGOBIND KHURANA SCHOLARSHIP
provide free housing to eligible houseless SC/BC urban SCHEME
families. Urban households with an annual income of Date of November 2013
less than Rs. 3 lakh in the first phase and Rs.5 lac in the Launch
second phase would be eligible to claim free housing Objectives To enable them to compete with their
facility under the scheme. peers in convent and private schools.
PRADHAN MANTRI MATRU Amount Rs. 30000 per annum will be given in
VANDANA YOJANA instalments of Rs. 2500 each would be
Scheme was announced in 2017 and implemented in the transferred into the bank accounts of
state w.e.f. 01.01.2018. the students every month.
Launched 01-01-2018 Eligibility The students who secure 80% or more
Benefit Rs. 5000/- and other benefits marks, for further study at the senior
under Janani Suraksha Yojana secondary level.
so that average, a woman gets
Rs. 6000/-. BEBE NANKI LADLI BETI KALYAN SCHEME
Eligiblity To all Pregnant Women & Scheme named after Guru Nanak Dev’s elder sister
Lactating Mothers (PW&LM) Date of March 5,2013
except those in regular Launch
employment with the Central Condition Girl child born after 1-1-2011 to those
Government or State
Government or Public Sector
families who adopted two child norm
Undertaking and family planning method.
Contribution 40% by State Govt. and 60% by Eligibility Income less than Rs. 30000 per
Govt. of India annum
To check the ever-increasing menace
Objective of female foeticide and to impart free
MAI BHAGO VIDYA SCHEME
quality education to the girls up to 12th
Date of 2011-12
class besides extending financial
Launch
assistance to poor families in bringing
Objectives • To promote education among up the girl child
the girl child Initiative The department would invest Rs.
• To reduce the school dropout 20,000/- per beneficiary with the LIC
rate. as premium.
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 PUNJAB GK

SUBSIDIZED ATTA-DAL SCHEME 700/- for two girl children. The monthly incentive starts
The Punjab government on August 15, 2007, launched from the day the family adopts family planning
this scheme in Ludhiana under which atta (wheat flour) operation. The girl child should be less than five yrs old.
and dal (pulses) will be provided at highly subsidized
Launched In 2005-06
rates to poor families. Implementing Department of Health & Family Welfare
Eligibility: Family income less than Rs. 60000 per Agency
annum and land less than 2.5 acres. Aim To uplift social status of girls &
Implementing Agency: Dept of Food & Civil Supplies encouraging family planning
Each family is given quantity as under: Conditions i. Family should be Non tax payee
Wheat ii. Family adopt two child norm
iii. Does not have male child iv. Can have
Quantity per member 5 kg up to two girl child
Max limit per family No Limit Incentive Monthly incentive of Rs. 500 per girl child
Rate Rs. 2 per kg Monthly incentive up to Rs. 700 per month
for two girl children
The govt. is providing only wheat under this scheme. Dal
is not being distributed due to its higher prices. Either parent should have adopted the terminal method
NANHI CHHAN PROJECT of family welfare up to the daughter attaining 18 yrs of
An initiative of Bathinda MP, Harsimrat Kaur Badal, it age or till the age she becomes an income tax assessee.
was launched on August 27, 2008 at the Golden temple The purpose of the scheme is to promote the cause of the
in Amritsar. The aim of this project is to create girl child and correct the skewed sex ratio. It is also
awareness against female foeticide and the dwindling meant to reduce the Infant Mortality Rate in the state.
number of trees. INITIATIVES IN PRIMARY EDUCATION
Launched August 27, 2008, at Golden Temple PARHO PUNJAB PROJECT
Aim Awareness against female foeticide & Parho Punjab was launched to eradicate the difference
dwindling number of trees. between actual learning level of the students and class-
KANYA JAGRITI JYOTI SCHEME specific goals. During its tenure, Parho Punjab was
This scheme was launched in Punjab in 1996-97. This successful in achieving the set targets set under various
scheme is applicable to girl children born in BPL assessment studies e.g. Annual Status of Education
families. The parents should have adopted the two- child Report 2010(ASER).
norm and only one child will be covered under the PERVESH PROJECT
scheme. The main aim of the scheme is to uplift the To carry forward the agenda of quality elementary
social status of the girls and to reduce school dropout. education in Punjab, it was strongly felt that a program
The beneficiary will have to study up to matric. An like Parho Punjab should be in place.
amount of Rs. 5000/- is deposited with the LIC at the To enhance the quality of primary education, another
time of the birth of the girl child. LIC gives the following programme named PERVESH (Primary Vidya Sudhar)
benefits: was initiated to carry forward the Parho Punjab project.
• From 6th year to 12th year of age, Rs. 1200/-. p.a. This program attempts to build a strong base among
scholarship children in learning basic language skills (reading,
• From 12th year to 18th year of age, Rs. 2400/- p.a. writing, comprehension, communication) and arithmetic
scholarship. (number recognition, tables, addition subtraction, and
Launched In 1996-97
multiplication‐division). This was to be achieved through
Implementing Agency Department of Social Welfare Creative Learning Model (CLM) method of education,
Aim To uplift the social status of girls with the involvement of both the teacher and the
and reduce their school dropout students as participants in the process of learning.
rate
Conditions The beneficiary will have to study
PUNJAB NIROGI YOJANA
up to matric (10th) Under this scheme, a financial assistance of Rs 1.50 lacs
Incentive i. Rs. 1200 per annum from 6th is provided to the BPL families for treatment of life-
to 12th year threatening diseases/terminal illnesses (including
ii. Rs. 2400 per annum from 12th cancer) in government hospitals. A corpus of Rs. 2.50
year to 18th year crores has been set up, which is being managed by the
Punjab Nirogi Society.
BALRI RAKSHAK YOJANA The funding of the corpus is being done by the
This scheme was launched in Punjab in the year 2005- Government of India and the State Government in the
06 for population control. It is being implemented by the ratio 33:67. School-going children suffering from cancer
Department of Health & Family Welfare. The family is to are provided free treatment at PGIMER, Chandigarh, all
be non-income tax payee and it should adopt the two- Government Medical Colleges and empanelled private
child norm. It should have no male child and can have hospitals under school health programme. Free travel
one or two girl children. The state government gives a facility in Punjab Roadways and PRTC buses is provided
monthly incentive of Rs. 500/- for one girl child and Rs. for cancer patients for availing of the treatment.
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 PUNJAB GK

CHAPTER – 7 Transport
11 S.Sukhjinder Cooperation
ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE Singh Jails
Randhawa
Governor Sh. V.P. Singh Badnore 12 Shri Water Resources
Chief Minister Capt. Amarinder Singh Sukhbinder Mines & Geology
Speaker of Vidhan Sabha Rana K.P.Singh Singh Housing and Urban Development
Leader of Opposition in Harpal Singh Cheema Sarkaria
Vidhan Sabha 13 S. Gurpreet Revenue, Rehabilitation and
COUNCIL OF MINISTERS Singh Kangar Disaster Management
14 Shri. Balbir Health and Family Welfare
S.N Name Portfolio(s)
Singh Sidhu Labour
o.
15 Shri. Vijay School Education
Chief Minister
Inder Singla Public Works
1 Capt. Administrative Reforms,
16 Shri. Sunder Industries & Commerce
Amarinder Agriculture and Farmers Welf,
Sham Arora
Singh Horticulture
17 Shri. Bharat Food & Civil Supplies and
Conservation of Land and Water
Bhushan Consumer Affairs
Civil Aviation, Defence Services
Ashu
Welfare, Excise & Taxation,
General Administration, Home DIVISIONS OF PUNJAB: 5
Affairs & Justice, Hospitality,
Investment Promotion, Information DIVISION DISTRICTS
& Public Relations, Legal & Gurdaspur, Amritsar, TaranTaran,
Legislative Affairs Kapurthala, Jalandhar, Pathankot,
Personnel / Vigilance, Jalandhar
Hoshiarpur, Nawanshahar (Shaheed
Environment Bhagat Singh Nagar)
Wildlife, Science & Technology
Government Reforms, Information Patiala Ludhiana, Sangrur, Barnala, Patiala
Technology, Power, New and Firozpur, Sri Muktsar Sahib, Moga
Firozepur
Renewable Energy and Fazilka
Cabinet Ministers Faridkot Faridkot, Bathinda,Mansa
2 Shri. Brahm Local Government Rupnagar Ajigarh ( SAS Nagar), Rupnagar,
Mohindra Parliamentary Affairs (Ropar) Fatehgarh Sahib
Elections
Removal of Grievances Number of Divisions: 5
3 Shri. Finance Number of Districts in Punjab: 22
Manpreet Planning Number of Sub-divisions in Punjab: 91
Singh Badal Programme Implementation Number of Tehsils in Punjab: 91
4 Shri. Om Medical Edu. & Research Number of Sub-Tehsils in Punjab: 81
Parkash Soni Freedom Fighters Number of Blocks in Punjab: 150
Food Processing Number of Towns in Punjab: 143
5 Shri. Sadhu Forests Number of Cities: 74
Singh Printing and Stationary (Source: Punjab Abstract 2018)
Dharmsot Welfare of SCs and BCs MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT
6 Shri. Tript Rural Development and
Rajinder Panchayats 17th Lok Sabha Members (May 2019)
Singh Bajwa Animal Husbandry, Fisheries and Sr.No. Constituency Name of Member Party
Dairy Development 1 Amritsar Shri. Gurjit Singh Aujla INC
Higher Education 2 Anandpur Sahib Shri. Manish Tewari INC
7 Rana Sports and Youth Affairs 3 Bathinda Smt. Harsimrat Kaur Badal SAD
4 Faridkot(SC) Shri. Mohammad Sadique INC
Gurmeet NRI Affairs
5 Fategarh Sahib(SC) Shri. Amar Singh INC
Singh Sodhi
6 Ferozpur Shri. Sukhbir Singh Badal SAD
8 S. Charanjit Technical Education & Industrial
7 Gurdaspur Shri. Sunny Deol BJP
Singh Channi Training
8 Hoshiarpur(SC) Shri. Som Parkash BJP
Employment Generation
Shri. Santokh Singh
Tourism and Cultural Affairs 9 Jalandhar(SC)
Chaudhary
INC
9 Smt. Aruna Social Security 10 Khadoor Sahib Shri. Jasbir Singh Gill INC
Chaudhary Women & Child Development 11 Ludhiana Shri. Ravneet Singh Bittu INC
10 Smt. Razia Water Supply & Sanitation (Public 12 Patiala Dr. Preneet Kaur INC
Sultana Health)
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 PUNJAB GK

13 Sangrur Shri. Bhagwant Mann AAP Area 50,362 sq km (1.54% of total geographical
area of country)
2) Rajya Sabha – 7 Forest Area 3011 sq. km. (6% of the total area of the
SR. NO. NAME Party state)
Population (census 2011) 277.43 lakhs (2.29% of country’s population)
1. Mr. Shamsher Singh Dullo INC
Rural population 173.44 lakhs (62.52% of total population)
2. Sri Balwinder Singh Bhunder SAD
Urban population 103.99 lakhs (37.48% of total population)
3. Sardar Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa SAD Males 146.39 lakhs (52.8% of total population)
4. Sh. Partap Singh Bajwa INC Females 131.04 lakhs (47.2% of total population)
5. Sri Naresh Gujral SAD Population density(per sq km) 551
Sex Ratio 895 (846 for 0-6 age group)
6. Ms. Shwait Malik BJP Literacy rate 75.80%
7. Smt. Ambika Soni INC Male Literacy Rate 80.40%
Female Literacy Rate 70.70%
Urban literacy rate 83.2%
3) Members of Vidhan Sabha: 117 Rural literacy rate 71.4%
Life expectancy 69.4 years
CITIES/ TOWNS Districts 22
As per 2011 census, there are 74 cities and 143 towns in Divisions (Jalandhar, Patiala, Ferozepur, Faridkot
Punjab. Punjab has some very valuable historical and Ropar) = 5
colourful cities. Sub-divisions 91
The major cities in Punjab are Ludhiana, Jalandhar, Tehsils / Blocks 91 / 150
Amritsar, Patiala, SAS Nagar and Bathinda. The State of Sub-Tehsils 81
Punjab in western India is one of the most fertile regions Inhabited villages 12581
on the earth. Panchayats 12776
Towns (One lac & above) 143
DISTRICT ADMINISTRATION Cities (Census Towns) 74
High court Punjab & Haryana High Court, Chandigarh
The state of Punjab has 22 districts which comprise sub- Strength of Vidhan Sabha 117
divisions, tehsils and blocks. Seats of Lok Sabha 13
Region wise, Punjab can be divided into three distinct Seats in Rajya Sabha 7
regions: State Bird Baaz (Eastern Goshawk)
1) Majha: The area of Punjab to the west of the Beas State Animal Blackbuck (Kala Hiran)
State tree Shisham (called ‘Tahli’ in Punjab)
2) Doaba: The area between the Sutlej and the Beas
DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS
3) Malwa: The area to the east of the Sutlej
The region wise distribution of districts is as under: • District with Maximum Area – Ludhiana
1) Majha – 4 Districts • District with Minimum Area – SAS Nagar (Mohali)
Gurdaspur, Amritsar, Taran-taran, Pathankot • District with Highest Population–Ludhiana (12.6%)
2) Doaba – 4 Districts • District with Lowest Population – Barnala (2.2%)
Kapurthala, Jalandhar, Sahid Bhagat Singh Nagar • District with Highest Sex Ratio – Hoshiarpur (961)
and Hoshiarpur • District with Lowest Sex Ratio – Bhatinda (868)
3) Malwa – 14 Districts • District Highest Literacy Ratio–Hoshiarpur (84.6%)
Rupnagar, SAS Nagar, Ludhiana, Firozepur, • District with Lowest Literacy Rate–Mansa (61.8%)
Faridkot, Sri Muktsar Sahib, Moga, Bathinda, • District-Highest Population Density–Ludhiana (978)
Mansa, Sangrur, Barnala, Patiala, Fatehgarh Sahib, • District-Lowest Population Density–Muktsar (348)
Fazilka
• District with Highest Urbanization – Ludhiana
The latest districts created in 2011 are: Fazilka
• District with Lowest Urbanization – Taran Taran
and Pathankot.
(Source-Economic Survey Punjab, 2017-18)
FACTS – PUNJAB PUNJAB TOPS IN THESE FIELDS
• One-thirds of all tractors in India plough fields in
CAPITAL CHANDIGARH (POPULATION 9.5 LAKHS) Punjab.
Boundaries with 4 Indian states J & K (N), Haryana and Rajasthan (S), • Record yield of 5188 kg per hectare of Wheat & 4132
and Pakistan Pakistan (W), Himachal Pradesh (N-E) kg per hectare Rice
• 1124 gm per capita milk (in 2018-19) availability is
Latitude 29’30” N to 32’32” N the highest in India against 394 gm for the All India
figure (2018-19). (NDDB, 2019)
Longitude 73’55” to 76’ 50” E
• Highest cropping intensity in the country.
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 PUNJAB GK

• Highest net area irrigated CHAPTER – 8

• Highest yield rate per hectare
• Highest contribution of wheat and rice to the MISCELLENOUS
national pool
• 2nd highest consumption of fertilisers. Punjab PRESIDENT'S RULE
consumes 10% of all fertilisers in India
• The highest number of tube wells.
Imposed under Article 356 of the Constitution of India
CHAIRMAN/PRESIDENTS OF VARIOUS and promulgated when the government in a state is
unable to function as per the Constitution. The executive
BODIES IN PUNJAB authority is exercised through the Governor and not by
• Chairman of Punjab State Human Rights the Chief Minister.
Commission: Justice Iqbal Ahmed Ansari has Longest Duration of President Rule: From 1987 To 1992
joined as Chairperson Punjab State Human Rights
Commission on 01.08.2017 for full term of five PRESIDENT’S RULE IN PUNJAB
years.
• Chief Information Commissioner of Punjab: From To Reason
Sh. Suresh Arora, IPS (Retd.) 20 Jun 1951 17 Apr 1952 Political reasons
• Chairman of Punjab Mandi Board: S. Lal Singh To facilitate the bifurcation of Punjab:
• Chief Electoral Officer of Punjab: Sh. S Karuna Raju 5 Jul 1966 1 Nov 1966
Punjab and Haryana
(IAS) 23 Aug 1968 17 Feb 1969 Break-up of coalition
• Chairperson of Punjab State Women’s Commission: - CM advised dissolution of state
Manisha Gulati - (January 2020) 14 Jun 1971 17 Mar 1972
assembly
• President of SGPC: S. Gobind Singh Longowal Political reasons, government of
• Chairman PPSC: Lt. General Surinder Singh 30 Apr 1977 20 Jun 1977
Giani Zail Singh dismissed
Political reasons, government of P S
EDUCATION 17 Feb 1980 6 Jun 1980
Badal dismissed
Insurgency and breakdown of law
UNIVERSITIES LOCATION YEAR ESTB. 10 Oct 1983 29 Sep 1985
and order
Guru Nanak Dev University 11 Jun 1987
Amritsar Nov. 24, 1969 Insurgency and breakdown of law
(GNDU) (Longest 25 Feb 1992
and order
Punjabi University Patiala April 30, 1962
President Rule)

1882 at Lahore; relocated THERMAL POWER PLANTS

Panjab University Chandigarh
to Chandigarh in 1956
Punjab Agriculture University Talwandi Sabo Thermal Power Plant
Ludhiana 1962
(PAU) It is the greenest power plant in the country.
Developer: Vedanta Group.
Punjab Technical University
Jalandhar Jan. 16, 1997
(PTU) /
Rajpura Thermal Power Plant
Baba Farid University of Place: Village Alash in Rajpura
Faridkot July 1998
Health & Sciences Capacity 1400 MW by L& T and was commissioned in
Guru Angad Dev Veterinary Ludhiana 2013. Second unit operational in May 2014.
and Animal Sciences (Bifurcated from Aug. 9, 2005
University PAU) Guru Hargobind Thermal Plant
LPU Phagwara 2006 Situated at Lehra Mohabbat road on State Highway 64.
Thapar University Patiala 1956 Capacity 920 MW.
Rajiv Gandhi National Law
Patiala 2006
University. Guru Nanak Dev Thermal Plant and Guru Gobind
Central University of Punjab Bhatinda 2009 Singh Thermal Plant at Ropar.
All the four units Guru Nanak Dev Thermal Plant at
Indian Institute of Technology Ropar 2008
Bhatinda, w.e.f 01-01-2018
NIPER (National Institute of
Pharmaceutical Education Mohali - Unit 1 and 2 (out of total 6 units) of Guru Gobind Singh
and Research)
Thermal Power Plant at Ropar have been
Indian School of Business Mohali 2012 decommissioned 01-01-2018 by Punjab Govt.
Indian Institute of Science,
Education and Research Mohali 2007 AGRICULTURE: The total cultivable area of the State is
(IISER) 4.2 million hectares, which constitutes only 3% of the
Indian Institute of net area sown in the country.
Amritsar 2015
Management - IIM

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 PUNJAB GK

Yet, with this small area, Punjab ranks 7th as gross CHAPTER – 9
producer of wheat in the world and it generates third
largest marketable surplus after Canada and BYTES ON PUNJAB
Australia, which is about one tenth of the global
trade in wheat. In case of rice, its market surplus is
2nd only to Thailand at the global level. 1) What was the original name of ‘Banda Singh
Bahadur’: Lachman Das
Punjab contributes 75% to India’s bicycle production 2) ‘Banda Singh Bahadur’ belonged to: Rajori Area
and 80% to India's bicycle component manufacturing, (Jammu)
making it the largest bicycle and its components 3) Lachman Das who later on was known as Banda
manufacturing State of the country. Punjab is the Bahadur renounced the world and acquired the
leading manufacturer of Hosiery/Woolen goods which name: Madho Das
contribute 65% to India’s manufacturing of similar 4) Lachman Das after renouncing the world
goods. Punjab’s export to international markets in Yarns acquired the name Madho Das and settled at:
and Textiles is pegged at close to Rs. 6,000 cr. Panchvati (Nasik)
5) Madho Das met Guru Gobind Singh at ______ and
POWER: To meet with the increasing demand, the power acquired the new name Banda Bahadur: Nanded
generation capacity has been raised from 8859 MW in 6) ___________ was sent by Guru Gobind Singh to
2013-14 to 13600 MW till date. The State is now surplus Punjab to seek revenge from enemies of khalsa:
in power generation. The State has achieved 100% rural Banda Bahadur
electrification way back in 1976 and every town and 7) Banda Bahadur conquered Sirhind defeating the
village stands electrified. Moreover, Punjab has one of mughal forces led by: Wazir Khan, Governor of
the lowest Transmission & Distribution Losses (T&D) in Sirhind
the country as it made an impressive reduction from 8) Wazir Khan was defeated by Banda Bahadur at
16.95% in 2013-14 to 13.6% in 2017-18. the battle of: Chapar Chiri
9) Banda Bahadur was defeated in the battle of:
Total Installed Capacity 13600 Gurdas Nangal (Gurdaspur)
Lowest T& D losses 13.6% 10) Banda Bahadur was tortured and executed in the
Electrification of all villages & towns 100% year: 1716 AD
Power surplus – net exporter of power 11) Banda Bahadur established his headquarter at
which place: Mukhlisar (presently in Haryana
Connectivity: near Sadaura in Distt Jagadhari)
Punjab has 100% road connectivity and with a road 12) Mukhlisar was renamed by Banda Bahadur as:
density of 133 per square kilometre, the State is ranked Lohgarh
2nd in the country. The State has a rail density of 49
13) _______was capital of first Sikh state under
kilometre per 1000 square kilometre, which is better
Banda Singh Bahadur from years 1710-1715:
than the national rail density of 20 kilometre per 1000
Lohgarh
square kilometre. In terms of air connectivity, the State
14) Name the person who is known as ‘Bearded
has two international and four domestic airports which
Mother Teresa’: Bhagat Puran Singh
provide ease of connectivity to major destinations within
and outside India. 15) Lala Lajpat Rai was known as: Punjab Kesari
16) Who is known as Flying Sikh of India: Milkha
Singh
17) Le Corbusier, the architect of Chandigarh was
citizen of: France
18) During the Mahabharata period Punjab was
known as: Panchnada
19) Major Gen. Rajinder Singh is also known as:
Sparrow
20) Which Mughal king was instrumental in
execution of ‘Banda Bahadur’: Farukh Siyar
21) In which year ‘Zakariya Khan’ became governor of
Punjab: 1726 AD
22) In which year Nadir Shah attacked Punjab: 1738
AD
23) Mir Manu became governor of Punjab in which
year: 1748 AD
24) When was Dal Khalsa found: 1748 AD
25) In which year Maharaja Ranjit Singh annexed
Lahore: 1799 AD
26) Maharaja Ranjit Singh Annexed Amritsar in:

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 PUNJAB GK

1802 AD Singh
27) Kashmir became part of Lahore Durbar (Kingdom 56) Singh Sabha movement started in the year:
of Maharaja Ranjit Singh) in the year: 1819 AD October 1, 1873 AD
28) The regime of Maharaja Ranjit Singh was also 57) The first president of Singh Sabha Movement
known as: Lahore Durbar was: Thakur Singh Sandhwalia
29) Treaty of Amritsar was signed in the year: 1809 58) Who was the first President of Shriomani
AD Gurudwara Parbandhak Committee: Baba
30) Maharaja Ranjit Singh was crowned on: April 12, Kharak Singh
1801 AD 59) How many districts are in the state of Punjab: 22
31) Maharaja Ranjit Singh belonged to ______ Misl: 60) Punjab is divided into how many divisions: 5
Sukerchakia 61) The latest division constituted is: Roopnagar
32) What was the name of father of Maharaja Ranjit 62) What is the previous name of Roopnagar: Ropar
Singh: Sardar Maha Singh 63) Longowal institute of engineering and technology
33) Maharaja Ranjit Singh belongs to _______ Sikh is situated in: Distt Sangrur (Longowal)
clan: Sandhwalia 64) How many members of Parliament to Lok Sabha
34) Maharaja Ranjit Singh was crowned by: Sri are elected from the state of Punjab: 13
Sahib Singh Bedi 65) In which year was Punjabi declared as the official
35) Sri Sahib Singh Bedi was a descendent of: Sri language of the Punjab: 1966
Guru Nanak Dev Ji 66) The most famous city of Punjab is: Amritsar
36) Takhat Sri Patna Sahib and Takhat Sri Hajoor 67) Which is the largest international airport in
Sahib was got built by: Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab: Raja Sansi, Amritsar
37) Maharaja Ranjit Singh got ________ gold plated: 68) The international airport situated at Raja Sansi
Sri Harminder Sahib Amritsar is known as: Guru Ram Das
38) During the reign of Banda Bahadur, Sikhsgot International Airport
divided into: Tat Khalsa and Bandai Sikhs 69) The Anandpur Sahib Resolution was adopted by
39) Name the person who united Tat khalsa (sZs Akali Dal in the year: 1973
ykb;k) and Bandai The Sikhs: Bhai Mani Singh 70) According to World Bank _______ is the easiest
40) Bandi Chhor Diwas is coincides with which city to do business: Ludhiana
Hindu festival: Dipawali 71) The most polluted city in Punjab is: Ludhiana
41) Singhpuria Misl was founded by: Nawab Kapur 72) The old name of Punjab was: Sapta Sindhu
Singh 73) What is the name of the place where Guru Nanak
42) The other name for Singhpuria Misl was: Dev Ji met ‘Sidhas’: Kailash Parbat
Faizalpuria 74) Kailash Parbat is also known as: Sumer Parbat
43) Ahluwalia Misl was founded by: Jassa Singh 75) ________ is also known as “Hind Di Chaddar”:
Ahluwalia Guru Teg Bahadur Ji
44) Jassa Singh Ahluwalia was given the title of 76) Which Guru is known as ‘Shahidaan De Sartaj’:
______ by Nawab Kapur Singh: Sultan-ul-quam Guru Arjan Dev Ji
45) Sukherchakia Misl was founded by: Sardar 77) Sikh heritage complex has been developed at:
Charat Singh (Grandfather of Maharaja Ranjit Anandpur Sahib
Singh) 78) Rajiv Gandhi Law University is situated at:
46) Small Holocaust took place in the year: 1746 AD Patiala
at Kahnuwan (Gurdaspur) 79) National Institute of Sports is situated in which
47) The 2nd Holocaust took place at a place near city of Punjab: Patiala
Ahmedgarh called: Village Kup 80) Beating The Retreat is held at the international
48) The 2nd Holocaust took place in the year: 1762 border between India and Pakistan at: Wagha
AD Border (Attari, Amritsar)
49) In the 2nd Holocaust Sikhs were defeated by: 81) What is the name of the Punjabi Poetess to get
Ahmed Shah Abdali the Jananpith Award: Amrita Pritam
50) The 2nd Holocaust is known as: Wadda 82) Who was the first governor of the state of Punjab:
Khalughara Chandulal Trivedi
51) Dal Khalsa was organized into two sections: 83) Punjabi University was established at Patiala in
Budha Dal and Taruna Dal the year: 1962
52) Nirankari Movement was founded by: Baba Dayal 84) The first Punjabi novelist to get Jananpith Award:
Das Gurdial Singh
53) Which movement was founded by Baba Ram 85) Who was the first ‘Akali’ Chief Minister of Punjab:
Singh: Namdari Justice Gurnam Singh
54) Baba Ram Singh was disciple of whom: Baba 86) Who became the first Chief Minister of Punjab at
Balak Singh the time of partition in 1947: Dr. Gopi Chand
55) The founded of Kuka Movement was: Baba Balak Bhargava

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 PUNJAB GK

87) Dr. Gopi Chand Bhargava belonged to which 116) In which year Guru Gobind Singh Ji breathed his
party: Indian National Congress last: 1708 AD
88) The borders of Punjab are contagious with how 117) Name the emperor who got the 9th Guru of Sikh
many Indian states: Four Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji executed: Aurangzeb
89) Name the four states with which Punjab shares 118) In which year Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji attained
its borders: Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, J & K Martyrdom:11th November, 1675
& Rajasthan 119) At which place Guru Gobind Singh Ji breathed
90) As per 2011 census what is the population of his last: Hazoor Sahib (Maharashtra)
Punjab: 2.77 crores 120) By which other name is Hazoor Sahib known as:
91) How many MLAs are elected to Vidhan Sabha of Nanded
Punjab: 117 121) To whom was the Zaffarnamah addressed:
92) Which district has been carved out of Ferozpur in Aurangzeb
2011 : Fazilka 122) What is the meaning of Zaffarnamah: Epistle of
93) Fazilka is ____ district of Punjab : 21st Victory
94) Pathankot was given the status of district in 123) In which language is Zaffarnamah written:
2011. Out of which district was this district Persian
carved out : Gurdaspur 124) Guru Nanak Dev Ji was born in the year: 1469
95) What was the original name of Guru Angad Dev AD
Ji: Bhai Lehna Ji 125) In which year did Guru Nanak Dev Ji breathed
96) In the battle of Anandpur Sahib, a disciple his last: 1539 AD
supplied water to all soldiers irrespective of the 126) The ‘Travels’ by Guru Nanak Dev Ji are known
fact whether they belonged to forces led by Guru as: Udasis
Gobind Singh Ji or Mughals. His name was: Bhai 127) How many journeys were undertaken by Guru
Kanhaiya Nanak Devi Ji: Four
97) Hazoor Sahib is situated at the banks of which 128) What was the name of Father of Guru Nanak Dev
river: Godavari Ji: Mehta Kalyan Das
98) The Sikh flag is known as: Nishan Sahib 129) What was the name of mother of Guru Nanak
99) Number of alphabets in ‘Gurumukhi’ are: 35 Dev Ji: Mata Tripta Ji
100) Guru Nanak Dev was born at which place: 130) Name the wife of Guru Nanak Dev Ji: Mata
Talwandi (Nankana Sahib) presently in Sulakhni
Pakistan 131) Name the wife of Guru Angad Dev Ji, whose
101) Who composed ‘Anand Sahib’: Guru Amardas name also appears in Guru Granth Sahib: Mata
102) Guru Amardas was born at: Village Basarke Khivi
103) Guru Ramdas born at: Lahore (Chuna Mandi) 132) Who were the contemporary rulers of India
104) Which Mughal ruler got guru Arjan Dev Ji during the times of Guru Nanak Dev Ji: Lodhis,
executed: Emperor Jahanagir Babur, Himayun
105) In which year Guru Arjan Dev Ji attained 133) Which Mughal emperor visited and paid
Martyrdom: 1606 AD obeisance to Guru Amar Das Ji: Akbar
106) How was Guru Hargobind related to Guru Arjan 134) Guru Amar Das Ji directed the mughal emperor
Dev Ji: Guru Hargobind was son of Guru Arjan to ________ before paying his obeisance: sit in
Dev Ji the langar and partake food with commoners
107) Guru Harbogind was born at: Guru ki Wadali 135) How was the Guru Ram Das Ji related to Guru
(Amritsar) Amar Das Ji: Guru Ram Das Ji was son in law
108) In which year was Guru Harkrishan Ji born: of Guru Amar Das Ji
1656 AD 136) What was the name of wife of Guru Ram Das Ji:
109) Guru Harkrishan was son of: Guru Har Rai Ji Bibi Bhani
110) How was Guru Har Rai related to Guru 137) What was the name of father of Guru Arjan Dev
Hargobind: Guru Har Rai was grandson of Guru Ji: Guru Ram Das Ji
Hargobind Ji 138) Name the contemporary rulers during the times
111) What was the name of father of Guru Har Rai: of Guru Arjan Dev Ji: Akbar and Jahangir
Bhai Gurditta Ji 139) Guru Hargobind Ji was imprisoned by which
112) Who was the 9th Guru of The Sikhs: Guru Tegh Mughal king: Jahangir
Bahadur Sahib Ji 140) At which place was Guru Hargobind Ji
113) Guru Tegh Bahadur was son of: Guru Hargobind imprisoned: Gwalior Fort
Ji (6th Guru of The Sikhs) 141) Name the Gurudwara which stand at the place
114) At which place was Guru Tegh Bahadur born: where Guru Arjan Dev Ji was Martyred:
Amritsar Gurudwara Dehra Sahib (Lahore, in 1606)
115) In which year was Guru Gobind Singh Ji born: 142) What was the name of wife of Guru Arjan Dev Ji:
1666 AD Mata Ganga Ji

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143) What was the original name of Guru Arjan Dev 171) “Asa Di Var” is composed by : Guru Nanak Dev ji
Ji: Arjan Mal 172) Japji Sahib is the vani of which Sikh Guru: Guru
144) Which city was founded by the 3rd guru of Sikhs Nanak Dev Ji
Guru Amardas Ji: Gobindwal Sahib 173) Who laid the foundation of Harmandir Sahib
145) Which city was founded by Guru Angad Dev Ji, (Amritsar): Mian Mir
the 2nd guru: Khadoor Sahib 174) Who was the scribe of Guru Granth Sahib when
146) What was the original name of Guru Ramdas Ji, it was dictated by Guru Gobind Singh Ji: Bhai
4th Sikh guru: Bhai Jetha Ji Mani Singh
147) Which “Salokas” by Guru Nanak referred to 175) Sukhmani Sahib is composition of which Guru:
invasion by Babar: Babarvani Guru Arjan Dev Ji
148) Where was Guru Nanak imprisoned by Babar 176) What was the original name of Guru Gobind
forces: Sayyadpur, In Pakistan Singh Ji: Gobind Rai
149) Name the place and the Gurudwara where Guru 177) Apart from the ‘vani’ of six gurus, Guru Granth
Nanak Dev Ji mollified Vali Kandhari: Panja Sahib contains compositions of how many
Sahib Bhagats: Fifteen
150) What was the name of the demon Guru Nanak 178) Apart from Gurus and Bhagats, Guru Granth
Dev Ji met while passing through Assam: Kauda Sahib contains compositions of _________
Rakshash Bhattas: Eleven
151) What is the name of the composition that records 179) Name the person who got the Gurudwara at
the dialogue between Guru Nanak Dev Ji and Nanded (Hazoor Sahib) built: Maharaja Ranjit
Sidhas: Sidh Ghosht Singh
152) What is the name of the two accomplices of Guru 180) How many Hymns in Guru Granth Sahib are
Nanak Dev Ji: Bhai Mardana Ji and Bhai Bala contributed by Fifteen Bhagats: 922
Ji 181) Which Bhagat has contributed maximum Hymns
153) Name the Muslim accomplice of Guru Nanak Ji in Guru Granth Sahib: Bhagat Kabir
who carried “Rabab” with him: Bhai Mardana 182) How many Hymns of Bhagat Kabir are included
154) The concept of ‘MIRI-PIRI’ was established by: in Guru Granth Sahib: 541
Guru Hargobind Ji 183) What was the hereditary occupation of Bhagat
155) Which guru was made to sit on hot iron plate and Kabir: Weaver
burning sand was put on his body: Guru Arjan 184) Bhagat Kabir belonged to which cast: Julaha
Dev Ji 185) At which place in Delhi was Guru Tegh Bahadur
156) Which guru established Amritsar: Guru Ramdas martyred: Chandani Chowk
Ji 186) Which Gurudwara is situated at Chandani
157) Which guru got the tank in Amritsar excavated: Chowk in memory of Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji:
Guru Ramdas Ji Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib
158) Name the spiritual leader who got Harmandir 187) Name the Gurudwara situated at the place where
Sahib built: Guru Arjan Dev Ji body of Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib Ji was
159) Who compiled Adi Granth: Guru Arjan Dev Ji cremated: Gurudwara Rakab Ganj
160) Adi Granth is also known as: Pothi Sahib 188) Who carried the head of Guru Tegh Bahadur
161) Adi Granth contained ‘Vani’ of how many Sikh from Delhi to Anandpur Sahib: Bhai Jaita Ji
Guru’s: Five 189) Name the three persons who were martyred along
162) The Guru Granth Sahib contains vani of how with Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib: Bhai Mati Das,
many Sikh gurus: Six (First Five and The Ninth Bhai Sati Das, Bhai Dayala
Guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji) 190) What was the name of the leader of delegation of
163) Who was the first head granthi of Harminder Kashmiri Brahamans that came to seek help from
Sahib: Baba Budha Ji Guru Tegh Bahadur: Pandit Kirpa Ram
164) How many pages does Guru Granth Sahib 191) Who built the Gurudwaras Rakab Ganj and Sis
contained: 1430 pages Ganj built: Sardar Baghel Singh in 1790
165) When was Guru Granth Sahib anointed as 192) Gurmukhi script was standardized by : 2nd Guru
eternal guru of The Sikhs: 6th October, 1708 Angad Dev ji
166) In which year construction of Harmandir Sahib 193) On which day of 1699 Guru Gobind Singh Ji
completed: 1589 AD created Panth Khalsa: Vaisakhi (13th April
167) Who was the scribe of Adi Granth: Bhai Gurdas 1699)
Ji 194) Which person is said to have betrayed Mata Gujri
168) Name the institution started by the 6th Guru Ji and two younger sons of Guru Gobind Singh
Hargobind Ji: Akal Takhat Ji: Gangu Brahamin
169) At what age Baba Budha Ji passed away: 125 195) Name the Gurudwara which stands at the place
years in 1631 where two younger sons of Guru Gobind Singh Ji
170) How many Guru’s did Baba Budha Ji serve: six were bricked alive: Gurudwara Fatehgarh Sahib

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196) Name the five takhats: i) Akal Takhat (Amritsar) turban: Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji
ii) Damdama Sahib (Talwandi Sabo) iii) 223) Tyagmal was the original name of which Sikh
Keshgarh Sahib (Anandpur Sahib) iv) Patna Guru: Guru Tegh Bahadur
Sahib (Bihar) v) Hazoor Sahib (Nanded) 224) Which Sikh Guru was born in the city of Patna:
197) Who succeeded Aurangzeb after his death: Guru Gobind Singh Ji
Bahadur Shah 225) Which Sikh Guru passed on the “Guruship” to
198) Banda Bahadur was baptised by Guru Gobind Guru Granth Sahib: Guru Gobind Singh Ji
Singh Ji and was given the name __________: 226) The autobiography of Guru Gobind Singh Ji is
Gurubaksh Singh called: Bachitra Natak
199) Which city was established by Guru Nanak Dev 227) Masand system was established by Guru Arjan
Ji: Kartarpur Dev Ji. This system was abolished by: Guru
200) Amritsar Sahib was established by which Sikh Gobind Singh Ji
Guru: Guru Ram Das 228) The concept of Panj Pyare was conceived by
201) Taran-Taran was established by: Guru Arjan Dev which Sikh Guru: Guru Gobind Singh Ji
Ji 229) The present day Muktsar was earlier known by
202) Apart from Taran-Taran Sahib which other city the name of: Khidrana-Di-Dhab
was establish by Guru Arjan Dev Ji: Kiratpur 230) The name of mother of Guru Gobind Singh was:
203) Guru Arjan Dev was born at: Gobindwal Sahib Mata Gujri
204) Guru Nanak Dev was married to Mata Sulakhni. 231) The place where forty followers of Guru Gobind
The marriage took place in __________ city: Batala Singh attained martyrdom while fighting to save
205) The erstwhile name of Amritsar was: Guru ka Guru Gobind Singh Ji: Muktsar
Chak 232) The belongings of Guru Gobind Singh Ji were lost
206) The original name of Nankana Sahib was: in the _________ river while he left Anandpur
Talwandi Rai Bhoe Sahib: Siswan
207) Guru Nanak Dev had two sons. Their names are: 233) The Guru Granth Sahib in the present format
Baba Sri Chand and Lakhmi Chand was composed by Guru Gobind Singh at which
208) Mian –Mir led the foundation stone of Harminder place: Damdama Sahib
Sahib. The design of Harminder was conceived 234) Gurudwara Damadama Sahib is situated at:
by: Guru Ramdas Ji Talwandi Sabo
209) Prithi Chand was brother of which Sikh Guru: 235) Name the Panj Pyare of Guru Gobind Singh Ji:
Guru Arjan Dev Bhai Daya Singh, Bhai Dharam Singh, Bhai
210) Guru Ram Das, before he was anointed the Himmat Singh, Bhai Mohkam Singh and Bhai
fourth Guru of Sikhs was known by the name: Sahib Singh
Bhai Jetha Ji 236) Name the four son's of Guru Gobind Singh Ji
211) Bhai Guru Das was son of younger brother of who were martyred: Sahibzada Jujhar Singh,
which Sikh Guru: Guru Amardas Sahibzada Ajit Singh, Sahibzada Zorawar
212) Which Sikh Guru introduced the system of Singh, Sahibzada Fateh Singh
Masand: Guru Arjan Dev Ji 237) Apart from Zafarnama, Guru Gobind Singh also
213) The first Sikh Guru to be martyred was: Guru composed: Dasam Granth
Arjan Dev Ji 238) Savaiye Sahib is a composition by which Sikh
214) Guru Gobind Singh Ji had __________ sons: Four Guru: Guru Gobind Singh Ji
215) Two elder sons of Guru Gobind Singh were 239) Arrange the four son's of Guru Gobind Singh ji,
martyred in the battle of: Chamkaur Sahib who were martyred in order of their age:
216) The name of sons of Guru Gobind Singh who Sahibzada Ajit Singh (1687 - 1705), Sahibzada
were martyred in the battle of Chamkaur Sahib Jujhar Singh (1691 - 1705), Sahibzada Zorawar
were: Ajit Singh and Jujhar Singh Singh (1696-1705), Sahibzada Fateh Singh
217) The younger sons of Guru Gobind Singh were (1699-1705)
bricked alive at which place: Sirhind (Fatehgarh 240) Guru Tegh Bahadur purchased land from ruler of
Sahib) __________ to establish a new city: Bilaspur
218) The name of two younger sons of Guru Gobind (presently in Himachal Pradesh)
Singh Ji who were bricked alive at Sirhind were: 241) Guru Tegh Bahadur purchased land in the village
Baba Fateh Singh and Zoravar Singh __________ to establish a new city: Makhowa
219) Which Guru built a fort at Amritsar: Guru 242) The city established by Guru Tegh Bahadur at
Hargobind Sahib Makhowa was named as: Chak Nanki
220) The fort built by Guru Hargobind Ji at Amritsar 243) The city ‘Chak Nanki’ was established by Guru
was known by the name of: Lohgarh Tegh Bahadur after the name of his: Mother
221) Another fort by the name of Lohgarh was built 244) The present name of Chak Nanki is: Anandpur
near Sadhaura in Haryana by: Banda Bahadur Sahib
222) The first Sikh Guru to wear a “Kalgi” on his 245) The “Takhat” at Anandpur Sahib is known as:

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Gurudwara Keshgarh Sahib 274) What was the name of the new Indian state
246) The birth place of Khalsa is located in Anandpur constituted by merging eight Indian princely
Sahib and is known as: Takhat Sri Darbar Sahib states of Punjab region: PEPSU
Keshgarh Sahib 275) What is the full form of PEPSU: Patiala and
247) The word Punjab has been taken from which Eastern Punjab States Union
language: Persian 276) Seven Indian princely states which were merged
248) During the Vedic period Punjab was known by to constitute PEPSU: Patiala, Nabha, Jind,
the name of: Sapt Sindhu Kapurthala, Malerkotla, Faridkot, Kalsian
249) During a Pre-Aryan period Punjab was known by and Nalagrah
the name of: Panchnad 277) Who was the first Rajpramukh of PEPSU:
250) In the Greek literature Punjab finds its mention Maharaja Yadavindra Singh of Patiala
as: Panta Potamia 278) Who was the Up-Rajpramukh of PEPSU:
251) The famous center of learning in ancient Punjab Maharaja Jagatjit Singh of Kapurthala
was known by the name of: Takshila 279) PEPSU was created by the merger of seven Indian
252) Takshila at present is located in: Pakistan princely states in the year: 1950
253) During the Vedic period Punjab was known as 280) PEPSU was merged in the state of Punjab in the
Sapt Sindhu. What is the meaning of Sapt year: 1956
Sindhu: Land of Seven Rivers 281) In which year was Punjab divided to create
254) The earliest known invasion of Punjab was by: another state of Haryana: 1966
Alexander of Macedonia 282) On which date was Punjab divided to create the
255) Alexander defeated the Indian king ____________: new state of Haryana: November 1, 1966
King Porus 283) Which committee was appointed by the
256) Porus was defeated by Alexander in the battle of: government of India to settle the territorial
Hydespus boundaries between Punjab and Haryana:
257) Hydespus is the other name of river: Jhelum Justice J. C. Shah Commission
258) Mohd. Gajini is said to have invaded India: 17 284) In which year was operation “Blue Star”
times conducted by Indian Army to flush out terrorist
259) In the 13th century Mohd. Ghori defeated ________ from Golden Temple: June, 1984
to establish his regime in India: Prithvi Raj 285) Who was the leader of the Sikh organizations,
Chauhan who died while fighting against Indian Army in
260) In the 16th century forces led by Babar defeated the operation “Blue Star”: Jarnail Singh
whom to establish Mughal empire: Ibrahim Bhinderanwale
Lodhi 286) In which year was agreement signed between
261) Ibrahim Lodhi was defeated by Babar in the first Akali Dal and Government of India to resolve the
battle of: Panipat Punjab issue: 1985
262) The first battle of Panipat was fought in the year: 287) The agreement to resolve the Punjab issue signed
1526 AD in the year 1985 is known as: Rajiv Longowal
263) The 2nd battle of Panipat was fought between Agreement
forces led by Babur and Ibrahim Lodhi in the 288) Name the army general who led operation “Blue
year: 1556 AD Star”: Lt. General K. Sundarji
264) The 2nd battle of Panipat was fought between 289) At the time of "Blue Star" operation which Sikh
forces of Akbar and __________: Hemu holiday was being organized at Golden Temple:
265) Timur Lang invaded India in the year: 1398 AD Martyrdom Day of Guru Arjan Dev Ji
266) Who emerged victorious in the 3rd battle of 290) In which year was Shiromani Gurudwara
Panipat: Ahmed Shah Abdali Prabandhak Committee formed: 1920
267) Who was appointed Subedar of Sirhind by Ahmed 291) Under which Act was SGPC recognized and
Shah Abadli: Ala Singh of Patiala constituted under it: Sikh Gurudwara Act, 1925
268) The first Anglo Sikh war was fought in: 1845 292) Arya Samaj movement was founded by whom:
269) The second Anglo Sikh was fought between: 1848 Swami Dayanand Saraswati
-1849 293) In which year Swami Dayanand founded the
movement of Arya Samaj: 1875 AD
270) At the time of second Anglo Sikh war, Punjab was
governed by: Maharaja Dalip Singh 294) Which movement was founded by Shiv Naryan
271) After the first Anglo Sikh war, who was appointed Agnihotri in the year 1887: Dev Samaj
as the ruler of Punjab: Maharani Jindan Movement
272) After the 2nd Anglo Sikh war, Punjab was made: 295) Which movement was started to reform Islam and
Province of British Indian Empire defend it against Christian missionaries and Arya
Samajists: Ahmadiyaa Movement
273) At the time of independence in 1947, Punjab was
296) Ahmadiyya Movement also known as Qadiani
divided into: West Punjab (Pakistan) and East
Movement was founded by: Mirza Ghulam
Punjab (India)

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Ahmad 326) What is the length of Bhakhara Dam? 518.25

297) The area between Satluj and Beas rivers is called meters
_______ : Bist Doab. 327) What is the height of Bhakhara Dam? 225.55
298) The area between rivers Ravi and Chenab is meters
called _______ : Rachna Doab 328) From which district Sirhind Canal originates?
299) What is the name of the area which falls between Roop Nagar
Chenab and Jhelum rivers: Chhaj Doab 329) Which canal was constructed in 1980’s to supply
300) Which part of the Punjab is called “Bangar water to Haryana but is not in use? Satluj
Pradesh” : Area falling between Ghaggar and Yamuna Link Canal (SYL Canal)
Yamuna 330) Rivers of Punjab flows from_____ to______.: North
301) The present day Punjab constitutes _______ East to South West
percent of total geographical area of India. 1.54% 331) Amritsar falls in which doab area of Punjab. Bari
302) Shivallik ranges are situated on which side of Doab
Punjab : North East 332) Which river is used to flow in Punjab but now
303) Malwa region falls between which two rivers: vanished. Saraswati
Ghaggar and Satluj 333) How many districts were in Punjab prior to its
304) What is the total no. of districts in the present partition in 1947: 29+Delhi
day Punjab : 22 334) What was the name given to the region of Punjab
305) How many districts are in Majha area of Punjab : which became part of India after partition? East
Four Punjab
306) The no. of districts in Malwa region of Punjab are 335) Prior to shifting at Chandigarh, Panjab University
: 14 was situated at which place: Lahore, Now in
307) The no. of districts in Doaba region of Punjab are Pakistan.
: Four 336) Who was the founder was newspaper "The
308) Which area is called heart of Punjab : Majha Tribune": S. Dyal Singh Majithia
309) “Khader” areas are known by the name of ______ 337) Which place was the capital of Punjab from 1947-
in Punjab : Baet 53? Shimla
310) At which place river Beas merges with river Satluj 338) In which year was PEPSU merged with Punjab?
: Harike Pattan 1956
311) Bhakhra Canal originates from which river : 339) Why was Dyal Singh College, situated at Delhi
Satluj was in the news recently: it's name was changed
312) On which river has Pong Dam been constructed : to Vande Matram College.
Beas 340) Which was the largest princely state among the 8
313) Which major Industrial town is situated on banks princely states merged in 1948 to create PEPSU?
of river Satluj : Ludhiana Patiala
314) Ranjit Sagar Dam is constructed on which river: 341) Upper Bari Doab Canal originates from which
Ravi river: Ravi
315) Which rivers crisscrosses border between India 342) Anandpur Sahib is situated in which district :
and Pakistan : Ravi Roop Nagar ( Ropar)
316) Which is the smallest river flowing in Punjab : 343) Geographically Punjab ranks_____in population
Beas Census (2011) of India : 15th
317) Beas River originates from_______ : Beas Kund 344) Punjab ranks 15th in terms of population and
near Rohtang Pass in HP accounts for ____ of the total population of India :
318) Which is the Longest River in Punjab :Satluj 2.3%
319) Which is the longest canal of Punjab : Sirhind 345) Upper Bari Doab Hydel power station is situated
Canal at which place: Malikpur (Pathankot)
320) River Satluj originates from which place : 346) At which place in Punjab, is largest Railway
Mansrover Lake in Tibet Junction situated : Bhatinda
321) Satluj River flows from which two states of India : 347) Which canal originate from Harrike barrage:
HP and Punjab Makkhu
322) Ropar Thermal Plant is situated on banks of 348) Makkhu canal originates from Harrike barrage
which river: Satluj and irrigates which part of Punjab- Moga
323) Bhakra Dam is situated in which district: Roop 349) According to 2011 census what is the ratio of
Nagar District Punjab population as compared with the total
324) In which year Bhakhara Dam was constructed: population of India : 2.3%
22 October 1963 350) How much of the population lives in Malwa
325) Name the lake formed at river Satluj after region of Punjab : 59.93%
construction of Bhakhra Dam: Gobind Sagar 351) ______ % of its population lives in Majha area of
Lake Punjab : 21.30

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352) What is share of population that lives in Doaba 380) Central University of Punjab is situated _____
area of Punjab : 18.77% district : Bathinda
353) How much of Punjab population lives in rural 381) Virasat-e-Khalsa museum is situated at________ :
areas of Punjab : 62.5% Anandpur Sahib
354) How much of Indian population lives in rural 382) Puspa Gujral Museum is situated in __________:
areas : 68.8% Kapurthala
355) _____ % of Punjab population lives in urban areas 383) Which district of Punjab does not have
: 37.5% contagious boundary : Kapurthala
356) What is rank of Punjab in terms of urbanization 384) At which place is fertilizer producing plant is
among states/ UTs : 13th situated in Punjab: Nangal
357) Which is the largest city in Punjab on the basis of 385) Punjab produces ____ % of total cotton crop
population: Ludhiana produced in India: 10.26%
358) As per census 2011, Scheduled Castes in India 386) How much area of Punjab is good for cultivation:
constitute ____ % of Indian population : 16.6% 83%
359) As per 2011 census percentage of Scheduled 387) Punjab produces ________percent of wheat of the
caste population in Punjab is : 31.9% total production of India:
360) The rank of Punjab in terms of percentage of 388) Who is the author of book "A Ridge Too Far War
population with scheduled caste population is : In the Kargil Heights 1999"? Captain Amrinder
First Singh
361) As per 2011 census, Punjab accounts for ____ of 389) The popular book "The History of Sikhs" written
the total scheduled castes population in India : by _________? Khushwant Singh
4.4% 390) In which Udasi Mardana accompanied Guru
362) Which National Highway connects Chandigarh to Nanak Dev: 1st and 4th
Ferozepur: NH95 391) Which is the largest railway junction in Asia:
363) Which is the longest national highway passing Bathinda
through Punjab: NH15 392) The rivers Satluj enter in India at: Shipki in
364) NH64 connects which two major cities of Punjab: Himachal Pradesh
Chandigarh - Bathinda 393) The Divisional Headquarters of railway is situated
365) Which National Highway connects Delhi with at which city in Punjab: Ferozepur
Wagah Border : NH1 394) Which movie has been made on the life history of
366) What is the length of national highway No. NH-1 : the last Sikh king Maharaja Dalip Singh: The
456km Black Prince
367) Under which project Gurdaspur-Khemkaran road 395) Name the last battle fought between the Sikhs
has been declared as a national highway: and the British during second Anglo Sikh wars:
“Bharatmala project” Battle of Gujarat
368) How many national highways pass through 396) Who was appointed as the British resident in the
Punjab : 12 Lahore darbar of Mahara Dulip Singh after the
369) Which state is on the eastern border of Punjab : first Anglo Sikh war: Sir Henry Lawrence
Himachal Pradesh 397) Name the mother of Maharaj Dulpi Singh who
370) Which state lies to the North of Punjab : Jammu was exciled by Henry Lawrence: Maharani Jind
and Kashmir Kaur
371) Which grain market is known as the largest in 398) Who was the Governor of Multan during the
the whole Asia : Khanna regine of Maharaj Ranjit Singh: Diwan Mulraj
372) District Fazilka was created in which year : July 399) Who was the immediate successor of Maharaja
2011 Ranjit Singh: Kharak Singh
373) The present day Fazilka was part of which district 400) Name the Dogra king who purchased Kashmir
of Punjab : Ferozpur from East India Company and was granted the
374) Which Bein flow between Satluj and Beas river : title of Maharaja: Gulab Singh
Kali and Chitti
375) Which district of Punjab has the highest literacy
rate? Hoshiarpur
376) The geographical location of Punjab is______ 29o.
30’, 32o.32’,73o.55’, 76o.50
377) Which place in Punjab is famous for its furniture
: Kartarpur
378) Rail Coach Factory is situated in which district :
Kapurthala
379) Guru Gobind Oil Refinery is situated in which
district: Bhatinda

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CHAPTR – 10 16) Which of the following district does not share

border with Pakistan?
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS a) Muktsar b) Firozpur
c) Taran Taran d) Fazilka
1) Area wise, what is rank of Punjab among 29 states 17) Which of the following represents the exact
of India is (after bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh): geographical location of Punjab?
a) 20th b) 18th a) 29’30” N to 32’ 32” N and 73’ 55” E to 76’50” E
c) 19th d) 17th b) 73’ 55” N to 76’50” N and 29’30” E to 32’ 32” E
2) On the basis of population, Punjab is equivalent to c) 28’30” N to 31’ 32” N and 73’ 55” E to 76’50” E
which of the following country? d) 73’ 55” N to 76’50” N and 28’ 55” E to 28’50” E
a) Venezuela b) Laos 18) The state bird of Punjab is ‘Baz’. Its English name
c) Maldives d) Sri Lanka is:
3) For the first time in India President Rule was a) Chanting Parrot b) Western eagle
imposed in which of the following states? c) Eastern Goshawk’s d) Southern vulture
a) Haryana b) Andhra Pradesh 19) Punjab University was established in which of the
c) Punjab d) Jammu Kashmir following year?
4) President’s Rule can be imposed in India under a) 1982 b) 1882
which article of the constitution? c) 1980 d) 1880
a) Article 350 b) Article 352 20) Name the crop which has the highest yield per
c) Article 356 d) Article 360 hectare in Punjab?
5) How many times has the President Rule been a) Rice b) Wheat
imposed in Punjab? c) Sugarcane d) Maize
a) 8 b) 9 21) How much of Punjab population lives in Rural
c) 7 d) 6 areas?
6) In which year was the President rule imposed in a) 60.5% b) 64%
Punjab for the first time? c) 55% d) 62.5%
a) 1951 b) 1966 22) Punjab receives winter rainfall in month of
c) 1950 d) 1955 December- March is because of
7) Name the state which has faced President’s rule for a) Cyclones
maximum number of times? b) Western Disturbances
a) Uttar Pradesh b) Punjab c) Monsoonal Rainfall
c) Jammu and Kashmir d) Andhra Pradesh d) None of the above
8) How many districts of Punjab share border with 23) Maharaja Ranjit Singh award is given in the field of
Haryana? a) Literature b) Defence
a) 5 b) 6 c) Sports d) Art
c) 4 d) 7 24) Name the first person to receive Maharaja Ranjit
9) How many districts of Punjab shares border with Singh award?
Rajasthan? a) Milkha Singh b) Pargat Singh
a) 1 b) 2 c) Baljinder Singh d) Dhyan Chand
c) 3 d) 4 25) First awardee of Punjab Ratan Award is
a) Smt. Amrita Pritam
10) How many districts of Punjab shares border with b) Dr K.N. Pathak, Vice-Chancellor, Punjab University
Himachal Pradesh? c) Khushwant Singh, Writer
a) 3 b) 4 d) Yash Chopra, Film Director
c) 5 d) 6 26) Who started the Dev Samaj Movement in Punjab?
11) Name the district of Punjab which share border a) Swami Dayanand
with maximum no. of districts? b) Swami Vivekanand
a) Jalandhar b) Patiala c) Sri Shiv Naryan Agnihotari
c) Faridkot d) Ludhiana d) Sri Asha Ram Bapu
12) How many states share border with Punjab? 27) Name the first member of the House of Lords to
a) 5 b) 4 wear a turban.
c) 3 d) 6 a) Raminder Singh b) Inderdeep Singh
13) How many district of Punjab shares border with c) Iswar Singh d) Inderjit Singh
Jammu and Kashmir? 28) Which of the following district does not share
a) 2 b) 1 border with Pakistan?
c) 3 d) 4 a) Taran-Taran b) Pathankot
14) Name the district of Punjab in which the greenest c) Kapurthala d) Amritsar
thermal power plant of the country was 29) What is the strength of Punjab Vidhan Sabha
inaugurated in 2013: (MLAs)?
a) Rajpura b) Talwandi Sabo a) 119 b) 185
c) Bathinda d) Ropar c) 87 d) 117
15) How many districts of Punjab share border with 30) Punjab had how many districts in the year 1966
Pakistan? after its bifurcation and creation of Haryana?
a) 3 b) 4 a) 10 b) 15
c) 5 d) 6 c) 13 d) 11

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 PUNJAB GK

31) How many seats were won by Indian National c) Guru Hari Kishan d) Guru Ram Das
Congress in the elections held for Lok Sabha 47) Which of the following is not a type of dance of
Elections in 2019? Punjab?
a) 9 b) 8 a) Jhoomer b) Luddi
c) 7 d) 6 c) Julli d) Chope
32) At which place the renowned Rural Olympic Games 48) Scheduled caste comprise what percent of total
are held? population of Punjab State?
a) Doraha b) Muktsar a) 31.9 b) 34.9
c) Chandigarh d) Qila Raipur c) 33.5 d) 37.8
33) Chhapar Mela is held to commemorate __________? 49) How many castes have been notified by the state of
a) Bhairav Nath b) Baba Balak Nath Punjab under Scheduled Caste?
c) Basanti Mata d) Gugga Pir a) 36 b) 37
34) Punjab has established its first Medicinal Plants c) 38 d) 39
Nursery in which of the following district 50) Festival Holla mohalla is celebrated day after which
a) Bathinda b) Mohali of the following festival?
c) Patiala d) Hoshiarpur a) Ram-Naumi b) Holi
35) Who was the first Vice Chancellor of Punjab c) Teej d) Dushehra
Agriculture University, Ludhiana? 51) Which of the following is not correct?
a) Dr. S. S. Johal a) Majhi- Amritsar b) Doabi- Jalandhar
b) Dr. Mahinder Singh Randhawa c) Pwadi- Fazilka
c) Tota Singh d) None of these d) Malwi- Malerkotla
36) At which place India's largest food processing plant 52) Which of the following is the first woman to receive
has been commissioned in Punjab by ITC? Sahitya Akademi Award?
a) Amritsar b) Jalandhar a) Dalip Kaur Tiwana b) Amrita Pritam
c) Hoshiarpur d) Kapurthala c) Paramjit Kaur Sirhind d) Rajvinder Kaur
37) The Person of Indian origion who has became the 53) Name the ‘guru’ who was contemporary of Bulleh
Defence Minister of Canada? Shah?
a) Kuljeet Singh b) Dalip Verma a) Guru Tegh Bahadur b) Guru Gobind Singh
c) Hargobind Kapur d) Sajjan Singh c) Guru Arjan Dev d) Guru Har Rai Ji
38) Match the following is not correctly matched? 54) ‘Rasidi Ticket’ is the biography of which writer?
a) Bist Doab Canal- Satluj a) Gurdial Singh b) Harbhajan Singh
b) Upper Bari Doab- Beas c) Amrita Pritam d) Dalip Kaur Tiwana
c) Sirhind Canal- Satluj 55) In which of the following year, Punjabi language
d) Shah Nahar Canal- Beas was granted the status of recognized language of
39) River Ravi does not flow from which of the India?
following district of Punjab? a) 1956 b) 1950
a) Tarn Taran b) Amritsar c) 1947 d) 1966
c) Gurdaspur d) Pathankot 56) Book ‘Marhi da Deeva’ was written by which of the
40) River Satluj does not flow from which of the following author?
following district of Punjab? a) Amrita Pritam b) Shiv Kumar
a) Nawanshahr b) Ludhiana c) Bhai Veer Singh d) Gurdial Singh
c) Ferozpur d) Faridkot 57) Balri Raksha Yojna was launched in which year?
41) River Beas does not flow from which of the a) 2005 b) 2004
following district of Punjab? c) 2006 d) 2007
a) Hoshiarpur b) Kapurthala 58) The book ‘Lafzan di Dargah’ is written by which of
c) Jalandhar d) Taran-taran the following author?
42) Which of the following has the shortest path in a) Dalip Kaur Tiwana b) Habhaan Singh
present day Punjab (India)? c) Amrita Pritam d) Surjit Paatar
a) Ravi b) Beas 59) ‘Janam Sakhi’ is the biography of which guru?
c) Satluj d) Bist Doab Canal a) Guru Nanak Dev Ji b) Guru Angad Dev Ji
43) Name the type of soils found along the river c) Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji
channels like Satluj in Punjab. d) Guru Gobind Singh Ji
a) Loamy Soil b) Sandy Soil 60) Average annual rainfall in Punjab as per official
c) Kandi Soil d) Bet Soils record is appx.:
44) Punjab is placed under which category of Raghuram a) 472 mm b) 350 mm
Rajan’s Index for backwardness of state. c) 375 mm d) 550 mm
a) Least Developed b) Most Developed 61) Which of the following Phulkian state is part of
c) Less Developed d) None of the above present day Punjab?
45) Name the guru who has started the concept of ‘1st a) Hissar b) Jind
Pangat then Sangat’? c) Nabha d) Kaithal
a) Guru Arjan Dev b) Guru Hargobind 62) Which of the following place is not located on the
c) Guru Har Rai d) Guru Amar Dass Ji river Satluj?
46) Name the guru which had shortest duration of a) Ropar b) Ferozpur
guruship? c) Ludhiana d) Bathinda
a) Guru Arjan Dev b) Guru Tegh Bahadur

GYANM SCO 13-15, 2nd Floor, Sector 34-A, Chandigarh, Ph: 0172-4052124, 91-17-34-34-34 45
 PUNJAB GK

63) Which of the following is the longest canal in 80) Name the district of Punjab which has maximum
Punjab? area
a) Bist Doab Canal b) Bhakra Canal a) Hoshiarpur b) Ferozpur
c) Sirhind Canal d) Upper Bari Doab c) Bhatinda d) Ludhiana
64) Bist Doab is the area between which two rivers? 81) Which district of Punjab is smallest in area?
a) Satluj and Beas b) Satluj and Chenab a) Hoshiarpur b) Mansa
c) Ravi and Chenab d) Beas and Ravi c) Bhatinda d) SAS Nagar (Mohali)
65) Chhaj Doab is the area between which two rivers? 82) Name the district with highest population.
a) Satluj and Beas b) Satluj and Chenab a) Hoshiarpur b) Ludhiana
c) Ravi and Chenab d) Chenab and Ravi c) Bhatinda d) Mohali
66) The famous tourist place Dalhousie is located on 83) Name the district of Punjab with lowest population.
the bank of which river? a) Hoshiarpur b) Ludhiana
a) Ravi b) Satluj c) Bhatinda d) Barnala
c) Jhelum d) Chenab 84) Name the district of Punjab with highest sex ratio.
67) The famous city of ‘Lahore’ is located on the bank a) Hoshiarpur b) Ludhiana
of which river. c) Bhatinda d) Mohali
a) Ravi b) Satluj 85) Name the district of Punjab with lowest sex ratio.
c) Jhelum d) Chenab a) Hoshiarpur b) Ludhiana
68) In 2015 the area of forest cover in Punjab was c) Bhatinda d) Mohali
_______%? 86) Name the district of Punjab with Highest
a) 5.2 b) 3.52 population density.
c) 7.3 d) 8.1 a) Hoshiarpur b) Ludhiana
69) Which is the largest produced crop in Punjab? c) Bhatinda d) Mohali
a) Wheat b) Paddy 87) Name the district of Punjab with Lowest population
c) Maize d) Cotton density.
70) Name the sector which has the highest a) Muktsar b) Ludhiana
contribution in the GDP of Punjab? c) Bhatinda d) Mohali
a) Primary Sector b) Secondary Sector 88) Name the district of Punjab having highest
c) Tertiary Sector d) Quaternary Sector urbanization.
71) Which is the largest procured crop in Punjab? a) Hoshiarpur b) Ludhiana
a) Maize b) Paddy c) Bhatinda d) Mohali
c) Wheat d) Sugarcane 89) Name the district of Punjab having lowest
72) What is the rank of Punjab in India on the basis of urbanization.
production of wheat? a) Hoshiarpur b) Taran Taran
a) 1st b) 2nd c) Bhatinda d) Mohali
c) 3rd d) 4th 90) Which of the following district was divided to
73) Bhakra Nangam Dam project was completed in the create a new district in 2011?
year_____________? a) Hoshiarpur b) Taran Taran
a) 1969 b) 1963 c) Bhatinda d) Ferozpur
c) 1965 d) 1962 91) Who is the leader of opposition of Punjab in the
74) Which is the smallest river flowing through Punjab? present day Vidhan Sabha?
a) Sutlej b) Beas a) Amarinder Singh b) Sunil Jakhar
c) Chinab d) Ravi c) Charnjit Singh Atwal d) Kewal Dhillon
75) At which place does the Beas river originate from? 92) Name the speaker of Vidhan Sabha of Punjab?
a) Mansarovar Lake b) Rohtang Pass a) Amrinder Singh b) Sunil Jakhar
c) Wular Lake d) Gangotri c) Charnjit Singh Atwal d) Kewal Dhillon
76) What is the total number of districts in Malwa 93) Thein dam is constructed across which river?
region of Punjab? a) Ravi b) Chenab
a) 14 b) 16 c) Jhelum d) Satluj
c) 12 d) 8 94) Which of the following represent’s 5th to 8th gurus
77) Name the Summer Palace of Maharaja Ranjit Singh in chronological order?
situated at Amritsar? a) Arjan Dev, Hari Krishan, Har Rai, Hargobind
a) Moti Bagh b) Aaram Bagh b) Arjan Dev, Har Rai , Hargobind, Hari Krishan
c) Ram Bagh d) Shalimar Bagh c) Arjan Dev, Hargobind, Har Rai, Hari Krishan
78) Who started the construction of Old Moti Bagh d) Arjan Dev, Har Rai, Hari Kishan, Hargobind
Palace at Patiala? 95) Which of the following pair of gurus were not in
a) Maharaja Narinder Singh blood relation?
b) Maharaja Aala Singh a) Guru Ram Das and Guru Arjan Dev
c) Maharaja Yadvindra Singh b) Guru Arjan Dev and Guru Hargobind
d) Maharaja Bharpur Singh c) Guru Tegh Bahadur and Guru Gobind Singh
79) How much population lives in Malwa region of d) Guru Angad Dev and Guru Amardas
Punjab as per 2011 census? 96) Name the city of Punjab which is well known for
a) 62.30% b) 53.78% sports goods and hand tools.
c) 59.93% d) 48.50% a) Mohali b) Batala
c) Patiala d) Jalandhar

GYANM SCO 13-15, 2nd Floor, Sector 34-A, Chandigarh, Ph: 0172-4052124, 91-17-34-34-34 46
 PUNJAB GK

97) Name the place in Punjab where the rail coach 108) Which of the following wetland is included in
factory is located. Ramsar list 2012?
a) Patiala b) Jalandhar a) Harike b) Kanjli
c) Kapurthala d) Batala c) Both a and b d) Only a
98) Bir Moti Bagh Sanctuary is located at which of the 109) Which rivulet is associated with Guru Nanak Dev
following place. ji?
a) Patiala b) Taran Taran a) Kali Bein
c) Batala d) Sangrur b) Chiti Bein (safed bein)
99) How many wildlife sanctuaries are located in c) Beas d) Sutlej
Punjab. 110) In which wetland of Punjab has presence of
a) 6 b) 7 ‘dolphins’ been confirmed by experts?
c) 12 d) 9 a) Kanjli b) Ropar
100) Which of the following scheme is for Scheduled c) Harike d) Bhunerheri
caste girls and Christian girls? 111) Which of the following is not one of the five rivers
a) Shagun Scheme in Punjab?
b) Kanya Jagriti Jyoti Scheme a) Satluj b) Indus
c) Balri Rakshak Yojana c) Beas d) Ravi
d) Mai Bhago Istari Shakti Scheme 112) Which of the following princely state was not part
101) What is not true for ‘Shagun Scheme’? of PEPSU?
a) It is applicable to SC and Christian girls a) Ferozpur b) Nalagarh
b) It is applicable to widows of any caste c) Kalsian d) Jind
c) The scheme is admissible to only ‘one’ girl in the 113) The recommendations of which commission led to
family linguistic reorganization of Punjab in 1966?
d) Family Income should not be more than 20000 per a) Justice Venkataswami b) Sir Cyril Radcliffe
annum c) Justice Verma d) Justice Shah
102) Name the scheme launched by the government of 114) Which of the following sets of princely states are
Punjab to uplift the social status of girls and to termed as Phulkian States?
encourage two child norm only? a) Patiala, Jind, Nabha
a) Kanya Jagriti Jyoti Scheme b)Patiala, Malerkotla, Nabha
b) Shagun Scheme c) Patiala, Jind, Malerkotla
c) Mai Bhago Istri Shakti Scheme d) Patiala, Nabha, Jind, Kapurthala
d) Bhai Puran Singh Scheme 115) According to 2011 census, what is the sex ratio of
103) Name the scheme launched by Punjab government 0-6 age group in Punjab?
to impart quality education to students of weaker a) 796 b) 874
sections in government schools? c) 846 d) None of these
a) Bhagat Pura Singh Scheme 116) Which district of Punjab has recently been renamed
b) Dr. Hargobind Khorana Scholarship Scheme as Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar?
c) Parkash Singh Badal scholarship scheme a) Nawanshahar b) Hoshiarpur
d) Lala Lajpat Rai Scholarship Scheme c) Kapurthala d) Jalandhar
104) Bhai Kanhaiya insurance scheme was launched by 117) In which year was PEPSU merged in Punjab?
the government of Punjab in the year 2008. Which a) 1952 b) 1955
of the following statement is true for this scheme? c) 1956 d) 1958
a) The sum insured under the scheme is Rs.50000.00 118) Arrange the following Chief Ministers of Punjab in
b) All families below poverty line are covered under this Chronological order:
scheme 1) Giani Zail Singh
c) The scheme is being implemented by the department 2) Harcharan Singh Brar
of family welfare. 3) Beant Singh
d) The benefits of the scheme are restricted to 4) Rajinder Kaur Bhattal
members of co-operative societies only. a) 1234 b) 1342
105) What is the name the scheme launched by the c) 1324 d) 1432
government of Punjab to check the ever increasing 119) Goindwal is situated in which of the following
menace of female foeticide and to impart quality district?
education to girls? a) Amritsar b) Taran Taran
a) Bebe Nanaki Ladli Beti Kalyan Scheme c) Kapurthala d) None of these
b) Mai Bhago Istri Shakti Scheme 120) Match the following”
c) Dr. Hargobind Khurana Scheme Place Name Other
d) None of the above Talwandi Saboo 1 Khidrana
106) Which of the following is not an international Muktsar 2 Makhowal
wetland sanctuary in Punjab?
Anandpur Sahib 3 Ramdaspur
a) Kanajli b) Harike
Amritsar 4 Damdama Sahib
c) Nangal d) Ropar
107) Which of the following wetland sanctuary is not Which one is correct?
situated in the state of Punjab? a) 1432 b) 4132
a) Harike b) Gobindsagar c) 4123 d) 1423
c) Kanjli d) Ropar

GYANM SCO 13-15, 2nd Floor, Sector 34-A, Chandigarh, Ph: 0172-4052124, 91-17-34-34-34 47
 PUNJAB GK

121) Treaty of Amritsar was signed between whom and a) Parkash Singh Badal
at which place? b) Major General Singh
a) Between William Bentinck & Ranjit Singh at Ropar c) Captain Amrinder Singh
b) Between William Bentinck & Ranjit Singh at Lahore d) Navjot Grewal
c) Between Lord Gough & Ranjit Singh at Amritsar 134) Dhyan Chand, famous hockey player belonged to
d) Between Lord Auckland & Ranjit Singh at Ferozpur which of the following state?
122) Which city has a great strategic significance for a) Haryana b) Punjab
being India’s only land link to Kashmir? c) UP d) Madhya Pradesh
a) Sialkot b) Pathankot 135) Which of the following famous sportsperson
c) Chamba d) Hoshiarpur declined Arjuna award in 2001?
123) Which of the following historical place is popularly a) Milkha Singh b) Jeev Milkha Singh
known as Ucha Pind? c) Pargat Singh d) Ajitpal Singh
a) Taxila b) Macchiwala 136) Who was the first Indian woman to win a gold
c) Sanghol d) Ropar medal at Asian games?
124) Devi Talab Mandir is located in which of the a) PT Usha b) Jyotrimayee Sikdar
following city of Punjab? c) Kamaljeet Sandhu Kooner d) Harwant Kaur
a) Kapurthala b) Jalandhar 137) Match the following
c) Hoshiarpur d) Sangrur River Dam
125) Who of the following was first Asian to be elected Beas 1 Bhakra
as Chairman of Commonwealth parliamentarian Ravi 2 Thein
Executive forum? Satluj 3 Pong
a) Somnath Chatterjee b) RL Bhatia a) 321 b) 312
c) Balram Jakhar d) None of these c) 231 d) 123
126) Who among the following was the first Akali Chief 138) Who among the following was the source of Guru
Minister of Punjab? Nanak’s Biography compiled by Guru Angad Dev?
a) Giani Gurmukh Singh Mussafir a) Bhai Bala b) Bhai Mardana
b) Lacchman Singh Gill c) Bhai Gurdas d) Baba Buddha
c) Giani Kartar Singh 139) Which Sikh personality has the distinction of
d) Justice Gurnam Singh coronating the successors of Guru Nanak up to the
127) Who is known as Punjab’s “Bearded Mother sixth Guru?
Teresa”? a) Bhai Gurudas b) Baba Sri Chand
a) Partap Singh Kairon c) Bhai Mardana d) Baba Budha
b) Master Tara Singh 140) Who among the following was not the Chief
c) Bhagat Puran Singh Minister of PEPSU?
d) Baba Balbir Singh Seechewal a) Gian Singh Rarewala b) Giani Zail Singh
128) Which of the following folk singer is popularly c) Brish Bhan
known as “Nightingale of Punjab”? d) Colonel Raghbir Singh
a) Prakash Kaur b) Noor Jahan 141) Consider the following statements:
c) Surinder Kaur d) Chitra Singh i) Kunwar Naunihal Singh was the grandson of Ranjit
129) Prof. Mohan Singh Memorial International Cultural Singh.
Mela is held at ii) He was the immediate successor of Ranjit Singh
a) Amritsar b) Ludhiana Which of these statements are correct?
c) Patiala d) Jalandhar a) Only I b) Only II
130) Who among the following has won both Sahitya c) Both I & ii d) None of these
Akademi Award and Sangeet Natak Akademi 142) The following is the list of rulers of Patiala:
Award? 1) Rajinder Singh
a) Balwant Gargi b) Kartar Singh Duggal 2) Yadavinder Singh
c) Amrita Shergill d) Gursharan Singh 3) Bhupinder Singh 4) Mahendra Singh
131)Match the following Arrange these rules in chronological order:
Book Author a) 1234 b) 2314
Pavittar Paapi a) Shiv Kumar Batalavi c) 4132 d) 4321
Sunehary b) Amrita Pritam 143) Who was the first Uprajpramukh of PEPSU?
a) Captain Amrinder Singh
Pritan Da Paraga c) Nanak Singh
b) Maharaja Jagatjit Singh
Agni Prikhya d) Dalip Kaur Tiwana
c) Rani Mahendra Kaur
a) DBCA b) CBAD d) Maharaja Ripudaman Singh
c) CDAB d) ADBC 144) The book “bullet for bullet” was written by
132) Who is the author of Book “My Other two a) KPS Gill b) General Dyer
daughters”? c) Julio Ribiero d) MS Gill
a) Surjit Singh Barnala 145) Who was the first CM after the linguistic
b) Parkash Singh Badal reorganization of Punjab?
c) Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa a) Justice Gurnam Singh b) Giani Zail Singh
d) Dalip Kaur Tiwana c) Giani Gurmukh Singh Musafir
133) Who is the author of the book "Saragarhi and the d) Partap Singh Kairon
Defence of Samana Forts"?

GYANM SCO 13-15, 2nd Floor, Sector 34-A, Chandigarh, Ph: 0172-4052124, 91-17-34-34-34 48
 PUNJAB GK

146) Match the following: ANSWER KEY

Thermal power plant Location
A) Guru Hargobind Mohabbat Lehra Q. A. Q. A. Q. A. Q. A.
B) Guru Nanak Thermal Plant Ropar 1 A 2 A 3 C 4 C
C) Guru Gobind Singh Super Bathinda 5 A 6 A 7 A 8 B
Thermal Plant 9 B 10 C 11 D 12 B
a) BCA b) ABC 13 B 14 B 15 D 16 A
c) ACB d) CAB 17 A 18 C 19 B 20 C
147) Central university of Punjab (CUP) is located at
a) Talwandi Sabo b) Amritsar 21 D 22 B 23 C 24 B
c) Bathinda d) Fatehgarh Sahib 25 A 26 C 27 D 28 C
148) Consider the following statements: 29 D 30 D 31 B 32 D
i) “Phulkari” is a famous art form of Punjab 33 D 34 D 35 B 36 D
ii) It is a novel form of wall painting found only in
37 D 38 B 39 A 40 D
Punjab
Which of the following statements are/is incorrect?
41 C 42 A 43 D 44 B
a) Both i & ii b) Only I
c) Only ii d) None 45 D 46 C 47 D 48 A
149) Harike Wetland is located in which district of 49 B 50 B 51 C 52 B
Punjab? 53 B 54 C 55 D 56 D
a) Kapurthala b) Ferozpur 57 A 58 D 59 A 60 A
c) Moga d) Amritsar
150) At which place are the Yadavindra Gardens is 61 B 62 D 63 B 64 A
located ? 65 D 66 A 67 A 68 B
a) Patiala b) Nabha 69 A 70 C 71 B 72 B
c) Pinjore d) Sangrur 73 B 74 B 75 B 76 A
77 C 78 A 79 C 80 D

81 D 82 B 83 D 84 A
85 C 86 B 87 A 88 B
89 B 90 D 91 B 92 C
93 A 94 C 95 D 96 D
97 C 98 A 99 C 100 A

101 C 102 A 103 B 104 D

105 A 106 C 107 B 108 C
109 A 110 C 111 B 112 A
113 D 114 A 115 C 116 A
117 C 118 C 119 B 120 C

Q. A. Q. A. Q. A. Q. A.
121 A 122 B 123 C 124 B
125 C 126 D 127 C 128 C
129 B 130 A 131 B 132 A
133 C 134 C 135 A 136 C
137 C 138 A 139 D 140 B

141 A 142 C 143 B 144 C

145 C 146 C 147 C 148 B
149 B 150 C

GYANM SCO 13-15, 2nd Floor, Sector 34-A, Chandigarh, Ph: 0172-4052124, 91-17-34-34-34 49
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