HND Revision: Preferred Solutions to some Past Questions
The value of radix in binary number system is Answer: a) 2
If the decimal number is made of an integer part and fractional part. Then its binary equivalent is
obtained by the fractional part of number continuously by 2. Answer: b) Multiplying
An unweight code in which only one bit changes from one code number to the next is
Answer: c) Gray
The largest BCD number that can be represented with four binary bits is Answer: a) 9
Considering x is a Boolean variable, which of the followings is NOT ALWAYS TRUE?
Answer: d) x+1=x
CopyRight © Mbah Tebo Eugene Fonab Polytech UI June 2025
1
HND Revision: Preferred Solutions to some Past Questions
The universal gate is Answer: a) NAND gate
The inverter is Answer: b) NOT gate
Which of the following logical operations is represented by the + sign in Boolean algebra? Answer:
c) OR
The binary equivalent of gray code 1111 is:Answer: d) (1010)2
The BCD number for decimal 347 is Answer: b) 0011 0100 0111
Convert binary to octal: (110110001010)2 =? Answer: b) (6612)8
What is the addition of the binary numbers 11011011010 and 010100101? Answer: c) 11101111111
Binary subtraction of 100101-011110 is Answer: a) 000111
CopyRight © Mbah Tebo Eugene Fonab Polytech UI June 2025
2
HND Revision: Preferred Solutions to some Past Questions
Perform multiplication of the binary numbers: 01001×01011 Answer: a) 001100011
Divide the binary numbers: 1010001÷1000 Answer: a) 1010.001
Which numbering system uses numbers and letters as symbol? Answer: d) hexadecimal
The octal number (651.124)8 is equivalent to Answer: a) (1A9.2A)16
The sign of a negative binary number is given by its Answer: a) MSB
The largest two digit hexadecimal number is Answer: c) (FF)16
The 1 in the binary number 1000 has a place value of ------------------ n decimal Answer: d) 8
CopyRight © Mbah Tebo Eugene Fonab Polytech UI June 2025
3
HND Revision: Preferred Solutions to some Past Questions
a) Identify the port shown in the diagram. Answer: The port shown in the diagram is a USB (Universal Serial
Bus) port. It is a standard interface that allows communication between devices and a host controller, like a
computer.
b) Give TWO reasons why the identified port in the figure above finds widespread use in computer systems.
Answer: The USB port is widely used due to its versatility, supporting various devices, and its hot-swapping
capability, allowing device connection and disconnection without rebooting. It also provides power to connected
peripherals, reducing cable clutter.
CopyRight © Mbah Tebo Eugene Fonab Polytech UI June 2025
4
HND Revision: Preferred Solutions to some Past Questions
Figure 1: Power Supply Unit (PSU) - Converts AC power from the mains to regulated DC power for
internal components.
Figure 2: Central Processing Unit (CPU) - The "brain" of the computer, responsible for executing
instructions and performing calculations.
Figure 3: Motherboard - The main circuit board connecting and allowing communication between all
hardware components.
Figure 4: Random Access Memory (RAM) - Volatile memory used for temporary storage of data and program
instructions the CPU is actively using.
Figure 5: Graphics Card (GPU) - Processes and renders images, video, and animations for display on a
monitor.
What is the main difference between a mainframe computer and a supercomputer?
Answer: A mainframe computer is designed for high-volume, continuous processing of commercial
transactions, focusing on reliability and security. A supercomputer, conversely, is built for extreme
computational power, primarily used for complex scientific and engineering problems.
CopyRight © Mbah Tebo Eugene Fonab Polytech UI June 2025
5
HND Revision: Preferred Solutions to some Past Questions
Given the following diagram below 4. a) Identify the various components from 1 to 6. Answer:
1. Speakers (Output device)
2. Keyboard (Input device)
3. Monitor (Output device)
4. System Unit/CPU (Processing unit)
5. Mouse (Input device)
6. Power outlet
Identify two input devices and two output devices.
Answer:
Input Devices: Keyboard (2), Mouse (5)
Output Devices: Speakers (1), Monitor (3)
Answer:
Causes include insufficient RAM leading to slow multitasking, fragmented hard drives requiring more time to
access data, and malware infections consuming system resources. Additionally, an overloaded startup program list
and outdated drivers contribute to poor performance.
a) Distributor Answer: A distributor, often referring to a network hub or switch, serves to connect multiple
network devices and forward data packets to their intended destinations, facilitating communication within a local
area network.
b) Modem Answer: A modem (modulator-demodulator) converts digital signals from a computer into analog
signals for transmission over telephone lines, cable, or fiber, and vice versa, enabling internet connectivity.
CopyRight © Mbah Tebo Eugene Fonab Polytech UI June 2025
6
HND Revision: Preferred Solutions to some Past Questions
c) Router Answer: A router connects different networks and forwards data packets between them based on IP
addresses. It directs network traffic, enables communication across networks, and provides network address
translation (NAT).
d) NIC Answer: A Network Interface Card (NIC) is a hardware component that allows a computer to connect to a
network. It provides the physical connection and processes data at the network interface layer.
e) Network Cable Answer: A network cable, such as an Ethernet cable, physically connects devices within a
network. It transmits data signals, forming the backbone for communication between computers, routers,
and other network equipment
Answer:
Benefits: Resource sharing (printers, scanners, internet access) and centralized data storage, improving
collaboration and data accessibility.
Limitations: Increased security risks (data breaches, unauthorized access) and potential for network
congestion or single points of failure.
b) State any two topologies that could be used for this networking, illustrating your answer with
diagrams.
Answer:
Star Topology: In a star topology, all devices connect to a central hub or switch. This offers easy fault
isolation, as a single cable failure only affects one device.
Bus Topology: In a bus topology, all devices are connected to a single central cable, or "bus." Data
travels along this cable, and each device checks if the data is intended for it.
Answer: A mobile device is a small, portable electronic device that can be handheld and used for
communication, information access, and various applications, often with wireless connectivity.
b) List two types of mobile devices you know
Answer: Two common types of mobile devices are smartphones and tablets. Smartphones combine
phone functionality with computing capabilities, while tablets offer a larger screen for media
CopyRight © Mbah Tebo Eugene Fonab Polytech UI June 2025
7
HND Revision: Preferred Solutions to some Past Questions
consumption and productivity.
Answer: The common types of operating systems used in mobile devices are Android (developed by
Google) and iOS (developed by Apple). These operating systems power the vast majority of
smartphones and tablets globally.
Answer: Three common applications used in mobile devices are WhatsApp for messaging, Google
Maps for navigation, and Facebook for social networking. These apps provide diverse
functionalities, from communication to information access and entertainment.
Answer: Connect the mobile phone to the computer using a USB cable. On the mobile phone, select
the "File transfer" or "MTP" (Media Transfer Protocol) option from the USB connection notification.
The computer will recognize the mobile phone as a storage device. Open "This PC" or "My Computer"
on the computer. Locate the mobile phone's internal storage or SD card and drag-and-drop files to
share.
a) What is the address class?
Answer: The address class for 198.100.10.0 is Class C. This is determined by the first octet of
the IP address, where values from 192 to 223 indicate a Class C network.
b) What is the default subnet mask of the above network?
Answer: The default subnet mask for a Class C network like 198.100.10.0 is 255.255.255.0.
This mask indicates that the first three octets represent the network portion, and the last octet is
for hosts.
CopyRight © Mbah Tebo Eugene Fonab Polytech UI June 2025
8
HND Revision: Preferred Solutions to some Past Questions
c) What is the custom subnet mask?
Answer: To accommodate 60 usable host IP addresses, we need 2^n - 2 >= 60, where n=6. So
we need 6 host bits, meaning 24 - 6 = 18 network bits. The custom subnet mask is
255.255.255.192 (255.255.255.(26−2)6 = 255.255.255.192).
d) What is the total number of subnets form?
Answer: Given a Class C network and a custom subnet mask of 255.255.255.192, we have
borrowed 2 bits for subnets (from the default /24 to /26). Therefore, the total number of subnets
formed is 22=4.
e) What is the total number host per subnet?
Answer: With a custom subnet mask of 255.255.255.192 (a /26 subnet), there are 6 host bits
(26). Therefore, the total number of hosts per subnet is 26−2=64−2=62 usable hosts.
i) Spreadsheet software
Answer: Spreadsheet software is an application used for organizing, analyzing, and storing data in
tabular form, typically with rows and columns. An example is Microsoft Excel, widely used for
calculations and data management.
ii) Presentation Software
Answer: Presentation software enables users to create and deliver visual presentations, often composed
of slides containing text, images, and multimedia. Microsoft PowerPoint is a prominent example,
frequently used for business and educational presentations.
iii) Microsoft Access
Answer: Microsoft Access is a relational database management system (RDBMS) that allows users to
store, manage, and retrieve large amounts of data. It's often used for small to medium-sized databases,
enabling custom applications.
iv) Microsoft word
Answer: Microsoft Word is a word processing software application used for creating, editing,
formatting, and printing text-based documents. It is widely used for letters, reports, essays, and various
other textual content.
CopyRight © Mbah Tebo Eugene Fonab Polytech UI June 2025
9
HND Revision: Preferred Solutions to some Past Questions
Answer:
Automatic Calculation: Spreadsheets automatically calculate totals and profits, reducing manual
errors inherent in ledgers.
Data Organization: Data is easily organized, sorted, and filtered, simplifying analysis compared to
manual ledger entries
Data Visualization: Spreadsheets can generate charts and graphs from data, offering better insights
than raw ledger figures.
Error Correction: Errors can be corrected quickly without messy erasures, maintaining data integrity
more effectively than a physical ledger.
Answer: The formula to calculate the total profit for Mambo in cell G4 is: =(E4-D4)*C4. This
subtracts the unit price from the unit sell price and then multiplies by the quantity
Answer: To copy the formula from G4 to G5:G13, select cell G4. Hover the mouse over the small
square at the bottom-right corner (fill handle) until it becomes a cross. Click and drag the fill
handle down to cell G13.
Answer: The formula in G15 to generate the grand profit is: =SUM(G4:G13). This formula sums all
CopyRight © Mbah Tebo Eugene Fonab Polytech UI June 2025
10
HND Revision: Preferred Solutions to some Past Questions
individual profits from cell G4 to G13 to give the total profit.
Answer: If the quantity of milk changes to 10 and its unit price to 1000, the "Total Profit" for milk
in cell G8 will automatically recalculate. Consequently, the "Grand Profit" in cell G15 will also
update to reflect this change.
CopyRight © Mbah Tebo Eugene Fonab Polytech UI June 2025
11
