REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING
COURSE CODE: 523ME-3/543ME-3
TUTORIAL SHEET 2_SOLUTION
1. Properties of Moist Air
2. Use of Psycrometric Chart
1. Properties of Moist Air
Problem No 1: A 5-m x 5-m x 3-m room shown in figure contains air at 25°C and 100 kPa at a relative
humidity of 75 percent. Determine
(a) the partial pressure of dry air,
(b) the specific humidity,
(c) the enthalpy per unit mass of the dry air, and
(d) the masses of the dry air and water vapor in the room.
Problem No 2: In cold weather, condensation frequently occurs on the inner surfaces of the windows due to the
lower air temperatures near the window surface. Consider a house, shown in Fig., that contains air at 20°C and 75
percent relative humidity. At what window temperature will the moisture in the air start condensing on the inner
surfaces of the windows?
Problem No 3. On a particular day the weather forecast states that the dry bulb temperature is 37o C, while the relative humidity
is 50% and the barometric pressure is 101.325 kPa. Find the humidity ratio, dew point temperature and enthalpy of moist air on
this day. Will the moisture in the above air condense when it comes in contact with a cold surface whose surface temperature is
24o C?
The following equation can then be used for the enthalpy of water vapor:
hv = 2501 + 1.88 td
The dew point temperature is the saturation temperature corresponding to partial pressure of the water vapour:
That is at 3.13975 kPa, Tsat= 24.84060C
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Problem No 4. A tank contains 21 kg of dry air and 0.3 kg of water vapor at 30°C and 100 kPa total pressure. Determine (a) the
specific humidity, (b) the relative humidity, and (c) the volume of the tank.
Solutions: A tank contains dry air and water vapor at specified conditions. The specific humidity, the relative humidity, and the
volume of the tank are to be determined.
Assumptions: The air and the water vapor are ideal gases.
Problem No 5. A tank contains 21 kg of dry air and 0.3 kg of water vapor at 24°C and 100 kPa total pressure. Determine (a) the
specific humidity, (b) the relative humidity, and (c) the volume of the tank.
A tank contains dry air and water vapor at specified conditions. The specific humidity, the relative humidity, and the volume of
the tank are to be determined.
Assumptions: The air and the water vapor are ideal gases.
6. Saturated air at 260C and atmospheric pressure 101325 N/m2 . Find the
partial pressure for each of the dry air and the water vapor?
Solution: From table A-4 at temperature 260C, the saturated pressure of the
water vapor is Pv = 3363 Pa (N/m2).
From Eqn. PB = Pa + Pv
Pa=PB–Pv
=101325–3363 = 97962Pa = 97.962kPa
Partial Pressure of Water Vapor in Unsaturated Air
7. Calculate the water vapor pressure in wet air under 200C dry bulb and 150C
wet bulb temperature and PB = 950 mbar?
2. Use of Psycrometric Chart
Problem No 1: Find the moisture content of air at 250 C dry-bulb temperature and 250 C wet bulb temperature.
Referring to the chart below, a vertical line is drawn
upwards from 250 C dry bulb temperature until it
intersects at 250 C wet-bulb temperature.
This intersection point happens to be on the 100%
saturation line.
The intersection point is highlighted and a horizontal
line is drawn to the right to find the corresponding
moisture content.
The moisture content is therefore 0.020 kg/kg dry air.
Problem No 2: Find the specific volume and wet-bulb temperature of air at 200 C dry bulb temperature and 50% saturation.
Referring to the chart below, a vertical line is
drawn upwards from 200 C dry bulb temperature
until it intersects with the 50% saturation curve.
The intersection point is sometimes referred to as
the state point.
The specific volume is found to be 0.84 m3 /kg
and the wet-bulb temperature is 140 C.
Problem No 3: Find the specific volume, percentage saturation and moisture content of air at 150 C dry bulb temperature
and 100 C wet-bulb temperature.
Referring to the chart below, a vertical line is
drawn upwards from 150 C dry bulb temperature
until it intersects with the 100 C wet bulb
temperature line.
This intersection is the state point.
The specific volume is found to be 0.823 m3 /kg,
the percentage saturation 52% and the moisture
content 0.0054 kg/kg d.a.
Problem No 4: Find the specific volume, wet bulb temperature, moisture content and specific enthalpy of air at 350 C dry bulb
temperature and 30% saturation.
Referring to the chart below, a vertical line is
drawn upwards from 350 C dry bulb
temperature until it intersects with the 30%
saturation curve.
This intersection is the state point.
The specific volume is 0.883 m3 /kg, the wet-
bulb temperature is 220 C, the moisture content
0.011kg/kg d.a.
and the specific enthalpy 65 kJ/kg.
Problem No 5: DBT = 25°C and WBT=20°C. Find (a) Relative humidity, (b) Dew point temperature,
(c) Humidity ratio, (d) specific volume, (e) enthalpy
(b) Sensible Heating or Cooling: a psychrometric process that involves the increase or decrease in the temperature of air
without changing its humidity ratio. Example: passing moist air over a room space heater and of kiln air over the heating
coils
Problem No 6: Assume that the outside air temperature is 8°C. If the air in a room is at 25°C with a relative humidity φ =
40%, use the psychrometric chart to determine if the windows of that room which are in contact with the outside will
become foggy.
The air in contact with the windows will become colder until the dew point is reached. Notice that under the conditions
of 25°C and 40% relative humidity the dew point temperature is slightly higher than 10°C, At that point the water vapor
condenses as the temperature approaches 8°C along the saturation line, and the windows will become foggy.
7. Calculate the Relative Humidity. Given: 8. Calculate the Humidity Ratio. Given:
Dry-bulb temperature (Tdb) = 30°C Dry-bulb temperature (Tdb) = 25°C
Wet-bulb temperature (Twb) = 20°C Relative humidity (ϕ) = 60%
Atmospheric pressure (Pb) = 101.325 kPa Atmospheric pressure (Pb) = 101.325 kPa
Answer: ϕ=45.36% Answer: W=0.0119 kg/kg
9. Calculate the Dew Point Temperature. 10. Calculate the Enthalpy of Moist Air. Given:
Given: Dry-bulb temperature (Tdb) = 40°C
Dry-bulb temperature (Tdb) = 35°C Wet-bulb temperature (Twb) = 25°C
Relative humidity (ϕ) = 50% Atmospheric pressure (Pb) = 101.325 kPa
Atmospheric pressure (Pb) = 101.325 kPa Answer: h=70.88 kJ/kg
Answer: Tdp=23.5°C
Thank You
