1. Water is flowing through a horizontal tube of non-uniform cross section.

At a
place, the radius of the tube is 1.0 cm and the velocity of water is 2 m/s.
What will be the velocity of water where the radius of the pipe is 2.0 cm?
Ans: 0.5 m/s
2. Calculate the rate of flow of glycerine of density 1.25 × 103 kgm-3 through the
conical section of a pipe, if the radii of its ends are 0.1 m and 0.04 m and the
pressure drop across its length is 10 Nm-2. Ans: Q = 6.43 x 10-4 m3/s
3. Water is flowing smoothly through a closed-pipe system. At one point the
speed of the water is 3.0 m/s, while at another point 1.0 m higher the speed
is 4.0 m/s. If the pressure is 20 kPa at the lower point, what is the pressure
at the upper point? What would the pressure at the upper point be if the
water were to stop flowing and the pressure at the lower point were 18 kPa?
Ans: (a) 6.5 KPa (b) 8 Kpa
4. Water flows through a tube shown in figure. The areas of cross section at
A and B are 1 cm2 and 0.5cm2 respectively.
The height difference between A and B is 5 cm.
If the speed of water at A is 10 cms−1, find (a) the speed at B and (b) the
difference in pressures at A and B.
Ans: (a) 20 cms-1 (b) 0.485
5. A horizontal pipeline carries water in a streamline flow. At a point along the
pipe, where the cross-sectional area is 10 cm2, the water velocity is 1 ms−1
and the pressure is 2000 Pa. The pressure of water at another point where
the cross-sectional area is 5 cm2, is ...…Pa. (Density of water = 103 kgm-3)
Ans: 500 Pa
6. Water flows through a horizontal tube as shown in figure. If the difference of
heights of water column in the vertical tubes is 2 cm
and the areas of cross-section at A and B are 4 cm2
and 2 cm2 respectively. Find the rate of flow of
water across any section. Ans: Q = 1.46 x 10-4 m3/s
7. Water flows through the tube as shown in figure.
The areas of cross-section of the wide and the
narrow portions of the tube are 5 cm2 and 2 cm2
respectively. The rate of flow of water through the
tube is 500 cm3/s. Find the difference of mercury
levels in the U-tube. Ans: 2.08 cm
8. The U-tube acts as a water siphon. The bend in the tube is 1 m above the
water surface. The tube outlet is 7 m below the
water surface. The water issues from the bottom
of the siphon as a free jet at atmospheric
pressure. Determine the speed of the free jet and
the minimum absolute pressure of the water in
the bend. Given atmospheric pressure =1.01x105 Nm-2, g = 9.8 ms-2 and
density of water = 103 kgm-3. Ans: 11.7 m/s
9. In the figure shown find the value of h2 for
maximum range R if (a) h1 = 4H (b) h1 = 8H
Also find the value of this maximum range
in both cases.
Ans: (a) 10 H (b) 8√𝟑 H

10. In the figure shown, Find the range R.

Ans: √𝟔 H

11. In the figure shown find v, top and R.

𝟐𝒉𝟐
Ans: 𝒗 = √𝟐𝒈𝒉𝟏 , 𝒕𝒐𝒑 = √ , R = 2√𝒉𝟏 𝒉𝟐
𝒈
12. A container of large uniform cross-sectional area A resting on a horizontal
surface, holds two immiscible, non-viscous and incompressible liquids of
densities d and 2d each of height H/2 as shown in the figure. The lower
density liquid is open to the atmosphere having pressure P0. A homogeneous
solid cylinder of length L (L < H/2) and cross-sectional area A/ 5 is immersed
such that it floats with its axis vertical at the liquid-liquid interface with
length L/ 4 in the denser liquid. The cylinder is
then removed and the original arrangement is
restored. A tiny hole of area s (s << A) is
punched on the vertical side of the container at
a height h (h << H/2). As a result of this, liquid
starts flowing out of the hole with a range x on the horizontal surface. Then
find (a) The density D of the material of the floating cylinder (b) The total
pressure with cylinder, at the bottom of the container. (c) The initial speed of
efflux without cylinder. (d) The initial value of x
Ans: (a) D = 5d/4 (b) (c) (d)
13. A cylindrical tank 1 m in radius rests on a platform 5 m high. Initially the
tank is filled with water to a height of 5 m.
A plug whose area is10−4 m2 is removed from
an orifice on the side of the tank at the bottom.
Calculate (a) initial speed with which the water
flows from the orifice, (b) initial speed with which
water strikes the ground, (c) time taken to empty
the tank to half its original value. (g = 10 m/s2)
Ans: (a) 10 m/s (b) 10√𝟐 m/s (c) t = 9200 s
14. A siphon tube is discharging a liquid of specific
gravity 0.9 from a reservoir as shown in the figure.
(a) Find the velocity of the liquid through the siphon.
(b) Find the pressure at the highest point B.
 (c) Find the pressure at point C.
Ans: (a) 10 m/s (b) 4.3 x 104 Pa (c) 6.6 x 104 Pa
15. A long cylindrical tank of cross-sectional area 0.5 m2 is filled with water. It
has a small hole at a height 50 cm from the bottom. A movable piston of
cross-sectional area almost equal to 0.5 m2 is fitted on the top of the tank
such that it can slide in the tank freely. A load of
20 kg is applied on the top of the water by piston,
as shown in the figure. Calculate the speed of the
water jet with which it hits the surface when piston
is 1 m above the bottom. (Ignore the mass of the piston).
Ans: 4.56 m/s
16. The shape of an ancient water clock jug is such that
water level descends at a constant rate at all times.
If the water level falls by 4 cm every hour, determine
the shape of the jar, i.e., specify x as a function of y.
The radius of drain hole is 2 mm and can be assumed
to be very small compared to x. Ans: y = 0.4 x4
17. A rectangular tank of height 10 m filled with water, is placed near the bottom
of a plane inclined at an angle 30° with horizontal.
At height h from bottom a small hole is made (as
shown in figure) such that the stream coming out
from hole, strikes the inclined plane normally.
Calculate h. Ans: 8.33 m
18. A non-viscous liquid of constant density 1000 kg/m 3 flows in a streamline
motion along a tube of variable cross-section. The
tube is kept inclined in the vertical plane as shown
in the figure. The area of cross-section of the tube at
two points P and Q at heights of 2 m and 5 m are respectively 4 x 10-3 m2
and 8 x 10-3 m2. The velocity of the liquid at point P is 1 m/s. Find the work
 done per unit volume by the pressure and the gravity forces as the fluid flows
from point P to Q. Take g = 9.8 m/s2. Ans: 29400 J
19. What work should be done in order to squeeze all water from a horizontally
located cylinder (figure) during the time t by means
of a constant force acting on the piston? The volume
of water in the cylinder is equal to V, the cross-sectional area of the orifice is
s, with s being considerably less than the piston area. The friction and
viscosity are negligibly small. Density of water is ρ. Ans: 𝑾 = 𝝆𝑽𝟑 ⁄𝟐𝒔𝟐 𝒕𝟐
20. A tank is filled with a liquid up to a height H. A small hole is made at the
bottom of this tank. Let t1 be the time taken to empty first half of the tank
and t2 the time taken to empty rest half of the tank. Then find t1/t2.
Ans: 0.414
21. Liquid is filled in a container up to a height of H. A small hole is made at the
bottom of the tank. Time taken to empty from H to H/3 is t0. Find the time
𝒕𝟎
taken to empty the tank from H/3 to zero. Ans: 𝒕 = (√𝟑 + 𝟏)
𝟐

22. A cylindrical vessel is filled with water up to a height of 1 m. The cross-

sectional area of the orifice at the bottom is (1/400) that of the vessel.
(a) What is the time required to empty the tank through the orifice at the
bottom? (b) What is the time required for the same amount of water to flow
out if the water level in tank is maintained always at a height of 1 m from
orifice? Ans: (a) t ≈ 3 min (b) 1.5 min
23. A tank having a small circular hole contains oil
on top of water. It is immersed in a large tank of
the same oil. Water flows through the hole. What
is the velocity of this flow initially? When the flow
stops, what would be the position of the oil-water
interface in the tank from the bottom. The specific gravity of oil is 0.5.
Ans: h = 5 m
24. A liquid is poured into a vessel at rest with the hole in a wall closed by a
valve. It is filled by liquid up to height h above the valve. What horizontal
acceleration ‘a’ should the vessel moved, so that liquid does not come out
𝟐𝒈𝒉
when valve is opened? Ans: a =
𝒍

25. A bent tube is lowered into a water stream as

shown in Fig. The velocity of stream relative to
be tube is equal to v = 2.5 m/s. The closed upper
end of the tube located at the height h0 = 12 cm as
a small orifice. To what height h will the water jet spurt? Ans: 0.198 m
26. In the arrangement shown in Fig. a viscous liquid whose density is U = 1.0
g/cm3 flows along a tube out of a wide tank A. Find the velocity of the liquid
flow, if h1 = 10 cm, h2 = 20 cm, and h3 = 35 cm. All distances A are equal

Ans: 1 m/s

27. A tank and a through are placed on a trolley

as shown. Water issues from the tank through
a 5 cm diameter nozzle at 5 m/ s and strikes
the through which turns it by 45°. Determine
the compression of the spring of stiffness 2000 N/m. Ans: 1.734 cm

28. A large open top container of negligible mass

and uniform cross-sectional area A has a small
hole of cross-sectional area A/100 in its side wall
near the bottom. The container is kept on a smooth
 horizontal floor and contains a liquid of density U
and mass m0. Assuming that the liquid starts flowing
out horizontally through the hole at t = 0, calculate (i) the acceleration of the
container and (ii) its velocity when 75% of the liquid has drained out
Ans: (i) 0.2 ms-2 (ii)
29. A lawn sprinkler with two nozzles 0.1 cm
diameter each at 20 cm and 10 cm radii
is connected across at tap capable of 6
litre /minute discharged. The nozzle discharge water upwards and outwards
from the plane of rotation. What torque will the sprinkler exert on the hand?
Ans: Г = 0.078 N-m
30. Water flows out of a big tank along a tube bent
at right angles: the inside radius of the tube is
equal to r. The length of the horizontal section
of the tube is equal to l. The water flow rate is
Q litres/s. Find the moment of reaction forces of flow in water, acting on the
tube’s walls, relative to the point O. Ans:

31. A horizontally oriented tube AB of length l

rotates with a constant angular velocity Z
about a stationary vertical axis OO’ passing
through the end A. The tube is filled with an ideal fluid. The end A of the
tube is open, the closed end B has a very small orifice. Find the velocity of
the fluid relative to the tube as a function of the column height h.
Ans:
32. The horizontal bottom of a wide vessel with an ideal
fluid has a round orifice of radius R1 over which a
round closed cylinder is mounted, whose radius
R2 > R1. The clearance between the cylinder and the
 bottom of the vessel is very small; the fluid density is ρ. Find the static
pressure of the fluid in the clearance as a function of the distance r from the
axis of the orifice (and the cylinder), if the height of the fluid is equal to h.

Ans:

33. On the opposite sides of a wide vertical vessel filled

with water two identical holes are opened, each
having cross-sectional area S. The height difference
between them is equal to ∆h. Find the resultant force
of reaction of the water flowing out of the vessel.
Ans: F = 2ρ g S (∆h)
34. Water-flows steadily from a reservoir as in figure.
The elevation of point 1 is 10 m; of points 2 and 3
it is 1 m. The cross section at point 2 is 0.04 m2
and at point 3 it is 0.02 m2. The area of the reservoir
is very large compared with the cross-sections of the pipe. (a) Compute the
gauge pressure at point 2. (b) Compute the discharge rate in cubic metre per
second. Ans: (a) 6.62 x 104 Pa (b) 0.266 cm3/s
35. (a) A ball is projected in still air. With
respect to the ball the streamlines
appear as shown in the figure. At
which point is the pressure larger – 1
or 2?
(b) In the above figure if the ball is also spinning in clockwise sense, in which
direction it will get deflected – up or down? Ans: (a) P1 > P2 (b) Up
36. In the arrangement shown in the figure, the
tank has a large cross section and the pipes
have much smaller cross sections. The opening
 at A is unplugged and the water jet hits the ground surface at a horizontal
distance x. (a) Find the level of water (h) in the tube B as water flows out of A.

(b) Find x. Ans: (a) h =0 (b) 2√𝒉𝟎 𝑯

37. A flat horizontal surface has a small hole at its centre. A circular glass plate
of radius R is placed symmetrically above
the hole with a small gap h remaining
between the plate and the surface. A liquid
enters the gap symmetrically from all sides
and after travelling radially through the gap finally exits from the hole. The
volume flow rate of the liquid coming out from the hole is Q (in m3s –1).

(a) If the flow speed just inside the circumference of the circular plate is V0
find the speed (Vx) of flow inside the gap at a distance x (see figure) from the
centre of the hole. (b) Write Vx in terms of Q, h and x.
𝑹 𝑸
Ans: (a) 𝑽𝒙 = 𝑽𝟎 (b) 𝑽𝒙 =
𝒙 𝟐𝝅𝒉𝒙

38. A horizontal tube having cross sectional area A1 = 10 cm2 has a venturi
connected to it having cross sectional area
A2 = 4 cm2. A manometer, having mercury as
its liquid is connected to the tube as shown in
the figure. The manometer tube has uniform
cross section and it has a horizontal part
of length L = 10 cm. When there is no flow in
the tube the height of mercury column in both vertical arms is H = 12 cm.
Calculate the minimum flow rate (in m3/s) of air through the tube if it is
required that the entire amount of mercury move to one vertical arm of the
manometer. Given: density of Hg = 13.6 × 103 kg m–3; density of air = 1.2 kg
m–3. Ans: 12.1
39. A liquid is flowing in a horizontal pipe of uniform cross section at a speed v.
Two tubes A and B are inserted into the pipe as shown. Assume the flow
 to remain streamline inside the pipe.
(a) The diagram depicts that height of liquid
in tube B (= h2) is more than the height of
liquid in tube A (= h1). Is it correct?
(b) Calculate the difference in height of the liquid
𝒗𝟐
in two tubes. Ans: (a) Yes (b)
𝟐𝒈

40. Water is flowing in a stream at speed v. A L shaped

tube is lowered into the stream as shown. The upper
end of the tube is held at a height h0 above the surface
of the water. To what height ‘h’ above the upper end of
the tube, will the water jet spurt? Assume that flow
𝒗𝟐
remains ideal. Ans: − 𝒉𝟎
𝟐𝒈

41. A horizontal glass tube is filled with

mercury. The tube has three different
cross-sections as shown; with A1 =
18 cm2, A2 = 8 cm2 and A3 = 9 cm2.
The piston is pushed so as to throw out mercury at a constant speed of v = 6
m/s at the other end of the tube. Assume that mercury is an ideal fluid with
density 13.6 × 103 kg m–3. Take g =10 ms-2, Po = 1.01 x 105 Pa.
(i) Find the force needed to push the piston assuming that friction force
between the piston and the tube wall is = 40 N (ii) Find the height (h) of
mercury column in the attached vertical tube. What happens to this height if
the piston is pushed with smaller speed.
Ans: (i) F ≈ 371 N (ii) h ≈ 26 cm. Height h will increase
42. There are two large identical open
tanks as shown in figure. In tank I
there is a small hole of cross sectional
area A at its base. Tank II has a
 similar hole, to which a pipe of length h has been connected as shown. The
internal cross-sectional area of the pipe can be considered to be equal to A.
Point 1 marked in both figures, is a point just below the opening in the tank
and point 2 marked in both figures, is a point h below point 1 [In fig II, point
2 is just outside the opening in the pipe.]. (a) Find the speed of flow at point
2 in both figures. (b) Find the ratio of speed of flow at point I is first figure to
that in second figure. (c) Find the difference in pressure at point 1 in both
𝑯
figures. Ans: (a) in both figures 𝒗𝟐 = √𝟐𝒈(𝑯 + 𝒉) (b) √ (c) ρgh
𝑯+𝒉

43. The figure shows a non-viscous,

incompressible and steady flow in
front of a sphere. A-B is a horizontal
streamline. It is known that the fluid velocity along this streamline is given
𝑅3
by 𝑉 = 𝑉0 [1 + ]. V0 is velocity of flow on this streamline when x → (-∞). It is
𝑥3

given that pressure at x → (-∞) is Po and density of liquid is ρ. (a) Write the
variation of pressure along the streamline from point A, far away from the
sphere, to point B on the sphere. (b) Plot the variation of pressure along the
streamline from x → (-∞) to x = R.
2
𝜌𝑉02 𝑅3
Ans: (a) 𝑃 = 𝑃0 + [1 − (1 + ) ] (b)
2 𝑥3

44. There are two tanks next to each other having

cross-sectional area A1 and A2. They are inter
connected by a narrow pipe having area of
cross-section equal to A0. Initial height of water
in the two tanks is h1 and h2 measured from
the level of the pipe. Assume that the flow is ideal and behaves in a way
similar to the discharge in air. Calculate the time needed for the water level
 in two tanks to become same. Ans:

45. A siphon is used to drain water (density = ρ) from

a wide tank. The inlet and outlet mouth of the
siphon are at the same horizontal level and the
highest point of the siphon tube is at a height H
from the mouth of the tube. Height of water in the
tank above the tube mouth is h (see figure). Atmospheric
pressure is P0. (a) will the water drain out in this siphon? If yes, at what
speed (V)? (b) Find pressure at the top of the siphon tube (call it 𝑃′ ) (c) Find
the pressure just inside the left mouth of the tube. (d) If left part of the tube
is slightly cut short, without disturbing anything else, what effect it will have
on V and 𝑃′ ? (e) If the right end of the tube it lowered by adding more length
of tube, it was observed that flow stops when length of right limb of the tube
becomes H0. Find H0.

Ans: (a) √𝟐𝒈𝒉 (b)𝑷′ = 𝑷𝟎 − 𝝆𝒈𝑯 (c) 𝑷𝟎

(d) V decreases, 𝑷′ increases (e) H0 ≈10.3m

46. An ideal liquid of density ρ is filled in a horizontally

fixed syringe fitted with piston. There is no friction
between the piston and the inner surface of the
syringe. Cross-section area of the syringe is A.
An orifice is made at one end of the syringe. When the piston is pushed into
the syringe, the liquid comes out of the orifice and then following a parabolic
path falls on the ground. (a) With what velocity does the liquid come out of
the orifice? (b) With what velocity does the liquid strike the ground?
𝟐𝑭 𝟐(𝑭+𝝆𝒈𝒉𝑨)
Ans: (a) √ (b) √
𝝆𝑨 𝝆𝑨
47. A cylindrical tube is fitted coaxially at one of its
ends into a hole made at the centre of a large
disc. The structure is held firmly at a height h
above a horizontal floor, keeping plane of the
disc horizontal. When an incompressible non-viscous fluid of density ρ is
fed at a constant rate μ (kg/s) into the tube completely filling the tube, the
fluid spreads evenly in all directions in the gap between the disc and the
floor. Find radius r of the fluid spreading in the gap as a function of time t.

Ans: 𝒓 = √𝝁𝒕⁄𝝅𝝆𝒉
48. One end of a long cylindrical tube is fitted
coaxially into a hole made at the centre of a thin
disc of radius r. The structure is held firmly
under another horizontally fixed disc of the
same radius. Gap between the discs is h. Water fed into the tube comes out
evenly everywhere from the opening between the discs and spreads in a
dome-like shape. If water is fed into the tube at a rate μ (kg/s), find the
radius of the dome at a depth H below the opening between the discs. Neglect
capillary effects and the distance h between the discs as compared to the
𝝁 𝟐𝑯
depth H. Acceleration of free fall is g. Ans: 𝒓 + √𝒈
𝟐𝝅𝒓𝝆𝒉

49. A horizontal cylindrical pipe consists of two

coaxial sections, the section to the left has
radius r1 and that to the right has radius r2.
Inside the pipe, there is a piston in each section trapping an incompressible
fluid of density ρ filled in the complete space between them. Constant
pressures p1 and p2 (p1 > p2) are maintained outside the pistons in the
sections to the left and to the right respectively. When both the pistons
acquire constant speeds towards the right, find their speeds.
 𝟐(𝒑𝟏 −𝒑𝟐 ) 𝟐(𝒑𝟏 −𝒑𝟐 )
Ans: 𝒗𝟏 = 𝒓𝟐𝟐 √ , 𝒗𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐𝟏 √
𝝆(𝒓𝟒𝟏 − 𝒓𝟒𝟐 ) 𝝆(𝒓𝟒𝟏 − 𝒓𝟒𝟐 )

50. A pump circulates water at a time rate q0

through a straight pipe of length I. Now a
ring-shape section of mean radius r is
connected in the middle of the pipe. Inner
section of the ring is equal to that of the pipe as shown in the figure. If the
same pump is connected to this new pipe, how much time rate q of water
flow will the pump maintain? Assume that the pressure difference at the
𝟐𝒍𝒒𝟎
ends of the tube remains unchanged. Ans: 𝒒 =
𝟐(𝒍−𝟐𝒓)+ 𝝅𝒓

51. A vessel is placed on the pan of a balance and another

identical vessel supported on a stand is arranged above
the former vessel. The stand is also placed on the pan.
Both the vessels are partially filled with water. A pump
attached to one leg of the stand can transfer water from
any one of the vessel to the other. Total weight of the
contents on the pan is W. The base area of the vessels is S and the pump can
transfer water at a constant rate of μ (kg/s). How much will the reading of
the weighing machine become if the pump begins to transfer water from the
lower vessel to the upper one? What will your answer be if the pump
transfers water from the upper vessel to the lower one? Density of water is ρ.
𝟐𝝁𝟐
Ans: W + , independent of whether the water is pumped up or down
𝝆𝑺

52. Water is flowing in streamline motion through a tube with its axis horizontal.
Consider two points A and B in the tube at the same horizontal level
A) The pressure at A and B are equal for any shape of the tube
B) The pressure can never be equal
C) The pressures are equal if the tube has a uniform cross-section
D) The pressure may be equal even if the tube has a non-uniform cross-
 section Ans: C, D
53. Two ice cubes, each of side 10 cm have cavity of volume 20 cm3 at the centre
of each cube. These cavities are filled with materials A and B respectively in
cube 1 and cube 2. The specific gravity of material of cube A is 4.9 and
specific gravity of material of cube B is 1.9. Now, these cubes are placed in
two different vessels of same base area as shown in figure. Before putting the
blocks, the water levels in vessels are same. Assume that ice melts uniformly
from all sides and with same constant rate
in both the vessels. (Given, specific gravity
of ice =0.9)

(1) Choose the correct statement(s)

A) A and B sink simultaneously
B) A and B sink only after complete melting of ice
C) A sinks prior to B
D) B sinks prior to A Ans: C
(2) Choose the correct graph showing the variation of heights of water level in
two vessels with time.

Ans: C
(3) Find the ratio of initial submerged volumes of the blocks containing A and
B.
 (a) 49/46 (b) 49/19 (c) 46/49 (d) 19/49 Ans: A
54. Figure shows a siphon in action. The liquid flowing
through the siphon has a density of 1.5g/cc.
Number of incorrect options are
I) The pressure difference between points B and C
neglecting density of air is 1.865 × 104 N/m2.
II) The pressure difference between points B and C
taking into account the density of air as 1.3 kg/m3
is 4.124 × 104 N/m2
III) The pressure difference between points B and C neglecting density of air
is 18.646 × 104 N/m2.
IV) The pressure difference between points B and C taking into account the
density of air as 1.3 kg/m3 is 12.644 × 104 N/m2 Ans:
55. In a machine, a fluid from a compressor, which is at high pressure, is
allowed to pass through a nozzle. Cross section of the nozzle is shown in the
figure. The nozzle consists of two sections of radii r1 and r2. The nozzle is
fixed to a stand with the help of a clamp. The clamp is a circular ring of
radius r1 and width b. The fluid from the compressor is at a pressure of n
times the atmospheric pressure P0. Assume that the entire system is
horizontal, the fluid is ideal and the flow is steady.
(a) What should be the
volume flow rate so that
pressure of the fluid at
end B reduces to half
of its value at end A?
(b) If the entire system is kept in gravity free space and the net force on the
nozzle due to the fluid flow is F then determine the minimum radial pressure
that should be applied on the clamp, so the nozzle remains in place.
Coefficient of friction clamp and nozzle is μ. (c) If a small hole is punched
 anywhere on the thinner part of the nozzle (close to end B) what should be
the volume flow rate of the fluid so that it does not gush out?

Ans:

56. Equal volumes of two immiscible liquids of densities

ρ and 2ρ are filled in a vessel as shown in figure.
Two small holes are punched at depth h/2 and 3h/2
from the surface of lighter liquid. If 𝑣1 and 𝑣2 are the
𝑣2
velocities of a flux at these two holes, find . Ans: √2
𝑣1

57. Consider a horizontally oriented syringe

containing water located at a height of 1.25 m
above the ground. The diameter of the plunger is
8 mm and the diameter of the nozzle is 2 mm.
The plunger is pushed with a constant speed of 0.25 m/s. Find the
horizontal range (in m) of water stream on the ground. g = 10 ms-2. Ans: 2
58. A non-viscous liquid of constant density 103 kg/m3 flows in streamline
motion along a vertical tube PQ of variable cross-section. Height of P and Q
are 2m and 2.5m respectively above the ground. Area of tube at Q= 3 time
area of tube at P. Find the work done per unit volume by pressure as liquid
flows from P to Q. Speed of liquid at P is 3 m/s (g= 10 m/s2).
A) 2000 J/m3 B) 1000 J/m3 C) 1575 J/m3 D) 9000 J/m3 Ans: B
59. A cylindrical vessel contains a liquid of densityupto a
height h. The liquid is closed by a piston of mass m and
area of cross-section A. There is a small hole at the bottom
of the vessel. Find the speed v with which the liquid comes
𝒎𝒈
out of the hole. (neglect presence of atmosphere) Ans: √𝟐 (𝒈𝒉 + )
𝝆𝑨
60. A liquid is filled in a container of area A up to a
height H. A small hole of area a is made at a height
h. A beaker (very small area) is moving on the
surface. Find the speed with which beaker must
𝒂
move so that liquid always falls into it. Ans: √𝟐𝒈𝒉
𝑨

61. A tank, which is open at the top, contains a liquid upto a height H. A small
hole is made in the side of the tank at a distance y below the liquid surface.
The liquid emerging from the hole lands at a distance x from the tank
A) if y is increased from zero to H, x will first increase
and then decrease.
B) x is maximum for y = H/2
C) the maximum value of x is H.
D) the maximum value of x will depend on the density
of the liquid. Ans: A, B, C
62. The range of water flowing out of a small hole made at
a depth 10m below water surface in a large tank is R.
Find the extra pressure applied on water surface so
that range becomes 2R (in atm, an approximate value)
(1 atm =10mof water column) Ans: 3

63. Water is maintained at a constant level of 4.9 m in a big tank. The tank has
a small hole to the wallnear the bottom. The bottom of the tank is 2.5 m
above the ground level. The horizontal distance at which water touches the
ground is(Nearest integer)_______ (in metres) Ans: 7
64. The reading of a pressure meter attached with a closed water pipe is
3.5  105 Nm−2. On opening the valve of the pipe, the reading of pressure
meter is reduced to 3  105 Nm−2. The speed of water in the pipe is ____ (in
m/s) Ans: 10
65. At the mouth of the tap, the area of cross-section is 2.0 cm2 and the speed
of water is 3 ms−1. The area of cross-section of the water column 80 cm below
the tap, in 2 cm is (g = 10 ms-2) Ans: 1.20
66. A gardener holds a pipe of inside cross-sectional area 3.60 cm2 at a height of
1.50 m from ground. The opening at the nozzle of pipe has cross-sectional
area 0.250 cm2. Water velocity in the segment of the hose that lies on the
ground is 50.0 cm/s.Then find the velocity of water leaving the nozzle,
in m/s. Ans: 7.2
67. An unsymmetrical sprinkler shown in
the top view of the setup has frictionless
shaft and equal fluid flows through each
nozzle with a velocity of 10 ms−1 relative
to the nozzle. Find its angular speed
(in rad/s) of rotation. Ans: 4
68. A cylindrical tank of base area A has a small hole of area ‘a’ at the bottom.
At time t = 0, a tap starts to supply water into the tank at a constant rate
𝜶𝟐
of m3/sec. then find the maximum level of water in the tank. Ans:
𝟐𝒈𝒂𝟐

69. Water from a tap emerges vertically downwards with an initial speed of 1.0
ms−1. The cross – sectional area of the tap is 10−4 m2. Assume that the
pressure is constant throughout the stream of water and that the flow is
teady. The cross–sectional area of the stream 0.15m below the tap is
(take g = 10 ms−2) n x 10-5 m2, then n is ______. Ans: 5
Stem for questions 70 and 71:
A container contains three immiscible liquids as
shown in the figure. The specific gravity of liquid
1 and liquid 2 are 0.8 and 1.2 respectively. There
is a small hole having area 10-6 m2 at point P as
shown in the figure. Initially hole is closed.
 The cross-sectional area of container is 50 cm2. Assume all liquids to be ideal
and neglect any type of friction between liquid and container. Read the
paragraph carefully and answer the following questions (given that g = 9.8
m/s2 and h = 28 cm)
70. The value of h1/h2 is ……… . Ans: 21/40
71. At some instant, hole is open, the speed of water coming out from hole just
after the opening of hole is…………..m/s Ans: 3.92
Stem for questions 72 and 73:
A cylindrical furnace has height (H) and diameter
(D) both 1 m. It is maintained at temperature
360 K. The air gets heated inside the furnace at
constant pressure Pa and its temperature becomes
T = 360 K. The hot air with density  rises up a
vertical chimney of diameter d = 0.1 m and height
h = 8 m above the furnace and exits the chimney
(see the figure). As a result, atmospheric air of
Density 1.3 kgm-3, pressure Pa and temperature Ta = 300 K enters the
furnace. Assume air as an ideal gas, neglect the variations in  and T inside
the chimney and the furnace. Also ignore the viscous effects. Assume
atmospheric pressure a P at base of furnace outside the structure. [Given:
g = 10 ms-2,  = 3.14]
72. Considering the air flow to be streamline, the steady velocity of air exiting
the chimney is ________ ms−1. Ans: 6
73. When the chimney is closed using a cap at the top, a pressure difference P
develops between the top and the bottom surfaces of the cap. If the changes
in the temperature and density of the hot air, due to the stoppage of air flow,
are negligible then the value of P is _____________ Nm−2. Ans: 28
74. Water is flowing in streamline motion through a tube with its axis horizontal.
Consider two points A and B in the tube at the same horizontal level.
 A) The pressures at A and B are equal for any shape of the tube.
B) The pressures are never equal.
C) The pressures are equal if the tube has a uniform cross section.
D) The pressures may be equal even if the tube has a non-uniform cross
section. Ans: C, D
Question Stem for Question Nos. 75 and 76:
The Bernoulli effect can have important consequences for the design of
buildings. For example, wind can blow around a skyscraper at remarkably
high speed, creating low pressure. The higher atmospheric pressure in the
still air inside the buildings can cause windows to pop out. As originally
constructed, the building popped windowpanes that fell from many stories
to the sidewalk below.
75. Suppose a horizontal wind blows with a
speed of 11.2 m/s outside a large pane
of plate glass with dimensions 4.00 m 
1.50 m. Assume the density of the air to
be constant at 1.20 kg m-3. The air inside
the building is at atmospheric pressure.
What is the total force exerted by air (in N)
on the windowpane? Ans: 451.58
76. If second Skyscraper is built nearby, the air speed can be increased when
wind passes through the narrow separation between the building due to
which force on the window pane having dimensions 4 m  1.5 m becomes
1810 Newton outward. Find the velocity of the wind (in m/s) near the
window pane after the construction of second building. Air density is 1.20
kg m-3. Ans: 22.42
Question Stem for Question Nos. 77 and 78:
A water tank is designed such that its section in XY-plane can be described
by y = xn, considering origin at its bottom, which has a small orifice of cross-
 sectional area a. Value of n is chosen such that,
(dh/dt) does not depend on h. Also, if h is
maintained constant by replenishing lost water
by a source from top, velocity of efflux also
becomes constant equal to v. If the ejecting
jet (almost horizontal) strikes surface of a block
on smooth horizontal surface (initially at rest),
the block begins to accelerate and the, maximum power delivered to the
𝜌𝑎𝑣 3
block is during subsequent motion. Here,  is density of water. Assume
𝑥

that the water instantly comes to rest after it strikes the block’s surface.
77. The value of n is…… Ans: 4
78. The value of x is…… Ans: 6.75
79. A tank is filled upto a height 2H with a liquid
and is placed on a platform of height H from
the ground. The distance x from the ground
where a small hole is punched to get the
maximum range R is
(A) H (B) 1.25 H
(C) 1.5 H (D) 2 H Ans: C
80. Water is filled in a uniform container of area of
cross section A. A hole of cross section area a
(<< A) is made in the container at a height of
20 m above the base. Water streams out and
hits a small block placed at some distance from
container. With what speed (in ms-1) the block should be moved such that
water streams always hits the block. (Given (a/A) = (1/20). (take g = 10 ms–2)
Ans: 1
81. Oil enters the bend of a pipe in the
horizontal plane with velocity 4 ms–1
and pressure 280 × 103 Nm–2 as shown
in the figure. The pressure of oil at the
point Q is 86λ. Find the value of λ.
(K N m–2). (Take specific gravity of oil
as 0.9 and sin 37º = 0.6) Ans: 2
82. Ideal fluid flows along a tube of uniform cross section,
located in a horizontal plane and bent as shown in figure.
The flow is steady, 1 and 2 are two points in the tube.
If P1 and P2 are pressure at the two points and v1 and v2
are the respective velocities, then
(A) P1 < P2 (B) P1 > P2 (C) v1  v2 (D) v1  v2 Ans: B, C
83. Air is blown through a pipe AB at a rate of
1600 cm3/sec. The cross-section area of the
broad portion of pipe is 4 cm2 and that of
narrow portion is 2 cm2. The difference in
water length is (air = 1.4 kg/m3, water = 103
kg/m3)
(A) 1.6 mm (B) 3 mm (C) 3.6 mm (D) None Ans: C

84. A small hole is made at the bottom of a symmetrical jar

shown in figure. A liquid is filled into the jar upto certain
height. The rate of descension of liquid is independent
of the level of the liquid in the jar. Then, the surface of
the jar is a surface of revolution of the curve (Where k
is constant)
(A) y = kx2 (B) y = kx4 (C) y = kx3 (D) y = kx5 Ans: B
85. The more general form of Bernoulli’s equation for a compressible flow like
𝑑𝑝
that of a gas is given by + 𝑣𝑑𝑣 + 𝑔𝑑ℎ = 0, where the symbols have their
𝜌

usual meaning. A gas is flowing through a horizontal pipe at a temp of 27oC.

The cross-sectional area of pipe at section-I is 0.2 m2 and at section-II it is
0.05 m2. The gauge pressures at section-I and II are 3 x 105 pa and 1 x 105
pa respectively. The gas constant R0 = (R/M) = 290 J/(kg oK) and
5800
atmospheric pressure Po = 105 pa. Take ln 2 = 0.7 and √ = 44. During the
3

flow the gas undergoes isothermal process. Match quantities of List-I with
corresponding value (in SI unites) in List-II.

Column I Column II
(P) The speed of gas at (1) 2
section-I in multiples of
11 (nearly)
(Q) The speed of gas at (2) 4
section-II in multiples of
70 (nearly)
(R) The ratio of densities of (3) 5
gas at section-I to
section-II is
(S) The mass flow rate of (4) 10
gas in the pipe in
multiple of 40 (nearly)
(5) 1

Ans: P → 2, Q → 3, R→ 1, S → 5
86. A bowl of the shape having parabolic (y = kx2)
cross section is being filled with a liquid with
a pipe at a constant volume rate Q m3/s. At the
base of the bowl, a small hole of area a is present
from where liquid is coming out of it. In the steady
state, when the height of the liquid in the bowl
becomes constant, the incoming liquid from the
 pipe is stopped. The time after which the height of the liquid becomes half,
𝜋𝑄3 1
is (1 − 2 2). Find the value of P. Ans: 6
𝑃𝑘𝑎4 𝑔2 √

87. Consider a cylinder of height H and radius R. The side wall of container has
very small holes which are uniformly distributed to its entire surface area.
The number of holes are very large and occupying a fraction k = 0.003 of the
entire area of the wall. Water is being poured to container at a constant rate
𝜋
Q. To maintain the water level at height H/2, the value of Q is 𝑅√𝑔 𝐻3⁄2 .
𝜆

Find the value of . (Assume Torricelli’s law is valid). Ans: 500

Stem for Questions 88 and 89:
A container of square base of side l and height H
is completely filled with a liquid of density . And
it is closed with the help of a square plate AD of
side l. This plate has a vertical tube of radius r
and height h (volume of the tube is negligible as
compared to volume of the liquid) at its centre and a small hole at D. Just
after giving a horizontal acceleration a = g/2 (towards right), find out
𝑙 𝑙
88. Velocity of the liquid flowing out though the tube, if ℎ < is √2𝑔 ( − ℎ)
5 𝑛

then n is (neglect surface tension of the liquid) Ans: 4

89. Force exerted by the liquid on the bottom if tube is closed. (P0 is atmospheric
𝑙
pressure) is (𝑃0 + 𝜌𝑔 ( + 𝐻)) 𝑙 2 . Find the value of n. Ans: 4
𝑛

90. A fixed container of height 'H' with large cross-sectional area 'A' is completely
filled with water. Two small orifice of cross-sectional area 'a' are made, one at
the bottom and the other on the vertical side of the container at a distance
H/2 from the top of the container. Find the time taken by the water level to
reach a height of H/2 from the bottom of the container.
𝟐𝑨 𝑯
Ans: 𝒕 = (√𝟐 − 𝟏)√ 𝒈
𝟑𝒂
91. A cylindrical vessel filled with water upto a height of 2 m stands on a
horizontal plane. The side wall of the vessel has a plugged circular hole
touching the bottom. Find the minimum diameter of the hole so that the
vessel begins to move on the floor if the plug is removed. The coefficient of
friction between the bottom of the vessel and the plane is 0.4 and total mass
of water plus vessel is 100 kg. Ans: 0.113 m
92. A cylindrical vessel of 90 cm height is kept
filled upto the brim. It has four pin holes
1, 2, 3, 4 which are respectively at heights
of 20 cm, 30 cm, 45 cm and 50 cm from the
horizontal floor PQ. The water falling at the
maximum horizontal distance from the vessel comes from
(A) Hole number 4 (B) Hole number 3 (C) Hole number 2 (D) Hole number 1
Ans: B
93. A large cylindrical tank of cross-sectional area 1m2 is
filled with water. It has a small hole at a height of 1m
from the bottom. A movable piston of mass 5 kg is fitted
on the top of the tank such that it can slide in the tank
freely. A load of 45 kg is applied on the top of water by
piston, as shown in figure. The value of v when piston is 7m above the
bottom is (g = 10 m/s2) Ans: 11 m/s
94. An open vessel full of water is falling freely under
gravity. There is a small hole in one face of the
vessel, as shown in the figure. The water which
comes out from the hole at the instant when hole
is at height H above the ground, strikes the ground
at a distance of x from P. Which of the following is
correct for the situation described?
 2ℎ𝐻
(A) The value of x is 2√
3

4ℎ𝐻
(B) The value of x is √
3

(C) The value of x can't be computed from information provided.

(D) The question is irrelevant as no water comes out from the hole.
Ans: D
95. The tube shown is of non-uniform cross-section. The cross-section area at
A is half of the cross-section area at B, C and D. A liquid is flowing through
in steady state. The liquid exerts on the tube
Statement I: A net force towards right.
Statement II: A net force towards left.
Statement III: A net force in some oblique direction.
Statement IV: Zero net force
Statement V: A net clockwise torque.
Statement VI: A net counter-clockwise torque.
Out of these
(A) Only statement I and V are correct
(B) Only statement II and VI are correct
(C) Only statement IV and VI are correct
(D) Only statement III and VI are correct Ans: A
96. A hole is made at the bottom of a large vessel open at the top. If water is
filled to a height h, it drains out completely in time t. The time taken by the
water column of height 2h to drain completely is ___. Ans: √2 t
97. A flat plate moves normally with a speed v1 towards a horizontal jet of water
of uniform area of cross-section. The jet discharges water at the rate of
volume V per second at a speed of v2. The density of water is . Assume that
water splashes along the surface of the plate at right angles to the original
motion. Find the magnitude of the force acting on the plate due to jet of
 water. Ans: 𝝆𝑽(𝒗𝟏 + 𝒗𝟐 )
98. A tank full of water has a small hole at its bottom. Let t1 be the time taken
to empty first one third of the tank and t2 be the time taken to empty second
one third of the tank and t3 be the time taken to empty rest of the tank then
(A) t1 = t2 = t3 (B) t1 > t2 > t3 (C) t1 < t2 < t3 (D) t1 > t2 < t3 Ans: C
99. A closed cylinder of length '' containing a liquid of
variable density (x) = 0(1+x). Find the net force
exerted by the liquid on the axis of rotation. (Take
the cylinder to be massless and A = cross sectional
area of cylinder)
1 1 1 2
(a) 𝜌0 𝐴𝜔2 𝑙 2 [ + 𝛼𝑙] (b) 𝜌0 𝐴𝜔2 𝑙 2 [ + 𝛼𝑙]
2 3 2 3
1 1 4
(c) 𝜌0 𝐴𝜔2 𝑙 2 [ + 𝛼𝑙] (d) 𝜌0 𝐴𝜔2 𝑙 2 [ + 𝛼𝑙] Ans: A
2 2 3

Stem for Questions 100 to 102:

Velocity of efflux in Torricelli's theorem is given by 𝑣 = √2𝑔ℎ, here h is the

height of hole from the top surface, after that, motion of liquid can be treated
as projectile motion.

100. Liquid is filled in a vessel of square base (2m × 2m) upto a height of 2m as
shown in figure (i). In figure (ii) the vessel is tilted from horizontal at 30°.
What is the velocity of efflux in this case. Liquid does not spill out?
(A) 3.29 m/s (B) 4.96 m/s (C) 5.67 cm (D) 2.68 m/s Ans: B
101. What is its time of fall of liquid on the ground?
1 1 1
(A) s (B) s (C) s (D) √2 s Ans: C
√2 √3 √5
102. At what distance from point O, will be liquid strike on the ground?
(A) 5.24 m (B) 6.27 m (C) 4.93 m (D) 3.95 m Ans: D
103. An ideal liquid is flowing in a tube as shown in figure. Area of cross-section
at points A, B and C are A1, A2 and A3 respectively (A1 > A3 > A2). v1, v2 > v3
are the velocities at the points A, B and C respectively.

Column I Column II
(A) h1 is (P) Less than h3
(B) h2 is (Q) More than h3
(C) 𝑣1 is (R) Less than v3
(D) 𝑣2 is (S) More than v3
(T) The maximum value amongst the
three velocities.

Ans: (A) Q (B) P (C) R (D) ST

104. Water (density ) is flowing through the uniform tube of
cross-sectional area A with a constant speed v as shown
in the figure. Find the magnitude of force exerted by the
water on the curved corner of the tube is (neglect viscous
forces) Ans: √3 ρ A𝒗𝟐
105. A small hole is made at the bottom of a symmetrical
jar as shown in figure. liquid is filled into the jar
upto a certain height. The rate of descension of liquid
is independent of the level of liquid in the jar. Then
the surface of jar is a surface of revolution of the curve
(A) y = kx4 (B) (A) y = kx2 (C) (A) y = kx3 (D) (A) y = kx5 Ans: A
106. A large open tank has two small holes in
its vertical wall as shown in figure. One
is a square hole of side 'L' at a depth '4y'
from the top and the other is a circular
hole of radius 'R' at a depth 'y' from the
top. When the tank is completely filled
with water, the quantities of water flowing out per second from both holes
𝟐
are the same. Then, 'R' is equal to: Ans: √ 𝑳
𝝅

107. In the figure shown, a light container is kept on a

horizontal rough surface of coefficient of friction
 = Sh/V . A very small hole of area S is made at
depth 'h'. Water of volume 'V' is filled in the
container. The friction is not sufficient to keep the
container at rest. The acceleration of the container
initially is
(A) (Sh/V) g (B) g (C) zero (D) (Sh/V) g Ans: D
108. A fixed container is filled with a liquid of density
 up to a height 4m. A horizontal slit of small
width but of area = 0.5m2 is made at a height of
2m form bottom. The speed of top surface of the
water level is (area of top surface of container is
𝟒𝟎
4 m2 and g = 10 m/s2. Ans: √ m/s
𝟔𝟑

109. A square box of water has a small hole

located in one of the bottom corner. When
the box is full and sitting on a level surface,
complete opening of the hole results in a
flow of water with a speed v0, as shown in
 figure (1). When the box is tilted by 45° and half filled so that the hole is at
𝒗𝟎
the lowest point. Now the water will flow out with a speed of: Ans: 𝟒
√𝟐

110. There are two identical small holes on the opposite sides
of a tank containing a liquid. The tank is open at the top.
The difference in height between the two holes is h. As
the liquid comes out of the two holes, the tank will
experience a net horizontal force proportional to
(A) √h (B) h (C) h3/2 (D) h2 Ans: B