VARIATION
AND
CLASSIFICATION.
Animals & Plants
Table of contents
01 VERTEBRATES
02 INVERTEBRATES
03 PLANTS
04 EARTHWORM
Identify these animals.
Classification of your toys.
Your House
Play Room
Vehicles, Building blocks
Cars Trains Building blocks
What does classification mean?
Classification means arranging animals and plants
into groups based on similar features.
Classify the following animals.
Human
Description Animals Lion
Parrot
Animals with four legs Fish
Earthworm
Animals with more than Spider
4 legs Snail
Owl
Animals with two legs Butterfly
Snake
Animals with no legs Tiger
Animals that can swim
Animals that have wings
Animals with a shell
Group the following animals.
Human
Description Animals Lion
Parrot
Animals with four legs Lion, Tiger Fish
Earthworm
Animals with more than Spider
Spider(8), butterfly(6)
4 legs Snail
Owl
Animals with two legs Human, parrot,owl Butterfly
Snake
Animals with no legs Snail, snake, fish, earthworm Tiger
Animals that can swim fish
Animals that have wings Butterfly, parrot, owl
Animals with a shell Snail
backbone
Classification of animals
One structure that is used to classify animals is the
backbone.
Classification of animals
One structure that is used to classify animals is the
backbone.
Animals
Vertebrates Invertebrates
Animals with Animals with no
backbone backbone
Vertebrates
Animals with backbones are called Vertebrates.
Example - Tigers
Humans
Cats
Fish
Birds
Snake
Vertebrates have a skeleton.
Vertebrates have bones.
Invertebrates
Animals without backbones are called Invertebrates.
Example - Snail
Butterfly
Earthworm
Spider
Bee
● Most are very small.
A few are like giant squid, can grow as long as a school bus.
● Most of the animals on earth are
invertebrates.
● Invertebrates have no internal skeleton .
● Invertebrates have no bones.
Giant squid
Activity 1
Classify these organisms as vertebrates and
invertebrates.
Human, Lion, Bee, Snail, Cockroach, Fish,Parrot,
Frog, Cat, Earthworm, Elephant, Giraffe, Butterfly
Answer the following questions.
1. What does it mean if an animal is a vertebrate?
2. What does it mean if an animal is a invertebrate?
3. All animals are either vertebrates or invertebrates
a. True
B. False
4. A row of connected bones that go down your back is called
a ……………………………….
A . Invertebrate
B . Backbone
C. Organism
D. Back
5. To ………………………………. means to sort things into groups based on
their similar features
A. Classify
B. Write
C. Interpret
D. Describe
6. Write 2 similarities between vertebrates.
7. Write 2 similarities between invertebrates.
8. Write 3 examples for vertebrates and invertebrates each.
9. Are all invertebrates small?
10. Put a tick in the correct box
Vertebrates Invertebrates
Have backbone
Have skeleton
Most are small
Classification of animals.
Animals
Vertebrates Invertebrates
Fish Birds Amphibians Reptiles Mammals
There are 5 groups of vertebrates :
1. Fish
2. Amphibians
3. Reptiles
4. Birds
5. Mammals
★ Dolphins, seals, whales and bats are mammals.
Fish
● Fishes live in water.
● Most fish are covered with scales.
● Their fins help the fish to swim.
Example - Shark, Goldfish
Whale and dolphins are the not fish.
Fins
scales
Amphibians
● Amphibians are vertebrates.
● Amphibians spend part of their life in water
and a part on land.
● Moist skin
● Lay jelly - coated eggs in water
Example - Frog ,Toad
Reptiles
● Reptiles are vertebrates.
● Most reptiles live on land, but some, such as crocodiles spend
most of their time in water.
Example - Crocodile, Snake
Birds
● Birds are vertebrates.
● Birds are the only animals that have a body covered with
feathers.
● Birds also have two wings, two legs and a beak.
● Most birds use their wings to fly. Some birds cannot fly.
Example - Parrot , Penguin, Ostrich
Mammals
● Mammals have hair or fur on their bodies.Animals like cats,
bears have thick fur. Other mammals like people,
elephants have thinner hair.
● Most mammals live on land. Common examples include
monkeys, bats, elephants and tigers.
● Some mammals, such as dolphins, seals and whales, live in
water.
Bat is a mammal
Some invertebrate animals have hard skins or shells on
the outside of their bodies. This hard outer layer is called
an exoskeleton.
The exoskeleton protects the animal and supports the
animal’s body.
Classification of animals.
Animals
Vertebrates Invertebrates
Fish Birds Amphibians Reptiles Mammals
Cat family
Cat family
Mammals can be further divided into a smaller group called
cat family.
Domestic cats belong to the same animal family as the lion, tiger, jaguar,
leopard, puma, and cheetah.
Classify the following animals into groups.
(elephant, fox, crow, eel, ostrich, frog, penguin, turtle, shark, human, whale, cat,
kangaroo, peacock, snake, dolphin, panda, eagle, crocodile, seal, kingfisher,
bat, giraffe, toad, tuna, sea horse)
Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals
Activity 1
1. How many legs do these animals have?
2. Do they have a backbone?
3. Write 3 shared features of these animals.
Invertebrates
(Animals without a backbone)
Some invertebrate groups are ;
1. Arthropoda
2. Mollusca
3. Annelida
Arthropoda
Arthropods are invertebrates.
Arthropods have jointed legs.
They use their legs to move around.
6 legged animals - ants
8 legged animals - spider
10 legged animals - crabs
+10 legs - millipede
Insects
● Insects are invertebrates.
● Insects belong to the group Arthropoda.
● Example,
Butterfly
Grasshopper
Bees
Mosquito
Beetle
Ants
Insects
They are invertebrates.
How can you tell that an animal is an insect?
You can tell that an animal is an insect by observing its body parts.
An insect has six legs and two antennas.
The body of an insect is made up of three main parts.
● Example,
Butterfly
Grasshopper
Bees
Mosquito
Beetle
Ants
How can you tell that an animal is an insect?
HOMEWORK
Mollusca
They have a soft body. And some have hard shells
Example -
Snails
Slugs
Annelida
Example - Earthworm
Leech
Variation &
classification of
plants
Parts of a plant
Some major parts of a tree are trunk, flowers, roots and leaves
Flowers
Flowers vary widely in their shape, size, color, and scent.
Many types are small and barely noticeable.
Trunk
A trunk is what we call the stem of a tree.
Leaves
Stem
Leaf shape and veins.
Some plants have narrow leaves with veins in stripes.
Example - Bamboo, wheat, grasses, tulips, orchids, palms, sugar cane
Example - buttercups, peas, almond trees, roses, apple trees,
sunflowers, grapes.
F
Habitat
A habitat is the place where a plant or animals lives.
Example - Forest, Mountain, Desert
Identifying local
plants
Assignment
Observe some plants that grow where you live.
Find out the following.
➔ Is it a tree?
➔ Does it have flowers?
➔ Does have narrow leaves or wide leaves?
Classifying plants
Classification of plants means arranging plants into
groups based on similar features.
Classification of plants
One structure that is used to classify plants are the
flowers.
Flowers are easy to compare.
Classification of plants
Plants are classified into two groups ;
1. Flowering plants
2. Non flowering plants
1. Flowering plants
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits.
Flowering plants can have flowers even if you cannot see them flowering today
Seeing fruit on a tree tells you it sometimes has flowers.
Example - Mango tree, Cacti, Palm tree, Banana tree
We can classify non flowering plants as,
1. Moss
2. Seaweed
Make 3 observations about the earthworm
using your own words.
https://youtu.be/BRCy0Eru3rw?si=oseztw3S7HTxKg
x-
Observing an animal
Earthworm
● They are usually pink, brown or red in colour.
● They live in moist soil.
● They have long thin body, that is divided into many segments.
● They do not have eyes but earthworm can sense light .
● By sensing light and dark they can find out which the direction to go
into the soil.
● They do not have ears
https://www.britannica.com/video/22019/Locomotion-earthworm
Homework
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Observing a plant.
BUTTERCUP FLOWER
Buttercups grow in many parts of the world
Buttercups grow in fields and mellows.
They often grow where grass is growing.
This is one leaf of the buttercup plant.
Each leaf has three parts.
It has a serrated edge.
