PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Class VII
Subject Science

Chapter Physical and Chemical changes

Physical Changes

 Physical Properties of a substance are those characteristics of a substance that

describes its physical nature.
 For Example colour, density, shape, size and volume are some physical properties.
 Physical Change is a change which occurs when there is an alteration in the
physical properties of a substance.
 The physical change does not result in the formation of any new substance but
can alter the shape and size of the existing substance.
 Physical Properties

Physical Changes

Chemical Changes
 The chemical property of a substance are those characteristic of a substance that
describes its chemical nature.
 For Example toxicity of a substance or how a substance reacts with other
substances is its chemical property.
 A chemical change or chemical reaction is any change in the chemical properties
of a substance.
 Whenever a substance undergoes a chemical change, a new substance is formed.
 Examples of Chemical Changes:
o Rusting of iron occurs when iron gets in contact with moisture
o When a magnesium ribbon is burnt it radiates white light and converts into
ashes
o Formation of Medicines
o Extracting of iron from the iron ore
 o Formation of plastic

Chemical Properties

A chemical change is always accompanied by any one or all of the following way:
 Radiation or absorption of heat
 Production of sound
 Change in the colour of the substance
 Change in the smell of the substance
 Formation of a gas
 Change in Property Example

Burning of a substance such as coal, wood or candle results in

Radiation or production of heat and hence is a chemical change.
absorption of heat Similarly, melting of ice results in absorption of heat and
therefore it is a chemical change.
Bursting of fireworks is a chemical change. It results in
Production of sound
production of sound, heat, radiation as well as gas.
Raw fruits and vegetables when cut and left in open air start
Change in the colour acquiring brown colour due to a chemical change.
of the substance Similarly, rusting of iron results in change of color of iron to
reddish brown is also a chemical change.
When antacids are mixed in water bubbles are formed
Formation of a gas indicating the production of a gas and therefore it is a
chemical change.
When food gets spoiled, it produces foul smell. This is
Change in the smell of because of a chemical change in food.
the substance Rotten eggs often produce a bad odour due to production of
sulphur.
Two liquids combine with each other and form a solid called
precipitate.
Formation of Solids
For Example, shells of animals are precipitates formed by
chemical changes.
 Formation of a solid as residue
 WORKSHEET

I. Read each scenario. Decide whether a physical or chemical change has occurred
and give evidence for your decision.

Scenario Physical or Evidence…

Chemical Change?
1 A student removes Physical No change in
a loaf of bread hot substances. No
from the oven. The unexpected colour
student cuts a slice change,
off the loaf and temperature
spreads butter on it. change or gas
given off.
2 Your friend decides
to toast a piece of
bread, but leaves it
in the toaster too
long. The bread is
black and the
kitchen if full of
smoke
3 You forgot to dry
the bread knife
when you washed
it and reddish
brown spots
appeared on it.
4 You blow dry your
wet hair.
5 In baking biscuits
and other quick
breads, the baking
powder reacts to
release carbon
dioxide bubbles.
The carbon dioxide
bubbles cause the
dough to rise.
6 You take out your
 best silver spoons
and notice that they
are very dull and
have some black
spots.
7 A straight piece of
wire is coiled to
form a spring.
8 Food color is
dropped into water
to give it color.
9 Chewing food to
break it down into
smaller particles
represents a
_________ change,
but the changing of
starch into sugars
by enzymes in the
digestive system
represents a
___________change.
10 In a fireworks
show, the fireworks
explode giving off
heat and light.

II. WriteTrue (T) or False (F)

1. Changing the size and shapes of pieces of wood would be a chemical change.

2. In a physical change, the makeup of matter is changed.

3. Evaporation occurs when liquid water changes into a gas.

4. Evaporation is a physical change.

5. Burning wood is a physical change.

6. Combining hydrogen and oxygen to make water is a physical change.

7. Breaking up concrete is a physical change.

8. Sand being washed out to sea from the beach is a chemical change

9. When ice cream melts, a chemical change occurs.

 10. Acid rain damaging a marble statue is a physical change.

III. MCQ

1. Which of the following is a physical change?

(a) Rusting of iron
(b) Combustion of magnesium ribbon
(c) Burning of candle
(d) Melting of wax

2. Which of the following is a chemical change?

(a) Twinkling of stars
b) Cooking of vegetables
(c) Cutting of fruits
(d) Boiling of water

3. A chemical change may involve –

a) change in colour only
(b) change in temperature only
(c) evolution of gas only
d) any or all of the above

4. Which of the following is/are true when milk changes into curd?
(i) Its state is changed from liquid to semi solid.
(ii) It changes colour.
(iii) It changes taste.
(iv) The change cannot be reversed.

Choose the correct option from below :

(a) (i) and (ii) are correct
(b) (ii) and (iii) are correct
(c) (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct
d) (i) to (iv) are correct
5. A man painted his main gate made up of iron, to
(i) prevent it from rusting.
(ii) protect it from sun.
(iii) make it look beautiful.
(iv) make it dust free.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) only (ii)
(d) (i) and (iii)

6. Iron pillar near the Qutub Minar in Delhi is famous for the following facts. Which of
these facts is responsible for its long stability?
(a) It is more than 7 metres high.
(b) It weighs about 6000 kg.
(c) It was built more than 1600 years ago.
(d) It has not rusted after such a long period.

7. Galvanisation is a process used to prevent the rusting of which of the following?

(a) Iron
(b) Zinc
(c) Aluminium
(d) Copper

8. Paheli’s mother made a concentrated sugar syrup by dissolving sugar in hot water.
On cooling, crystals of sugar got separated. This indicates a –
a) physical change that can be reversed.
(b) chemical change that can be reversed.
(c) physical change that cannot be reversed.
(d) chemical change that cannot be reversed.

9. Which of the following statement is incorrect for a chemical reaction?

(a) Heat may be given out but never absorbed.
 b) Sound may be produced.
(c) A colour change may take place.
(d) A gas may be evolved.

10. Two drops of dilute sulphuric acid were added to 1 g of copper sulphate powder
and then small amount of hot water was added to dissolve it (step I). On cooling,
beautiful blue coloured crystals got separated (step II). Step I and step II are:
(a) physical and chemical changes respectively.
(b) chemical and physical changes respectively.
(c) both physical change.
(d) both chemical change.

IV. Match the items of Column I with the items of Column II.

V. Explain the following:

(a) Lime water turns milky on passing carbon dioxide gas into it.
(b) Bubbles are produced when acetic acid is added to a solution of sodium
hydrogencarbonate.
(c) In kitchen, a wet iron pan often gets rusted when left in that state for long.
(d) An iron nail gets coated with copper when kept in coppersulphate solution for
some time.

VI. Give two examples for each of the following cases:

 (a) Physical changes which are reversible.
(b) Physical changes which are not reversible.
(c) Chemical changes.

VII. Give an example of a chemical reaction for each of the following situations:
(a) A change in colour is observed.
(b) A gas is evolved.
(c) Sound is produced.

VIII. Read the following sentences and answer the questions given.

A. If you leave a piece of iron in the open for a few days, it acquires a film of
brownish substance, called rust.
(a) Do you think rust is different from iron?
(b) Can you change rust back into iron by some simple method?
(c) Do you think formation of rust from iron is a chemical change?
(d) Give two other examples of a similar type of change.

B. A student took a solution of copper sulphate in a beaker and put a clean iron nail
into it and left it for about an hour.
(a) What changes do you expect?
(b) Are these changes chemical in nature?
(c) Write a word equation for the chemical change, if any.

Q. Explain the process of rusting and crystallization.

Rusting of Iron

When the iron comes in contact with oxygen and water, reacts and forms a red
colored substance called rust.
Formation of Rust
Crystallization
It is a process of obtaining crystals of a pure substance from its solution. For
Example, we can obtain the crystals of copper sulphate by boiling copper sulphate
solution.

Crystallization of Copper Sulphate

AV links:

https://youtu.be/IwFkM6Jn2O4 Physical and chemical changes

https://youtu.be/3ctvPrAwbPY Reaction of copper sulphate and iron

https://youtu.be/iDCQVt9sBQo Burning of magnesium