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ESE-2020 : MAINS TEST SERIES

U P S C E N G I N E E R I N G S E R V I C E S E X A M I N AT I O N

MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
Test No. 4
Section A : Strength of Materials and Mechanics
Section B : Fluid Mechanics and Turbo Machiner-1 +
Heat Transfer-2 + Theory of Machines-2
(Topics : Basic Concepts and Properties of Fluids, Manometry, Fluid Statics, Buoyancy, Equations of Motion, Bernoulli’s Equation and
Applications + Reciprocating and Rotary Pumps, Pelton Wheel, Kaplan and Francis Turbines, Velocity Diagrams, Impulse and Reaction
Principles + Radiative Heat Transfer, Radiation Heat Transfer Coefficient; Boiling & Condensation, Heat Exchanger Performance Analysis +
CAMs with Uniform Acceleration and Retardation, Cycloidal Motion, Oscillating Followers; Gears – Geometry of Tooth Profiles, Law of
Gearing, Involute Profile, Interference, Helical, Spiral & Worm Gears, Gear Trains – Simple, Compound and Epicyclic; Balancing of Revolving
& Reciprocating Masses, Gyroscopes & Its Effect on Automobiles, Ships and Aircrafts

Time Allowed : 3 hrs. Maximum Marks: 300

Question Paper Specific Instructions

Please read each of the following instructions carefully before attempting questions:
• Answers must be written only in ENGLISH.
• There are EIGHT questions divided in TWO sections.
• Candidate has to attempt FIVE questions in all.
• Question no. 1 and 5 are compulsory and out of the remaining THREE are to be attempted
choosing at least ONE question from each section.
• The number of marks carried by a question/part is indicated against it.
• Wherever any assumptions are made for answering a question, they must be clearly indicated.
Diagrams/figures, wherever required, shall be drawn in the space provided for answering
the question itself.
• Unless otherwise mentioned, symbols and notations carry their usual standard meanings.
Attempt of questions shall be counted in sequential order. Unless struck off, attempt of a
question shall be counted even if attempted partly. Any page or portion of the page left blank
in the Question-cum-Answer Booklet must be clearly struck off.

DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO

For any query write to us, at: info@[Link]
2 | ESE 2020 : MAINS TEST SERIES

Section A : Strength of Materials and Mechanics

Q.1 (a) For the given figure, find the ratio of a to b so that centroids, x = y ?
y

y = kx 2
b

O x
a

[12 marks]

Q.1 (b) An element in plane stress is rotated through a known angle θ. On the rotated element, the
normal and shear stresses have the magnitudes and directions as shown in the figure. Determine
the normal and shear stresses on the element whose sides are parallel to x, y-axis. Also find the
principal stresses.
y Pa
M
9
.3
10

θ = 60°
x
11

O
.3
2
M
Pa

30
.3
9
M
Pa

[12 marks]

Q.1 (c) A beam of rectangular cross-section of width b mm and depth h mm. This cross-section carries
a transverse load of P Newton. Show that the shear stress variation along the depth of beam
is parabolic and its maximum value is at the center with magnitude 1.5 times of average shear
stress in the cross-section.
[12 marks]

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 Test No : 4 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING | 3
Q.1 (d) A cantilever beam of span 1 m is built into a wall of 20 cm thickness. The beam carries a
concentrated load of 2 kN at the free end. Assume that the pressure exerted by the wall on the
beam due to moment is linearly varying along the 20 cm thickness of the wall into which the
beam is embedded as shown in figure. Find the pressure intensity in kN/m by the wall on the
beam due to moment and reaction.

20 cm
w′ 2 kN
Pressure
variation
due to
moment only 1m

Wall

[12 marks]

Q.1 (e) Calculate the tension T in the cable which supports the 500 kg mass with the pulley arrangement
shown. Each pulley is free to rotate about its bearing and the weights of all parts are small
compared with the load. Find the magnitude of total force on the bearing of pulley C.
T
θ = 30°
C

500 kg

[12 marks]

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4 | ESE 2020 : MAINS TEST SERIES

Q.2 (a) A beam ABCD is loaded as shown in figure given below. The beam is of square cross section
100 mm × 100 mm.
(i) Sketch the S.F. and B.M. diagram for the beam.
(ii) Determine the maximum bending stress in the beam.
80 N/m

600 N
B
C
A
D
5000 N.m
3m 3m 4m

[15+5 marks]

Q.2 (b) Knowing that a 0.5 mm gap exists when the temperature is 75°F. Determine the forces in the
bars shown after a temperature rise of 180°F and the corresponding change in length of the
bronze bar.
0.5 mm

350 mm 450 mm

Bronze Aluminium

Bronze : Aluminium :
2
A = 1500 mm A = 1800 mm2
E = 103.42 GPa E = 73.08 GPa
–6 –6
α = 12 × 10 /°F α = 12.9 × 10 /°F
[20 marks]

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 Test No : 4 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING | 5
Q.2 (c) The given sphere of radius 1 m and weight 160 N rests on an inclined plane. If the friction
between the plane and sphere is (µ = 0.5). Find the magnitude and directions of the angular
acceleration of sphere, the acceleration of its mass center and the friction force between the
sphere and the plane. If the friction between the plane and sphere changes to (µ = 0.25). What
will be the linear acceleration and angular acceleration of sphere? (Assume g = 10 m/s2)

4 1m
3
G

[20 marks]
Q.3 (a) A pillar of varying circular cross-section carry a load of P Newton and having uniform stress
of σ throughout the pillar. γ is the specific weight of the material and h is the height of the
pillar. Prove that volume of the pillar of uniform allowable stress is

P  γh  
V=  exp   − 1
γ  σ  

r0 P

r1

[20 marks]

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6 | ESE 2020 : MAINS TEST SERIES

Q.3 (b) A solid rod of bronze 25 mm in diameter is surrounded by a fitting steel cylinder of external
diameter 35 mm. If the permissible bending stresses in bronze and steel are 90 N/mm2 and
120 N/mm2 respectively, find the moment of resistance of composite section. Young’s modulus
for steel may be taken as 1.75 times that of bronze.

25 mm 35 mm
O

[20 marks]

Q.3 (c) A cantilever of uniform strength is to be turned from a mild steel bar of 50 mm diameter. A
load of 4000 N is to be supported from the free end, and the maximum bending stress is
limited to 70 N/mm2. Determine the maximum length of the cantilever and its end deflection
if E = 205,000 N/mm2.
[20 marks]

Q.4 (a) A steel shaft of 60 mm diameter is to be pressed into cast iron hub of 120 mm external diameter
and 100 mm long, so that no relative slip occurs under a torque of 8 kNm. Find the
necessary force fit allowance and the maximum circumferential stress in the hub
ESteel = 2 × ECast iron. Poisson’s ratio = 0.25 for both and coefficient of friction between surfaces
0.3, Esteel = 207000 N/mm2.
[20 marks]

Q.4 (b) AB is the vertical post of a crane, the sockets at A and B offering no resistance against bending.
The horizontal arm CD is hinged to AB at C and supported by a strut FE which is freely hinged
at its extremities to AB and CD as shown in figure. Draw bending moment diagram for AB.
Assume A gives only one reaction tranverse to AB, also assume left face of AB is the reference
frame for bending moment diagram.
A
2m E D
4m 3m
C
θ
200 kN
3m

F
2m

[20 marks]

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 Test No : 4 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING | 7
Q.4 (c) Find the magnitude and nature of the axial forces in all the members of the truss shown
below?
2 kN 4 kN

B C

60° 60° 60° 60°

A D
E

3m 3m

[20 marks]

Section B : F.M. and Turbo Machinery-1; HMT-2 + Theory of Machines-2

Q.5 (a) (i) A 73 mm diameter aluminium (SG = 2.64) piston of 100 mm length resides in a stationary
75 mm inner diameter steel tube lined with oil at 25°C of viscosity 0.13 Pa-s. A mass
m = 2 kg is suspended from the end of the piston. The piston is set into motion by cutting
a support cord. What is the terminal velocity of mass m? Assume a linear velocity profile
within the oil.

Cut to set in motion

Tube

Piston

Oil

(ii) Assume you are performing an experiment and you intend to gently place several steel
needles on the free surface of the water in a large tank. The needles come in two lengths.
Some are 5 cm long and some are 10 cm long. Needles of each length are available with
diameter of 1 mm, 2.5 mm and 5 mm. Make a prediction as to which needles, if any will
float. Given specific gravity of steel is 7.83 and surface tension of water is 0.0728 N/m.
[6 + 6 = 12 marks]

Q.5 (b) Draw the boiling curve and identify the different boiling regimes for water. Also, explain the
characteristics of each regime.
[12 marks]

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8 | ESE 2020 : MAINS TEST SERIES

Q.5 (c) A cam of circular arc type is to operate a flat-faced follower of a four-stroke engine. The
exhaust valve opens 50° before top dead centre and closes 15° after bottom dead centre. The
valve lift is 10 mm, base circle radius of cam is 20 mm and nose radius is 3 mm. Calculate the
maximum velocity, acceleration and retardation, if cam rotates at 1800 rpm.
Write down the parameters which defines the size of cam.
[10+2 = 12 marks]

Q.5 (d) A centrifugal pump having three stages in parallel delivers 360 m3 of water per hour, against a
head of 16 m when running at a speed of 1500 rpm. Diameter of its impeller being 150 mm.
A multistage pump, geometrically similar to the one given above, but having stages in series is
to be designed to run at 1200 rpm and to deliver 450 m3/hr of water against a head of 140 m.
Find the impeller diameter and number of stages required.
[12 marks]

Q.5 (e) The inclined tube manometer shown has D = 76 mm and d = 8 mm, and is filled with Meriam
red oil having specific gravity 0.827. What is the angle θ, that will give a 15 cm oil deflection
along the inclined tube for an applied pressure of 25 mm of water (gauge)? Also determine the
sensitivity of this manometer.
∆P

D
d

[12 marks]

Q.6 (a) A 4 m long quarter-circular gate of radius 4 m and of negligible weight is hinged about its
upper edge A as shown in figure. The gate controls the flow of water over the edge at B,
where the gate is pressed by a spring. Determine the minimum spring force required to keep
the gate closed when the water level rises to A at the upper edge of the gate. If the spring
constant is 25 MN/m, what is the leakage rate (in m3/s) from the dam assuming rectangular
cross-section of area of leakage?

A
4m

Spring
DAM B

[20 marks]

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 Test No : 4 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING | 9
Q.6 (b) (i) A diffuse, fire brick wall of temperature, Ts = 500 K has the spectral emissivity shown and
is exposed to a bed of coal at 2000 K.
1.0
0.8 λT = 600 µmK F0–λ = 0.000
λT = 750 µmK F0–λ = 0.000
λT = 3000 µmK F0–λ = 0.273
λT = 5000 µmK F0–λ = 0.634
λT = 5800 µmK F0–λ = 0.720
ελ →

0.5
λT = 20000 µmK F0–λ = 0.986

0.1
0
1.5 10
λ (µm) →

Determine the total hemispherical emissivity and emissive power of the fire brick wall.
What is the total absorptivity of the wall to irradiation resulting from emission by the
coal?

(ii) The spectral distribution of surface irradiation is as follows :

→

1000
m2—µm
W

500
Gλ

0 5 10 15 20 25
λ(µm) →

What is the total irradiation?

[15+5 = 20 marks]

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10 | ESE 2020 : MAINS TEST SERIES

Q.6 (c) A team of students while designing various parameters for formula student race car, came
across the following parameters of a car.
• Moment of inertia of each wheel (Iw) = 2 kg.m2
• Effective diameter of wheel (dw) = 0.6 m
• M.O.I. of rotating part of engine (Ie ) = 1.25 kg.m2
• Gear ratio of back axel (G) = 3 : 1
• Mass of automobile (M) = 1500 kg
• C.G. above the road level (hC.G.) = 0.5 m
• Wheel track and wheel base (t, b) = 1.5 m and 1.9 m (respectively)
If engine axis is parallel to rear axle and the crank shaft rotation is in the same direction as the
wheels, then determine limiting speed (in km/h) of the vehicle around a curve of 100 m mean
radius, for all four wheels to maintain contact with the road surface.
Also, comment how variation of above parameter will increase the cornering speed.
[16+4 = 20 marks]

Q.7 (a) A mechanism for recording the distance covered by the bicycle, is as shown in figure.

D
A
Fixed annular
B
wheel

There is a fixed annular wheel A of 22 teeth and another annular B wheel of 23 teeth which
rotates loosely on the axis of A. An arm E driven by the bicycle wheel through gearing (not
described), also revolves freely on the axis of A and carries on a pin at its extremity two
wheels C and D, which are integral with one another. The wheel C has 19 teeth and meshes
with A and the wheel D with 20 teeth meshes with B. The diameter of the bicycle wheel is
0.7 m. What must be the velocity ratio between the bicycle wheel and the arm, if B makes one
revolution per 1.5 km covered?
[20 marks]

Q.7 (b) The plunger diameter and stroke length of a single-acting reciprocating pump are 300 mm and
500 mm respectively. The speed of pump is 50 rpm. The diameter and length of delivery pipe
are 150 mm and 55 m respectively. If the pump is equipped with an air vessel on the delivery
side at the centre line of the pump. Find the power saved in overcoming friction in the delivery
pipe. Take friction coefficient, f = 0.01.
[20 marks]

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 Test No : 4 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING | 11
Q.7 (c) A shell and tube heat exchanger (1 shell pass, 2 tube passes) is to be used to condense
2.73 kg/s of saturated steam at 340 K. Condensation occurs on the outer tube surfaces and the
corresponding convection coefficient is 10,000 W/m2K. The temperature of the cooling water
entering the tubes is 15°C, and the exit temperature is not to exceed 30°C. Thin-walled tubes
of 19 mm diameter are specified, and the mean velocity of water flow through the tubes is to
be maintained at 0.5 m/s.
(i) What is the minimum number of tubes that should be used and what is the corresponding
tube length per pass?
(ii) To reduce the size of the heat exchanger, it is proposed to increase the water side convection
coefficient by inserting a wire mesh in the tubes. If the mesh increases the convection
coefficient by a factor of two, what is the required tube length per pass?

(Assume : h fg@340K of water = 2342 kJ/kg, Properties of water at average temperature

 (Tc )o + (Tc )i 30 + 15 
Tc ,avg = = = 22.5°C  [Pr = 6.62, Density, ρ = 998 kg/m 3 , Specific heat,
2 2 
cp = 4.181 kJ/kg.K, Dynamic viscosity, µ = 959 × 10 –6 N-s/m 2 , Thermal conductivity,
K = 0.606 W/m.K]
[20 marks]

Q.8 (a) The reciprocating mass per cylinder in a 60° V-twin engine is 1.2 kg. The stroke and the
connecting rod length are 100 mm and 250 mm respectively. If the engine runs at 2000 rpm,
determine the maximum and minimum values of primary forces and findout crank position
corresponding to these values. Also findout the resultant secondary force.
[20 marks]

Q.8 (b) The x component of velocity in an incompressible flow field is given by u = Ax, where
A = 2s–1 and the coordinates are measured in meter. The pressure at point (x, y) = (0, 0) is
Po = 190 kPa (gauge). The density is ρ = 1.50 kg/m3 and the z-axis is vertical. Evaluate the
simplest possible y component of velocity by assuming v = 0 at y = 0. Calculate the fluid
acceleration at (2, 1). Find the pressure distribution in terms of (x, y).
[20 marks]

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12 | ESE 2020 : MAINS TEST SERIES

Q.8 (c) An electric furnace consisting of two heater sections top and bottom is used to heat treat a
coating that is applied to both surfaces of a thin metal plate inserted midway between the
heaters.

Heater (2 m × 2 m) Heater (2 m × 2 m)
800 K, ε = 0.9 800 K, ε = 0.9

L2 L1 L2
Sidewalls Plate
F1 − 2
400 K, ε=0.3 ε = 0.6 L1 D D
Sidewalls
400 K, ε = 0.3
2 4 0.516
A2 4 4 0.620
1m
D 4 2 0.491
Sidewalls
A1
400 K, ε = 0.3
0.5 m

Heater (2 m × 2 m) Heater (2 m × 2 m)
800 K, ε = 0.9 800 K, ε = 0.9

The heaters and the plate are 2 m × 2 m on a side, and each heater is separated from the plate
by a distance of 0.5 m. Each heater is well insulated on its backside and has an emissivity of 0.9
at its exposed surface. The plate and the sidewalls have emissivities of 0.6 and 0.3 respectively.
Sketch the equivalent radiation network for the system and label all pertinent resistance and
potentials. For the prescribed conditions, obtain the required electrical power and the plate
temperature.
[20 marks]



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