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SULLI VAN

ALGEBR A & TRIGONOMETRY

ELEVENTH EDITION
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To the Student
As you begin, you may feel anxious about the number of theorems, definitions,
procedures, and equations. You may wonder if you can learn it all in time. Don’t
worry–your concerns are normal. This textbook was written with you in mind. If you
attend class, work hard, and read and study this text, you will build the knowledge
and skills you need to be successful. Here’s how you can use the text to your benefit.

Read Carefully
When you get busy, it’s easy to skip reading and go right to the problems. Don’t …
the text has a large number of examples and clear explanations to help you break
down the mathematics into easy-to-understand steps. Reading will provide you with
a clearer understanding, beyond simple memorization. Read before class (not after)
so you can ask questions about anything you didn’t understand. You’ll be amazed at
how much more you’ll get out of class if you do this.

Use the Features

I use many different methods in the classroom to communicate. Those methods,
when incorporated into the text, are called “features.” The features serve many
purposes, from providing timely review of material you learned before (just when
you need it) to providing organized review sessions to help you prepare for quizzes
and tests. Take advantage of the features and you will master the material.
To make this easier, we’ve provided a brief guide to getting the most from
this text. Refer to “Prepare for Class,” “Practice,” and “Review” at the front of the
text. Spend fifteen minutes reviewing the guide and familiarizing yourself with the
­features by flipping to the page numbers provided. Then, as you read, use them. This
is the best way to make the most of your text.
Please do not hesitate to contact me through Pearson Education, with any
­questions, comments, or suggestions for improving this text. I look forward to ­hearing
from you, and good luck with all of your studies.
Best Wishes!
Prepare for Class “Read the Book”
Feature Description Benefit Page
Every Chapter Opener begins with . . .
Chapter-Opening Each chapter begins with a discussion The Project lets you apply what you learned to 414
Topic & Project of a topic of current interest and ends solve a problem related to the topic.
with a related project.

Internet-Based The projects allow for the integration The projects give you an opportunity to 516
Projects of spreadsheet technology that you will collaborate and use mathematics to deal with
need to be a productive member of the issues of current interest.
workforce.
Every Section begins with . . .
LEARNING OBJECTIVES Each section begins with a list of These focus your study by emphasizing 435
2 objectives. Objectives also appear in what’s most important and where to find it.
the text where the objective is covered.
Sections contain . . .
PREPARING FOR Most sections begin with a list of key Ever forget what you’ve learned? This feature 435
THIS SECTION concepts to review with page numbers. highlights previously learned material to
be used in this section. Review it, and you’ll
always be prepared to move forward.
Now Work the Problems that assess whether you have Not sure you need the Preparing for This Section 435, 446
‘Are You Prepared?’ the prerequisite knowledge for the review? Work the ‘Are You Prepared?’ problems.
Problems upcoming section. If you get one wrong, you’ll know exactly what
you need to review and where to review it!
These follow most examples and direct We learn best by doing. You’ll solidify your 442, 447
Now Work you to a related exercise. understanding of examples if you try a similar
problems problem right away, to be sure you understand
what you’ve just read.

WARNING Warnings are provided in the text. These point out common mistakes and help 469
you to avoid them.
Exploration and These graphing utility activities You will obtain a deeper and more intuitive 430, 455
Seeing the Concept foreshadow a concept or solidify a understanding of theorems and definitions.
concept just presented.
These provide alternative descriptions Does math ever look foreign to you? This 452
In Words
of select definitions and theorems. feature translates math into plain English.

Calculus These appear next to information Pay attention–if you spend extra time now, 210,
essential for the study of calculus. you’ll do better later! 419, 442
These examples provide “how-to” With each step presented on the left and the 381
SHOWCASE EXAMPLES
instruction by offering a guided, mathematics displayed on the right, you can
step-by-step approach to solving a immediately see how each step is used.
problem.
These examples and problems require It is rare for a problem to come in the form 459, 488
you to build a mathematical model “Solve the following equation.” Rather, the
from either a verbal description or data. equation must be developed based on an
Model It! Examples
The homework Model It! problems are explanation of the problem. These problems
and Problems
marked by purple headings. require you to develop models to find a
solution to the problem.

NEW! These margin notes provide a just-in- Sometimes as you read, you encounter a word or 428
Need to Review? time reminder of a concept needed concept you know you’ve seen before, but don’t
now, but covered in an earlier section remember exactly what it means. This feature will
of the book. Each note is back- point you to where you first learned the word or
referenced to the chapter, section concept. A quick review now will help you see the
and page where the concept was connection to what you are learning for the first
originally discussed. time and make remembering easier the next time.
Practice “Work the Problems”
Feature Description Benefit Page
‘Are You Prepared?’ These assess your retention of the Do you always remember what you’ve 452, 460
Problems prerequisite material you’ll need. Answers learned? Working these problems is the
are given at the end of the section best way to find out. If you get one wrong,
exercises. This feature is related to the you’ll know exactly what you need to
Preparing for This Section feature. review and where to review it!

Concepts and These short-answer questions, mainly It is difficult to learn math without 446
Vocabulary Fill-in-the-Blank, Multiple-Choice and knowing the language of mathematics.
True/False items, assess your These problems test your understanding
understanding of key definitions and of the formulas and vocabulary.
concepts in the current section.

Skill Building Correlated with section examples, It’s important to dig in and develop your 446–448
these problems provide straightforward skills. These problems provide you with
practice. ample opportunity to do so.

Applications and These problems allow you to apply your You will see that the material learned 449–451
Extensions skills to real-world problems. They also within the section has many uses in
allow you to extend concepts learned in everyday life.
the section.

NEW! These problems have been added in Are you a student who likes being 451
Challenge Problems most sections and appear at the end challenged? Then the Challenge Problems
of the Application and Extensions are for you! Your professor might also
exercises. They are intended to be choose to assign a challenge problem as
thought-provoking, requiring a group project. The ability to work with
some ingenuity to solve. a team is a highly regarded skill in the
working world.

Explaining Concepts: “Discussion and Writing” problems To verbalize an idea, or to describe 451
Discussion and are colored red. They support class it clearly in writing, shows real
Writing discussion, verbalization of mathematical understanding. These problems nurture
ideas, and writing and research projects. that understanding. Many are challenging,
but you’ll get out what you put in.

Retain Your These problems allow you to practice Remembering how to solve all the 451
Knowledge content learned earlier in the course. different kinds of problems that you
encounter throughout the course
is difficult. This practice helps you
remember.

Now Work Many examples refer you to a related If you get stuck while working problems, 444, 447,
problems homework problem. These related look for the closest Now Work problem, 448
problems are marked by a pencil and and refer to the related example to see if
orange numbers. it helps.

Review Exercises Every chapter concludes with a Work these problems to ensure that 511–514
comprehensive list of exercises to pratice. you understand all the skills and
Use the list of objectives to determine the concepts of the chapter. Think of it as a
objective and examples that correspond comprehensive review of the chapter.
to the problems.
Review “Study for Quizzes and Tests”
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The Chapter Review at the end of each chapter contains . . .
Things to Know A detailed list of important theorems, Review these and you’ll know the most 509–510
formulas, and definitions from the important material in the chapter!
chapter.

You Should Be Able Contains a complete list of objectives Do the recommended exercises and you’ll 510–511
by section, examples that illustrate the have mastered the key material. If you
to . . .
objective, and practice exercises that test get something wrong, go back and work
your understanding of the objective. through the objective listed and try again.

Review Exercises These provide comprehensive review Practice makes perfect. These problems 511–514
and practice of key skills, matched to the combine exercises from all sections,
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one place.

Chapter Test About 15–20 problems that can be taken Be prepared. Take the sample practice 514
as a Chapter Test. Be sure to take the test under test conditions. This will get
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notes! get a problem wrong, you can watch the
Chapter Test Prep Video.

Cumulative Review These problem sets appear at the These problem sets are really important. 515
end of each chapter, beginning with Completing them will ensure that you are
Chapter 2. They combine problems from not forgetting anything as you go. This
previous chapters, providing an ongoing will go a long way toward keeping you
cumulative review. When you use them primed for the final exam.
in conjunction with the Retain Your
Knowledge problems, you will be ready
for the final exam.

Chapter Projects The Chapter Projects apply to what you’ve The Chapter Projects give you an 516
learned in the chapter. Additional projects opportunity to use what you’ve learned
are available on the Instructor’s Resource in the chapter to the opening topic. If your
Center (IRC). instructor allows, these make excellent
opportunities to work in a group, which is
often the best way to learn math.

Internet-Based In selected chapters, a Web-based project These projects give you an opportunity to 516
Projects is given. collaborate and use mathematics to deal
with issues of current interest by using
the Internet to research and collect data.
 For the family
Katy (Murphy) and Pat Shannon, Patrick, Ryan
Mike and Yola Michael, Kevin, Marissa
Dan and Sheila Maeve, Sean, Nolan
Colleen (O’Hara) and Bill Kaleigh, Billy, Timmy
Algebra & Trigonometry
Eleventh Edition

Michael Sullivan
Chicago State University
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The student edition of this book has been cataloged by the Library of Congress as follows: About the Cover:
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The image on this book’s cover was inspired by a talk
given by Michael Sullivan III: Is Mathematical Talent
Names: Sullivan, Michael, 1942- author.
Overrated?
Title: Algebra & Trigonometry / Michael Sullivan (Chicago State
University). The answer is yes. In mathematics, innate talent plays a
Other titles: Algebra and Trigonometry much smaller role than grit and motivation as you work
Description: Eleventh edition. | Boston : Pearson, [2020] | Includes toward your goal. If you put in the time and hard work,
index. you can succeed in your math course—just as an athlete
Identifiers: LCCN 2018048214 | ISBN 9780135163078 must work to medal in their sport.
Subjects: LCSH: Algebra--Textbooks. | Algebra--Study and teaching
(Higher) |
Trigonometry--Textbooks. | Trigonometry--Study and teaching (Higher)
Classification: LCC QA154.3 .S73 2020 | DDC 512/.13--dc23 LC record
available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018048214

1 19

ISBN 10: 0135163072

ISBN-13: 9780135163078
Contents
Three Distinct Series xix

The Flagship Series xx

Preface to the Instructor xxi

Get the Most Out of MyLab Math xxvi

Resources for Success xxvii

Applications Index xxix

R Review 1
R.1 Real Numbers 2
Work with Sets • Classify Numbers • Evaluate Numerical Expressions
• Work with Properties of Real Numbers

R.2 Algebra Essentials 17

Graph Inequalities • Find Distance on the Real Number Line • Evaluate
­Algebraic Expressions • Determine the Domain of a Variable • Use the
Laws of Exponents • Evaluate Square Roots • Use a Calculator to Evaluate
Exponents • Use Scientific Notation

R.3 Geometry Essentials 30

Use the Pythagorean Theorem and Its Converse • Know Geometry
­Formulas • Understand Congruent Triangles and Similar Triangles

R.4 Polynomials 39
Recognize Monomials • Recognize Polynomials • Add and Subtract ­Polynomials
• Multiply Polynomials • Know Formulas for Special Products • Divide
­Polynomials Using Long Division • Work with Polynomials in Two Variables

R.5 Factoring Polynomials 49

Factor the Difference of Two Squares and the Sum and Difference of Two
Cubes • Factor Perfect Squares • Factor a Second-Degree
Polynomial: x2 + Bx + C • Factor by Grouping • Factor a Second-Degree
Polynomial: Ax2 + Bx + C, A ≠ 1 • Complete the Square

R.6 Synthetic Division 57

Divide Polynomials Using Synthetic Division

R.7 Rational Expressions 61

Reduce a Rational Expression to Lowest Terms • Multiply and Divide
­Rational Expressions • Add and Subtract Rational Expressions • Use the
Least Common Multiple Method • Simplify Complex Rational Expressions

R.8 nth Roots; Rational Exponents 72

Work with nth Roots • Simplify Radicals • Rationalize Denominators
and Numerators • Simplify Expressions with Rational Exponents

1 Equations and Inequalities 81

1.1 Linear Equations 82
Solve a Linear Equation • Solve Equations That Lead to Linear Equations
• Solve Problems That Can Be Modeled by Linear Equations

1.2 Quadratic Equations 92

Solve a Quadratic Equation by Factoring • Solve a Quadratic Equation
­Using the Square Root Method • Solve a Quadratic Equation by C
­ ompleting
the Square • Solve a Quadratic Equation Using the Quadratic Formula
• Solve Problems That Can Be Modeled by Quadratic Equations
ix
x Contents

1.3 Complex Numbers; Quadratic Equations in the Complex

Number System 104
Add, Subtract, Multiply, and Divide Complex Numbers • Solve Quadratic
Equations in the Complex Number System

1.4 Radical Equations; Equations Quadratic in Form;

Factorable Equations 113
Solve Radical Equations • Solve Equations Quadratic in Form • Solve
­Equations by Factoring

1.5 Solving Inequalities 119

Use Interval Notation • Use Properties of Inequalities • Solve Inequalities
• Solve Combined Inequalities

1.6 Equations and Inequalities Involving Absolute Value 130

Solve Equations Involving Absolute Value • Solve Inequalities Involving
Absolute Value

1.7 Problem Solving: Interest, Mixture, Uniform

Motion, Constant Rate Job Applications 134
Translate Verbal Descriptions into Mathematical Expressions • Solve
­Interest Problems • Solve Mixture Problems • Solve Uniform Motion
­Problems • Solve Constant Rate Job Problems

Chapter Review 144

Chapter Test 147

Chapter Projects 147

2 Graphs 149
2.1 The Distance and Midpoint Formulas 150
Use the Distance Formula • Use the Midpoint Formula

2.2 Graphs of Equations in Two Variables; Intercepts; Symmetry 158

Graph Equations by Plotting Points • Find Intercepts from a Graph
• Find Intercepts from an Equation • Test an Equation for Symmetry with
Respect to the x-Axis, the y-Axis, and the Origin • Know How to Graph Key
Equations

2.3 Lines 169

Calculate and Interpret the Slope of a Line • Graph Lines Given a Point
and the Slope • Find the Equation of a Vertical Line • Use the Point-Slope
Form of a Line; Identify Horizontal Lines • Use the Slope-Intercept Form of
a Line • Find an Equation of a Line Given Two Points • Graph Lines Written
in General Form Using Intercepts • Find Equations of Parallel Lines • Find
Equations of Perpendicular Lines

2.4 Circles 185

Write the Standard Form of the Equation of a Circle • Graph a Circle
• Work with the General Form of the Equation of a Circle

2.5 Variation 191

Construct a Model Using Direct Variation • Construct a Model Using
­Inverse Variation • Construct a Model Using Joint Variation

Chapter Review 197

Chapter Test 200

Cumulative Review 200

Chapter Project 201

 Contents xi

3 Functions and Their Graphs 202

3.1 Functions 203
Describe a Relation • Determine Whether a Relation Represents a Function
• Use Function Notation; Find the Value of a Function • Find the ­Difference
Quotient of a Function • Find the Domain of a Function Defined by
an Equation • Form the Sum, Difference, Product, and Quotient of Two
­Functions

3.2 The Graph of a Function 219

Identify the Graph of a Function • Obtain Information from or about the
Graph of a Function

3.3 Properties of Functions 229

Identify Even and Odd Functions from a Graph • Identify Even and
Odd Functions from an Equation • Use a Graph to Determine Where a
Function Is Increasing, Decreasing, or Constant • Use a Graph to Locate
­Local Maxima and Local Minima • Use a Graph to Locate the ­Absolute
Maximum and the Absolute Minimum • Use a Graphing Utility to
­Approximate Local Maxima and Local Minima and to Determine Where a
Function Is Increasing or Decreasing • Find the Average Rate of Change
of a Function

3.4 Library of Functions; Piecewise-defined Functions 242

Graph the Functions Listed in the Library of Functions • Analyze a
­Piecewise-defined Function

3.5 Graphing Techniques: Transformations 254

Graph Functions Using Vertical and Horizontal Shifts • Graph Functions
Using Compressions and Stretches • Graph Functions Using Reflections
about the x-Axis and the y-Axis

3.6 Mathematical Models: Building Functions 267

Build and Analyze Functions

Chapter Review 273

Chapter Test 277

Cumulative Review 278

Chapter Projects 278

4 Linear and Quadratic Functions 280

4.1 Properties of Linear Functions and Linear Models 281
Graph Linear Functions • Use Average Rate of Change to Identify Linear
Functions • Determine Whether a Linear Function Is Increasing, Decreasing,
or Constant • Build Linear Models from Verbal Descriptions

4.2 Building Linear Models from Data 291

Draw and Interpret Scatter Plots. • Distinguish between Linear and
­Nonlinear Relations • Use a Graphing Utility to Find the Line of Best Fit

4.3 Quadratic Functions and Their Properties 299

Graph a Quadratic Function Using Transformations • Identify the Vertex
and Axis of Symmetry of a Parabola • Graph a Quadratic Function Using
Its Vertex, Axis, and Intercepts • Find a Quadratic Function Given Its
Vertex and One Other Point • Find the Maximum or Minimum Value of a
Quadratic Function

4.4 Building Quadratic Models from Verbal Descriptions

and from Data 312
Build Quadratic Models from Verbal Descriptions • Build Quadratic Models
from Data
xii Contents

4.5 Inequalities Involving Quadratic Functions 321

Solve Inequalities Involving a Quadratic Function

Chapter Review 325

Chapter Test 327

Cumulative Review 328

Chapter Projects 329

5 Polynomial and Rational Functions 330

5.1 Polynomial Functions 331
Identify Polynomial Functions and Their Degree • Graph Polynomial
­Functions Using Transformations • Identify the Real Zeros of a Polynomial
Function and Their Multiplicity

5.2 Graphing Polynomial Functions; Models 346

Graph a Polynomial Function • Graph a Polynomial Function Using a
Graphing Utility • Build Cubic Models from Data

5.3 Properties of Rational Functions 354

Find the Domain of a Rational Function • Find the Vertical Asymptotes
of a Rational Function • Find a Horizontal or an Oblique Asymptote of a
Rational Function

5.4 The Graph of a Rational Function 365

Graph a Rational Function • Solve Applied Problems Involving
Rational Functions

5.5 Polynomial and Rational Inequalities 380

Solve Polynomial Inequalities • Solve Rational Inequalities

5.6 The Real Zeros of a Polynomial Function 387

Use the Remainder and Factor Theorems • Use Descartes’ Rule of Signs to
Determine the Number of Positive and the Number of Negative Real Zeros of
a Polynomial Function • Use the Rational Zeros Theorem to List the Potential
Rational Zeros of a Polynomial Function • Find the Real Zeros of a Polynomial
Function • Solve Polynomial ­Equations • Use the Theorem for Bounds on
Zeros • Use the Intermediate Value of Theorem

5.7 Complex Zeros; Fundamental Theorem of Algebra 401

Use the Conjugate Pairs Theorem • Find a Polynomial Function with
­Specified Zeros • Find the Complex Zeros of a Polynomial Function

Chapter Review 408

Chapter Test 411

Cumulative Review 412

Chapter Projects 413

6 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions 414

6.1 Composite Functions 415
Form a Composite Function • Find the Domain of a Composite Function

6.2 One-to-One Functions; Inverse Functions 423

Determine Whether a Function Is One-to-One • Obtain the Graph of the
­Inverse Function from the Graph of a One-to-One Function • Verify an
Inverse Function • Find the Inverse of a Function Defined by an Equation

6.3 Exponential Functions 435

Evaluate Exponential Functions • Graph Exponential Functions
• Define the Number e • Solve Exponential Equations
 Contents xiii

6.4 Logarithmic Functions 452

Change Exponential Statements to Logarithmic Statements and Logarithmic
Statements to Exponential Statements • Evaluate Logarithmic Expressions
• Determine the Domain of a Logarithmic Function • Graph Logarithmic
Functions • Solve Logarithmic Equations

6.5 Properties of Logarithms 465

Work with the Properties of Logarithms • Write a Logarithmic Expression
as a Sum or Difference of Logarithms • Write a Logarithmic Expression as a
Single Logarithm • Evaluate Logarithms Whose Base Is Neither 10 Nor e

6.6 Logarithmic and Exponential Equations 474

Solve Logarithmic Equations • Solve Exponential Equations • Solve
­Logarithmic and Exponential Equations Using a Graphing Utility

6.7 Financial Models 481

Determine the Future Value of a Lump Sum of Money • Calculate Effective
Rates of Return • Determine the Present Value of a Lump Sum of Money
• Determine the Rate of Interest or the Time Required to Double a Lump
Sum of Money

6.8 Exponential Growth and Decay Models; Newton’s Law;

Logistic Growth and Decay Models 491
Model Populations That Obey the Law of Uninhibited Growth
• Model Populations That Obey the Law of Uninhibited Decay
• Use Newton’s Law of Cooling • Use Logistic Models

6.9 Building Exponential, Logarithmic, and Logistic

Models from Data 502
Build an Exponential Model from Data • Build a Logarithmic Model from
Data • Build a Logistic Model from Data

Chapter Review 509

Chapter Test 514

Cumulative Review 515

Chapter Projects 516

7 Trigonometric Functions 517

7.1 Angles, Arc Length, and Circular Motion 518
Angles and Degree Measure • Convert between Decimal and Degree,
Minute, Second Measures for Angles • Find the Length of an Arc of a Circle
• Convert from Degrees to Radians and from Radians to Degrees • Find the
Area of a Sector of a Circle • Find the Linear Speed of an Object Traveling
in Circular Motion

7.2 Right Triangle Trigonometry 531

Find the Values of Trigonometric Functions of Acute Angles • Use
­Fundamental Identities • Find the Values of the Remaining Trigonometric
Functions, Given the Value of One of Them • Use the Complementary Angle
Theorem

7.3 Computing the Values of Trigonometric Functions

of Acute Angles 543
p
Find the Exact Values of the Trigonometric Functions of = 45° • Find
4
p p
the Exact Values of the Trigonometric Functions of = 30° and = 60°
6 3
• Use a Calculator to Approximate the Values of the Trigonometric
­Functions of Acute Angles • Model and Solve Applied Problems Involving
Right Triangles
xiv Contents

7.4 Trigonometric Functions of Any Angle 555

Find the Exact Values of the Trigonometric Functions for Any Angle • Use
Coterminal Angles to Find the Exact Value of a Trigonometric Function
• Determine the Signs of the Trigonometric Functions of an Angle in a Given
Quadrant • Find the Reference Angle of an Angle • Use a Reference Angle
to Find the Exact Value of a Trigonometric Function • Find the Exact Values
of the Trigonometric Functions of an Angle, Given Information about the
Functions

7.5 Unit Circle Approach; Properties of the Trigonometric

Functions 566
Find the Exact Values of the Trigonometric Functions Using the Unit Circle
• Know the Domain and Range of the Trigonometric Functions • Use
Periodic Properties to Find the Exact Values of the Trigonometric Functions
• Use Even-Odd Properties to Find the Exact Values of the Trigonometric
Functions

7.6 Graphs of the Sine and Cosine Functions 579

Graph the Sine Function y = sin x and Functions of the Form y = A sin1vx2
• Graph the Cosine Function y = cos x and ­Functions of the Form
y = A cos 1vx2 • Determine the Amplitude and Period of Sinusoidal
­Functions • Graph Sinusoidal Functions Using Key Points • Find an
­Equation for a Sinusoidal Graph

7.7 Graphs of the Tangent, Cotangent, Cosecant,

and Secant Functions 594
Graph the Tangent Function y = tan x and the Cotangent Function y = cot x
• Graph Functions of the Form y = A tan1vx2 + B and y = A cot 1vx2 + B
• Graph the Cosecant Function y = csc x and the Secant Function y = sec x
• Graph Functions of the Form y = A csc1vx2 + B and y = A sec1vx2 + B

7.8 Phase Shift; Sinusoidal Curve Fitting 601

Graph Sinusoidal Functions of the Form y = A sin1vx - f2 + B
• Build Sinusoidal Models from Data

Chapter Review 613

Chapter Test 618

Cumulative Review 619

Chapter Projects 620

8 Analytic Trigonometry 621

8.1 The Inverse Sine, Cosine, and Tangent Functions 622
Define the Inverse Sine Function • Find the Value of an Inverse Sine
­Function • Define the Inverse Cosine Function • Find the Value of an
Inverse Cosine Function • Define the Inverse Tangent Function • Find the
Value of an Inverse Tangent Function • Use Properties of Inverse Functions
to Find Exact Values of Certain Composite Functions • Find the Inverse
Function of a Trigonometric Function • Solve Equations involving Inverse
Trigonometric Functions

8.2 The Inverse Trigonometric Functions (Continued) 635

Define the Inverse Secant, Cosecant, and Cotangent Functions • Find the
Value of Inverse Secant, Cosecant, and Cotangent Functions • Find the
Exact Value of Composite Functions Involving the Inverse Trigonometric
Functions • Write a Trigonometric Expression as an Algebraic Expression

8.3 Trigonometric Equations 641

Solve Equations Involving a Single Trigonometric Function • Solve
­Trigonometric Equations Using a Calculator • Solve Trigonometric Equations
Quadratic in Form • Solve Trigonometric Equations Using Fundamental
Identities • Solve Trigonometric Equations Using a Graphing Utility
 Contents xv

8.4 Trigonometric Identities 651

Use Algebra to Simplify Trigonometric Expressions • Establish Identities

8.5 Sum and Difference Formulas 659

Use Sum and Difference Formulas to Find Exact Values • Use Sum and
­
Difference Formulas to Establish Identities • Use Sum and Difference
Formulas Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions • Solve Trigonometric
Equations Linear in Sine and Cosine

8.6 Double-angle and Half-angle Formulas 672

Use Double-angle Formulas to Find Exact Values • Use Double-angle Formulas
to Establish Identities • Use Half-angle Formulas to Find Exact Values

8.7 Product-to-Sum and Sum-to-Product Formulas 683

Express Products as Sums • Express Sums as Products

Chapter Review 687

Chapter Test 690

Cumulative Review 691

Chapter Projects 692

9 Applications of Trigonometric Functions 693

9.1 Applications Involving Right Triangles 694
Solve Right Triangles • Solve Applied Problems

9.2 The Law of Sines 700

Solve SAA or ASA Triangles • Solve SSA Triangles • Solve Applied Problems

9.3 The Law of Cosines 711

Solve SAS Triangles • Solve SSS Triangles • Solve Applied Problems

9.4 Area of a Triangle 718

Find the Area of SAS Triangles • Find the Area of SSS Triangles

9.5 Simple Harmonic Motion; Damped Motion; Combining Waves 724

Build a Model for an Object in Simple Harmonic Motion • Analyze
Simple Harmonic Motion • Analyze an Object in Damped Motion
• Graph the Sum of Two Functions

Chapter Review 734

Chapter Test 736

Cumulative Review 737

Chapter Projects 737

10 Polar Coordinates; Vectors 739

10.1 Polar Coordinates 740
Plot Points Using Polar Coordinates • Convert from Polar Coordinates to
Rectangular Coordinates • Convert from Rectangular Coordinates to Polar
Coordinates • Transform Equations between Polar and Rectangular Forms

10.2 Polar Equations and Graphs 749

Identify and Graph Polar Equations by Converting to Rectangular ­Equations
• Test Polar Equations for Symmetry • Graph Polar Equations by Plotting Points

10.3 The Complex Plane; De Moivre’s Theorem 764

Plot Points in the Complex Plane • Convert a Complex Number between
Rectangular Form and Polar Form or Exponential Form • Find Products
and Quotients of Complex Numbers • Use De Moivre’s Theorem • Find
Complex Roots
xvi Contents

10.4 Vectors 773

Graph Vectors • Find a Position Vector • Add and Subtract Vectors
­Algebraically • Find a Scalar Multiple and the Magnitude of a Vector
• Find a Unit Vector • Find a Vector from Its Direction and Magnitude
• Model with Vectors

10.5 The Dot Product 788

Find the Dot Product of Two Vectors • Find the Angle between Two Vectors
• Determine Whether Two Vectors Are Parallel • Determine Whether Two
Vectors Are Orthogonal • Decompose a Vector into Two Orthogonal Vectors
• Compute Work

Chapter Review 795

Chapter Test 798

Cumulative Review 799

Chapter Projects 799

11 Analytic Geometry 800

11.1 Conics 801
Know the Names of the Conics

11.2 The Parabola 802

Analyze Parabolas with Vertex at the Origin • Analyze Parabolas with
­Vertex at 1h, k2 • Solve Applied Problems Involving Parabolas

11.3 The Ellipse 811

Analyze Ellipses with Center at the Origin • Analyze Ellipses with
Center at 1h, k2 • Solve Applied Problems Involving Ellipses

11.4 The Hyperbola 821

Analyze Hyperbolas with Center at the Origin • Find the Asymptotes of
a Hyperbola • Analyze Hyperbolas with Center at (h, k) • Solve Applied
Problems Involving Hyperbolas

11.5 Rotation of Axes; General Form of a Conic 834

Identify a Conic • Use a Rotation of Axes to Transform Equations • Analyze
an Equation Using a Rotation of Axes • Identify Conics without Rotating
the Axes

11.6 Polar Equations of Conics 842

Analyze and Graph Polar Equations of Conics • Convert the Polar Equation
of a Conic to a Rectangular Equation

11.7 Plane Curves and Parametric Equations 849

Graph Parametric Equations • Find a Rectangular Equation for a Plane
Curve Defined Parametrically • Use Time as a Parameter in ­Parametric
Equations • Find Parametric Equations for Plane Curves Defined by
­Rectangular Equations

Chapter Review 862

Chapter Test 864

Cumulative Review 865

Chapter Projects 865

12 Systems of Equations and Inequalities 867

12.1 Systems of Linear Equations: Substitution and Elimination 868
Solve Systems of Equations by Substitution • Solve Systems of Equations
by Elimination • Identify Inconsistent Systems of Equations Containing
Two Variables • Express the Solution of a System of Dependent Equations
 Contents xvii

Containing Two Variables • Solve Systems of Three Equations Containing

Three Variables • Identify Inconsistent Systems of Equations Containing
Three Variables • Express the Solution of a System of Dependent Equations
Containing Three Variables

12.2 Systems of Linear Equations: Matrices 882

Write the Augmented Matrix of a System of Linear Equations • Write the
System of Equations from the Augmented Matrix • Perform Row Operations
on a Matrix • Solve a System of Linear Equations Using Matrices

12.3 Systems of Linear Equations: Determinants 896

Evaluate 2 by 2 Determinants • Use Cramer’s Rule to Solve a System of
Two Equations Containing Two Variables • Evaluate 3 by 3 Determinants
• Use Cramer’s Rule to Solve a System of Three Equations Containing Three
Variables • Know Properties of Determinants

12.4 Matrix Algebra 907

Find the Sum and Difference of Two Matrices • Find Scalar Multiples of a
Matrix • Find the Product of Two Matrices • Find the Inverse of a Matrix
• Solve a System of Linear Equations Using an Inverse Matrix

12.5 Partial Fraction Decomposition 924

P
Decompose Where Q Has Only Nonrepeated Linear Factors
Q
P P
• Decompose Where Q Has Repeated Linear Factors • Decompose
Q Q
P
Where Q Has a Nonrepeated Irreducible Quadratic Factor • Decompose
Q
Where Q Has a Repeated Irreducible Quadratic Factor

12.6 Systems of Nonlinear Equations 933

Solve a System of Nonlinear Equations Using Substitution • Solve a
System of Nonlinear Equations Using Elimination

12.7 Systems of Inequalities 942

Graph an Inequality • Graph a System of Inequalities

12.8 Linear Programming 949

Set Up a Linear Programming Problem • Solve a Linear Programming
Problem

Chapter Review 957

Chapter Test 960

Cumulative Review 961

Chapter Projects 962

13 Sequences; Induction; the Binomial Theorem 963

13.1 Sequences 964
List the First Several Terms of a Sequence • List the Terms of a Sequence
Defined by a Recursive Formula • Use Summation Notation • Find the Sum
of a Sequence

13.2 Arithmetic Sequences 974

Determine Whether a Sequence Is Arithmetic • Find a Formula for an
­Arithmetic Sequence • Find the Sum of an Arithmetic Sequence

13.3 Geometric Sequences; Geometric Series 981

Determine Whether a Sequence Is Geometric • Find a Formula for a
­Geometric Sequence • Find the Sum of a Geometric Sequence
• Determine Whether a Geometric Series Converges or Diverges
• Solve Annuity Problems
xviii Contents

13.4 Mathematical Induction 993

Prove Statements Using Mathematical Induction

13.5 The Binomial Theorem 997

n
Evaluate a b • Use the Binomial Theorem
j

Chapter Review 1003

Chapter Test 1006

Cumulative Review 1006

Chapter Projects 1007

14 Counting and Probability 1008

14.1 Counting 1009
Find All the Subsets of a Set • Count the Number of Elements in a Set
• Solve Counting Problems Using the Multiplication Principle

14.2 Permutations and Combinations 1014

Solve Counting Problems Using Permutations Involving n Distinct Objects
• Solve Counting Problems Using Combinations • Solve Counting Problems
Using Permutations Involving n Nondistinct Objects

14.3 Probability 1023

Construct Probability Models • Compute Probabilities of Equally Likely
Outcomes • Find Probabilities of the Union of Two Events • Use the
Complement Rule to Find Probabilities

Chapter Review 1033

Chapter Test 1035

Cumulative Review 1036

Chapter Projects 1036

Appendix Graphing Utilities A1

A.1 The Viewing Rectangle A1

A.2 Using a Graphing Utility to Graph Equations A3

A.3 Using a Graphing Utility to Locate Intercepts and

Check for Symmetry A5

A.4 Using a Graphing Utility to Solve Equations A6

A.5 Square Screens A8

A.6 Using a Graphing Utility to Graph Inequalities A9

A.7 Using a Graphing Utility to Solve Systems of Linear Equations A9

A.8 Using a Graphing Utility to Graph a Polar Equation A11

A.9 Using a Graphing Utility to Graph Parametric Equations A11

Answers AN1

Photo Credits C1

Subject Index I1
Three Distinct Series
Students have different goals, learning styles, and levels of preparation. Instructors
have different teaching philosophies, styles, and techniques. Rather than write one
series to fit all, the Sullivans have written three distinct series. All share the same
goal—to develop a high level of mathematical understanding and an appreciation
for the way mathematics can describe the world around us. The manner of reaching
that goal, however, differs from series to series.

Flagship Series, Eleventh Edition

The Flagship Series is the most traditional in approach yet modern in its treatment
of precalculus mathematics. In each text, needed review material is included, and
is referenced when it is used. Graphing utility coverage is optional and can be
included or excluded at the discretion of the instructor: College Algebra, Algebra &
Trigonometry, Trigonometry: A Unit Circle Approach, Precalculus.

Enhanced with Graphing Utilities Series, Seventh Edition

This series provides a thorough integration of graphing utilities into topics,
allowing students to explore mathematical concepts and encounter ideas
usually studied in later courses. Many examples show solutions using algebra
side-by-side with graphing techniques. Using technology, the approach to
solving certain problems differs from the Flagship Series, while the emphasis on
understanding concepts and building strong skills is maintained: College Algebra,
Algebra & Trigonometry, Precalculus.

Concepts through Functions Series, Fourth Edition

This series differs from the others, utilizing a functions approach that serves as
the organizing principle tying concepts together. Functions are introduced early
in various formats. The approach supports the Rule of Four, which states that
functions can be represented symbolically, numerically, graphically, and verbally.
Each chapter introduces a new type of function and then develops all concepts
pertaining to that particular function. The solutions of equations and inequalities,
instead of being developed as stand-alone topics, are developed in the context of
the underlying functions. Graphing utility coverage is optional and can be included
or excluded at the discretion of the instructor: College Algebra; Precalculus, with a
Unit Circle Approach to Trigonometry; Precalculus, with a Right Triangle Approach
to Trigonometry.

xix
The Flagship Series
College Algebra, Eleventh Edition
This text provides a contemporary approach to college algebra, with three chapters
of review material preceding the chapters on functions. Graphing calculator usage
is provided, but is optional. After completing this book, a student will be adequately
prepared for trigonometry, finite mathematics, and business calculus.

Algebra & Trigonometry, Eleventh Edition

This text contains all the material in College Algebra, but also develops the
trigonometric functions using a right triangle approach and shows how it relates to
the unit circle approach. Graphing techniques are emphasized, including a thorough
discussion of polar coordinates, parametric equations, and conics using polar
coordinates. Vectors in the plane, sequences, induction, and the binomial theorem
are also presented. Graphing calculator usage is provided, but is optional. After
completing this book, a student will be adequately prepared for finite mathematics,
business calculus, and engineering calculus.

Precalculus, Eleventh Edition

This text contains one review chapter before covering the traditional precalculus
topics of polynomial, rational, exponential, and logarithmic functions and their
graphs. The trigonometric functions are introduced using a unit circle approach
and showing how it relates to the right triangle approach. Graphing techniques
are emphasized, including a thorough discussion of polar coordinates, parametric
equations, and conics using polar coordinates. Vectors in the plane and in space,
including the dot and cross products, sequences, induction, and the binomial
theorem are also presented. Graphing calculator usage is provided, but is optional.
The final chapter provides an introduction to calculus, with a discussion of the
limit, the derivative, and the integral of a function. After completing this book, a
student will be adequately prepared for finite mathematics, business calculus, and
engineering calculus.

Trigonometry: a Unit Circle Approach, Eleventh Edition

This text, designed for stand-alone courses in trigonometry, develops the
trigonometric functions using a unit circle approach and shows how it relates to
the right triangle approach. Vectors in the plane and in space, including the dot
and cross products, are presented. Graphing techniques are emphasized, including
a thorough discussion of polar coordinates, parametric equations, and conics using
polar coordinates. Graphing calculator usage is provided, but is optional. After
completing this book, a student will be adequately prepared for finite mathematics,
business calculus, and engineering calculus.

xx
Preface to the Instructor
A
s a professor of mathematics at an urban public sections will have an exploration activity to motivate
­university for 35 years, I understand the varied needs of student learning. These explorations introduce the topic
algebra and trigonometry students. Students range from and/or connect it to either a real-world application or
being underprepared with little mathematical background a previous section. For example, when the vertical-line
and a fear of mathematics, to being highly prepared and test is discussed in Section 3.2, after the theorem
motivated. For some, this is their final course in mathematics. statement, the notes ask the students to explain why the
For others, it is preparation for future mathematics courses. vertical-line test works by using the definition of a
I have written this text with both groups in mind. function. This challenge helps students process the
A tremendous benefit of authoring a successful ­series information at a higher level of understanding.
is the broad-based feedback I receive from i­ nstructors. and • Illustrations Many of the figures have captions to help
students who have used previous editions. I am s­incerely connect the illustrations to the explanations in the body
grateful for their support. Virtually every change to this of the text.
edition is the result of their thoughtful comments and
• Graphing Utility Screen Captures In several instances we
­suggestions. I hope that I have been able to take their
have added Desmos screen captures along with the TI-84
ideas and, building upon a successful foundation of the
Plus C screen captures. These updated screen captures
tenth ­edition, make this series an even better learning and
­provide alternate ways of visualizing concepts and making
­teaching tool for students and instructors.
connections between equations, data and graphs in full ­color.
• Chapter Projects, which apply the concepts of each
Features in the Eleventh Edition chapter to a real-world situation, have been enhanced to
A descriptive list of the many special features of give students an up-to-the-minute experience. Many of
Algebra & Trigonometry can be found on the endpapers these projects are new requiring the student to research
in the front of this text. This list places the features in their information online in order to solve problems.
proper context, as building blocks of an overall learning • Exercise Sets The exercises in the text have been
system that has been carefully crafted over the years to ­reviewed and analyzed some have been removed, and
help students get the most out of the time they put into new ones have been added. All time-­sensitive problems
studying. Please take the time to review it and to discuss have been updated to the most ­ recent information
it with your students at the beginning of your course. My available. The problem sets remain classified according
experience has been that when students use these features, to purpose.
they are more ­successful in the course. The ‘Are You Prepared?’ problems have been
• Updated! Retain Your Knowledge Problems These ­improved to better serve their purpose as a just-in-time
problems, which were new to the previous edition, are review of concepts that the student will need to apply in
based on the article “To Retain New Learning, Do the the upcoming section.
Math,” published in the Edurati Review. In this article, The Concepts and Vocabulary problems have been
Kevin Washburn suggests that “the more students are expanded to cover each objective of the section. These
required to recall new ­content or skills, the better their multiple-choice, fill-in-the-blank, and True/False e­ xercises
memory will be.” The Retain Your Knowledge problems have been written to also serve as reading quizzes.
were so well received that they have been expanded Skill Building problems develop the student’s
in this edition. Moreover, while the focus remains to computational skills with a large selection of exercises
help students maintain their skills, in most sections, that are directly related to the objectives of the section.
problems were chosen that preview skills required to Mixed Practice problems offer a comprehensive
succeed in subsequent sections or in calculus. These are ­assessment of skills that relate to more than one objective.
easily identified by the calculus icon ( ). All answers to Often these require skills learned earlier in the course.
Retain Your Knowledge problems are given in the back Applications and Extensions problems have been
of the text and all are assignable in MyLab Math. updated. Further, many new application-type exercises
• Guided Lecture Notes Ideal for online, emporium/­ have been added, especially ones involving information
redesign courses, inverted classrooms, or traditional and data drawn from sources the student will recognize,
­lecture classrooms. These lecture notes help students take to improve relevance and timeliness.
thorough, organized, and understandable notes as they At the end of Applications and Extensions, we
watch the Author in Action videos. They ask s­ tudents to have a collection of one or more Challenge Problems.
complete definitions, procedures, and examples based on These problems, as the title suggests, are intended to
the content of the videos and text. In addition, experience be thought-provoking, requiring some ingenuity to
suggests that students learn by doing and understanding solve. They can be used for group work or to challenge
the why/how of the concept or property. Therefore, many students. At the end of the Annotated Instructor’s
­
xxi
xxii Preface

­ dition and in the online Instructor’s Solutions Manual,

E Chapter 1
we have provided solutions to all these problems. • NEW Section 1.2 Objective 2 Solve a Quadratic
The Explaining Concepts: Discussion and Writing ­Equation Using the Square Root Method.
­exercises provide opportunity for classroom discussion and
group projects. Chapter 2
Updated! Retain Your Knowledge has been improved • NEW Section 2.2 Example 9 Testing an Equation for
and expanded. The problems are based on material learned Symmetry
earlier in the course. They serve to keep information • Section 2.3 has been reorganized to treat the
that has already been learned “fresh” in the mind of the ­slope-­intercept form of the equation of a line before
student. Answers to all these problems appear in the
­ finding an equation of a line using two points.
­Student ­Edition.
Need to Review? These margin notes provide a Chapter 3
­just-in-time reminder of a concept needed now, but ­covered • NEW Section 3.1 Objective 1 Describe a Relation
in an earlier section of the book. Each note includes a ref- • NEW Section 3.2 Example 4 Expending Energy
erence to the chapter, section and page where the concept
was originally discussed. • NEW Section 3.4 Example 4 Analyzing a
Piecewise-defined Function
• NEW Example 1 Describing a Relation demonstrates
Content Changes to the 11th edition
using the Rule of Four to express a relation numerically,
• Challenge Problems have been added in most as a mapping, and graphically given a verbal description.
­sections at the end of the Application and Extensions
exercises. Challenge Problems are intended to be Chapter 4
thought-provoking problems that require some i­ ngenuity • Section 4.3 introduces the concept of concavity for a
to solve. They can be used to challenge s­ tudents or for quadratic function
group work. Solutions to Challenge Problems are at • NEW Section 4.3 Example 3 Graphing a Quadratic
available in the ­Annotated Instructor’s Edition and the Function Using Its Vertex, Axis, and Intercepts
online Instructors Solutions Manual.
• Section 4.3 Example 8 Analyzing the Motion of a
• Need to Review? These margin notes provide a ­Projectile (formerly in Section 4.4)
just-in-time review for a concept needed now, but
• NEW Section 4.4 Example 4 Fitting a Quadratic ­Function
­covered in an earlier section of the book. Each note is
to Data
back-referenced to the chapter, section and page where
the concept was originally discussed. Chapter 5
• Additional Retain Your Knowledge exercises, whose • Section 5.1 has been revised and split into two sections:
purpose is to keep learned material fresh in a student’s 5.1 Polynomial Functions
mind, have been added to each section. Many of these
5.2 Graphing Polynomial Functions; Models
new problems preview skills required for calculus or for
concepts needed in subsequent sections. • NEW Section 5.2 Example 2 Graphing a Polynomial
Function (a 4th degree polynomial function)
• Desmos screen captures have been added throughout
the text. This is done to recognize that graphing Chapter 6
­technology expands beyond graphing calculators. • Section 6.2 now finds and verifies inverse functions
• Examples and exercises throughout the text have been ­analytically and graphically
augmented to reflect a broader selection of STEM
­applications. Chapter 7
• Concepts and Vocabulary exercises have been­ • NEW Section 7.1 Example 6 Field Width of a Digital
expanded to cover each objective of a section. Lens Reflex Camera Lens
• Skill building exercises have been expanded to assess a • NEW Section 7.5 Example 5 Using Symmetry to Find
wider range of difficulty. Exact Values of Trigonometric Functions
• Applied problems and those based on real data have • Section 7.6 and 7.7 were reorganized for increased clarity.
been updated where appropriate. Chapter 8
Chapter R • Sections 8.1 and 8.2 were reorganized for increased clarity.
• Section R.8 Objective 3 now includes rationalizing the Chapter 10
numerator
• Section 10.3 The complex plane; DeMoivre’s Theorem,
NEW Example 6 Rationalizing Numerators was rewritten to support the exponential form of a
Problems 69-76 provide practice. ­complex number.
• Section R.8 Exercises now include more practice in  Euler’s Formula is introduced to express a complex
­simplifying radicals number in exponential form
 Preface xxiii

 The exponential form of a complex number is used to Chapter 2 Graphs

compute products and quotients. This chapter lays the foundation for functions. Section 2.5
 DeMoivre’s Theorem is expressed using the is optional.
­exponential form of a complex number.
Chapter 3 Functions and Their Graphs
The exponential form is used to find complex roots Perhaps the most important chapter. Section 3.6 is optional.
Chapter 12 Chapter 4 Linear and Quadratic Functions
• NEW Section 12.5 Example 1 Identifying Proper and Topic selection depends on your syllabus. Sections 4.2
Improper Rational Expressions and 4.4 may be omitted without loss of continuity.

Chapter 5 Polynomial and Rational Functions

Using the Eleventh Edition Effectively with Topic selection depends on your syllabus.
Your Syllabus
Chapter 6 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
To meet the varied needs of diverse syllabi, this text
Sections 6.1–6.6 follow in sequence. Sections 6.7, 6.8,
contains more content than is likely to be covered in an
and 6.9 are optional.
Algebra & Trigonometry course. As the chart illustrates,
this text has been organized with flexibility of use in Chapter 7 Trigonometric Functions
mind. Within a given chapter, certain sections are optional Section 7.8 may be omitted in a brief course.
(see the details that follow the figure below) and can be
omitted without loss of continuity. Chapter 8 Analytic Trigonometry
Sections 8.2, 8.6, and 8.8 may be omitted in a brief course.
R 1
Chapter 9 Applications of Trigonometric Functions
2 Sections 9.4 and 9.5 may be omitted in a brief course.
3 11.1211.4 12 14
Chapter 10 Polar Coordinates; Vectors
4 5 6 7 13 Sections 10.1–10.3 and Sections 10.4–10.5 are independent
8 11.5211.7 and may be covered separately.
9 10.1210.3 Chapter 11 Analytic Geometry
10.4210.5 Sections 11.1–11.4 follow in sequence. Sections 11.5, 11.6,
and 11.7 are independent of each other, but each requires
Chapter R Review Sections 11.1–11.4.
This chapter consists of review material. It may be used as the Chapter 12 Systems of Equations and Inequalities
first part of the course or later as a just-in-time review when Sections 12.2–12.7 may be covered in any order, but each
the content is required. Specific references to this chapter requires Section 12.1. Section 12.8 requires Section 12.7.
occur throughout the text to assist in the review process.
Chapter 13 Sequences; Induction; The Binomial
Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities ­Theorem
Primarily a review of Intermediate Algebra topics, this There are three independent parts: Sections 13.1–13.3;
material is a prerequisite for later topics. The coverage of Section 13.4; and Section 13.5.
complex numbers and quadratic equations with a negative
discriminant is optional and may be postponed or skipped Chapter 14 Counting and Probability
entirely without loss of continuity. The sections follow in sequence.

Acknowledgments for her unmatched talent at getting the details right;

Joseph Colella for always getting the reviews and pages
Textbooks are written by authors, but evolve from an idea
to me on time; Peggy McMahon for directing the always
to final form through the efforts of many people. It was
­difficult production process; Rose Kernan for handling
Don Dellen who first suggested this text and series to me.
liaison between the compositor and author; Peggy Lucas
Don is remembered for his extensive contributions to
and Stacey Sveum for their genuine interest in ­marketing
­publishing and mathematics.
this text. Marcia Horton for her continued support and
Thanks are due to the following people for their ­assistance
genuine interest; Paul Corey for his leadership and
and encouragement to the preparation of this ­edition:
­commitment to excellence; and the Pearson Sales team,
• From Pearson Education: Anne Kelly for her ­substantial for their continued confidence and personal support of
contributions, ideas, and enthusiasm; Dawn Murrin, Sullivan texts.
xxiv Preface

• Accuracy checkers: C. Brad Davis who read the entire Finally, I offer my grateful thanks to the dedicated­
manuscript and accuracy checked ­answers. His attention users and reviewers of my texts, whose collective
to detail is amazing; Timothy Britt, for creating the insights form the backbone of each textbook revision.
­Solutions Manuals; and Kathleen Miranda and Pamela
Trim for accuracy checking answers.

James Africh, College of DuPage Rebecca Courter, Pasadena City College Ken Gurganus, University of North Carolina
Steve Agronsky, Cal Poly State University Garrett Cox, The University of Texas at San Igor Halfin, University of Texas-San Antonio
Gererdo Aladro, Florida International Antonio James E. Hall, University of Wisconsin-
­University Paul Crittenden, University of Nebraska at Madison
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hongos="" socos.="" mykees.="" philos.="" amante.="" tr.=""
mj="" v="" gatteer="" vientre.="" micttjj="" hist="" sat.=""
producci="" muced="" mykos="" mucetiint="" ge="" mnaoo=""
producir.="" micog="" qui="" glicosis="" ifue="" expensas=""
dm="" ih="" lactina="" contacto="" sulf="" moco="" glicosis.=""
micol="" ecles.="" hija="" sa="" cuya="" mano="" alcanz=""
david="" maianilo="" vez="" padre="" le="" hab="" exigido.=""
tnykeea="" adv.="" setr="" micologia="" coa="" arreglo="" esta=""
bot=""/>
 íMIC — 990 — MIC lUicoIog'istn com. Micólogo.— De
mícotogía. Mícolog-o, gfa m. y f. Que se ocupa de la tnicologia. —
De viicologia. Miconía f. Bot. Planta melastomácea de la América
Tropical. Micoiiias adj. f. pl. Bot. Tribu de plantas melastomáceas de
las que la miconia es el tipo. iHícorriza f. Bot. Género de plantas de
la clase de los hongos. — Del gr. mykees, hongo, y riza. raíz. Micosis
f. Med. Excrecencia fungosa.— Del gr. mykos, moco. Mieotreto m.
Zool. Insecto coleóptero de América. Miera f. Zool. Género de
lepidópteros nocturnos.— Del gr. mikros. pequeño. Micraeanto, ta
adj. Zool. Que tiene espinas pequeñas.—Del gr. mikros, pequeño, y
akantha. espina. Micrifante m. Zool. Género de arácnidos del orden
de las arañas. Micro adj. Voz griega equivalente á pequeño, que
entra en la composición de muchas palabras.- Del gr. mikros.
pequeño. Mi( licroacústico, ca adj. Que sirve para hacer más
perceptibles los sonidos tenues. || m. Instrumento acústico que sirve
para apreciar los sonidos débiles, haciéndolos intensos para el oído.
— Del gr. mikros. pequeño, yakoyoo, oir. Microbase m. Bot. Fruto
compuesto de cuatro cascaras implantadas sobre una base estrecha.
— Del gr. mikros, pequeño, y base. Microbio ra. Zool. Protozoario
perteneciente á la agrupación de las bacterias globulosas del grupo
de los esquizomicetes, según la división de Cohn: son causa de
muchas enfermedades. — Del gr. mikros, pequeño, y bios. vida.
Microbioloo;ía f. Estudio de los microbios. — De microbio T[ el gr.
logos, tratado. Microbiolog'ico, ca íiij. Perteneciente ó relativo á la
microbiología. Microcarpo, pa adj. Bot. De frutos muy pequeños. —
Del gr. mikros, pequeño, y karpos. fruto. Microcebo m. Zool.
Mamífero lemürido, prosimio: vive en Madagascar.— Del gr. mikros,
pequeño, y keebos, mono. Microcefalia f. Med. Nombre dado algunas
veces al idiotismo, porque los idiotas suelen tener la cabeza muy
pequeña.— De microcéfalo. Microeéfalo, la s. y adj. De cabeza
pequeña. || Med. De poca inteligencia. || Zool. Género de insectos
coleópteros.—Del gr. mikros, pequeño, y kephalee, cabeza. Microcele
adj. Ligeramente hinchado. 1| Que crece y se desarrolla en poco
tiempo.— Del gr. mikros, pequeño, y keelee, protuberancia.
M.icr6cero m. Zool. Género de insectos coleópteros, curcüiiíjnidos. —
Del gr. mikros, pequeño, y keras, cuerno. Microciteinia f. Pat.
Enfermedad caracterizada por la presencia en la sangre de glóbulos
menores que en estado normal. — Delgr. mikros, pequeño, kytos,
célula, T aima, sangre. -Micróeito m. Pat. Glóbulo de sangre
degenerado ó atrofiado. — Del gr. mikros, pequeño, y kytos, célula. -
Microclepto m. Zool. Insecto coleóptero, longicornio, de Valparaíso.
Micrococo m. Microbio en forma esférica. — Del gr. mikros, pequeño,
y kokkos. grano. Micrócono adj. Uist. Nat. Que tiene la superficie
erizada de conos pequeños. — De micro y cono. Microcronómetro m.
Fís. Instrumento para medir las fracciones más pequeñas del tiempo.
— Del gr. mikros, pequeño, y cronómetro. Microcosmo m. FU.
.Mundo pequeño; nombre dado al hombre por varios médicos y
filósofos antig-uos. — Del gr. mikros. pequeño, y kosmos, mundo.
Microcosniolo
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míe - 991 — MIC! MiíTo* ÍVÍI lit'ru^pi'i'iiK», nía udj. Bot. üo

setniltu oiuv pei^uiiñii— Del ^;r. mikrun. pequeño, y aperma,
siniieiite. MicroHpofu, ra adj. Bot. Miorospermo. — Lol gr. mikrua.
peijue-iio. y spura. ^rano. M¡vroH|>ui*oii III. Bot. (léiiero de hongos
parásitos que pruducuu uiiu L-ii(iTiiit^datl de la piel.— Del gr.
mikros, pequeño, y upurua. í;r;ino. Mici'iiMt:iquiil;i f. Bot. Género de
ulantas de América.—Del ^T. iitikroa, pequeño, y atacliys, espij;a.
Illicr, (li'a adj. Bot. Qu» liune las flore la segunda cochura. || inijK'a.
Nombre que los antiguo^ dieron al azúcar. Jl S'ihuk mojuki.as. Se
usa para dar ;i entender que una co'^a cao muy bien sobre otra,
dándole nuevo realce, jj husada, i^arm. Especie de jarabe de miel
mezclada con zumo de rosas. || (Juan). Biogr. Pintor flamenco,
discípulo de Andrés Saohi. en Italia, y nacido en 1592.— Del gr. meli;
tal. mel, del m. sign. MicIdeN (San Bartolomé dei Oeogr. Feligr. enla
pr. de Oviedo (50 kms. I, p. j. de Cangas de Tineo, con 450
habitantes. Mielg-n f. Bot. Planta de raíz larga y fuerte, hojas
compuertas, vastagos de dos .-i tres pies de altura y florea azules en
espiga, jj Agr. Instrumento de labradores para arrastrar la paja. ||
Pedazo de tierra eu una misma baza. II Zool. Pez, solacio da carne
lomostiblo.- En la acepc. de planta, del lat. medica, alfalfa, y en la de
pez, del lat. mnatijculu. dim. de mustelu. pez. Mifljfo, Jifa a.lj.
Mellizo. — Del lat. gemello. abl. do gemcUtis, del m. sign.; del gr.
gemoo, estar lleno; sanscr yamanas, gemelos. Mielitis f. Med.
Inflamación déla medula espinaj.— — Do' f-''- luyelos, medula, y el
suf. itis. inllamacion. Mi«>locitu III. Anat. Núcl.-o que forma el
centro de g adj. Pat. Semejante á la medula de los huesos.—Del gr.
myelos. me.lula, y eidos, forma. Mu'loma m. Pat. Tumor medular, cs
decir, tumor en el que existen los elementos de la medula ósea,
meduloceles y mielopla.tas. — Del gr. myelos, medula, y el suf. orna,
tumor. Mieloiualaeia f. 3Ted. Reblandecimiento do la medula espinal.
— iJel gr. myelos, medula, y malakia, reblandecimiento; do malakos,
blando. JUieioplaxa f. Anat, Nombre dado á las placas ó laminillas de
la medula espinal.— Del gr. myelos, medula, y plax, placa. Mieloquito
m. Anat, Elementos de la substanciad» color gris del sistema
encefalorraquideo. — Del gr. myelos. medula, y kytoa, célula.
Mielusai-coiiia m. Pat. Sarcoma de la medula de lo» huesos.— Del gr.
myelos, medula, y sarcoma. Mieluti^>¡M f. Med. Tisis dorsal.— Del
gr. myelos, medula, V tisis. Miembro m. Anat. Parte del cuerpo del
animal que está unida cou él para algún uso necesario á la vida. ||
Cualquiera parte que concurre á la composición de ui» cuerpo moral.
|| Arq. Cada parte principal de un edificio, lisias. Pierna ó pata de un
águila ú otra ave, separada del cuerpo, jj Gram. Cada parte de un
período o de una frase, fj Mat. Cada una de las cantidades que vaa
separadas por el signo de igualdad, siendo primer miembro la de la
izquierda y segundo la de la derecha.— Del lat. meinbro, abl. de
vienibruiit, del ra. sign.; del sánscrito merj, cortar. Mieiiiita f. Mineral.
Variedad de calcáreo magnésico. Miento Geogr. L. en la pr. de
Santander, p. j. de Torrelavega, con 1.500 h. Mienta i.prov. Bot.
Hierbabuena.- De menta. Miente f. ant. Pensamiento. Ij Voluntad: so
usa casi exclusivamente en plural. — Del lat. mente, abl. de mens.
entendimiento; del gr. meatos; del sanscr. matis, inteligencia.
Mientra adv. t. ant. Mientras. |i De .mie.ntra. Mientras. Mientras adv.
t. Entretanio, en tanto ó entre tanto que. II Cuando.— Del lat. in
interea, en el ínterin. Mientra adv. t. ant. Mientras. Mier (San Pedro
de) Geogr. Feligr. en la pr. do Oviedo (lio kms), p. ]. de Llanes, con
350 b. Miera Geogr- Ayunt. en la pr. de Santander (28 kms.), p. j. de
.Santoña, con 1.700 h. 1; f. Farm. Aceite de enebro. II Bot.
Substancia resinosa que con el calor del Sol destilan los troncos de
los pinos. Es amarga, acre y nauseabunda, de color rojo
blanquecino, y puesta al Sol adquiere un color muy blanco y olor
aroraáiico.— De la voa ant. mera, gota; del lat. merus. puro; en gr.
había viyron. perfume, aceite aromático. Mieras Geogr. L. con ayunt.
eu la pr. de Gerona (31 kilómetros», p. j. de Olot, con 1.300 h.
3Iiéreoles m. Cuarto dfa de la semana. — Del lat. Mvrcurii dies. día
consagrado á Mercurio. Miei'da f. Excremento del hombre: dicese
también del de algunos animales, ji Grasa, suciedad o porquería qu»
se pega á la ropa y á otras cosas. — Del lat. merda, del m. sign.; ilel
sans
 MIG - 992 tancia de alguna cosa moral. ||pl. Pan
desmenuzado y frico.— Del lac. mica, del m. sign.; del gr. viikros,
pequeño. 31ig-:ijn f. La parte más menuda y pequeña del pan. ||
Porción pequeña y menuda de cualquier cosa. || fig. Parte pequeña
de alguna cosa no material. || fam. Casi nada. II pl. Desperdicios.—
De miga. -^Sieajaíla f. Porción pequeña de alguna cosa grande. —De
migaja. JMigajon m. Porción de pan que no tiene corteza. ||
.Substancia y virtud inferior de alguna cosa. — De mííiaja. i\lig-aiuela
f. dim. de migaja. i>li^-ala m. Zool. Género do arácnidos del orden
de las ;irañas.— Del gr. mijs, ratón, y galee. comadreja. 31 ¡g-:i le
asesino m. Zool. Araciioideo terafósido: vive on África y América, y
fabrica telas muy resistentes, bien en los árboles ó bien entre las
piedras, ios muros ó las ventanas de las casas.— Del gr. migale; de
mys, ratón, y galee, comadreja. ^lig^alodunta f. Zool. Género de
arácnidos del orden de las arañas.— De migala y el gr. odoys, diente.
Aligar a. Desmenuzar o partir el pan en porciones muy pequeñas.—
De miga. Mignard (Nicolás) Biogr. Pintor y grabador francés (1Ü08-
1668). II(Peuro). Arquitecto francés, hijo del anterior; dirigió la
puerta de San Manin (1640- 1725i. || (Pbuko). Pintor francés;
llamado el Romano, pintor del rey y director de la Academia después
do la muerte de Lebrún (1610-1695). Migración f. Emigración. ||
Acción y efecto de pasar de un país á otro para establecerse eiíél. ||
Viaje periódico de las aves de paso. Migratorio, ria adj. Que se muda
de una parte á Otra.— Del lat. migratus, emigrado; de migro, pasar
de un lado á otro. Miguel Biogr. Nombre común á varios reyes,
emperadores y personajes célebres: Mi.L'uel, rey de Polonia, sucesor
de Juan Casimiro (1609-1673). || Dos grandes duques de Rusia, el
primero muerto en 1175 y el segundo éb 1317. II Nombre de ocho
emperadores de Oriente desde el año 811 á 1286. |1 Asgei.
Buonarroti. Célebre pintor, escultor, arquitecto, ¡ni^eniero y poeta
florentino (1,474-1564). II(San). Eclea. Arcángel á quien los libros
sagrados representan como el tipo del ángel bueno, luchando contra
Lucifer. || (San). Hist. Nombre de dos Ordenes militares, una
instituida en Francia por Luis XI &i 1462, y la otra portuguesa, por
Alfonso Enriquez, en Ul\. y llamada del águila de San Miguel. \\{S\!'
Í
Se.í;ovia (25 kms.), p. j. de Santa M.iria de Nieva, popÍueaM f. pl.
Bot. Familia de plantas monopélalas, dicotiledóneas.— Del gr. myia.
mosca, y poros. Mutis f. Med. Inflamación de los músculos. — Del gr.
mys, músculo, y el suf. itis, inflamación. Mijala Geogr. L. en la pr.de
Burgos (99 kms.), p. j. de Villarcayo, con 100 h. Mijaneas Geogr. L.
en la pr. de Álava (28 kms. á Vitoria), p. j. de Laguardia, con 300 h.
Mijangos Geogr. V. en la pr. de Burgos (66 kms.), p. j. lio Villarcayo,
con 750 h. Mijiar m. Agr. Campo sembrado de mijo. Mijaralengua
Geogr. V. en la pr. de Burgos (77 kilómetros), p. ). de Villarcayo, con
200 h. iMijardos Geogr. Aldea en la pr. de Santander, p. j. de
Torrelavega, con 50 h. Mijiares Geogr. L. en la pr. do Santander, p. j.
de Torrelavega, con 120 h. || V. con ayunt. en la pr. de Avila (44
kms.), p. j. de Arenas de San Pedro, con 1.100 h. Mijjas Qeogr. V.
con ayunt. en la pr. de Málaga (28 kilómetros), p. j. de Marbella, con
7. UOO h. Mijero m. Poste que en los caminos señala la distancia de
cada milla.— Del lat. milliario, abl.de milliarium, del m. sign.; de
mille, mil. Mijo m. Planta cereal. || Su semilla. Wprov. Maíz.— Del
lat. millo, abl. de milium, del m. sign. Mijos (Santa María de) Geogr.
Feligr. en la pr. de Orense (52 kms.), p. j. de Verin, con 200 h. 31il
adj. Número que contiene ó incluye diez veces ciento. || Número ó
cantidad grandes é indeterminados. — Del lat. mille, de miles; del gr.
amilla, contienda, y ómilos, tropa; del sanscr. mil, reunir. Milá Geogr.
L. con ayunt. en la pr. de Tarragona (11 kilómetros), p. j. de Valls,
con 400 h. iMilacelalia Í.Fisiol. Falta de cabeza. —Del gr.myZce,
mole, y acéfalo. Milacéfalo, la adj. Fisiol. Individuo quepresenta los
caracteres de milacefalia. — De milacefalia. Mil:idi f. Tratamiento que
se da en Inglaterra á las señoras de la primera nobleza. — Del ingl.
my lady, mi •-eñora. Milagrero, ra m. y f. Sujeto que cree con
facilidad milagrosas las cosas que naturalmente acaecen. Mil;>gro
m. Reí. Suceso disconforme con las leyes naturales y atribuido en
todos los pueblos á intervención divina. II Suceso e.ictraño. || Geogr.
V. con ayunt. en la pr. de Navarra (72 kms. á Pamplona), p. j. de
Tafalla, con 1.500 h — Del lat. miraculo, portento; de miror, admirar,
maravillarse. 3Iíl:igróu m. Aspaviento, e.Ttremo. — De milagro. Mil.-
igros Geogr. Aldea con avunt. en la pr. de Burgos (88 kms), p. j. de
.Aranda do Duero, con 800 h. Mil:«grosanieiite adv. m. Por milagro,
sobre el orden natural y ordinario de las cosas. !| De una manera
que admira y sorprende. Mil;«gr
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M I I. — '303 — ^lilt'iiai'io rn. [^spaciu do lukl anos. || n

. — 1).' mtl y poro. .>liliiiii:i (. Milésima parlo de la unidad

monetaria. I\liie>, iii:i adj. Que cumplo o completa el número lio mil.
— Del lat. míUesimo, abl. do tiiiUesimus. del ui. sign.; de m{¿{e, mil.
!>lileí>io, si:! s. y anj. Natural de Mileto. || ('erteaeciente á esa
ciudad de la antigua Jooia. — Del lat. milesio, abl. do vtilesius. del
ui. sign. t\lilif!:rana f. Bot. Granada.— De viil y grano. AIíllioo, ca ad).
Med. So dice de los medicamentos usados para evitar la caula del
pelo. — Do mílfosis. Milflures m. Bot. Kosoli en cuya composicicm
entra cierta cantidad de llores destiladas.— De mil y flor. Milfusis f.
Med. Caída de las pestañas sin enfermedad de los párpados.— Del
gr. milphoosia, caida de las pestañas. Milho^as f. Bot. Milenrama.
Mili Voz que se usa como prefijo de vocablos compuestos en el
sistema métrico decimal, con la significacióa íle milésima parte. —
Del lat. mille, mil. Miliar adj. Diceso de cierta especie de herpes. {|
adj. Que tiene el tamaño ó la foi ma de un grano de mijo. — Del lat.
inilirim. mijo. .>Iiliái*Iil¡;iiMU, ria ailj. Concerniente á la milla, ó al
núme10 mil. II m Poste con que se señala la división de millas.— Del
lat. milliario, de mille. mil. Milicia f . Arto do hacer la guerra y
disciplinar los soldados para ella. II Servicio o profesión militar. ||
Tropa ó gente de guerra, jj Nombre que se da á los coros de los
ángeles, jj pl. Mil. Ciertos cuerpos militares destinados á servicio
menos activo que los del ejército, llamados provinciales, nacionales,
urbanos, etc.: se usa también en singular —Del lat. militia. de miles,
militis, el soldaao. Miliuiant», na adj. Que pertenece ala milicia. || m.
Mil. Soldado alistado en las milicias. — De milicia. Milijg;raiiin m.
Milésima parte de un gramo.— De la palabra lat. mili, de millé. mil, y
el gt.gramma, letra, 6 cantidad minima. Mililitro m. Milésima parte de
un litro.— De la voz mil v litro. Milímetro m Milésima parte de un
metro. — De mil y metro. 31ilio f. Bot. Cierta jdania gramínea
parecida al mijo. —Del lat. milio. abl. de milium, mijo; tal vez de
mille. mil. Miliobates m. Zool. Pez miliobátido, ráyido, plagióstomo:
vive en los mares de las zonas tórrida y templada. --Del gr. tnylee.
piedra de molino, y batos, raya, pez. Miliobátidos m. pl. Zool. Familia
de peces ráyidos, plagiostüiuos: viven en los mares cálidos y
templados. I>Iiliola f. Zool .Molusco cefalópodo, fósil, de los terrenos
terciarios —Do milioloMiliolo m. Med- Tumor pequeño que sale en los
párpados.—Del lat. miliolo, abl. de miliolus, dim. de milium. mijo.
Milípcclos adj. R. pl. Miriápodos.— Del lat. mille. mil. y pi's. pedis.
pie. Militan i<> p. a. Que milita. i| adj. Ecles. Congregación d") los
heles reunidos. — 1.)(! militar. 3Iilitar adj. Que toca o jierienecc á la
milicia, por contraposición á lo civil, ruino adininistr/iciun,
arquitectura, arte, caminos o vías multares. || m. Que sigue o
prolosa la milicia. || n. Servu en la guerra o profesar la milicia. II tig.
Haber o concurrir en cualquier cosa alsuna razón y circunstancia
particular. — Del lat. militare, di: milito, servir en la milicia; de miles,
militis. el sol_ «lado. Álilit.-ira í. fnm. Rspfx.i. viuda ó hija del militar.
^lilitarisiiio m. ncul. I'iedominio del sistema militar •n el ;;obierno del
Kstailo. — De militar. Milit.'irineiite adv. m. Conforme al estilo ó leyes
de la milicia. Militarón adj. s. fam. Que ha militado largo tiempo. ||
Partidario de la aplicación del sistema militar á todo. .>lilitarotc MI 1.
1. .Milit;ir cJu modales rudos y gnv Militc m. ant. Soldado.— Del lat,
milite, abl. do mile». militis, del m. sigu. .Miliiianda (Santa Eufemia
del Oeogr. Feligr. eu la pr. d.< ()rens(! (22 kms.i, p. j. do Colsnova,
con 800 h. .\l¡liiiar, Ueoí/r. V. con avuni. en la pr. de Guadal:i)Mr;i lllt:'
Uins.),"|,. J. de Molina, con fiüU li. .^lilinilloiit'Hiiiio, ma adj. I>iceso
de cada una de loy mil milloiii-s do partes en que se divido un todo.
.■\lll«» G'eogr. Isla del archipiélago de las Cicladas, con o.üüO h. II
Capital de esa isla, sobro las ruinas de la anti gua Milos, donde en
1820 s- d.-scubrióla famosa estatua de Venus que existe en el Museo
de Farls. || prot;. Asturias. Lombriz. .'tlihic.-i f. Zool. Ave rapaz,
nocturna: vive en las peñas. V so :ilimenta do animales pequeños. —
Despectivo do niilatio. .Ililoc-lia {. prov. Cometa de papel.— Do
miloca. itlilodonte m. Paleont. Género de mamífero» megaléridos.
i^lilu),l^losa m. Anat. Fibras musculares que comunican la parto
interna de la mandíbula inferior con la laringe. ^Del gr. mtfloi,
dientes molares, y gloossa, lengua. Milorlillaea f. Cañota, especie de
caña que se crfa en lugares húmedos. Milláu (Juan) Biogr. Escultor
español del siglo xvi. || (Pkdko). Escultor español del siglo xvi. ||
(SkbastiánV Pintor sevillano que vivió en el siglo xvm. || (San).
Geogr. Ayunt. en la pr. de Álava, p. j. de Salvatierra, con 2.000 h. ||
Feligr. en la pr. do Orense (52 kms.), p. i. de Verin, con 350 h. || L.
en la pr. de Burgos (88 kms.), p. j. de Villarcayo, con 200 h.||(SAN
Nicolás de). Feligr. en la pr. de Lugo (55 kms.). p. j. de Monforte. con
200 h. II DB JuARKOS (San). L. con ayunt. en la pr. y p. j. de Burgos
(11 kms.), con 350 h. || dp. YÉronA. V. coa ayunt. en la pr. de
LoL'roño (61 kms.), p. j. de Santo Do mingo de la (jalzada, con 200
li. II dk i. a Cogolla. V. con ayunt. en la pr. de Logroño (39 kms.), p.
j. de Xájera. con 1. 000 h. II DB LOS Cakalleiios. V. con ayunt. en la
pr. do León (33 kms.), p. j. de Valencia do Don Juan, con 250 h.
.Mill.'ina Geogr. \ . con ayunt. en la pr. de Guadalajara (28 kms.). p.
1. de Sacedón, con 650 h. .>lillanes Qeogr. V. con ayunt. en la pr. de
Cáceres (99 kms.), p. j. de Navalmoral de la Mata, con 350 h.
Miilano Geogr. Feligr. en la pr. de Oviedo (99 kms.), I). ). de Grandas
de Salime. con 1.000 h. .>Iillnr m. Agregado de cosas que
componen el número de mil. II Por exageración se toma jior un
número grande (i indeterminado. || Cantidad de cacao de poco más
de kilogramo y medio. || Espacio de terreno en donde se pueden
ni:iniener mil ovejas. — Del lat. milliario, abl. de iiiilUarium: de mille,
mil. .'>lill:ir:i4la f. Cantidad do millares en cualquier linea. li A Mil.
i.AK Mías. m. adv. .\ millares, innumerables veces, i: (S.\N Mamed
db). Geogr. Fr'ligr. en Ti it. do Pontevedra (39 kms.). p. ]. de
'Tabeirós, con 1.2lX)h. ^lillares Geogr. I.. con ayunt. en la pr. do
Valencia (66 kms.). p. 1. de Ayora. con 850 li. .^lillaro Geogr. L. en la
pr. de León, p. j. de La Vecilla. con 14U h. Milli-ritHO (Santa María
de) Geogr. Feligr. en la pr. de Orense (83 kms.), p. i. de Barco do
Valdeorras, con «00 h. .llilIcirÓH (San Juan de) Oeogr. Feligr. en la
pr. d^ Lugo (542 kms.), p. j. de Chantada, con 300 h. ||(SanTiAOo
DB). Feligr. en la pr. y p. j. de Lugo (25 km».), con 300 h. 63
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MIM — 094 — MIIV Millenn Geogr. L. con ayunt. en la pr.

de Alicante (39 kms.), p. ]• e millar. illilloii.-icla f. Cantidad como de
un millón. illilloiiai-io, fia adj. Rico, poderoso, muy acaudalado. — Uc
inillón. MilIoni*!siino, ma adj. Cada una de las partes un millón de
veces menores que el todo. — De millón. Miinai- a. Hacer caricias y
halagos. || Tratar con excesivo rcp;alo, caricia y condescendencia,
en especial á los niños. — De mimo. lumbral m. Mimbreral. Miiubre
m. y f. Bot. Arbusto, llamado también mimbrera. II Cada una de las
varitas correosas y flexibles que la mimbrera produce.— Del lat.
vimine, abl. de vimen. del m. si^rn.; de vieo, atar, verbo que parece
de origen céltico, pues en al. mimbre es weide. Miinl>i*t*af n.
Cimbrear. — De 7nimbre. Alinibrearse r. Moverse y agitarse con la
flexibilidad del mimbre. Mimbreño,ñaadj. Que es de la naturaleza del
mimbre. Alimbrci'a f. Bot. Arbusto cuyo tronco se puebla de ramas
largas, delgadas y flexibles. ¡| Mimbreral. — De mimbre. 31iiiibi>eral
m. Lu^ar ó sitio en que nacen ó se crían mimbres.— De mivibre.
Mimbi'oso, SM adj. Que está hecho de mimbres. Miníela f. Zool.
Género de insectos coleópteros, lamelicornios. — Del gr. mimeelce.
imitación. Mimesis. f. Ret. Imita* ion que se hace de una persona
repitiendo lo que ha dicho y remedándola en el modo de hablar.—
Del sr. mimeesis, de mimeomai. imitar. Minietesa f. Mineral. Plomo
arseni.itado natural, isomorfo con la piromorfita. — Del gr.
íH¿?/teíees, imitador. Mimetismo f. Bot. y Zool. Propiedad que tienen
algunos animales y plantas de asimilarse las formas y colores d»
orros seres.— Del gr. mimetees, imitador; de mimeomai. imitar.
Mími(*a f. Arte de hablar á los ojos sin el auxilio de la palabra ni de
la escritura, por medio de actitudes y movimientos del cuerpo,
sujetos á ciertos signos convencionales.—De mímico. Mímico, ea adj.
Que pertenece al mimo y á la representación (le sus fábulas.— Del
gr. mimikos, farsante, del V. mimeomai. remedar. Mimin Mit.
escandinava. Célebíe gigante y hábil forjador que habita el pozo en
que Odin oculta su ojo (el Sol) todas las tardes. Mimo m. Hist. ant.
Truhán ó bufón qne en las comedias antiguas con gestos y
ademanes distraía y divertía al público. II Lííer. Espefie de
representación jocosa, fiero obscena, de que usaban los antiguos. ||
Cariño, haago ó demosrraoón expresiva de ternura. — Del gr.
mimos, imitación, recreo, remedo; de mivieomai, imitar. Mim<>ni'o
m. Mineral. Roca compuesta de materia arcillosa, feldesp.-ito y
algunas veces cuarzo, procedente de deyecciones volcánicas.- Voz
comp. de las griegas mimos y porphyros. remedo de pórfido.
MimogT.-ifí:» f. Liter. Tratado sobre la mfmica ó los mimos— De
mimógrafo. Mimo. creación ríe \a palabra el sonido del objeto que
aqiK^llu représenla.— Del ur. mimos, farsa, y logos, tratado.
Mimoht^ico, -s i'dr l;i e.\cii;ibllidad de sus hojas, que se contraen y
.■p-rr.in al inmor contacto, jj Nombre íreni^iie.. de tod.is las ai-acias.
|| Mineral. Lava compuesta «le feldespato y piroxeno muy unidos.—
De mimo, porque se contrae, como si imitara los gestos de la
mímica. Mimoseas adj. s. pl. Bot. Familia de plantas leguminosas
que, como la sensitiva, presentan fenómenos de irritabilidad vegetal.
— Do mimosa. Mimoso, sa adj. Melindroso, delicado y regalón. — De
tnimo. Mina f. Conducto artificial subterráneo que sirve para varios
usos, especialmente para buscar minerales, derruir fortalezas,
construir alcantarillas, etc. i| Fort. Artificio subterráneo que se hace
en los sitios de las plazas para arruinar sus fortificaciones. H Min. Lil
lugar que se abro y cava en la tierra para sacar de ella los metales o
minerales. II Nacimiento y origen de las fuentes. ||fig. Oficio,
empleo ó negocio de que con poco trabajo we saca mucho interés y
ganancia. || Moneda griega antigua. (I fam. Cantidad grande de
dinero. 1| (Francisco EsP02 y). Biogr. Famoso general español, de
Idocln, en Navarra (17bl-183(j). || Geogr. Aldea en la pr. de Toledo
(99 kms.), p. j. de Puente del Arzobispo, con 230 h.— Tal vez del gr.
mna. traducido en lat. por mina, moneda; pero pudiera derivarse del
céltico men, piedra escendida. Min.idor, ra adj. Min. Que mina. ||
Ingeniero ó artífice que hace minas. Miii.ll adj. Perteneciente á la
mina. Minar a. Cavar y abrir camino por debajo de tierra. |t Mil.
Hacer minas y llenarlas de pólvora para volar alguna cosa. II fig.
Hacer las más exquisitas y extraordinarias diligencias para la
consecución de alguna cosa 6 averiguación de lo que se desea saber.
— De mina. Minai-ete m. Especie de torre de arquitectura árabe, que
se eleva sobre las mezquitas.— Del ár. menaret, pl. de menara,
candelero. Minas Geogr. V. de la República del Uruguay, al N. de
Montevideo. || Geiíaes. Provincia del Hrasil. con dos millones de h.
Encierra el Distrito Diamantino y ricas minas de oro y otros metales.
Min.-iya Geogr. V. con ayunt. en la pr. de Albacete (49 kms.). p. ]. de
La Roda, con 2.500 h. Min.-iz adj. ant. Que amenaza.— Del lat.
m.inace, abl. de minax, del m. sign. Mineio m. ant. Luctuosa.— Del
lat. minutione, abl. de minutio, disminución. Mineión f. ant.
Luctuosa. Ij Mención. Miiul.'iiino Geogr. La mayor de las islas
Filipinas, después de Luzón, y la más meridional: tiene 220.000 h.
('ap.. Selangdn. Minuia.— Ue mineralogía. Miiier:iloíí;!sta m. Sujeto
versado en el conocimiento d.; los minerales.— De mineralogía.
Mineraliirg'i:» f. Aplicación de los principios mineralógicos al eviudio
de los minerales y á su uso en las artes.—!)« mineral y el gr. erqon,
obra. Miin'falúrji^ico, ca adj. Concerniente á la minera\nT%\ u—
\)einineraliirgia. .Miii«-r:»lurgista m. Que se consagra á la
mineralurii\vi. — \)t viineralurgia. Miin-rí.i f. Arte de trabajar y
elaborar Ins minas. l| Heuníón de individuos que explotan minas. —
lie mina. Minero m. Mina de metales y minerales. || Sujeto que
trabaja en minas ó las beneficia. || ñs. Origen, principio A nieimiento
de alguna cosa. — De mina. Minfroü;Taíí:i f. Descripción de los
minerales. — D» mi nena y el gr. graphoo, describir. .^liiierográíico,
ca adj. Referente á la minerografia. — \^f inínerografía. .>Iiiicro
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MIN — 995 — M I ;v Míneroiiiedicinnl adj. So dice del agoa

mineral quo He usu para lu i.'uiauíúit da alguna düiuncia. Minerva
Mtt. Hija de Júpiter, que iiaoio de la cabeza de ese dios. ariiuKla ya y
dundo la voz de guerra: simboliza lu luciía por lu cienfia y el
progrebo. — be la raíz meu, del >;r. tneno.^. inteligencia.
Min>^l:iti:i i. unt. liot. (Jranuda.— De milgrana. Miuuiaiiill:i Uvoyr.
V.con ayunt. en lu pi. de Cuenoa (77 knis.i, p. j. di) Mutillu do
Palaiiour, ezarsu cada rnuiio del juego de biliar, ha ilo estar colocada
en lu «-abecera de la mesa, y con lu cual no tira ningún» de los
jugadores, á no ser que jueguen tres, y cada uno por su cuenta. ||
Üg. y íaiii. Iloiiibro muy coiiipuusto y uluviado. Miii^oriia Geogr. V.
con ayuni. en la pr. y p. ]. de Avila (11 kiiis.i, con 1.200 h. Mingr.-iii:i
I- anr. Bot. Granada.— De milgrana. 'M\uH\\i\ f. ani. Mengua.
Miii;iu;nl«», «la a. i), ani. Menguado. liliiiuiiai- 11. ant. Menguar.
>lii)uiiitiiia (. Viam. Kxtracto do miniante. Miiiiaiito m. Bot. Planta
luima'^uia de hermosas y fragantes llore-i.— Del gr. minyanthes; de
minya, pequeño, y anthos. Ilnr. Miniar a. Pmt. Pintar de miniatura.—
Del lat. miniare, de minio, piiit.ir con minio ó bermellón. Miuintui':> f.
Pintura en pequeño sobre vitela, marfll ú otra superficie delicada, y
con colores desleídos en goma. —De miniar. Miniatui-ista com. Pintor
de miniatura.— De miniatura. Miiiii>i:> f. Mtis. Una de las siete notas
cuyo valor es la miiuil (lo la semibreve. — De íninimo. Miuiíiia «le
iiialÍ!» loe. lat. Del mal la menor parte. MiuiiiiÍ!, iiiii adj. Pequeño. II
£c2es. Religioso ó religiosa de lu orden de Sají Francisco de Paula:
se usa tambióQ como substantivo. II m. \i\. Antiguamente, en los
estudios de gramática, la clase segunda,— Del lat. miniuio. abl. de
minimus, sup. de parvas, pequeño; de «it/íMS, menos. Míniíiiiini m.
Grado más pequeño á que puede quedar reduciila una cantidad, una
pena, etc.— Del lat. viinimum, la menor parte. .>I¡iiiii«», ii;i m. y f.
fam. Gato.— Voz onomatopéyica. Miuiu m. Mineral, y Quim. Pintura
tci*«> m. 2ooí. Género de mamíferos quirópteros, vuspertluidos.-
Del gr. minya, pequeño, y pteron. a;a. Mini«»t«M'iaI adj. Que
pertenece al Ministerio ó Gobierno del liaudo, O á alguno de ios
Í
ministros. — Do ministerio. MinÍ!«tefial¡snio m. Pol. Opinión,
conducta de los diput:idos, periodistas, etc., que sistematicainenie
sostienen á determinados ministerios.— De miniaterial.
Míni'stfrialiiiente adv. m. Con ministerio ó facultades y üllcios de
ministro. Ministi>fi«> m. Uticio, empleo, cargo i'i ocup.ición de cada
uno. || Cualquier ejercicioo trabajo manual. || Adm. Gobierno del
l'^stado en cada uno de los ramos en que se divide. || db Estado. El
que tiene á su cargo las relaciones con las potencias extranjeras. ||
de la GobbiiNACióN. El qu.) dirige el gobierno imerior del puis y Tela
por la conservación del orden piiblico. ¡| rk Gracia Y Jusrii-iA. .Aquel
de que dependen el clero, los tribunales y la administración de
justicia. || de Instrucción púni.K'A Y Bki las Auies. a cuyo cargo está
la enseñanza. II i>K Ariiticui.TURA, Industkia y Comercio. El ramo de
la gobernación del Estado en cuiinio se refiere á esos objeiiis. II iiR
II M'iKNiiA. El que tiene á su cargo la recaudación y distribución de
los impuestos ó rontas públicas. II DE LA GuEüiiA. El quo dirige y
organiza las fuerzas del ejército, cuida del abasiecimiento y
guarnición de las plazas fuertes y do cuanto es necesario para la
defensa del país. || dk Makina. I'^l que dirige y fomenta tollos los
institutos de la Armada y vela por la conservarii^n y aumniiio de la
escuadra naciunal.il Empleo de ministro y el tiempo que diir:i su
ejercicio. — Del lat. ministerio, abl. de mmiaterium, empleo, servicio,
enc-argo. Mini-^ti-a f. Mujer que sirvo á otro para alguna cosa. ||
.Mujer del ministro. |{ Prelada de monjas trinitarias. — Del luí.
ministra, del ra. sign. J\Iini>trai-actral adj. Mar. Viento maestral, que
viene de la parte intermedia entre el poniente y tramontana, según
la división de la rosa náutica que se usa en el Mediterráneo.
Minturna Geogr. ant. Ciudad del Lacio donde Mario so oculto á las
pesquisas do Sila. Minucia f. Cierta especie de diezmo que se pagaba
de los frutos menores, jj Monudencia, cortedad, cosa de fioco valor y
entidad. || Hiat. ant. Puerta de Roma qne leva este nombre.— Del
lat. minutia, la menor parte, de mimes, menor. Miiiui'ioHamt'iite adv.
m. i'Jon minuciosidad. Miuuoion()o m. Alg. y Aritm. Cantidad de quo
ha d«) restarse otra.- Del lat. minuendo, abl. deminuendus, L'or. de
minuo. disminuir. I\Iinuete m. Minué. Minúscula f. Letra pequeña.—
Del lat. minúscula, f. de mintisculns, dim. de nnnus, menor. Miiiut:( f.
l')xtructo ó borrador que .se hace de algún contrato ú otra cosa. ||
Apuntación por escrito de alguna cosa para tenerla presento. Ii
Cuenta que presenuiii los abogailos y curiales do sus honorarios ó
derechos. |; Lista de los manjares y licores que han de servirse en
una comida. — Del lat. viinuta scriptura, carácter pequeño de letra
que se empleaba para escribir los actos públicos. Minutnr a. Hacer el
borrador ó apuntación de alguna cosa. — De minuta. Minutario ni.
Cuadernillo de papel común en que sieikta el notario las minutas de
las escrituras que so otorgan ante él. — De minuta. Mii>ut«-r
 Mío — 996 MIR Aliñambres Geogr. L. en la pr. de León (44
kms.). jp. j. de I^a Bañeza, con 550 h. Miñana (José Manuel) Biogr.
Pintor y erudito español, de Valencia (l(j71-lT3Uj. || Geogr. L. con
ayunt. en la pr. y p. j. de Soria (39 kms.), con 250 li. Mi ñauo Mayor
Geogr. L. en la pr. de Álava, p. j. de Vitoria (9 kms.). con 2UÜ h. ||
Menoií. L. en la pr. de Ala\a. p. j. de Vitoria (U kmS-), con 100 h.
Miñañes Geogr. L. con ayunt. en la pr. de Falencia (47 kms.), p. j. de
Carrion de los Condes, con 400 habitantes. Miñarse r. Germ. Irse,
marcharse.— De eliminarse, por aféresis. Minera Geogr. L. en la pr.
de León, p. j. do Murías de l'aredes, con 100 h. Miño Geogr. L. con
ayunt. en la pr. de Soria (66 kms.), p. ]. de Medinaceli. con 100 h. ||
(Santa Maiíía del Feligr. en la pr. de la Coruña (22 kms.), p. j. de
Fuentedeume, con 1.400 h. || de San Esteiían. L. con ayunt. enlapr.
de Soria (80 kms.), p. j. de Burgo de üsma, con 450 h. Miñón m.
Soldado de tropa ligera destinado en otro ■ tiempo á perseguir
ladrones jv contrabandistas, y á cuidar de los bosques reales. ||
Geogr. L. en la pr. de Burgos (77 kms.), p. ]. de Villarcayo, con 180
b. || L. con ayunt. en la pr. y p. j. de Burgos (17 kms.), con 2Ü0 h.—
De mi niño; del lat. minimus, pasando por minino. Miñona f. Impr.
Carácte'r de letra de siete puntos tiÍiOgrá ticos. iñortos (San Martin
de) Geogr. V. en la pr. de la Goruña (94 kms.), p. j. de Noya. con
1.000 h. Miñosa (La) Geogr. L. con ayuni. en la pr. de Guadalajara
(44 kms.), p. j. de Atienza, con 750 h. || L. con ayunt. en la pr. de
Soria (39 kms.), p. j. de Almazán, con 70 h. II f. Zool. Lombriz.
Miñólos (San Pedro de) Geogr. Feligr. en la pr. de Lugo (55 kms.), p.
j. de \ ivero. con S50 U. Mío Pref. lécn. del gr. mys, mijos, músculo y
ratón. || Voz con que se llama al gato. Mío, mía Pron. poses, de
primera persona en género masculino y femenino y niimero singular,
que significa ■ lo que es propio y pertenece al que habla.— Dellat.
meo, mea, de meiis, a, um. Miocardio in. Zool. Parte carnosa del
corazón.— Del £v. mys, myos, músculo, y kardia, corazón.
Miocarditis f. Mecí. Infiamaeión del miocardio. — De miocardio y el
suí. itis, inllamactón. Miocelaigia f. Med. Dolor en los músculos del
vientre.—Del gr. mys, músculo, keelee, tumor, y algos, dolor. Mioeele
m. Cir. Tumor muscular.— Del gr. mys, músculo, y keelee, tumor.
Mioceno, na adj. Geol. Se dice del terreno fosilifero sobrepuesto al
eoceno, el cual contiene una porción menor de conchas que el
plioceno. — Del gr. viiion, menos, y kainos, reciente. Mioclonia f. Pat.
Afección nerviosa espasmódica, caracterizada por convulsiones
clónicas. — Del gr. mys, músculo, y klonos, agitación. Miocolitas f.
Med. Inflamación de los músculos del vientre.— Del gr. mys,
músculo, koolon, colón, y el suf. itis, inflamación. Mioctono m. Bot.
Raíz del acónito.— Del gr. myokto710S, del m. sign. Miodiiiia f. jl/fid.
Dolor de los músculos.- Delgr. mys, myos, músculo, y odynee. dolor.
Aliodo m. Zool. Género de mamíferos roedores, múridos.—Del gr.
viys, ratón, y eidos, aspecto. Miodopsia f. Pat. Fenómeno
caracterizado por la percepción de imágenes subjetivas, que parecen
pasar por delante de los ojos.— Del gr. myiodes, semejante á las
moscas, y ops. ojo. Miofono m. Electr. Aparato destinado á
reproducir muy ampliados los ruidos ocasionados por las
contracciones de los músculos.— Del gr. mys, músculo, y phoonee,
sonido. Miogloso m. Anat. Músculo que sirve para mover 1?. lengua
hacia arriba.- Del gr. mys, myos, músculo, y j glossa, lengua. i Miogr.-
ifía f. Anat. Parte de la anatomía que tiene por objeto la descripción
de los músculos.— Del gr. mys, myos, músculo, y graphoo, describir.
Miojj^rafo ui. Fisiol. Instrumento que sirve para estudiar la
contracción muscular. — Del gr. mys, myos, músculo, y grap¡ioo,
trazar, describir. Mioideo, dea adj. Cír. So dice de los tumores que se
desarrollan principalmente en el tubo alimenticio, el útero y sus
dependencias.— Del gr. mys, myos, músculo, y eidos. forma. Mioidcs
adj. Pat. Caliñcación de los tumores compuestos de fibras
musculares de la vida orgánica. — Del gr. 7nys. myos. músculo, y
eidos. forma. Miolenia m. Zool. Cada uno de los tubos transparentes
que contienen fibras musculares.— Del gr viys, myoa, músculo, y
lemma. túnica, cubierta. Miolou^ia' f. Tratado ó descripción de las
moscas. || Conocimiento de los músculos.— Del gr. myia. mosca, ó
myos. músculo, según el significado, y logos, tratado. Miológ-ico, ca
adj. Perteneciente á la miología. — De miologia. Miólogo, ga ra. y f.
Autor de una miologia.— De miología. Miolotisis f. Med. Consunción
de la medula espinal.— Del gr. luyelos, medula, espinazo, y tisis.
Mioma Geogr. L. en la pr. de Álava (39 kms. á Vitoria), p. j. do
Amurrio, ..on 150 h. || f. Pat. Tumor compuesto de tejido muscular.
— Del gr. mys, myos, músculo, y el suf. orna, tumor. Miom:ilaitis f.
Pat. Inflamación de los músculos. — Del gr. viys, myos, músculo, y el
suf. itis, inflamación. Miosota f. Bot. Planta, oreja de ratón. — Del gr.
myosootis; de mys, myos, ratón, y oys, ootos, oreja. Miosuro m. Bot.
Género de plantas ranunculáceas.— Del gr. mys, ratón, y oyra, rabo,
cola. Miotilidad f. Fisi'ol. Contractilidad de los músculos. — Del gr.
mys, myos, músculo. 3Iiotoiiiía f. Anat. Disección anatómica de los
músculos.—Del gr. mys, myos, músculo, y tornee, sección.
Miotóinieo, ea adj. Anat. Referente á la miotomia. — —De miotomia.
Mióxidos m. pl. Zool. Mamíferos roedores: viven o Europa, Asia y
África. Mioxo m. Zool. Género de mamíferos roedores.— Del gr.
myoóxos. lirón. Mioxóinido in. Zool. Género de mamíferos roedores,
múridos. — Del gr. myooxos. lirón, y mys, ratón. Mipauas Geogr. L.
con ayunt. en la pr. de Huesca (55 kms.), p. ]. de Barbastro, con 350
h. Miqueas Ecles. Uno de los doce profetas menores en el sij.'lo VII
a. de .1. Miquelete m. Fusilero de montaña en Cataluña. |1 Individuo
perteneciente á la milicia foral de la provincia de Guipúzcoa.— Dim.
de Miquelot de Prats, antiguo jefe deesa tropa. Miqnis (Con) loe.
fam. De forma pleonástica. Conmigo. — Del ib. célt. michi, por el lat.
mihi, dat. de ego, yo. Mir Biogr. Rey de los suevos, hijo y sucesor de
Teodomiro en 569: protegió á los católicos y murió en 572. Mira f.
Pieza que se pone en algunos instrumentos y en las armas do fuego
para dirigirla vista y asegurarla puntería. || Mil. Ángulo en la parte
superior de la adarga. I| fig. Intención, reparo ó advertencia que se
tiene en la ejecución de alguna cosa. || Geogr. V. con ayunt. en la pr.
de Cuenca (77 kms.), p. j. de Cañete, con 2.500 b. II (Santa María
de). Feligr. en la pr. de la Coruña (49 krns.), p. j. de Corcubión, con
300 h. — De mirar. Mir:ibeau (Gabriel Honorato Riquetti, conde de)
Biogr. Célebre orador francés (1749-1791).
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MIR — 997 — MIR Mirnheehc fíeogr. V. con ayunt. en la yv.

fie Burgos (r)5 kiiis.i, p. 1, lie Miranda do libro, con 5ÜÜ l>. Mirabel
ni. liot. Planta cuyo tullo, do mus dn una vam d» altura, eRlii
cubierto desde la raiz du rumas corlas, lo quo lo da forma do ciprés.
Wprov. Girasol.— Üe mira, Íior vista, y bella. ir;iltil«' vÍMii loo. lat.
Cosa admirablo de ver, digna de ver^rt. Mir:iliilit:i f. Mineral. Sulfato
de sodio hidratado.— l)el l:il. mirubilis, admirable; de miror, admirar.
Mif:ibl<> id], nni. .Admir.ible.— Del lat. mirabile, de viirabilis; do
miror, admirar. M¡r:»liol:iii«'.i« adj. s. ¡>1. Uot. Tribu de plantas
combrel.Hci'üs oiiyo ti|)o es el miraboluno. Mir:ibol:iii«» III. Dot.
Fiuiodo India, parecido :i la ciruela y con liu'eso do alnifudra, ((uo su
usa coino ))Ureanii>."— Del '^v. myrobalunos; de iiiyron, iierfume, y
haUíni'S. ^hnidula. Mirab(»l:iiiUM m. Bot. Mirabolano. MirabiK'iio
Ueogr. L. con ayunt. en la pr. de Guadal.-ijara (49 kins.), p. j. de
!Sigüt;n¿a, con 50Ü h. M¡i*:ic:iiit(» in. Dot. Cardo corredor. — Del gr.
myron, incicn-io. y akantha, espina. Mirado ni. ant. Milagro.
Mir:M-«il«»s:imonte adv. rn. ant. Milagrosamente. Mii*a«Mib«so, sa
adj. aiit. M'lagroso. — Do igual voz lat.; lio miracuhim. poriento; do
miror, adm'rar. Mir:t4l:i f. Acción de mirar ligeramciue. o la do clavar
los ojos para ex|iresar algún afecto. — lie mirar. Miratlei'O m. Sitio o
luijar público que está patente á la vista de todos. i| Lugar desde
donde se mira. — Üo mirada. Mii'adu, da adj. Circunspecto y
pundonoroso, y (i«e en todo procede con madurez.— Del lat. mirato,
abl. de miratus, del m. sign. Mir:i(ior, ra s. y adj. Que mira. || m.
Cierto género de correior o palería desde donde se descubre mucha
extensión de ii(S " . (San Féli.f dei Geogr. Feligr. en la pr. de Oviedo
(49 kms.), i>. ^. de 'lineo, con 700 h. || de Ahajo (Santa María),
teligr. en la vr. de Oviedo (C6 kms.), p. j. do Cangas (le Tineo, con
200 h. || de Ariiiba (.San Facundo). Feligr. en la pr. de Oviedo (49
kms.), p. j. de Tineo. con 550 h. Mírani:iini>lín m. Nombre «lue
adoptaron algunos reyes de los moros.— Del ár. amir almominín,
príncipe de los creyentes. Mirani:ir Geogr. L. con ayunt. en la pr. de
Valencia (49 km>..). y. j. de Gandía, con 900 h. || L. con ayunt. en
la pr. do 'I arra^íona (25 kms.), p. j. de Valls, con 100 b. Miraiiibol
Geogr. V. con avunt. en la pr. de Teruel (til kms.i. 11. ]. de Castelloie.
con 1.000 h. Mii'aiiib«-ll Geogr. L. con ayunt. en la pr. de Barcelona
(41 Uins.). p, j. lie l.i:ualafla. con 150 h. || L. en la pr. de Valencia (6
kms.). p. j. de Moneada, con 270 h. Mir;ini«*l¡i)(ln t«t m. .Acio do
considerar, atender ó mirar alguna cosa. || Respeto y circunspección
((ue se debe observar en la ejecución de alL'una cosa.— De mirar.
Miramún (Miguki.) Biogr. Nacido en Méjico hacia 1833. de padres
franceses: rival de Juárez, y vencido por éste, pasó ii Europa, y
contribuyó á decidir la expedición de .Miélico: pero aí fin muño
fusilado con el emper.ndor Maximiliano y Mejia, siendo gran
mariscal, en el ahri 1S(;7. Miranda (Juan Gaucía i>b) Biogr. Pintor
español, de Madrid (1677-1749). ||(Fuani;is(o). General americano,
do Caracas (I750-1MI6). || Qeogr. Aldea en la pr. de Jaén, p. j. de La
Carolina, con ItiU li. j| Ayunt. en la pr. do Oviedo (39 kms.), p. j. de
Belmonte, con 7.800 h. ]| (Santiago iik). l'"eligr. en la pr. y p. j. do
Lugo (L'2kms. ), con 200 li. II (San Baiitoiomf, dk). Feli«r. en la pr.
do Oviedo (33 kms.). p. j. de Belinonie, con 700 h, 1|(Sant»j
Domingo hb). Feliiír. en la pr. de Oviedo (28 kms.). p, j. de Avilé»,
con 1.550 h. || db Ahoa. V. con avunt. en la pr. de Navarra, ji. j. do
Tafalla (41 kms. á í'amplona), con 2.000 h. || dr .Azás. L. con ayunt.
en la pr. v p. j. de Salamanca (8 kms.),
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MIR — ¿&d — MIS Mirilla f. Abertura hecha ea puerta,

pared ó techo para observar lo que ocurre ea la parte de afuera.—
Oim. de mira. Aliriñ.'ique m. Alhajuela de poco valor que sirve para
adorno y diversión. || Especie de postizo que usaban las mujeres
para abultar las caderas. || Zasralejo ó enagua con alambres ó
pleiías. — De medriñaque. ÍHírioeoco m. Bot. Género de plantas de
la clase de los hongos.— Del gr. viyrioi, innumerables, y kokkos,
grano, pepita. Miríüíiiu m. Bot. Género do plantas acuáticas.— Del gr.
m/jrioi. diez mil, y jjhyllon. hoja. inir¡«'»i>(»s:« f. Zool. Género de
insectos himenopteros. — Del gr. myrmeex. hormiga. Míi-4t m. Zool.
(iénero de peces teleosteos, fisóstomos. — i Del gr. Hij/rou. p»»i
fume. ' [ Mírobal.-ino m. Boí. Mirobalanos. i Mifob.-il.-inoM m. Bot.
Mirabolano: cierto fruto de In- ' dia parecido á la ciiuela. — Del gr.
myrobalanos; de ! myron. perfume, y búlanos, glándula. Mir*a. ||
Saceriiote que dice ó canta la primera misa.— De misa y cantor.
Mis:«l tn. Libro en que se contiene el orden y modo de celebrar la
misa. — De misa. Mím.-iii tropia f. Humor tétrico y desapacible con
los demá>í: aversión al trato de los hombres. 1| Naturaleza,
costumbies y propiedades d-'. los misántropos. — Del gr.
viisunthropia; de miseoo. odiar, y anthroopos, hombre. Misantrópico,
ca adj. Perteneciente ó relativo á la misantropía. Misántropo ra. El
que, por su humor tétrico y desapai'ible con todos, manifiesta
aversión al trato humano. — l)el gr. ytíisantliropos, del m. sign.
!>Iis;«r n. fam. Deeir misa. || Oir misa. 31isarJo m. Aeolito ó
muchacho que se tiene en las iglesias para ayudar á misa.
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r M I S — yoí) MIS f ¥ 31 ¡«teelánon (. Mezcla, unión y

ontrolejimtonto de un:is • osas con oirás, || Obra ó escrito en que se
tratnn miiehas miti'riiis incoiíi'Xiis. — Del hit. viiscellanea, f. ilo misI
ellaneits; 7.ol:ir. 3IÍNc<>l:iii, in':i adj. Mixto, vario, compuesto dn
co-:is (liHiiiitas — Dt'l jal. miacellaneo, aW. do inincel.'aneus,
mezclado, mixto, vario, do minceo; del gr. iiiisgoo. mezclar. 3IÍHct'U»
m. Zuol. Ciénero de insectos coleópteros, oaráii;d»-i. — |)el )íT.
minxos, pedículo, y akelos, pierna. AIÍMOÍlt¡li ailj. Qiiu puede
mezclarse con algo. — Del lat. misceo; del ^r. tnisgoo. mezclar.
IVlÍMe «?ii Hceue loe. fr. Aparato escóaico, juego de decoraciones.
!Vli<4el¡:i f. Zool. (íóncio de insectos lepidópteros, heteroceros— ji.M
pr. miseoo. odiar, y eliua, sol. Mi«4ei':ihiiÍ!siiiio, iii:i adj. sup. de
itiiserable. 31i»tei*:il>ic adj. hesdicb.ido, infeliz, infortunado. ||
Abalido, sin valor ni fuerz;i. || Avariento, escaso y apocado. ,
Malvado, perverso. — Del lat. miserabile, abl.do mitinrabilis. digno
de com pasión; de misereor, jompadeIiv^iiiÍHÍiiio, ¡na ad). sup. do
mi.imo. .'\lÍMiii(>, Illa ad). Que indica ser una persona ó cosa la
mopia do (|ue so trata y no otra. || Semejante. ií;ual. || l'ur
pleonasmo so añade á los proiioinlires personales y a alíennos
adverbios, para dar más energía y fiierz i á lo que se dice: Yo mismo
lo vi; hoy mismo debo marchar.—bu la (lart. lat. insep. met y del
prou. ipse, ifisa, ipsud (metipsum). .'^Ii.>>(» Pief.iécn. del gr.
misos, odio; de miñeoo. odiar. .'.ii?.o<>:aiiiia f. Aversión al
matrimonio.— Do HUSO y el :,'r. gamos, casamiento. 31i>, Illa m. y
f. Quo adolece de miso^amia. — Do misogavtia. J^lÍHO^inia f.
Aversión A, las mujeres.- De miso y el u-r. gynee, hembra.
."\Ií>*oy:iiio, na m. y f. Que adolece de misoginia.— De miaotjinia.
>Ei?i«»l:iiii|><> m. Zool. Género de insectos coleópteros.
t-!iiel)rioiiidos. — Del gr. misos, aversión, y lampas, res plandor, luz.
.>Itsu|>siqu¡a f. Med. Aversión á la vida.— De miso y rl ^-r.
psychee, vida. i%IÍ!>» m.pl. 2/OOÍ. Mamíferos carnívoros,
cetáeeus: casi iodos viven en los mares glacial^'S. I^ii.stíc'i.HiiK» m.
l'Atado del i|ue so consa;;ra mucho á la contemplación religiosa. ||
Fí7. Toda creencia religiosa o JUosotica que supone comunicaciones
misteriosas entre el hombre y la Divinidad, por medio del éxtasis y
de la Vision intuitiva.— Do místico. AIisti,ea adj. Que incluye misterio
ó raz'^n oculta. || i,iue pertenece a la misiica: se usa también como
subsl:inlivo, por el quo se dedica á la vida espiritual y por el que
escribe o trata de mística. || m. Mar. Barco pe'iiieíio de deis velas,
quo se us,a para la n ¡vagación de costa en el Mediterráneo.- Del gr.
mistikos; en la última acepc. del ár. moQatah, barca armada.
I^li^^tivún m. Quo afecta mística ó santidad.— De miatico. .>li<>ti
fori loo. lat. Mixii fori. .">Iistífí»ri m. Mixfifori.— Del lat. misti fori.
.ISií^tilini'o adj. Geom. Mixtillneo. - De misto y líJiea. ."tli^tiuii f.
Mixtión.- Del lai. mistione, de mistiu, de misceo, mezclar. ]VEÍHtt»,
ta adj. Mixto.— Del lat. misto, de mistus, d« ii'.isci'o; del pr. misgoo,
mezclar. .^liolral adj. Minstral. .>! ¡>^tiir:i f. Mixtura.— De igual voz
lat. .M ¡«il iirar a. Mixturar. — De mistura. ."\Ii^
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