Aranmula Kannadi Kerala
Aranmula Kannadi Kerala
Design Resource
Aranmula Kannadi - Kerala
Metal Mirror Handicrafts
by
Prof. Bibhudutta Baral and Amulya S.
NID, Bengaluru
Source:
https://dsource.in/resource/aranmula-kannadi-
kerala
1. Introduction
2. Tools and Raw Materials
3. Making Process
4. Products
5. Video
6. Contact Details
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Design Resource
Introduction
Aranmula Kannadi - Kerala
Metal Mirror Handicrafts Aranmula Kannadi is one of the authentic and traditional handmade metal crafts of Kerala. There is a story
by behind the origin of the craft. A few centuries ago from the orders of the king Sri. Anizham Thirunal Marthan-
Prof. Bibhudutta Baral and Amulya S. da Varma of Travancore, a group of Vishwa Brahmana families (bronze craftsmen) migrated to Aranmula from
NID, Bengaluru Sankarakoil, Thiruvallur, Tamil Nadu for purpose of making ornaments and temple articles for Parthasarathy
temple. According to a mythological story Lord Parthasarathy (Lord Krishna) in dreams of a widow, Smt Parvathy
Ammal comes and reveals the secret combination of the copper and high percentage tin in the right proportions
in making the reflective crystal and shinning metal mirror. The craftsmen happened to make a crown for the king
out of the same metal proportion who in return applauded and ordered the craftsmen in making the Valkannadi
(mirrors) which is one of the articles of Astamangalya sets. Astamangalya sets are the eight auspicious, propi-
tious and fortunate articles used while performing homage and tantric worship in the shrines in Hinduism. These
Source: mirrors are also used by the brides of Nambudiri and Nair of Kerala. Various structures in history also carry the
https://dsource.in/resource/aranmula-kannadi- sculpture panels and friezes depicting the different figurines holding such mirrors like Madanika gazing at the
kerala/introduction mirror which resembles the presently thick wooden polishing mount at Belur temple of the Hoysala dynasty
in Karnataka. Apart from the mirror, there are many authentic articles made out of the same metal alloys like
gongs, cymbals, coinage, wrought vessels, musical instruments and other articles.
1. Introduction
2. Tools and Raw Materials This craft has been popular and universally acclaimed. It has been marked under Geographical Identification (GI)
3. Making Process in the year 2004-05 in Aranmula. Presently there are around nineteen craftsmen working on this traditional pat-
ented craft. This handcrafted and authentic mirror is kept for display at many museums like The British Museum
4. Products in London which has 45 centimeter tall metal mirror. There are a few characteristics to identify Aranmula Kanna-
5. Video di (mirror), the reflection obtained on the mirror is possessed on the upper surface, whereas in a glass mirror the
6. Contact Details reflection is in the bottom layer, thus there is no gap between the mirror and the object when it is touched on
the surface. Aranmula was the place where the ornaments of Lord Ayyappa at Sabarimala are preserved. Aranmu-
la is one of the renowned pilgrim center of South India, in Kozhencherry taluk of Pathanamthitta district in Ker-
ala. It is also known for authentic celebrations like the snake boat race on the holy River Pampa called Aranmula
Vallamkali which is celebrated on Uthirattathi Day of the Malayalam month of chingam, to mark the culmination
of Kerala’s National Festival, Onam.
Mr. K.A. Selvaraj Achari from Aranmula is one of the artisans who has followed successfully his ancestral and
traditional craft to new heights from the age of fourteen. The original form of manufacturing the mirror is pos-
sessed by this one household of master craftsmen. Mr. K.A. Selvaraj Achari is guided and worked along with his
elder brother Mr. K.A. Gopalakrishnan Achari, who preserves in giving the lustrous final polishing of the mirror.
The two brothers learnt the secret of making these mirrors from their father Mr. V.K. Arjunan Achari and grandfa-
ther Mr. N. Krishnan Achari. Mr. K.A. Selvaraj Achari holds the president post in “The Vishwa Brahmana Aranmula
Metal Mirror Nirman Society” made for metal mirror manufacturers of Aranmula.
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Design Resource Mr K.A. Selvaraj Achari also owns their family store “Parthasarathy Handicrafts Centre” which is situated in Ar-
Aranmula Kannadi - Kerala anmula and his workshop is just above the stores. The artisan says that the sale of the mirror gained popularity
after it received a GI certification. The mirrors they have produced are cent percent pure and handcrafted. The
Metal Mirror Handicrafts mirrors are also marked with a Hologram trademark. Many big personalities like Kapil Dev, Sachin Tendulkar, and
by former president APJ Abdul Kalam have received the traditional mirrors as a memento on different occasions in
Prof. Bibhudutta Baral and Amulya S. Kerala. Aranmula Kannadi is also declared as an official memento to be presented by the government of Kerala.
NID, Bengaluru
Source:
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kerala/introduction
1. Introduction
2. Tools and Raw Materials
3. Making Process
4. Products
5. Video
6. Contact Details
Design Resource
Aranmula Kannadi - Kerala
Metal Mirror Handicrafts
by
Prof. Bibhudutta Baral and Amulya S.
NID, Bengaluru
Source:
https://dsource.in/resource/aranmula-kannadi- Metal fixed to the wooden slabs are kept in order for Artisan of Aranmula Kannadi from Kerala speaking
kerala/introduction drying. about the making of the craft.
1. Introduction
2. Tools and Raw Materials
3. Making Process
4. Products
5. Video
6. Contact Details
Mirror is being fixed to the metal frame using glue. Artists at Aranmula village engaged in making of
Aranmula Kannadi.
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Tools and Raw Materials
Aranmula Kannadi - Kerala
Metal Mirror Handicrafts Tools and raw materials that are used for Aranmula kannadi:
by
Prof. Bibhudutta Baral and Amulya S. • Clay is used in making the mould for the metal casting.
NID, Bengaluru
• Baked clay slabs are used as a base for the mould building.
• Copper and Tin are the two important alloys used in making the metal mirror.
• Coal is used for firing in the furnace and also as a softening agent to get a smooth finish of the mirror.
Source: • Coconut coir is used in the furnace for firing the mould and in melting the metal.
https://dsource.in/resource/aranmula-kannadi-
kerala/tools-and-raw-materials • Beeswax is used in making the channel in mould for easy casting.
• Chisels are used in engraving and embellishing the brass mirror frame.
• Grinding machine is used in buffing and grinding the brass mirror frame.
• Foundry moulding boxes are used in box moulding the brass metal frame.
• Stone platform is used as the base in the process of grinding the mud.
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kerala/tools-and-raw-materials
1. Introduction
2. Tools and Raw Materials
3. Making Process
4. Products
5. Video
6. Contact Details
Clay is the key material used for preparing the clay mould for metal casting.
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Design Resource
Aranmula Kannadi - Kerala
Metal Mirror Handicrafts
by
Prof. Bibhudutta Baral and Amulya S.
NID, Bengaluru
Source:
https://dsource.in/resource/aranmula-kannadi- Hollow frames used for baking the clay slabs.
kerala/tools-and-raw-materials
1. Introduction
2. Tools and Raw Materials
3. Making Process
4. Products
5. Video
6. Contact Details
Chisels of different designs used for embellishing the Compass is used for maintaining the precise radius.
brass mirror frame.
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Design Resource
Aranmula Kannadi - Kerala
Metal Mirror Handicrafts
by
Prof. Bibhudutta Baral and Amulya S.
NID, Bengaluru
Source:
https://dsource.in/resource/aranmula-kannadi-
kerala/tools-and-raw-materials
1. Introduction
2. Tools and Raw Materials
3. Making Process
4. Products
5. Video
6. Contact Details
Tong is used holding/lifting the crucible from the fur- Hammer is used for hitting the chisels and fixing the
nace. metal mirror to the frame.
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Design Resource
Aranmula Kannadi - Kerala
Metal Mirror Handicrafts
by
Prof. Bibhudutta Baral and Amulya S.
NID, Bengaluru
Source:
https://dsource.in/resource/aranmula-kannadi- Sharp pointed tools used for designing and polishing Metal frame is the one, which acts like a holder for
kerala/tools-and-raw-materials purpose. metal mirror.
1. Introduction
2. Tools and Raw Materials
3. Making Process
4. Products
5. Video
6. Contact Details
Metal alloy chunks are used for making metal mirror. Wax is used for creating a channel in mould for easy
casting.
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Design Resource
Aranmula Kannadi - Kerala
Metal Mirror Handicrafts
by
Prof. Bibhudutta Baral and Amulya S.
NID, Bengaluru
Source:
https://dsource.in/resource/aranmula-kannadi- Coal is applied on the dried clay slabs and also used for
kerala/tools-and-raw-materials firing in the furnace.
1. Introduction
2. Tools and Raw Materials
3. Making Process
4. Products
5. Video
6. Contact Details
Metal rings used for sealing the mirror to the frame. Oil is used for polishing the mirror.
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Design Resource
Aranmula Kannadi - Kerala
Metal Mirror Handicrafts
by
Prof. Bibhudutta Baral and Amulya S.
NID, Bengaluru
Source:
https://dsource.in/resource/aranmula-kannadi-
kerala/tools-and-raw-materials
1. Introduction
2. Tools and Raw Materials
3. Making Process
4. Products
5. Video
6. Contact Details
Electric hand cutting machine used for chopping off the extra metal.
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Making Process
Aranmula Kannadi - Kerala
Metal Mirror Handicrafts The making of this mirror embeds multiple processes that require lots of patience and persistence. Firstly the
by metal alloy is prepared of ‘tin and copper’ and tested for the proper proportion and quality. This metal alloy is
Prof. Bibhudutta Baral and Amulya S. a binary copper-tin alloy with 30 -34% of tin, this proportion is closely related to a bronze metal alloy. Later it is
NID, Bengaluru broken into small chunks for casting. The mould is prepared with the mud clay from the nearby paddy fields by
powdering and refining them. The clay is mixed in proper consistency in order to make two flat surfaces like slabs.
Later the slabs are dried under the sun and baked to make them hard. Once the baked mud slabs are ready the
coal is applied by rubbing it over its one side surface with water to give it a smooth finish. Two baked mud slabs
are covered with a coat of coal on the surface of either side of them. The slabs are placed one onto one, and the
coal coated are facing each other. A gap will be made between two slabs with a small piece of wax protruding
outside the mould to make an opening for pouring metal and small alloy pieces in order to acquire the required
Source: thickness. The baked slabs are packed with the mud clay mixture completely around them which holds the slabs
https://dsource.in/resource/aranmula-kannadi- together and seals the openings. The slabs are packed with two to three layers of the clay mixture and small
kerala/making-process clamps are stuck on three sides of the mould to make the mould strong except for the wax side. The place of the
wax is noticed and a cup out of clay is stuck onto the mould and two holes are made inside the cup one on the
wax, the other towards the side of the cup for airflow vent. The mould is kept dry under the sun for a day and it is
1. Introduction then dusted from the inside of the cup to make the casting easy. The mould looks similar to one of those desert
2. Tools and Raw Materials water canteen or a hot water bag. The cup is filled with the metal alloy chunks completely and a wet paper or
3. Making Process cloth is covered over the cup in order to avoid dust particles mixing with metal. The clay mixture is packed over
the cup and left for drying under the sun. The cup enacts like the crucible. Once the complete mould is dried the
4. Products casting process begins. The furnace is kept ready for melting the metal by placing the moulds filled with metal
5. Video inside the furnace, the cup side is downward and the slabs’ side is upward. Multiple moulds are placed inside to
6. Contact Details align with each other and coal is filled to the half upon which the coconut coir is put. The fire is ignited and it is
heated to about 745 to 760 degrees Celsius.
The metal inside would have melted and is ready for casting. There are two processes happening at the same
time one is melting the metal other one is preheating the mould before casting. Once the required heat is ob-
tained the mould is picked up by the lifting tongs carefully and tilted carefully upside down, so that the molten
metal is poured into the mould from the opposite side of the air vent hole. The mould is kept in a place to cool
down the temperature. The clay cup and the sealing are broken with the help of a hammer. The slabs are separat-
ed and the metal cast is removed carefully. The metal cast is dusted tenderly and consciously. The metal cast is
cut into the desired size with the help of a hack saw blade and ruler. After cutting the edges of the metal mirror
plate to the required size and form the metal is stuck on a thick rectangular wooden polishing block along with
a rear handle with natural adhesive beeswax. The thick rectangular wooden polishing block is made according
to the size of the mirrors. The block is embossed by half a centimeter in the middle in a circular form. The wax is
placed on the top of the embossed wooden block and a knife is heated to settle the wax flat.
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Design Resource After the application of wax, the metal is preheated with very little heat and mounted on the wax. Later on, the
Aranmula Kannadi - Kerala metal mounted on the block is let to cool down, wax turns harder after the cool down and creates a strong bond
between the block and metal. The metal is rubbed and lapped up to a certain time with the consciousness of
Metal Mirror Handicrafts heat produced by giving gaps between the rubbing processes, letting the metal cool down at regular intervals.
by The metal has to be at room temperature because the sustainability of heat is less. Thus the artisan keeps three
Prof. Bibhudutta Baral and Amulya S. to five mirrors for polishing where each one is rubbed alternatively once its surface turns cool. The metal is then
NID, Bengaluru rubbed and polished several times with various materials to attain the mirror appearance. Firstly the metal is
scrubbed thoroughly with emery paper and water for debarring, corrosion removal and polishing. The grades of
the emery paper reduce gradually when the mirror attains smoothness. After the repetitive process of emery
paper lapping for two days. The metal mirror would have acquired a bit of lustrousness and reflectivity. Then
the metal mirror is given to the master artisan for more refined work and polishing. The master artisan rubs the
metal mirror on three different cloth materials to acquire a high-quality reflective surface. The jute cloth, velvet
Source: cloth and soft cotton cloth are used in the process of polishing. Firstly the mirror is oiled on top, with coconut
https://dsource.in/resource/aranmula-kannadi- oil and rubbed over the soft jute cloth, then it is oiled again and rubbed over the velvet cloth finally it is oiled
kerala/making-process and rubbed over the soft cotton cloth. Final lapping is done with finely crushed red oxide (hematite). Red oxide
is also used in cleaning the mirror when it tarnishes. After several turns of the lapping process, the metal mirror
acquires the characteristics of the mirror. The mirror is then detached from the block by melting the wax. The
mirror is then fitted to the frame accordingly with the support of the wax or the brass ring. To avoid the tarnish-
1. Introduction
ing of the mirror, it has to be polished with red oxide or vermilion occasionally and to eradicate the grease on the
2. Tools and Raw Materials mirror the solidified coconut oil has to be rubbed over. The mirror is supposed to be polished in a vertical motion.
3. Making Process
The brass mirror frame is made through the box casting process. The frames are made in very interesting differ-
4. Products ent themes and designs. The designs depend on the customary willingness. Firstly the frame is made in wax or
5. Video a thick maida paste. The article made is dried and kept. The box moulds are taken and a fine clay mud mixture is
6. Contact Details made, then filled onto the first box tightly. Later the article made is taken and placed in the right place as well as
pressed tightly so that half of the article’s impression is acquired. The box frame is placed on the top and chalk
powder is slightly spread along with the frame in order to bifurcate easily the layers while removing. Later on,
the clay mud mixture is taken and filled completely up to the end of the second box frame and pressed with a
wooden plank. After a certain time, the upper box frame is removed carefully and the impressions are attested.
Later the second box frame is taken out and the metal frame article is removed. The artisan attests to the im-
pressions on both the box frames obtained and digs two channels connecting the impression. The channels are
made to pour the liquid metal and release the air out. Further, the mould box is put together like previously and
join it with the clay around the frames to ensure they are leakproof. In a coal furnace, coal is been burnt to obtain
a high amount of heat which helps in melting the brass metal in crucible. With the help of Gas propane and a
torch, the furnace is ignited. The artisan ensures that the metal is pure by removing the dust particles with the
help of the rake. Once the metal is melted, the artisan picks up the Crucible with the help of the furnace lifting
tongs. With the help of the other tongs, the crucible is slanted towards a channel hole to pour the liquid metal
into the box mould.
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Design Resource Once the metal flows out from the other channel hole (also called a gate) the artisan stops pouring the metal. Af-
Aranmula Kannadi - Kerala ter a while artisan ensures with the casted metal, to check with the obtained solidness. Both the box frames are
released from the cast. The cast is cooled down by putting it in the water. Artisan removes the channels in the
Metal Mirror Handicrafts cast by hammering it. The cast is dusted, filled, buffed and final shaping is given by the skilled artisan with vari-
by ous Chisel tools. The cast is washed with dilute nitric acid to get bronze glaze on the frame, which later is washed
Prof. Bibhudutta Baral and Amulya S. in tamarind pulp to give a lustrous look and brushed with clean water to get the shinning brass frame.
NID, Bengaluru
Flow Chart:
Source:
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kerala/making-process
1. Introduction
2. Tools and Raw Materials
3. Making Process
4. Products
5. Video
6. Contact Details
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Design Resource
Aranmula Kannadi - Kerala
Metal Mirror Handicrafts
by
Prof. Bibhudutta Baral and Amulya S.
NID, Bengaluru
Source:
https://dsource.in/resource/aranmula-kannadi-
kerala/making-process
1. Introduction
2. Tools and Raw Materials
3. Making Process
4. Products
5. Video
6. Contact Details
Design Resource
Aranmula Kannadi - Kerala
Metal Mirror Handicrafts
by
Prof. Bibhudutta Baral and Amulya S.
NID, Bengaluru
Source:
https://dsource.in/resource/aranmula-kannadi- Fine soil is powdered and refined. Soil is mixed with water.
kerala/making-process
1. Introduction
2. Tools and Raw Materials
3. Making Process
4. Products
5. Video
6. Contact Details
And it is kneaded thoroughly for the required Clay is further put into hollow frames.
consistency.
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Design Resource
Aranmula Kannadi - Kerala
Metal Mirror Handicrafts
by
Prof. Bibhudutta Baral and Amulya S.
NID, Bengaluru
Source:
https://dsource.in/resource/aranmula-kannadi- Leveled flat slabs are made using the frames and then These flat slabs are further dried and baked to make it
kerala/making-process the frames are removed. hard.
1. Introduction
2. Tools and Raw Materials
3. Making Process
4. Products
5. Video
6. Contact Details
On one side of the slab, coal is applied. Small clamps are stuck in three sides and on the top
side small piece of wax protruding outside the slab is
placed.
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Design Resource
Aranmula Kannadi - Kerala
Metal Mirror Handicrafts
by
Prof. Bibhudutta Baral and Amulya S.
NID, Bengaluru
Source:
https://dsource.in/resource/aranmula-kannadi- Upon this the other slab is placed and space is made Further these baked slabs are packed with layers of clay.
kerala/making-process in-between them by the wax piece.
1. Introduction
2. Tools and Raw Materials
3. Making Process
4. Products
5. Video
6. Contact Details
At the place of the wax a cup made out of clay is stuck Two holes are made.
onto the clay mould.
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Design Resource
Aranmula Kannadi - Kerala
Metal Mirror Handicrafts
by
Prof. Bibhudutta Baral and Amulya S.
NID, Bengaluru
Source:
https://dsource.in/resource/aranmula-kannadi- Then the mould is allowed to dry. The clay cup is further filled with metal alloy chunks.
kerala/making-process
1. Introduction
2. Tools and Raw Materials
3. Making Process
4. Products
5. Video
6. Contact Details
A wet paper or cloth is covered over the clay cup. Clay is packed over the cup and allowed to dry.
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Design Resource
Aranmula Kannadi - Kerala
Metal Mirror Handicrafts
by
Prof. Bibhudutta Baral and Amulya S.
NID, Bengaluru
Source:
https://dsource.in/resource/aranmula-kannadi- Once the mould is completely dried, it is kept in furnace After the required heat is obtained, mould is taken
kerala/making-process for casting process. out from the furnace and the clay cup and sealing are
broken.
1. Introduction
2. Tools and Raw Materials
3. Making Process
4. Products
5. Video
6. Contact Details
Slabs are separated and the metal cast is removed Metal cast is marked and cut into desired size.
carefully.
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Design Resource
Aranmula Kannadi - Kerala
Metal Mirror Handicrafts
by
Prof. Bibhudutta Baral and Amulya S.
NID, Bengaluru
Source:
https://dsource.in/resource/aranmula-kannadi- A knife is heated to melt the wax in the further process. On a rectangular wooden block wax is spread and melt-
kerala/making-process ed on it using the heated knife.
1. Introduction
2. Tools and Raw Materials
3. Making Process
4. Products
5. Video
6. Contact Details
After the application of wax, the metal is slightly heat- Further the heated metal is mounted on the wax.
ed.
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Design Resource
Aranmula Kannadi - Kerala
Metal Mirror Handicrafts
by
Prof. Bibhudutta Baral and Amulya S.
NID, Bengaluru
Source:
https://dsource.in/resource/aranmula-kannadi- Mounted metal is further allowed to cool. Later the metal is rubbed and polished with various
kerala/making-process materials to gain the mirror look.
1. Introduction
2. Tools and Raw Materials
3. Making Process
4. Products
5. Video
6. Contact Details
A designer brass mirror frame is chosen. Minute designs are neatly rendered on the metal frame.
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Design Resource
Aranmula Kannadi - Kerala
Metal Mirror Handicrafts
by
Prof. Bibhudutta Baral and Amulya S.
NID, Bengaluru
Source:
https://dsource.in/resource/aranmula-kannadi- Brass ring is used for fixing the mirror to the frame. Further the metal mirror is fixed to the brass frame and
kerala/making-process hammered.
1. Introduction
2. Tools and Raw Materials
3. Making Process
4. Products
5. Video
6. Contact Details
Mirror is neatly wiped with cloth and cleaned. Final product is ready.
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Products
Aranmula Kannadi - Kerala
Metal Mirror Handicrafts The authentic traditional metal mirrors are made as per the order and the requirements of the client. The mak-
by ing of the mirror has inevitably modified as per the trend at present times. The usage of the mirror has changed
Prof. Bibhudutta Baral and Amulya S. from being just a mirror to becoming an exclusive memento on an international level. Artisan Mr. K.A. Selvaraj
NID, Bengaluru Achari has followed and developed the traditional craft to new heights Artisan has produced many metal mirrors
for many big personalities like Sachin Tendulkar (a famous cricketer), Kapil Dev (a legend cricket player) and Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam (a former Indian president). The prices of the complete metal mirror vary from the size of the
mirror and the design of the mirror frame, it may cost around INR 800 to INR 100000 lakh.
Source:
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kerala/products
1. Introduction
2. Tools and Raw Materials
3. Making Process
4. Products
5. Video
6. Contact Details
Metal mirror proposed in an exclusive memento Aranmula kannadi designed in conch shape.
pattern.
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Design Resource
Aranmula Kannadi - Kerala
Metal Mirror Handicrafts
by
Prof. Bibhudutta Baral and Amulya S.
NID, Bengaluru
Source:
https://dsource.in/resource/aranmula-kannadi-
kerala/products
1. Introduction
2. Tools and Raw Materials
3. Making Process
4. Products
5. Video
6. Contact Details
Design Resource
Video
Aranmula Kannadi - Kerala
Metal Mirror Handicrafts
by
Prof. Bibhudutta Baral and Amulya S.
NID, Bengaluru
Source:
https://dsource.in/resource/aranmula-kannadi-
kerala/video
Aranmula Kannadi - Part1 Aranmula Kannadi - Part2
1. Introduction
2. Tools and Raw Materials
3. Making Process
4. Products
5. Video
6. Contact Details
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Key Contacts:
Shri A. K. Selvaraj, Senior Craftsman
Aranmula, Kerala
Mobile: 09947725232
Source:
https://dsource.in/resource/aranmula-kannadi- Helpdesk Details:
kerala/contact-details Co-ordinator
Project e-kalpa
R & D Campus
1. Introduction National Institute of Design
2. Tools and Raw Materials #12 HMT Link Road, Off Tumkur Road
Bengaluru 560 022
3. Making Process India
4. Products
5. Video Phone: +91 80 2357 9054
6. Contact Details Fax: +91 80 23373086
Email: dsource.in[at]gmail.com