R23

RAMACHANDRA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING: ELURU

(AUTONOMOUS)
B. Tech V Semester
Course: operating systems Program: [Link]

UNIT – I
short Answer Questions
Question Marks CO BL PO
What is an operating system, and why is it essential in a PO1,2
1 2 1 L2
computing environment?
2 List any two primary functions of an operating system 2 1 L2 PO1,3
What is the difference between single-tasking and multi- 2 PO1,2
3 1 L2
tasking operating systems?
Name any two types of computing environments where 2 PO1,2
4 1 L2
operating systems are used.
What is the primary difference between proprietary and 2 PO1,2,3
5 1 L2
open-source operating systems?
Mention services provided by operating systems to users or 2 PO1,2
6 1 L2
programs.
What are the primary types of user interfaces provided by 2 PO1,2
7 1 L2
operating systems?
What is a system call, and why is it used in operating 2 PO1,2
8 1 L2
systems?
9 Give examples of system programs and their purposes. 2 1 L2 PO1,2
10 What is the role of the kernel in operating system design? 2 1 L2 PO1,2
Long Answer Questions

Explain the key functions of an operating system and PO1,4

1 10 1 L2
their importance in managing computer resources.
Describe the different types of operating system PO1,3,4
2 operations and how they handle process and resource 10 1 L2
management.
Discuss various computing environments and their PO1,2
10
3. impact on the design and operation of operating 1 L2
systems.
Compare and contrast free and open-source operating PO1,3
4. systems with proprietary systems. Highlight their 10 1 L2
advantages and challenges.
Explain the services provided by an operating system to PO1,2,3
5. users and how they enhance system usability and 10 1 L2
functionality.
Discuss the user and operating-system interface, PO1,2
6. focusing on command-line interfaces and graphical user 10 1 L2
interfaces.
Define system calls and explain their role in facilitating PO1,2
7. communication between applications and the operating 10 1 L2
system.
Describe the different types of system calls and provide PO1,3
8. examples of how they are used in modern operating 10 1 L2
systems.
9. What are system programs? Explain their role in 10 1 L2 PO1,2,3
 enhancing the functionality of an operating system with
examples.
Outline the steps involved in designing and PO1,2
10 implementing an operating system. How do debugging 10 1 L2
tools aid in this process?

UNIT – II
Short Answer Questions
Question Marks CO BL PO
1 Define a process and list its main components. 2 2 L3 PO1,2,4
2 What is process scheduling, and why is it important? 2 2 L3 PO1,2
Differentiate between preemptive and non-preemptive 2 PO1,2
3 2 L3
scheduling.
What are the four main types of inter-process 2 PO1
4 2 L3
communication (IPC)?
5 Explain the role of a Process Control Block (PCB). 2 2 L3 PO1,3
6 What is the difference between a process and a thread? 2 2 L3 PO1,2
7 Name and briefly describe the three multithreading models. 2 2 L3 PO1,2,3
8 What are the benefits of using thread libraries? 2 2 L3 PO1,2
9 Define scheduling criteria with examples. 2 2 L3 PO1,2
10 Explain the concept of multiple processor scheduling. 2 2 L3 PO1,2
Long Answer Questions
Marks CO BL
Explain the concept of a process and describe its various PO1,3,4
1 10 2 L3
states with the help of a state-transition diagram.
What is process scheduling? Compare and contrast 10 PO1,2
2 different types of schedulers (long-term, short-term, and 2 L3
medium-term).
Describe inter-process communication (IPC) 10 PO1,2
3 mechanisms. How do message passing and shared 2 L3
memory differ in IPC?
Discuss the various operations performed on processes. 10 PO1
4 Provide examples to illustrate process creation and 2 L3
termination.
What are the challenges of context switching in process 10 PO1,2,3
5 2 L3
management? Explain how it affects CPU performance.
Describe the multithreading models (user-level threads 10 PO1,2
6 L3
2
7 Explain how thread libraries with examples 10 2 L3 PO1,2
8 What are threading issues like race conditions 10 2 L3 PO1,2,3
9 Define CPU scheduling criteria such as CPU utilization 10 2 L3 PO1,2
Compare and contrast different CPU scheduling 10 PO1,3
algorithms (FCFS,SJF, Priority, Round Robin). Provide
10 2 L3
an example to illustrate the working of any one
algorithm.

UNIT – III
short Answer Questions
Question Marks CO BL PO
What is the Critical Section Problem, and why is it 2 PO1,2
1 3 L3
important in synchronization?
2 State the two conditions of Peterson’s Solution for process 2 3 L3 PO1,4
 synchronization.
Define a Mutex Lock and explain its primary purpose in PO1,2
3 2 3 L3
process synchronization.
What are semaphores, and how do they differ from Mutex 2 PO1,3
4 3 L3
Locks?
What is the purpose of Monitors in process 2 PO1,2,3
5 3 L3
synchronization?
List two classic problems of synchronization and briefly 2 PO1,2
6 3 L3
describe one.
7 What is a deadlock, and when does it occur in a system? 2 3 L3 PO1,3
What are the four necessary conditions for a deadlock to 2 PO1,2
8 3 L3
occur?
Explain the difference between deadlock prevention and 2 PO1,2,3
9 3 L3
deadlock avoidance.
10 What is a safe state in the context of deadlock avoidance? 2 3 L3 PO1,2
Long Answer Questions
Question Marks CO BL
Explain the critical section problem. Discuss the PO1,2,3,4
1 requirements for a solution and why they are necessary 10 3 L3
for process synchronization.
Describe Peterson’s solution to the critical section 10 L3 PO1,2
2 problem. How does it ensure mutual exclusion, 3
progress, and bounded waiting?
Compare and contrast mutex locks and semaphores. 10 L3 PO1,2
3 3
Discuss their use cases with examples.
What is a monitor? Explain how monitors help in 10 L3 PO1,3
4 process synchronization. Provide an example illustrating 3
their usage.
Explain the Dining Philosophers problem. Propose a 10 L3 PO1,2,3
5 3
solution using semaphores and justify its correctness.
Explain the necessary conditions for a deadlock to 10 L3 PO1,2
6 3
occur. Use examples to illustrate these conditions.
Discuss the methods for preventing deadlocks. 10 L3 PO1,4
7 Highlight the trade-offs involved in implementing these 3
methods.
Explain the concept of deadlock avoidance. How does 10 L3 PO1,2
8 the Banker’s Algorithm work to avoid deadlocks? 3
Illustrate with an example.
Describe the process of deadlock detection. What are 10 L3 PO1,2
9 3
the possible strategies for recovering from a deadlock?
Define the system model used in deadlock analysis. 10 L3 PO1,2,3
10 How does resource allocation and request graphs help in 3
understanding deadlocks?

UNIT – IV
Short Answer Questions
Question Marks CO BL PO
What is the main difference between contiguous memory 2 L3 PO1,2
1 4
allocation and paging?
2 Define swapping in the context of memory management. 2 4 L3 PO1,3,4
3 What is the purpose of a page table in a paging system? 2 4 L3 PO1,2
4 Describe the concept of contiguous memory allocation. 2 4 L3 PO1
5 How does paging eliminate external fragmentation? 2 4 L3 PO1,2,3
6 What is demand paging in virtual memory management? 2 4 L3 PO1,3,4
7 Explain the term "copy-on-write" in memory management. 2 4 L3 PO1,3,4
What is thrashing, and how does it affect system 2 L3 PO1,2
8 4
performance?
9 Briefly describe the structure of mass storage. 2 4 L3 PO1,3
10 What is HDD scheduling, and why is it necessary? 2 4 L2 PO1,2
Long Answer Questions
Question Marks CO BL
Explain the working of contiguous memory allocation 4 PO1,2
1 10 L3
with examples. Discuss its advantages and limitations.
Describe the concept of paging in memory management. 4 PO1,4
2 Explain how the structure of the page table supports 10 L3
efficient memory access.
What is swapping in operating systems? Explain its role 4 PO1,2
3 10 L3
in memory management with a suitable example.
Compare contiguous memory allocation with paging in 4 PO1,2
4 10 L3
terms of fragmentation, overhead, and performance.
Explain demand paging. Discuss how it differs from 4 PO1,2,3
5 pure paging, and highlight its advantages and 10 L3
disadvantages.
What is Copy-on-Write (COW) in the context of virtual 4 PO1,2
6 memory management? Explain its benefits with an 10 L3
example.
Describe the Least Recently Used (LRU) page 4 PO1,2
7 replacement algorithm. Provide an example to illustrate 10 L3
its working.
What is thrashing in operating systems? Discuss its 4 PO1,3
8 10 L3
causes and measures to prevent or control thrashing.
Explain the Shortest Seek Time First (SSTF) and LOOK 4 PO1,2
9 scheduling algorithms. Compare their performance in 10 L3
terms of seek time and starvation.
Provide an overview of mass storage structure. Explain 4 PO1,2,4
10 the role of hierarchical storage in managing data 10 L3
effectively.

UNIT – V
Short Answer Questions
Question Marks CO BL PO
1 What is the file concept in a file system? 2 5 L2 PO1,2,3
Explain the difference between sequential and direct 2 L2 PO1,2,3,4
2 5
access methods in a file system.
What is the purpose of a directory structure in a file 2 L2 PO1,2
3 5
system?
Describe the basic file system structure and its 2 L2 PO1,3
4 5
components.
What are the common file system operations, and how do 2 L2 PO1,2,3
5 5
they function?
Explain the concept of directory implementation in file 2 L2 PO1,2
6 5
systems.
7 What is meant by free space management in a file system? 2 5 L2 PO1,2
Discuss the role of partitions and mounting in file system 2 L2 PO1,2,3
8 5
management.
 What is the access matrix, and how is it used in file system 2 L2 PO1,2
9 5
protection?
10 List the key goals of protection in a file system. 2 5 L2 PO1,2,3,4

Question Marks CO BL
Explain the concept of a file in an operating system. 5 L2 PO1,3,4
1 Discuss the various access methods for files and their 10
significance in efficient file management.
Discuss the directory structure of a file system. How 5 L2 PO1,2,3
2. does it impact the organization, access, and management 10
of files within the system?
Compare and contrast different file-system structures 5 L2 PO1,2
(such as flat file systems, hierarchical file systems, and
3. 10
database file systems) in terms of efficiency and
scalability.
Explain the various file-system operations. How do 5 L2 PO1,2
4. operations like creation, deletion, reading, and writing 10
affect the overall functioning of the file system?
Describe the directory implementation techniques in a 5 L2 PO1,2
file system. Discuss the trade-offs between using a
5. 10
linked list, a hash table, or a tree structure for directory
management.
Explain the different allocation methods used for storing 5 L2 PO1,2,3
files in a file system (such as contiguous, linked, and
6. 10
indexed allocation). What are the advantages and
disadvantages of each method?
What is file-system mounting? Explain the process of 5 L2 PO1,2
7. mounting partitions in a multi-partition system and its 10
role in file management.
Discuss the concept of file sharing in a distributed file 5 L2 PO1,3
8. system. What are the challenges involved in 10
implementing file sharing, and how are they addressed?
What are the primary goals of protection in an operating 5 L2 PO1,2
9. system? Discuss the principles of protection and how 10
they are implemented in modern file systems.
Explain the concept of the Access Matrix in protection 5 L2 PO1,4
systems. How does it ensure that access to resources is
10. 10
controlled and monitored effectively? Discuss its
implementation in a typical operating system.

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