Aptitude

&
Logical Reasoning

Student Practise Book

 Number System

1) 333.33 + 33.33 + 13 + 0.33 + 0.03 = ?

333.33 + 33.33 + 13 + 0.33 + 0.03 = ?

⇒366.66 + 13 + 0.33 +0.03 = ?
⇒ 379.66 + 0.33 +0.03 = ?
⇒ 379.99 + 0.03 = ?
⇒ 380.02

2) 5 (2/7) - 3 (1/14) - 2 (1/14) - 1 (1/7) = ? + 3 (1/17)

(5 - 3 - 2 - 1) + (2/7 - 1/14 - 1/14 - 1/7) = ? + 3 (1/17)

-1 + 0 - 3 (1/17) = ?
=> ? = -4 (1/17)

3) 4 ⅕ × 3 ⅓ + ? = 20% of 120

21 /5 x 10/3 + ? = 24
=> 14 + ? = 24
=> ? = 24 − 14
=> ? = 10
2
4) 221 ÷ 13 × √576 + 10 = ?

221 ÷ 13 × √576 + 100

? = 17 × 24 + 100

? = 408 + 100

? = 508
5.

6. 61% of 400 -15% of 180 - ? = 98

7. 𝟐𝟒% 𝐨𝐟 𝟔𝟕𝟎𝟎 + 𝟒𝟕% 𝐨𝐟 𝟖𝟓𝟎𝟎 =?

8. 31% of 500+ 41% of 1100 – 50% of 790 = ?

9.193*193*193+180*180*180 = ?
193*193-193*180+180*180

10.
Surds & Indices

1)​

3.5 ? 8
2)​ (17) x (17) = 17

3) The value of [(10)^150 ÷ (10)^146]

​

4)
​

.
 HCF and LCM
MODEL 1: BASICS
1.​ Find the highest common factor of 36 and 84.
(a) 12​ ​ (b) 24​ ​ (c) 30​ ​ (d) 42

Solution:A

2.​ H.C.F. of 513, 1134 and 1215 is _____________

(a)18 (b)27 (c)33 (d)3

Solution:B

3.​ What is the L.C.M. of 25, 30, 35 and 40?

(a) 4000​ ​ (b) 4100 ​ (c) 4200 ​ (d) 4300

Solution:C
4.​ Find the least number which is exactly divisible by 12, 15, and 20.​
(a)40 (b)50 (c)60 (d)80

Solution:C

5.​ Find the lowest common multiple of 24, 12 and 48.

(a) 48​ ​ (b) 56​ ​ (c) 60​ ​ (d) 36​

Solution:A
 Product of Two numbers

6.​ The H.C.F. of two numbers is 11 and their L.C.M. is 7700. If one of the numbers is 275,
then the other is:
(a) 279​​ (b) 283​​ (c) 308​​ (d) 318

Solution:C

7.​ The ratio of two numbers is 3: 4 and their H.C.F. is 4. Their L.C.M. is:
(a) 12​ ​ (b) 16​ ​ (c).24​ ​ (d) 48​

Solution:D
8.​ H.C.F. of two numbers is 13. If these two numbers are in the ratio of 15: 11, then find the
numbers.​
(a) 230, 140​ (b) 215, 130​ (c) 195, 143​ (d) 155, 115

Solution:C

9.​ If the product and H.C.F. of two numbers are 4107 and 37 respectively, then find the
greater number.​
(a) 111 ​ (b) 222 ​ (c) 332​ (d) 452

Solution:A
10.​The HCF and LCM of any two numbers are 63 and 1260 respectively. If one of the two
numbers is 315, find the other number.

(a) 252 ​ (b) 237 ​ (c) 332​ (d) 452

Solution:A

11.​The sum of two numbers is 528 and their H.C.F is 33. The number of pairs of numbers
satisfying the above condition is ?

(a) 4 ​​ (b) 5 ​ (c) 3​ ​ (d) 7

Solution:A
12.​The H.C.F of two numbers, each having three digits, is 17 and their L.C.M is 714. Find
sum of the numbers will be:

A. 289​​ B. 391​​ C. 221​​ D. 731

Solution:C
 a.​ The L.C.M. of two numbers is 48. The numbers are in the ratio 2 : 3. Then sum of
the number is:
A.28 B.32 C.40 D.64

Solution:C

Let the numbers be 2x and 3x.

Then, their L.C.M. = 6x.

So, 6x = 48 or x = 8.

The numbers are 16 and 24.

Hence, required sum = (16 + 24) = 40.

REMAINDER CONCEPT
13.​ Find the greatest number that will exactly divide 24, 36 and 42.
(a)2 ​ ​ (b)4 ​ (c)6 ​ (d)8

Solution:C

14.​Find the least number which leaves remainder 1 when divided by 2, 2 when divided by 3,
3 when divided by 4.
(a)12 ​ (b)13 ​ (c)11 ​ (d)15

Solution:C
 15.​ Find the largest three digit number which leaves remainder 2 when divided by 14 or 35.

A. 982​​ B. 980​​ C. 978​​ D. 934

Solution:A
 16.​Find the greatest number that will divide 43, 91 and 183 so as to leave the same
remainder in each case.
(a)2 ​​ (b)4 ​ ​ (c)6 ​​ (d)8

Solution:B

17.​Find the greatest number that will divide 148, 246 and 623 leaving remainders 4, 6 and
11 respectively?
a)20​ ​ b)12 ​ c)6 ​ ​ d)48

Solution:B
 18.​Find the least number which is exactly divisible by 12,8 and 10.
(a)80 ​ (b)100 ​ (c)120 ​ (d)240

Solution:C

19.​What is the least amount that a person can have, such that when he distributes it into
groups Rs.16 or Rs.18 or Rs.20 or Rs.25, he is always left with 4?

a)3600 ​ b)2500 ​ c)2504 ​ d)3604

Solution:D
20.​The least number which when divided by 4, 5 and 6 leaves remainder 1, 2 and 3
respectively is,
a)57 ​​ b)59 ​ c)61 ​ d)63

Solution:A

Here 4 - 1 = 3, 5 - 2 = 3, 6 - 3 = 3
∴ The required Number = LCM of (4, 5, 6) - 3 = 60 - 3 = 57.
Hence option [A] is the correct answer.
21.​Find the least number which when divided by 4, 9 and 12, leave in each case remainder
3?
(a)36 ​ (b)39 ​ (c)33 ​ (d)42
Solution:B

22.​Find the least number which when divided by 4, 6, 8, 12 & 16 leave in each case
remainder 2?
(a)46 (b)50 (c)48 (d)96

Solution:B
23.​What is the greatest 4-digit number that leaves remainders 3, 4, 8, and 15 when
divided by 10, 11, 15, and 22?

(a)330 (b)9893 (c)9900 (d)323

Solution:B

24.​The greatest number which on dividing 1657 and 2037 leaves remainders 6 and 5
respectively, is:

a)123 b)127 c)235 d) 305

Solution:B

Required number = H.C.F. of (1657 - 6) and (2037 - 5)

 = H.C.F. of 1651 and 2032 = 127.

APPLICATION BASED​

25.​5 bells commence tolling together and toll at intervals 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 seconds
respectively. Find in 40 minutes, how many times do they toll together?​
(a) 8 times​ (b) 19 times​ (c) 21 times​ (d) 30 times

Solution:C
LCM(2,4,6,8,10)=120 secs=2 mins
In 40 mins it will toll for 20 times and initially tolled for 1 time so totally 21 times​

26.​The traffic lights at three different road crossings change after every 40 sec, 72 sec and
108 sec respectively. If they all change simultaneously at 5 : 20 : 00 hours, then find the
time at which they will change simultaneously.
(a) 5 : 28 : 00 hrs​ (b) 5 : 30 : 00 hrs​ (c) 5 : 38 : 00 hrs​ (d) 5 : 40 : 00 hrs

Solution:C

LCM (40,72,108)=1080 secs=18 mins

5:20:00
18:00 +
_________

5:38:00 hrs

27.​John, Smith and Kate start at same time, same point and in same direction to run around a
circular ground. John completes a round in 250 seconds, Smith in 300 seconds and Kate
in 150 seconds. Find after what time will they meet again at the starting point?
(a) 30 min​ (b) 25 min​ (c) 20 min​ (d) 15 min

Solution:B
28.​A merchant has two kinds of oil of 60 litres and 100 litres respectively. He wants to sell
the oil by filling the two kinds of oil in tins of equal volumes. What is the greatest of such
a tin?
(a)10 (b)20 (c)30 (d)40

Solution:B
HCF (60,100)=20

29.​Sandeep has a cubic wooden block of height 8 inches. Pankaj has the block of the height
12 inches. How many inches of wood should each of them need, to build an equal height
structure?
(a)2 (b)4 (c)8 (d)12

Solution:B
 30.​A garden consists of 135 rose plants planted in a certain number of columns. There are
another set of 225 marigold plants which is to be planted in the same number of columns.
What is the maximum number of columns in which they can be planted?

(a)10 (b)20 (c)30 (d)45

Solution:D

HCF(135,225)=45

31.​A man was employed on the promise that he will be paid the highest wages per day. The
contract money to be paid was Rs. 1189. Finally he was paid only Rs. 1073. For how
many days did he actually work?

(a)29 (b)37 (c)30 (d)40

Solution:B
 32.​A heap of coconuts is divided into groups of 2, 3 and 5 and each time one coconut is left
over. The least number of Coconuts in the heap is ?

(a)29 ​ ​ (b)30 ​ (c)31 ​​ (d)32

Solution:C

We know that the least number which when divided by x,y,z leaves the same
remainder R in each case is given by LCM of (x,y,z)+R
LCM of (2,3,5)=30
The least number of coconut in the heap is 30+1=31

34)Two bills of Rs 6075 and Rs 8505 respectively are to be paid separately by cheques of the
same amount. Find the largest possible amount of each
cheque.

(a)1215 (b)2140 (c)3155 (d)4145

Solution:A
35)A watch ticks 90 times in 95 seconds and another watch ticks 315 times in 323
seconds. If both the watches are started together, how many times will they tick together
in the first hour?

(a)129 ​ ​ (b)130 ​ (c)101 ​ ​ (d)102

36)Find the greatest number which is such that when 697, 909 and 1227 are divided by
it, the remainders are all the same?

A. 53 B. 112 C. 108 D. 106

Solution:D

37)A merchant has three different types of milk: 435 liters, 493 liters and 551 liters. Find the
least number of casks of equal size required to store all the milk without mixing.

A. 45 B. 41 C. 51 D. 61

Solution:C

HCF of 435, 493, 551 = 29

(453/29) + (493/29) + (551/29) = 51

38)Find the largest number which divides 62, 132 and 237 to leave the same remainder in each
case.

A.15 B .25 C .35 D .55

Solution:C
39)Find the least number which when divided by 5, 6, 7 and 8 leaves a remainder 3, but when divided by 9
leaves no remainder.

A.1683 B.2312 C.1432 D.798

Solution:A

» Explain it
Correct Option: A
L.C.M. of 5, 6, 7, 8 = 840.​
​
∴ Required number is of the form 840k + 3.​
​
Least value of k for which (840k + 3) is divisible by 9 is k = 2.​
​
∴ Required number = (840 × 2 + 3) = 1683.​
​
Hence, option A is correct.

40)The HCF of two numbers is 98 and their LCM is 2352. The sum of the numbers may be

A.1078 B.1398 C.1426 D.1484

Solution:A
 AVERAGE
Type 1: Relationship between average and numbers.

1.​ The average of first 60 natural numbers?

Soln:
Sum of first and last number/2 =>(1+60)/2 = 30.5

2.​ Average of 10 positive numbers is x. If the numbers are increased by 20% then x is increased
by.
 Soln:
When all the values in a series is increased by 20% then the average will also get increased
by 20%

3.​ Eight consecutive numbers are given. If the average of two numbers appear in the middle is
6, then the sum of 8 given numbers is ?
Soln:
Let's eight sequentially number are x, x+1, x+2, x+3, x+4, x+5, x+6 and x+7.​
According to the question, ( x+3+x+4)2 = 6​
=> (2x+7)/2 = 6 = 2x + 7 = 12 => x = 5/2​
Therefore, Sum of all eight numbers
= x+x+1+x+2+x+3+x+4 +x+5+x+6+x+7=8x+28​
=8 X 5/2+ 28 = 20 + 28 = 48

4.​ The average of four positive integers is 73.5. The highest integer is 108 and the lowest
integer is 29. The difference between the remaining two integers is 15. Which of the
following is the bigger of the remaining two integers?
Soln:
Sum of four integers = 73.5 × 4 = 294
Sum of two middle integers = 294 – (108 + 29) = 157
Difference between two integers = 15
The smallest number = (157 – 15) / 2 = 71

Type 2: Questions based on partial averages and overall average

5.​ The average of 11 results is 50. The average of first 6 is 49 and that of last 6 is 52, find the
sixth result
Soln:

6.​ The average mark scored by 120 candidates in an exam is 35. If the average mark of passed
candidate is 39 and that of failed candidate is 15. What is the number of candidates who
passed the exam?
Soln:
7.​ The average age of students of a class is 15.8 years the average age of boys in the class is
16.4 years and that of girls is 15.4 years. The ratio of the number of boys to the number of
girls in the class is?
Soln:

or

8.​ The average of six numbers is 3.95. The average of two of them Is 3.4, while the average of
other two is 3.85. What is the average of remaining two numbers?
Soln:
If the average of all six numbers is 3.95, then the total of all six is 23.7 (6×3.95). The average
of two of them is 3.4, so the total for those two numbers is 6.8 (3.4×2).
The average of the other two is 3.85, so the total for those two is 7.7 (3.85×2).
To find the average of the remaining two, first find what their sum would equal.
7.7+6.8+x=23.7

9.​ The average age of boys in a class is 16 years and that of the girls is 15 years. The average
age of the whole class is?
Soln:
As number of girls and boys is not given so result can’t be computed

10.​The arithmetic mean of the scores of group of students in a test was 52. The brightest 20% of
them secured a mean score of 80 and the dullest 25% a mean score of 31. The mean score of
remaining 55% is?
Soln:
 Let the required means score be x. Then,​
20 * 80 + 25 * 31 + 55 * x = 52 * 100​
= 1600 + 775 + 55x = 5200​
= 55x = 2825​
= x = 565/11 = 51.4.

11.​The average mark in two subjects is 35 and three other subjects are 40. Then find the average
mark in all five subjects?
Soln:

12.​If a man spends 1000rs for the first five months, 2000rs for next four months and 3000rsfor
next three months and he saves 2000rs in the whole year then his average monthly salary will
be?
Soln:

13.​The average salary of 120 employees in a bank is Rs.15, 000 per month. If the number of
clerk is thrice the number of managers and the average salary of clerk is 1/3rd of the average
salary of managers. Find the average salary of managers?
Soln:

14.​The average salary of the entire staff in an office is Rs.250 per month. The average salary of
officers is Rs. 520 and that of non-officers is Rs.200. If the number of officers is 15, then the
number of non-officers in the office is ?
Soln:
15.​In a famous hotel the rooms were numbered from201 to 230, each room gives an earning of
Rs.5000 for the first fifteen days of a month and for the latter half, Rs. 3000 per room. Find
the average income per room per day over the month September.
Soln:
Total Number of rooms = 30
Average = {5000*30*15 + 3000*30*15 } / 30*30
Average earning per room = 4000 Rs.

16.​In a famous hotel the rooms are numbered from 101 to 130on the first floor, 201 to 220 on
the second floor and 301 to 330on the third floor. In the month of November, the room
occupancy was 50% on the first floor, 80% on the second floor and 40% on the third floor. If
it is also known that the room charges areRs.200, Rs.250 and Rs.300on each of the floors
respectively, then find the average income per room in the hotel for month of November?

Soln:

17.​Average age of 30 students in a class is 20 years and out of it average age of 25 students is
15. What is the average age of remaining students?
Soln:
Total age of all students = 30 * 20 = 600
Age of 25 students = 25 * 15 = 375
Difference = 600 – 375 = 225
Therefore, average age of remaining = 225/5 = 45

18.​The average temperature for the first five days of the month is 40’c and the average
temperature from second to sixth day is 42’cand the ratio between the temperature of first
and sixth day is 3 : 4. Find the temperature on the sixth day?
Soln:
19.​The average salary of all the workers in a factory is Rs.7000. the average salary of 9
mechanic is Rs.5000and for the rest of the workers it is Rs.4000. Find the total number of
workers in the factory?
Soln:

Type 3: Questions based on age

20.​The average age of a couple at the time of marriage was 20 years. After 8 years they have a
kid of 4 years old. Find the average age of the family when the baby was born?
Soln:
During the time of marriage the age of husband and wife is 20 * 2 = 40
At the time of birth of child i.e. 4 years later age = 40 + 4 + 4 =48
Therefore, the average = 48/3 = 16

21.​The average age of 5 children of a family is 10 years but if we include the age of father and
mother then the average age becomes 22 years. It is given that father’s age is 6 years more
than the mother then what will be the age of mother at present?
Soln:
22.​ The average age of a husband and is wife was 25 when they were married 7 years ago. Now
the average age of husband wife and his son is 23 years. Find the age of son now?
Soln:

23.​The average age of a family of 8 members is 24 years. If the age of youngest member is 6
years, the average age of family at the birth of the youngest member was
Soln:

24.​ The ages of 4 members in a family are in the year are ‘x’, ‘x + 12’, ‘x + 24’ and ‘x+36’.
After some years oldest among them was dead then average reduced by 3.After how many
years from his death, the average will be as same as 2010?
Soln:

Type 5: Questions based on replacement and without replacement

25.​The average weight of 12 people gets increased by 3.5 Kg when a person weighs 56 kg got
replaced by another man. Find the weight of new man?
Soln:
 Short cut: new man = changed weight ± no of person * change in average
New person = 56 + 12*3.5 = 98

26.​The average weight of 40 balls is 5 grams. When the weight of the basket is added to the
weight of the balls the average increased by 0.5 grams. Find the weight of the basket?
Soln:
New weight = 40 * 0.5 + 4.5 = 24.5

27.​There are fifty students in hostel. Now the number of students got increased by 8. Due to this
expenses of mess increased by 30 rupees per day while the average expenditure decreased by
2 rupees. Find the initial expenditure?
Soln:

28.​The average age of 30 students is 16 years. If the age of teacher is also included then the
average age increased by 1 year, find the age of the teacher?
Soln:
Age of teacher = 16 + 31*1 = 47

29.​The average age of a class of 20 students is 12 years. Out of which one student whose age is
10 years left the class and two new boys entered the class . the average of the number
remains the same and the difference between the ages of new boys is 4 years. What will be
the age of younger one?
Soln:

30.​In a group of 8 boys, 2 boys aged 21 and 23 are replaced by 2 new boys. Due to this the
average age of the boy increased by 2 years. What is the average age of 2 new boys?
Soln:
Average of 8 boys increased by 2, this means the total age of boys increased by 8*2 = 16 yrs
So sum of ages of two new boys = 21+23+16 = 60
Average of these = 60/2
31.​The average age of the group having 3 members is 84. One more person joins the group and
now the average becomes 80. Now a fifth person comes whose age is 3 years more than that
of the fourth person replaces the first person. After this the average age of the group becomes
79. What is the weight of the first person?
Soln:

32.​The average age of 15 army men is 60 years. 5 new army men of average age 30 yeas join
them. Find the new average age?
Soln:

33.​The average weight of 40 students is32. If the heaviest and the lightest are excluded the
average weight reduces by 1. If only the heaviest is excluded then the average is 31. Then
what is the weight of the lightest?
Soln:

34.​In English exam, the average of class ‘A’ was found to be ‘x’ marks. After detucting a
computational error, the average marks of 100 candidates got reduced from 74 to 54. The
average thus came down by 25 marks. The total number of candidates who took the English
exam was?
Soln:
Type 6: Questions based on mistaken values

35.​The average height of 15 students was calculated as 75. But later it was found that the height
of 1 student wrongly entered as 35 instead of 38 and another as 46 instead of 63. The correct
average is?
Soln:
Avg = 75 + ((38-35 + 63 – 46)/15) = 76.33

36.​A pupil's marks were wrongly entered as 83 instead of 63. Due to that the average marks for
the class got increased by half (1/2). The number of pupils in the class is:
Soln:

Let there be x pupils in the class.

x 1 x
Total increase in marks = =
* 2 2

x = (83 - 63) x = 20 x=
40

37.​The average age of 40 students in a class is 75 kg. By mistake the weights of two students
were read as 74 kg and 66 kg respectively instead of 66 kg and 54 kg respectively. Find the
corrected average of the class?
Soln:

38.​The Average Mark Of Aakash In 5 Subjects Is 89,And It Is Noted Finally That Science Mark
Is Wrongly Written As 90 Instead Of 95 Then Find The Average Mark Of Aakash?
Soln:

Mark in 5 subjects = 89 * 5 = 445

New total = 445 + 5 =450

So, new average = 450 / 5 = 90

Type 7: Questions based on cricket

39.​A cricketer has completed 10 innings and his average is 21.5 runs. How many runs must he
take in next innings so as to raise his average by 24?
Soln:
total run scored in 10 innings = 21.5×10= 215
total run he must score after 11 innings= 24×11= 264.
he must score in 11th Innings= 264-215= 49.
Short cut : runs = 21.5 + 11* 2.5 = 21.5 + 27.5 = 49

40.​A batsman in his 17th innings makes a score of 85, and thereby increases his average by 3.
What is his average after 17 innings?
Soln:
Let x be the average till 16th innings
16x + 85 = 17(x + 3)
x = 34 + 3 = 37
short cut: avg = 85 – 16*3 = 85 – 48 = 37

41.​Dhoni scores 8000 runs in a certain number of innings. In next five innings he was out of
form and hence, could make only 85 runs as a result his average reduced by 1 run. How
many innings did he play in total?
Soln:

42.​A cricketer has an average of 55 after playing 20 matches. How many runs should he score in
the next match so as to increase the average to 57?
Soln:
Runs till 20th match = 55 * 20 = 1100
Let the runs made in next inning be x.​
(1100+x)÷21=57​
 1100+x=1197​
x=97

43.​ A cricketer whose bowling average is 12.4 runs per wicket takes 5 wickets for 26 runs and
thereby decreases his average by 0.4. The number of wickets taken by him till the last match
was.
Soln:
Let He has taken X wickets before the match.
And runs given with the average 12.4, So total run given was,
= 12.4X​
Runs given including this match,
12.4X +26 with the average of 12.
Now,​
(12.4X+26)/(X+5) = 12​
12.4X + 26 = 12X + 60​
0.4X = 34​
X = 85 wickets

Type 8: Miscellaneous

44.​The average of 20 numbers is 0. Of them, at the most, how many may be greater than 0.
Soln:
Average of 20 numbers = 0.
Therefore Sum of 20 numbers = (0 x 20) = 0
It is quite possible that 19 of these numbers may be positive and if their sum is a, then 20th
number is (-a).

45.​In Jessica's opinion, her weight is greater than 65 kg but less than 72 kg. Her brother doesn’t
agree with Jessica and he thinks that Jessica's weight is greater than 60 kg but less than 70
kg. Her mother's view is that her weight cannot be greater than 68 kg. If all are them are
correct in their estimation, what is the average of different probable weights of Jessica?
Soln:
Let Jessica's weight by X kg.
According to Jessica, 65 < X < 72
According to Jessica's brother, 60 < X < 70.
According to Jessica's mother-, X <= 68
The values satisfying all the above conditions are 66, 67 and 68
46.​A student was asked to find the arithmetic mean of the numbers 3, 11, 7, 9, 15, 13, 8, 19, 17,
21, 14 and x. He found the mean to be 12. What should be the number in place of x ?
Soln:
Total = 12 *12 = 144
Sum of given 11 numbers = 137
Difference = 144 – 137 = 7

47.​A library has an average of 510 visitors on Sundays and 240 on other days. The average
number of visitors per day in a month of 30 days beginning with a Sunday is :
Soln:
Since the month begins with a Sunday, so there will be five Sundays in the month,
Required average = (510 * 5 + 240 * 25) / 30 = 8550/30 = 285.

48.​There were 35 employees in the start-up company. If the number of employees increases by
7,the expense send for Refreshment increases by Rs.42 per day while the average
expenditure per head diminishes by Rs.1.Find the Original expenditure for the Refreshment?
Soln:
Let us Assume Average Expenditure be X initially
Therefore, the total Expenditure =35X
When 7 more Employees join the Company, total expenditure =35x+42(Given in the
Question)
After this the expenditure decreases by Rs.1 for each employee
(35X+42)/(35+7)=X-1
7X=84 => X=12
Thus,the original expenditure for refreshment=35*12=Rs.420

49.​The sum of three numbers is 98. If the ratio between first and second be 2 : 3 and that
between second and third be 5 : 8, then the second number is?
Soln:

Let the three parts be A, B, C. Then,

3 3 24
A : B = 2 : 3 and B : C = 5 : 8 = 5x : 8x =3:
5 5 5

24
A:B:C=2:3: = 10 : 15 : 24
5
 B 15 =
98 x
= 49 30.

Blood Relations
1.​ If A is the brother of B; B is the sister of C; and C is the father of D, how is A related to
D?
Uncle

2.​ Pointing to a photograph Lata says, "He is the only son of my grandfather." How is the
man in the photograph related to Lata?
Brother

3.​ Divya's father, pointing towards a person, said, "He is the brother of my father's only
sibling". How is the person related to Divya ?
Grand Father
4.​ Deepak said to Nitin, "That boy playing with the football is the younger of the two
brothers of the daughter of my father's wife." How is the boy playing football related to
Deepak?
Brother

5.​ Shobha is the niece of Ashish. Ashish's mother is Priya. Kamla is Priya's mother. Kamla's
husband is Hari. How is Shobha related to Hari ?
Great Granddaughter

6.​ Introducing Sonia, Aamir says, "She is the wife of only the nephew of the only brother of
my mother." How is Sonia related to Aamir?
Wife

7.​ Introducing a man, a woman said, "He is the only son of my mother." How is the woman
related to the man?
Niece

8.​ Pointing to a photograph a lady tell’s Pramod,”I am the only daughter of this lady and her
son is your maternal uncle,”How is the speaker related to Pramod's father?
Wife

9.​ Rita told Mani, “The girl I met yesterday at the beach was the youngest daughter of the
brother-in-law of my friend’s mother.” How is the girl related to Rita’s friend?
Cousin

10.​If A + B means A is the mother of B; A - B means A is the brother B; A % B means A is

the father of B and A x B means A is the sister of B, which of the following shows that P
is the maternal uncle of Q?
a) Q - N + M x P
b) P + S x N – Q
 c) P - M + N x Q​
d) Q - S % P

11.​A + B means A is the brother of B; A - B means A is the sister of B and A x B means A

is the father of B. Which of the following means that C is the son of M?
a)M - N x C + F
b)F - C + N x M
c)N + M - F x C
d)M x N - C + F

12.​ If 'A $ B' means 'A is brother of B', 'A @ B Means 'A is wife of B', 'A # B' means 'A is
daughter of B' and 'A & B Means 'A is father of B', then which of the following
expressions indicates the relationship 'K' is father-in-law of H'?
a) H @ J $ L # P & K
b) H @ J $ P & L # K
c) H @ J $ L # K & P
d) H @ P $ J & L # K

13.​If X + Y means X is the daughter of Y; X - Y means X is the brother of Y; X % Y means

X is the father of Y and X x Y means X is the sister of Y. Which of the following means I
am the niece of J?
a) J - N % C x I
b) I x C - N % J
c)J + M x C % I
d) I x C + N – J

14.​In a family, there are six members A, B, C, D, E and F.

A and B are a married couple, A being the male member. D is the only son of C, who is
the brother of A. E is the sister of D. B is the daughter-in-law of F, whose husband has
died.
a)​ How is E related to C ?
 Daughter
b)​ Who is C to B?
Brother in law
c)​ How many male members are there in the family?
3

15.​A, B, C, D, E, F and G are members of a family consisting of four adults and three
children, two of whom, F and G are girls. A and D are brothers and A is a doctor. E is an
engineer married to one of the brothers and has two children. If B is married to D and G
is their child. Who is C ?
a)A’s son b)E’s daughter c)F’s father d)G’s brother

16.​There is a family of six persons A, B, C, D, E and F. They are Lawyer, Doctor, Teacher,
Salesman, Engineer and Accountant There are two married couples in the family. D, the
Salesman is married to the Lady Teacher. The Doctor is married to the Lawyer. F, the
Accountant is the son of B and brother of E. C, the Lawyer is the daughter-in-law of A. E
is the unmarried Engineer. A is the grandmother of F. How is E related to F?
a)Brother b)Sister c)Cousin d)Cannot be determined

17.​A family consists of six members P, Q, R, S, T and U. There are two married couples. Q
is a doctor and the father of T. U is grandfather of R and is a contractor. S is grandmother
of T and is a housewife. There is one doctor, one contractor, one nurse, one housewife
and two students in the family. Which of the following is definitely a group of male
members ?
a)QU b)QUT c)QUP d)UT

18.​Eric is the son of Tom who is the brother of Jerry who is the daughter of Sin. Doremon is
the sister of Popoy who is the son of Chain. Ivanka is the daughter of Popoy who is the
husband of Jerry. Sin is the male person and Chain is the female person.
How is Ivanka related to Eric ?
Cousin
19.​I. A, B, C, D, E and F are six members of a family.
II. One couple has parents and their children in the family.
III. A is the son of C and E is the daughter of A.
IV. D is the daughter of F who is the mother of E.
What relationship do D and E bear to each other ?
Sisters

20.​I is the daughter of J. J is the son of K and 'K' is the father of L. If B is the son of J and B
has one brother, 'D'. Then which of the following statements is/ are true ?
I. is the sister of D.
II. D and B are brothers.
III. K is the grandfather of D.
a)only 1 b)only 2 c)ii & iii d)All of these

21.​B is the father of Q. B has only two children. Q is the brother of R. R is the daughter of P.
A is the granddaughter of P. S is the father of A. How is S related to Q?
A. Son​​ B. Son-in-law​​ C. Brother​ ​ D. Brother-in-law

22.​B and C are siblings. M has two children and he is the son of E, who is father-in-law of
H. H has only one son. C is not granddaughter of E. How is B related to E?
A. Granddaughter ​ B. Son ​ C. Daughter ​ ​ D. Can’t be determined ​
E. None of these
 B is granddaughter of E.
23.​In a family of six persons – Anu, Ayushi, Sohan, Ajay, Anupam and Anuj – there are
three males and three females. There are two married couples and two persons are
unmarried. Each one of them reads different newspapers, viz. Doctor, Engineer, Lawyer,
Teacher, Writer and Architect. Anupam, who works as Engineer, is mother-in-law of
Anu, who is wife of Sohan. Ajay is the father of Anuj and he does not read Doctor or
Architect. Ayushi works as Writer and is the sister of Anuj, who works as Lawyer. Sohan
does not work as Architect.
Who among the following works as a doctor?
A. Sohan ​ ​ B. Ajay​ ​ C. Anu ​ ​ D. Data inadequate ​
E. None of these

We can clearly observe from the figure that Sohan works as Doctor. Hence, option A is
correct.
24.​Daksha has two sons Badal and Fezan. Badal is married to Utkal. Utkal is mother of
Shruti. Lakshit is daughter of Daksha. Yadu is mother in law of Utkal. How is Shruti
related to Daksha?
A. Son​​ ​ B. Granddaughter​ ​ C. Grandson ​ ​ ​ ​
D. Either grandson or granddaughter​​ E. None of these

25.​Rohit has two sons namely Bittu and Kittu. Bittu is the husband of Gillu. Lata is the
mother in law of Gillu and Sittu. Sittu is mother of Mitthu. How is Mitthu related to
Rohit?
A. Granddaughter​ B. Grandson ​ ​ C. Daughter in law ​ ​ ​ ​
D. Can't be determined​ E. None of these

Directions : Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given
beside. (Set of 2 Questions)
 There are seven family members in a family in which four are males and three are
females and two married couples in that family.
S is the brother-in-law of T and paternal uncle of P.
R is the father of V and son of M.
V is the sister of P and Q is grandfather of V.
26.​Who is the mother of V?
A. R ​ ​ B. M​ ​ C. S ​ ​ D. T​ ​ E. None of these

we can say that T is mother of V. Hence, the correct answer is option D.

27.​ How is Q related to T?
A. Father ​ B. Grandfather ​ C. Father-in-law​ D. Son ​ ​ ​
E. None of these

Following the family chart we can say that Q is Father in law of T. Hence, the correct
answer is option C
28.​Pointing to a photograph, a woman said, “His father is the only son of my daughter’s
grandmother’s husband.” How is the person in the photograph related to the woman?
A. Father​ B. Son​​ C. Husband ​ ​ D. Brother ​ E. None of these
Person’s father = Only son of woman’s daughter’s grandfather’s husband’s =
Woman’s husband. Hence, option B is correct.

29.​Pointing to a photograph, a woman said, “His father is the only son of my daughter’s
grandmother’s husband.” How is the person in the photograph related to the woman?
 A. Maternal Uncle ​ ​ B. Maternal Aunt ​ ​ C. Paternal Uncle​ ​
D. Paternal Aunt ​ ​ E. Can’t be determined

From the image it is clear that Arun is the maternal uncle of Kiara. Hence option C is
correct.
30.​If A + B means A is the father of B
If A × B means A is the sister of B
If A $ B means A is the wife of B
If A % B means A is the mother of B
If A ÷ B means A is the son of B
Which among the given expressions indicates that M is the daughter of D?
A. L % R $ D + T × M​ ​ B. L + R $ D + M × T ​ ​ ​ ​
C. L % R % D + T ÷ M ​ ​ D. D + L $ R + M × T ​ ​ ​ ​
E. L $ D ÷ R % M ÷ T
 Number Series

1. 32, 45, 60, 77, ?

Correct Ans:96
The pattern is
32+13=45
45+15=60
30+17=77
77+19=96

2. 7, 24, 38, 86, 162, ?

Correct Ans:334
The pattern is,
7*2 + 10 = 24
24*2 - 10 =38
38*2 + 10 = 86
86*2 +10 = 162
162*2 + 10 = 334
334 is the required answer.

3. 5, 13, 35, ?, 719, 4321

Correct Ans:145
The pattern is,
(5*2) + 3 = 13
(13*3) - 4 = 35
(35*4) + 5 = 145
(145*5) - 6 = 719
(719*6) + 7 = 4321
145 is the required answer.

4. 2, 6, 25, 96, 285, ?

Correct Ans:568
Explanation:
The pattern is
2x6-6=6
6 x 5 - 5 = 25
25 x 4 - 4 = 96
96 x 3 - 3 = 285
285 x 2 - 2 = 568.

5. 8, 10, 23, 73, 297, ?

Correct Ans:1491
The pattern is,
8*1 + 2 = 10
10*2 + 3 = 23
23*3 + 4 = 73
73*4 + 5 = 297
297*5 + 6 = 1491
1491 is the required answer.

6. 5, 4, 7, 20, 79, ?
Correct Ans:394
The pattern is
5 x 1 -1 = 4
4x2-1=7
7 x 3 - 1 = 20
20 x 4 - 1 = 79
79 x 5 - 1 = 394

7. 13, 32, 69, 130, ?

Correct Ans:221
The pattern is
23 + 5 = 13
 33 + 5 = 32
43 + 5 = 69
53 + 5 = 130
63 + 5 = 221.

8. 18, 27, 9, 36, 0, ?

Correct Ans:45
The pattern is,
18 + (9 * 1) = 27
27 - (9 * 2) = 9
9 + (9 * 3) = 36
36 - (9 * 4) = 0
0 + (9 * 5) = 45
45 is the required number.

9. 6, 16, 44, 126, 370, ?

​ Correct Ans:1100
Pattern:
6
(6*3) - 2 = 16
(16*3) - 4 = 44
(44*3) - 6 = 126
(126*3) - 8 = 370
(370*3) - 10 =1100.

10. 4, 6, 15, 49, 201, 1011, ?

Correct Ans:6073
The pattern is,
4*1 + 2 = 6
6*2 + 3 = 15
15*3 + 4 = 49
49*4 + 5 = 201
201*5 + 6 = 1011
1011*6 + 7 = 6073

Finding Wrong Term

1. 10, 14, 78, 114, 624, 726

Correct Ans:624
Explanation:
The series is,
10 + 22 = 14
14 + 43 = 78
78 + 62 = 114
114 + 83 = 626
626 + 102 = 726

2. 1, 3, 10, 36, 152, 760, 4632

Correct Ans:760
The series is,
1*1 + 2 = 3
3*2 + 4 = 10
10*3 + 6 = 36 36*4 + 8 = 152
152*5 + 10 = 770
770*6 + 12 = 4632
3. 9, 10, 19, 58, 231, 1166, 6935
Correct Ans:1166
The series is
9 *1+1 = 10
10*2- 1 = 19
19*3+1 = 58
58 *4-1 = 231
231*5+1 = 1156
1156*6-1 = 6935

4. 1, 4, 6, 17, 29, 66, 125

Correct Ans:125
The series is
4 - 1 = 3 = 2^1 + 1
6 - 4 = 2 = 2^2 - 2
17 - 6 = 11 = 2^3 + 3
29 - 17 = 12 = 2^4 - 4
66 - 29 = 37 = 2^5 + 5
(124) - 66 = 58 = 2^6 - 6

5. 4, 10, 22, 46, 96, 190, 382

Correct Ans:96
The series is of the order:
4 * 2 +2 = 10
 10 * 2 +2 = 22
22 * 2 +2 = 46
46 * 2 +2 = 94 (not 96)
94 * 2 +2 = 190
190 * 2 +2 =382

Ratio and Proportion

Type 1: Numbers and Ratios
1.​ If a:b = 2:3 and b:c = 4:5, then a:b:c = ?
A) 8:12:15 B) 2:3:5 C) 2:4:5 D) 8:12:20
Soln:
A: B = 2 : 3
B: C = 4 : 5
Therefore A : B : C = 2*4 : 3* 4 : 3* 5
= 8:12 :15

2.​ If 0.6 of a number is equal to 0.08 of another number. The ratio of the numbers will be?
A) 3:4​ ​ B) 4:3 C) 2:15 D) 2:19
Soln:
0.6 * a = 0.08 * b​
∴ a/b = 0.08 / 0.6 = 8 / 60 = 2 / 15 = 2 : 15

3.​ When 7 is added to the numerator and denominator of the fraction, then the new ratio
of numerator and denominator becomes 13:19, what is the original ratio?
A) 11:13 B) 7:9 C) 4:7 D) Can’t be determined

Soln:
In X+7/y+7 = 13/19 x and y are different variable ,so original fraction cannot be
determined
 Dividing into parts:
4.​ The sum of the squares of three numbers is 5000. The ratio between the first and the
second number is 3:4 and that of the second and third number is 4:5. Find the
difference between the first and the third number.
A) 20 B) 30 C) 40 D) 50
Soln:
a:b = 3:4 ; b:c = 4:5 => a:b:c = 3:4:5
Given, a^2 + b^2 + c^2 = 5000 => (3x)^2 + (4x)^2 + (5x)^2 = 5000
Therefore, x = 10, a = 30 ; b = 40 ; c = 50
c – a = 20

5.​ A sum of money is to be distributed among P, Q, R and S in the proportion 2:5:6:7, If R

get Rs.500 more than S. What is P’s share?
A) 500 B) 700 C) 1000 D) 1200
Soln:
S – R = 7 – 6 = 1 => 500​
2 × 500 = 1000

6.​ The sum of the three numbers is 68. If the ratio of the first to second is 3:2 and that of
the second to the third is 5:3, then the second number is
A) 21 B) 22 C) 23 D) 24
Soln:
Let the three numbers be a, b and c
a:b= 2:3
b:c = 5:3
If we calculate a: b: c then there is nothing left in the question.
a:b:c comes out to be 10:15:9
Adding all the ratios and equating it to 68
34x=68
X=2
Hence second number will be 15*2=30

7.​ 180 sweets are divided among friends A, B, C and D in which B and C are brothers also
such that sweets divided between A and B are in the ratio 2 : 3, between B and C in the
ratio 2 : 5 and between C and D in ratio 3 : 4. What is the number of sweets received by
the brothers together?
A) 78 B) 84 C) 92 D) 102
Soln:
A : B : C : D = 2*2*3 : 3*2*3 : 3*5*3 : 3*5*4 = 4 : 6 : 15 : 20
 B and C together = [(6+15)/(4+6+15+20)] * 180 = 84
Top of Form
Bottom of Form

Type 3: Increase or decrease in ratio

8.​ A, B and C divide Rs 4200 among themselves in the ratio 7 : 8 : 6. If Rs 200 is added to
each of their shares, what is the new ratio in which they will receive the money?
A) 9 : 8 : 7 B) 8 : 9 : 7 C) 8 : 9 : 8 D) 9 : 10 : 8
Soln:
7X + 8X + 6X = 21X = 4200 => X= 200
A = (7 * 200) + 200 = 1600
B = (8 * 200) + 200 = 1800
C = (6 * 200) + 200 = 1400
Now, A:B:C = 1600 : 1800 : 1400 = 8:9:7

9.​ The ratio of boys and girls in the school is 7:9 when 22 new boys are joined in this school
then the ratio becomes 9:10. How many girls are there?
A) 180 B) 200 C) 160 D) 220

Soln:
Given: The ratio of boys and girls = 7 : 9
Number of new boys = 22
New boys to girls ratio = 9 ∶ 10
Calculation: Let be boys = 7x and girls be = 9x
⇒ {(7x+ 22)/9x} = 9/10
⇒ 70x + 220 = 81x
⇒ 11x = 220
⇒ x = 20
Then put the value in Girls ⇒ Girls = 20× 9 = 180 ∴ Girls are 180

10.​The students in 3 classes are in the ratio 3:4:5.If 20 students added in each class, the
ratio becomes 5:6:7.Find the total no of students in all the 3 classes now ?
A) 160 B) 170 C) 180 D) 200
Soln:
While comparing the ratios the difference in the proportions of both ratio is 2.
Therefore, 2 parts = 20 => 1 part = 10
Present ratio = 5:6:7 => 18 parts
18 * 10 = 180 students
11.​An amount is to be divided between A, B and C in the ratio 2:3:5 respectively. If C gives
200 of his share to B the ratio among A, B and C becomes 3:5:4. What is the total sum?
A) 5000 B) 6000 C) 7000 D) 8000
Soln:
A:B:C = 2:3:5 => total parts = 10
New A:B:C = 3:5:4 => total parts = 12
Therefore, the answer must be LCM of total parts of both the ratios and its multiples.

Type 4: Based on coins and money

12.​In a bag there are coins of 25p, 10p and 5p in the ratio 1:2:3.If there are Rs.45 in all then
find how many 25p coins are there ?
A) 60 B) 65 C) 70 D) 75
Soln:
[(25x) + (10x × 2) + (5x × 3)] / 100 = 45​
[25x + 20x + 15x] / 100 = 45​
60 x = 4500​
X = 4500/60 = 75

13.​A bag contains 25p, 50p and 1Re coins in the ratio of 2 : 4 : 5 respectively. If the total
money in the bag is Rs 75, find the number of 50p coins in the bag.
A) 45 B) 50 C) 25 D) 40
Soln:
(25/100)*2x + (50/100)*4x + 1*5x = 75
x = 10,
so 50 p coins = 4x = 40

14.​A bag contains 25p coins, 50p coins and 1 rupee coins whose values are in the ratio of
8:4:2.If the total values of coins is X and the total amount in rupees is Y, then which of
the following is true
A) X = 840; Y = 260 B) X = 966; Y = 345
C) X = 840; Y = 280 D) X = 740; Y = 260
Soln:
(8x/0.25) + (4x/0.5) + (2x/1) = 840.
X = 20. Total amount = 14*20 = 280

15.​If Shubhangi has twice as many 20 rupee notes as she has 50 rupee notes and altogether
she has 2,700 rupees, then how many 50 rupee notes does she have?
A) 30 B) 35 C) 40 D) 45
 Soln:
50*x+2x*20 = 2700
90x = 2700
x = 30

16.​A man has ₹480 in the denominations of 1 rupee notes, 5 rupee notes and 10 rupee
notes. The number of notes of each denomination is equal. What is the total number of
notes that he has?
A) 30 B) 35 C) 40 D) 45
Soln:
1X +5X + 10X = 480 => X=30

Income/Expenditure

17.​The ratio of monthly income of A and B in the ratio is 6:5 and the ratio of their
expenditure is 9:7.If each saves Rs.1500.Then the sum of their salary is?
A) 11,000 B) 9,000 C) 1,0000 D) 12,000
Soln:
6X - 1500 = 9
5X – 1500 = 7
X = 1000
Now, 11X = 11000

18.​The salaries of A, B and C are in the ratio 5:3:2.If the increments of 20% ,10% and 20%
are allowed in their salaries, then what will be the new ratio of their salaries ?
A) 22:11:9 B) 22:10:8 C) 20:11:8 D) 20:10:9
Soln:
Let, 5:3:2 = 500:300:200​
500×(20/100) = 100 => 500+100 = 600​
300×(10/100) = 30 => 300+33 = 330​
200×(20/100) = 40 => 200+40 = 240​
600:330:240 = 20:11:8

19.​Salaries of Ravi and Sumit are in the ratio 2 : 3. If the salary of each is increased by Rs.
4000, the new ratio becomes 40 : 57. What is Sumit's salary?
A) Rs. 17,000 B) Rs. 20,000 C) Rs. 25,500 D) Rs. 38,000
Soln:
Let the original salaries of Ravi and Sumit be Rs. 2x and Rs. 3x respectively.
 57(2x + 4000) = 40(3x + 4000)
6x = 68,000
3x = 34,000
Sumit's present salary = (3x + 4000) = Rs.(34000 + 4000) = Rs. 38,000.

20.​The salaries A, B, C are in the ratio 2 : 3 : 5. If the increments of 15%, 10% and 20% are
allowed respectively in their salaries, then what will be the new ratio of their salaries?
A) 3 : 3 : 10 B) 10 : 11 : 20 C) 23 : 33 : 60 D) Cannot be determined
Soln:
Consider the values as 200,300 and 500
115% of 200 = 230
110% of 300 = 330
120% of 500 = 600
Therefore ratio = 230:330:600 = 23:33:60

21.​The incomes of A and B are in the ratio 1 : 2 and their expenditures are in the ratio 2 : 5.
If A saves Rs 20,000 and B saves Rs 35,000, what is the total income of A and B?
A) Rs 30,000 B) Rs 90,000 C) Rs 90,000 D) Rs 60,000
Soln:
Income of A = x, of B = 2x
Expenditure of A = 2y, of B = 5y
Savings is (income – expenditure). So x – 2y = 20,000; 2x – 5y = 35,000
Solve the equations, x = 30,000
So total = x+2x = 3x => 3*30,000 = 90,000

Type 6: Based on Partnership

22.​A started a business with Rs.32,000 after 4 months B joined with the business by
investing Rs.48,000.At the end of the year, in what ratio should share their profit ?
A) 8:7 B) 7:6 C) 5:7 D) 9:5
Soln:
32000*12 : 48,000*8 = 32*12 : 42*8384 : 384 = 1:1

23.​ The investment of A is twice as that of Band thrice as that of C. B invested for twice the
months than A and thrice the months than C. Who will earn the highest profit?
A) B B) C C) A D) Both A and B
Soln:
Investment ratio 6:3:2
 Month ratio 3:6:2
Then 6*3 : 6*3 : 2*2 => 9:9:2
Therefore, A and B get equal share.

24.​ Harvinder and Deepak invest in a business, Rs 8000 and Rs 8250 for 11 months and 9
months respectively. Deepak earns Rs 2500 less profit than Harvinder. Find the
difference between the amount invested and profit earned by Harvinder?
A) 5000 B)6000 C)7000 D)8000
Soln:
Ratio of profit earned by Harvinder and Deepak = 8000 * 11 : 8250 * 9 = 32 : 27Let profit
earned by Harvinder and Deepak are 32x and 27x respectively.​
32x - 27x = 2500​
x = 500​
Profit earned by Harvinder = 32x = 16000​
required difference = 16000 - 8000 = Rs. 8000

25.​ A puts Rs 80 and B puts Rs 45 in a game. At the end of 4 months, A withdrew half of his
money and at the end of 6 months B also withdrew half of his money. Now C also wants
to play and puts Rs 75 and remains until the end of the year. In what ratio the profit will
be divided among them?
A) 128:81:90 B)82:90:81 C) 90:81:128 D)128:90:81
Soln:
A's share : B's share : C's share = [(80*4) + ((80/2)*8)] : [(45*6) + ((45/2)*6)] : [75*6]​
= [320 + 320)] : [270 + 135)] : [450]​
= 640 : 405 : 450​
= 128 : 81 : 90

26.​ Nitin and Krishnam invested in a business in ratio 12:5.If 15% of the total profit goes to
trust and Nitin’s share is Rs1055, what is the total profit?
A) 1758.33 B) 1600 C) 1750 D) 1760
Soln:
Let total profit be equal to Rs 100.​
Nitin share=(85)*(12/17)=Rs 60​
If Nitin share is Rs 60,Total profit is Rs 100.​
 If Nitin share is Rs 1055,​
Total profit=(100/60)*1055=Rs 1758.33

Problems on Ages

Ratio Method
1. One year ago, the ratio of Ravi and Raghu ages was 2: 3 respectively. After five years from
now, this ratio becomes 4: 5. How old is Raghu now?
2. The ages of Kiran and Varun are in the proportion of 3 : 5. After 9 years, the proportion of
their ages will be 3 : 4. Then the current age of Varun is:
3. Ten years ago the ratio of father and son was 3:1. Ten years hence, the ratio becomes 2:1. .
The ratio of their present ages is:
4. The ages of Shakti and Kanti are in the ratio of 8 : 7 respectively. After 10 years, the ratio of
their ages will be 13 : 12. What is the difference between their ages ?

Twice / Thrice
5. A person's present age is two-fifths of the age of his mother. After 8 years, he will be one half
of the age of his mother. How old is the mother at present .
6. A man is 24 years older than his son. In two years, his age will be twice the age of his son. The
present age of his son is:
7. A father is twice as old as his daughter. If 20 years ago, the age of the father was 10 times the
age of the daughter, what is the present age of the father?
8. Arun is 2 years older than Bharat who is twice as old as Charat. If the total ages of Arun,
Bharat and Charat are 27, then how old is Bharat?
9. Last year Pandit was thrice his sister's age. Next year he is only twice her age. After 5 years,
what is pandit's age.
Based on Addition/ Subtraction
10. The ratio of age of Krishna and her mother is 5:12 and the difference of their ages is 21.
What will be the ratio of their ages after 3 years?
11. The ratio between the present ages of P and Q is 6:7. If Q is 4 years old than P, what will be
the ratio of the ages of P and Q after 4 years
12. The sum of the ages of 5 children born at the intervals of 3 years each is 50 years. What is
the age of the youngest child?
13. Total of the ages of A, B and C at present is 90 years. Ten years ago, the ratio of their ages
was 1:2:3. What is the age of B at present?
14. The ratio of the father’s age to his son’s age is 7 : 3. The product of their ages is 756. The
ratio of their ages after 6 years will be :
Based on Average
15. Average age of A and B is 24 years and the average age of B, C and D is 22 years. The sum of
the ages of A, B, C and D is a) 90 b) 98 c) 120 d) Data is not adequate
16. The average age of a husband and his wife was 25 when they were married 7 years ago.
Now the average age of husband, wife and son is 23 years. Find the age of the son now?
17. The average age of a family of 5 members is 24 years. If the age of the youngest member is 8
years, the average age of the family at the birth of the youngest member was?
18.The average age of 5 children of a family is 10 years but if we include the age of father and
mother then the average age becomes 22 years. It is given that the father's age is 6 years more
than the mother then what will be the age of the mother at present?
 Mixture and Alligations
Rule to solve

1.​ In what ratio must a grocer mix two varieties of pulses costing Rs. 15 and Rs. 20 per kg
respectively so as to get a mixture worth Rs. 16.50 kg?

2.​ Find the ratio in which rice at Rs. 7.20 a kg be mixed with rice at Rs. 5.70 a kg to
produce a mixture worth Rs. 6.30 a kg?

3.​ A and B are two alloys in which ratios of gold and copper are 5 : 3 and 5 : 11
respectively. If these equally amount of two alloys are melted and made alloy C. What
will be the ratio of gold and copper in alloy C?

4.​ In what ratio must a grocer mix two varieties of tea worth Rs. 60 a kg and Rs. 65 a kg so
that by selling the mixture at Rs. 68.20 a kg he may gain 10%?

5.​ How many kilogram of sugar costing Rs. 9 per kg must be mixed with 27 kg of sugar
costing Rs. 7 per kg so that there may be a gain of 10% by selling the mixture at Rs. 9.24
per kg?

Quantity Added
 6.​ In a 80 litres mixture of milk and water, the ratio of milk to water is 5:3. to get a new
mixture containing milk and water in the ratio 10:9, the amount of water to be added is:

7.​ A jar contains a blend of a fruit juice and water in the ratio 5:x. When 1 litre of water is
added to 4 litres of the blend, the ratio of fruit juice to water becomes 1:1. What is the
value of x?

Based on replacement
8.​ A vessel contains 80 liters of milk. 8 liters of milk is taken out from it and replaced by
water. Then again from mixture, 8 liters is again taken out and replaced by water. Find
the amount of milk in the final mixture?

9.​ A butler stole wine from a butt of sherry which contains 15% of spirit and he replaced
what he had stolen by wine containing 6% of spirit. The butt was then 9% strong only.
How much of the butt did he steal?
10.​A dishonest milkman professes to sell his milk at cost price but he mixes it with water
and thereby gains 20%. The percentage of water in the mixture is:

Directions
1)I am facing East. Turning to the right I go 20 m, then turning to the left I go 20 m and turning
to the right I go 20 m, then again turning to the right I go 40 m and then again I go 40 m to the
right. In which direction am I from my original position?

West​

2) A boy was misdirected from his way while returning to his home from his school. In order to
reach his home, he first moved 3 km in south direction and then turned to his left and moved 2
km in straight direction on the road leading to the east. From there, he moved to his left and
walked 3 km. After this, he again turned to his left and moved 1 km. Finally he reached his
home. The home of the boy was in which direction from his school?
East

3)Two boys Anil and Shyam walk in opposite directions for three kilometres. Anil is walking
towards East. After 3 km each both turn right and walk 3 km each. Both turn to face each other.
In which direction is Shyam looking?

South East

4) At dusk, Rohit started walking facing the sun. After a while, he met his friend and both turned
to their left. They halted for a while and started moving by turning again to their right. Finally
Rohit waved 'good bye' to his friend and took a left turn at a corner. At which direction is Rohit
moving now?

South
5. Two cars start from the opposite places of a main road, 150 km apart. First car runs for 25 km
and takes a right turn and then runs 15 km. It then turns left and then runs for another 25 km and
then takes the direction back to reach the main road. In the mean time, due to minor break down
the other car has run only 35 km along the main road. What would be the distance between two
cars at this point?

65km

6) A child is looking for his father. He went 90 metres in the East before turning to his right. He
went 20 meters before turning to his right again to look for his father at his uncle’s place 30
metres from this point. His father was not there. From here he went 100 metres to the North
before meeting his father in a street. What is the smallest distance between the starting point and
his father’s position?
100 metres​

7.I walk 30 metres in North-West direction from my house and then 30 metres in South-west
direction. After this I walk 30 metres in South-East direction. Now, I turn to my house, in what
direction am I going?

8)A man is facing towards west and turns through 450 Clock-wise, again 1800 Clock-wise and
then turns through 2700 anticlock-wise, In which direction is he facing now?

South-west
9)Deepa moved a distance of 75m towards the North, She then turned to the left and walking for
about 25m, turned left again and walked 80m. Finally, she turned to the right at an angle of 450 in
which direction was she moving finally?

South-west​

10)Maha is facing North and walks 10km. She turns 2700 anticlock-wise and walks 15km. Now
she again turns 450 Clock-wise and walks for 25km. Which direction is he facing now?

South-East
​

11)Mary is walking towards south-west for 15miles, turns right and walks another 10miles. She
then turns 900 clock-wise and walks 10miles , Now she again turns left and walks 30 miles. In
which direction is she facing?

North-west

12) Kayal ran a distance of 40m towards south she then turned to the right and ran for about
15metres, turned right again and ran 50metres, turning to right, then ran for 15m, finally she
turned to the left at an angle of 450 and ran in which direction was she running finally?

North-west
13)Rahul put his time piece on the table in such a way that 6 pm hour hand points to north.In
which direction the minute hand will point at 9.15pm ?

West

14) One morning Udai and Vishal were talking to each other face to face at a crossing. If Vishal's
shadow was exactly to the left of Udai, which direction was Udai facing?

North​

15)One Evening, before sunset Reka and Hema where talking to each other face to face. If
hema’s shadow was exactly to the right of Hema, Which direction was Reka facing ?

South​
 PERCENTAGE
1)​ 64 is what percent of 80?
A.80%​​ B. 70%​ C. 60%​ D. 64%

64/80 * 100 = 80%

2)​ If 15% of 30% of 50% of a number is 90, then what is the number?
A.4000​​ B. 3050​ C. 4400​ D. 4500
Explanation:
Let the number be a
Given, 15/100 * 30/100 * 50/100 * a = 90
⇨​ 3/20 * 3/10 * 1/2 * a = 90
⇨​ a = 10 * 20 * 10 * 2 = 4000.

3)​ 40% of a number is more than 20% of 650 by 190. Find the number?
A.​ 600​ ​ B. 700​​ C. 800​​ D. 900
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
(40/100) * X – (20/100) * 650 = 190
2/5 X = 320
X = 800

4)​ 60% of a number is added to 120, the result is the same number. Find the number?
A.​ 300 ​ B. 200​​ C. 400​​ D. 500
Explanation:
(60/100) * X + 120 = X​
2X = 600​
X = 300

5)​ If two positive numbers are in the ratio 1/8 : 1/5, then by what percent is the second
number more than the first?
A.​ 40%B. 33 1/3%C. 60%D. 66 2/3%

Given ratio = 1/8 : 1/5 = 5 : 8

Let the first number be 5x and the second number be 8x.

The second number is more than the first number by 3x.
Required percentage = 3x/5x * 100 = 60%.

6)​ 40 is subtracted from 60% of a number, the result is 50. Find the number?
A.150​ ​ B. 140​​ C. 130​​ D. 110
 Explanation:
(60/100) * X – 40 = 50​
6X = 900​
X = 150

7)​ a. Two numbers are respectively 20% and 25% more than a third number. The percentage
that is first of the second is?
80%B. 85%C. 96%D. 125%
First number is 20% more = 100+20 =120

Second number is 25% more =100+25 =125

To find the percentage = 120/125 *100 = 96 %

b. A student erroneously multiplied a number by 2/5 instead of 5/2.What is the

percentage error in the calculation?​

cross multiplying the values 2/5 * 5/2*100

we get = 4/25*100= 16

Error percentage = 100-16 = 84%

8)​ If the numerator of a fraction is increased by 20% and its denominator is diminished by
25%, the value of the fraction is 2/15. Find the original fraction.

1/12B. 1/8C. 1/6D. ¼

Explanation:
X * (120/100)​
---------------- = 2/15​
Y * (75/100)​
X/Y = 1/12

9)​ In a factory, there are 40% technicians and 60% non-technicians. If 60% of the
technicians and 40% of non-technicians are permanent employees, then the percentage of
workers who are temporary is?
32%B. 42%C. 52%D. 62%
Explanation:
Total = 100​
T= 40 NT= 60​
40*(60/100)=24 60*(40/100)=24​
24 + 24 = 48 => 100 - 48 = 52%

10)​The population of a town is 45000; 5/9th of them are males and the rest females 40% of
 the males are married. What is the percentage of married females?
60%B. 50%C. 45%D. 40%
Explanation:
Male = 45,000* 5/9 = 25,000​
Female = 45,000* 4/9 = 20,000​
Married Male = 25,000* 40/100 = 10,000​
Married Female = 10,000​
20,000 ------------ 10,000​
100 ------------- ? => 50%

Percentage Increase/Decrease

11)​At a supermarket, a certain item has increased from 75 cents per pound to 81 cents per
pound. What is the percent increase in the cost of the item?

Solution:

12)​Four feet are cut from a 12-foot board. What is the percent decrease in length?

Solution:

Finding 100 %

13)​96% of the population of a village is 23040. The total population of the village is?
32256B. 24000C. 24936D. 25640
Explanation:
X * (96/100) = 23040​
X = 240 * 100​
X = 24000

14)​In an examination 65 % of students are passed and no of failures is 420.Find the total
strength?
420 * 100​ =1200

35

15)​If 70 % of the students in a school are boys. And the no of girls be 504.Find no of boys.
504 * 100​ = 1680.
30
 1680 * 70​ = 1176 boys.
100

16)​The salary of a typist was at first raised by 10% and then the same was reduced by 5%. If
he presently draws Rs.1045.What was his original salary?
900B. 950C. 1000D. 975
X * (110/100) * (95/100) = 1045
X * (11/10) * (1/100) = 11
X = 1000​

Net Percentage Change:

17)​The salary of a worker is first increased by 30% and afterwards reduced by 30%. What is
net change in his salary?
90% increaseB. 45% increaseC. 9% decreaseD. Same as before
Explanation:
a+b+ab/100 = 30 – 30 - (30 * 30)/100 = 9% decrease

18)​The percentage increase in the area of a rectangle, if each of its sides is increased by 20%
A) 22% B) 33%
C) 44% D) 55%
successive apply
20+20+20×20/100
40+4
44%
19)​If the diameter of a circle decreases by 10%, what will be the percentage change in the
area of the circle?
A + B + AB/100 = Net change
A = B = -10%
Net change ,= -10 - 10 + (-10 x -10)/100
= -19%
(Or)
Let the diameter of a circle, A be 20 cm. Its area = 100* pi
If the diameter is reduced by 10%, its radius will be 9 cm, the Circle B will have its area
= 81*pi
So the % reduction in area of Circle B to that of the area of Circle A = (100–81)*100/100
= 19%.

Marks based questions:

20)​An engineering student has to secure 36% marks to pass. He gets 130 marks and fails by
14 marks. The maximum No. of marks obtained by him is?
 300B. 400C. 350D. 500
Explanation:
130​
14​
-------​
36% ------ 144​
100%------ ? => 400

21)​In an examination in which full marks were 500. A got 25% more than C, C got 20% less
than D. If A got 360 marks. What percentage of full marks was obtained by D ?

a)72%​ b)80%​c)50%​ d)60%

Marks obtained by A = 360 marks

marks obtained by C=360/125×100

= 288 marks

marks obtained by D=288/80×100

= 360 marks

Required % marks obtained by D

=360/500×100=72%

22)​For an examination, it is required to get 36% of maximum marks to pass. A student got
113 marks and failed by 85 marks. The maximum marks for the examination are:
a)400 b)450 c)500 d)550
36% marks = 113 + 85
⇒ 36% = 198
100 % = 550.

23)​A student has to obtain 33% of the total marks to pass. He got 125 marks and failed by
40 marks. The maximum marks are :

A) 500​B) 600
C) 800​D) 1000
Given that the student got 125 marks and still he failed by 40 marks

⇨​ The minimum pass mark = 125 + 40 = 165

Given that minimum pass mark = 33% of the total mark

 ⇨​ total mark =33/100 =165

⇨​ total mark = 16500/33 = 500

24)​In an examination, a student scored 30% marks from the first paper out of 180.How
much % should he score from the 2nd paper out of 150 if he is to get an overall average
of at least 50 %?

At Least 50 % = (180 + 150)/2 = 165

180 * 30 =54
100

Remaining = 165 - 54 = 111

Required Percentage = 111 * 100 = 74

150

25)​In an examination a student scored 30 % marks from the I paper out of 150.How much %
should he score out of 120 if he is to get an overall percentage of at least 50 %?
At Least 50 % = 150 + 120 = 270/2 = 135
Paper I = 30 * 150 = 45
100
Remaining = 135 – 45 = 90
Required percentage = (90 * 100)/120 = 75 %

26)​In an examination a student scored 30 % marks from I paper out and he failed by 15
marks and another student who scored 40 % mark and he obtained 35 marks more than
pass mark.Find pass mark?
Maximum mark = Addition of difference in pass mark.
A)​ Difference of scoring percentage
= 50 * 100 = 500
10

27)​A candidate who gets 30% of the marks fails by 50 marks. But another candidate who
gets 45% marks gets 25 marks more than necessary for passing. Find the number of
marks for passing?
150​ B. 200​​ C. 250​​ D. 275

30% ------------ 50
45% ------------ 25
----------------------
15% ------------- 75
30% -------------- ?
 150 + 50 = 200 Marks

28)​In an examination 40% failed in Hindi, 45% failed in English. If 25% students failed in
both the subjects. Then the percentage of failed students is?
15%B. 65%C. 60%D. 70%
Explanation:

Explanation:

29)​In an exam 42 % of students failed in Hindi.52 % failed in English.If 17 % failed in both,

find % of students passed in both?
Calculating according to a vern diagram
52=hindi fail
42=english fail
17=both subjects fail
So only hindi fail=52-17=35
And only English fail=42-17=25
So failures in hindi +failures in english=25+35=60+17 = 77(you have to add the people
who failed in both once)
Considering total strength as 100 passing percentage would be 100-77 = 23%
30)​If x is 10% more than y, then by what percent is y less than x?
a)9(1/11)% b)7(1/11)% c)8(1/11)% d)10(1/11)%

10/110 * 100 = 9(1/11)%

31)​If A’s height is 20% more than B’s height, by how much percent less is B’s height than
that of A?
a)11.11% b)33.33% c)16.66% d)22.22%

20/120*100 = 16.66 %
32)​B got 20% marks less than A. What percent marks did A got more than B?
a)20% b)25% c)12% d)80%

20/80 *100 = 25%

33)​If A's income is 20 % less than B's income .In how much % B's income is more than that
of A?
20 * 100 = 25 %
80​

Consumption based Questions:

34)​The price of onions increases by 25%, by what percent should a housewife reduces the
consumption so that expenditure on onions can be the same as before?
a) 35% b) 20% c) 55% d) 45%
25
——— × 100 = 20 %
125
35)​If the duty on an article is reduced by 40% of its present rate, by how much percent must
its consumption increase in order that the revenue remains unaltered ?
So the required percentage increase is:
{40/(100-40)} x 100
= (40/60) x 100
=200/3%

36)​Price of a commodity has increased by 60%. By what percent must a consumer reduce
the consumption of the commodity so as not to increase the expenditure?
(a)​ 37%
(b)​37.5%
(c)​ 40.5%
(d)​60%
⇨​ 60/160 *100 = 37.5 %
 37)​If the price of a commodity is decreased by 20% and its consumption is increased by
20%, what will be the increase or decrease in the expenditure on the commodity?
4% increase​ 4% decrease​ 8% increase​ 8% decrease
Answers: (b)
Let the CP of each article = Rs. 100
Consumption = 100 units
Initial expenditure = Rs. (100 × 100) = Rs. 10000
New price of article = Rs. 80
Consumption = 120 units
Expenditure = Rs. (120 × 80)= Rs. 9600
Decrease = Rs. (10000 – 9600) = Rs. 400
∴ Percentage decrease = {(400 x 100)/ 10000} = -4%
Alternate Method:
Here, the price is decreased by 20% and the consumption is increased by 20%.
So, the net change in expenditure
= {x – y – (xy /100)}
= {20 – 20 – (400/100 )} = -4%
Hence, the expenditure decreased by 4%.

38)​When the cost of rice increases by 25 %, a man reduces his annual consumption by 10 %.
Find the % change in his annual expenditure on rice?
12.5 %B. 11.11 %C. 15 %D. 6.25 %

⇨​ Explanation: % change in the annual expenditure = 1.25 * 0.9 = 1.125

⇨​ ⇒ Net increase of 12.5 %

⇨​ Alter Method
⇨​ a+ b+ ab /100 25 - 10 – (25 * 10)/100 = (-12.5)%

Income based questions

39)​A person spends 1/5th of his income on the education of his children, and 20% of the
remaining on food. If he is left with Rs.576 find his income?
Rs.900B. Rs.800C. Rs.500D. Rs.1000
Explanation:
X * 4/5 * 80/100 = 576​
X = 14400/16​
X = 900
40)​Radha spends 40% of her salary on food, 20% on house rent, 10% on entertainment and
10% on conveyance. If her savings at the end of the month are Rs 1500, then what is her
monthly salary?
%savings = 100- (40+20+10+10) = 20%
20% of monthly salary = 1500
Hence monthly salary = 7,500
41)​Ajay spends 45% of his monthly income on household items, 25% of his monthly income
on buying cloths, 7.5% of his monthly income on medicines and saves the remaining
amount which is Rs. 9000. Find his monthly income.
Rs. 40000B. Rs. 36000C. Rs. 50000D. Rs. 45000
Explanation:
Let the monthly income of Ajay be Rs. x
Savings of Ajay = x - (45 + 25 + 7.5)/100 * x = 22.5/100 x
22.5/100 x = 9000
x = 40000.

42)​A man spends 10% of his income in house rent, 20% of the rest on his children’s
education, 25% of the rest miscellaneous causes. If he now possesses Rs. 1944 then his
income is?
Rs.3600B. Rs.4000C. Rs.4500D. Rs.3000
Explanation:
X * (90/100) * (80/100) * (75/100) = 1944​
X * 0.9 * 0.8 * 0.75​
X = 1944/0.54​
X = 3600

43)​A person gave 20% of his income to his elder son, 30% of the remaining to the younger
son and 10% of the balance, he donated to a trust. He is left with Rs. 10080. His income
was :
A.​ Rs. 50000
B.​ Rs. 40000
C.​ Rs. 30000
D.​ Rs. 20000
Solution:
X*(80/100)*(70/100)*(90/100)=10080
After cancellation we get
X=(10080*5*100)/(9*7*4)
X=160*5*25
X=800*25
X=20000

44)​A man sends 75 % of his income. If his income is increased by 20%,he increases his
expenditure by 10 %.His savings are increased by how much %?
 Let the total income be 100
So he spends 75 and saves 25
Now his income is increased by 20% so new income is 120
His expenses increases by 10% so 75 * 10/100 = 7.5
Thus he spends 82.5 out of 120
He saves 120 - 82.5 = 37.5
Thus % increase in savings = (37.5–25)/25 * 100 = 50%

Votes based Questions

45)​In an election between 2 candidates, one gets 62 % of votes and he is elected by a

majority of 144 votes .Find the no of votes.
62 % - 38 % = 24 %.
144 * 100 = 600
24

46)​A candidate got 35% of the votes polled and he lost to his rival by 2250 votes. How many
votes were cast?
7500B. 5000C. 6000D. 3500
Explanation:
35%----------- L​
65%----------- W​
------------------​
30%----------2250​
100%--------- ? => 7500

47)​In an election between 2 candidates ,one gets 30 % of the voter and is defeated by 15000
votes. Find no votes for the winning candidate?
40 %
-- 15000

70​
-- ? = 26250.
-
>

48)​In an election between two candidates, one got 55% of the total valid votes, 20% of the
votes were invalid. If the total number of votes was 7500, the number of valid votes that
the other candidate got, was :
2500 b) 2700 c) 2900 d) 3100
Valid votes = 100% - 20% = 80% = 6000
Candidate A = 55 %
Candidate B = 45 % = 45% 0f 6000 = 2700.
49)​10 % of voters did not cast their votes in an election between 2 candidates.10 % of the
polled were invalid and one gets 54 % of the total valid votes and he is elected by the
majority of 1620 votes. Find the number of votes enrolled in the voter's list?
Out of valid vote,
Candidate A = 54%
Candidate B = 46 %
Difference = 8 %
8% ----> 1620
100% ----- ?

1620*100 = 20250
⇨​
8
⇨​ 20250 * 100 = 22500
90
⇨​ 22500 * 100 = 25000
90

(Or)
8% of [90% of ((90% of x)] = 1620​

8 * 90* 90
――――― × X = 1620
100*100*100 ​
⇔ x = 25000

Population based questions:

50)​The population of the town increased by 10 % in the 1st year and 20 % in the 2nd year.
The population after 2 years will be ? The population is 8000?

⇨​ 8000 10 % = 800

⇨​ 8000 + 800 = 8800

⇨​ 8800  20% = 1760

⇨​ 8800 + 1760 = 10560
51)​The population of the town increased by 5% every year. If the pesent population is
15435?
15435 * 100 * 100 = 14000
⇨​ 105 105
 52)​The population of a town increased from 1,75,000 to 2,62,500 in a decade. The
average percent increase of population per year is:
A.​ 4.37%
B.​ 5%
C.​ 6%
D.​ 8.75%
Increase in 10 years = (262500 - 175000) = 87500.
87500
Increase% = 175000 x 100 %=
50%.

50
Required average
= 10 % =
5%.
PROFIT AND LOSS

1)​ Alfred buys an old scooter for Rs.4700 and spends Rs.800 on its repairs. If he sells the
scooter for Rs.5800, his gain percent is:

ANSWER: B
EXPLANATION:

2)​ The percentage profit earned by selling an article for Rs.1920 is equal to the percentage
loss incurred by selling the same article for Rs.1280. At what price should the article be
sold to make 25% profit?
 ANSWER: A
EXPLANATION:

3) A man buys a cycle for Rs.1400 and sells it at a loss of 15%. What is the selling price of the
cycle?
A) Rs.1090
B) Rs.1160
C) Rs.1190
D) Rs.1202

ANSWER: C
EXPLANATION:

4) Sam purchased 20 dozens of toys at the rate of Rs.375 per dozen. He sold each one of them at
the rate of Rs.33. What was his percentage profit?
A) 3.5
B) 4.5
C) 5.6
D) 6.5

ANSWER: C
EXPLANATION:
5) When a plot is sold for Rs.18,700, the owner loses 15%. At what price must that plot be sold
in order to gain 15%?
A) Rs.21,000
B) Rs.22,500
C) Rs.25,300
D) Rs.25,800

ANSWER: C
EXPLANATION:

6) A laptop is marked at a price 20% above its cost price. At what discount it should be
sold to make a 5% profit?
A) 10%
B) 12.5%
C) 15%
D) 16%

7) Two successive discounts of 40% and 20% respectively, on the marked price of an
article are equal to single discount of Rs.988.The marked price (in Rs) of the article is:
A) 1,900
B) 2,200
C) 2,470
D) 2,070
 8) Retailer marks up his goods up by 150% and offers 40% discount .What will be the
selling price if the cost price is 800?
A) 1200
B) 1100
C) 1000
D) 1400

9) If the cost price of 12 pens is equal to the selling price of 8 pens, the gain percent is?

A) 12%

B) 30%

C) 50%

B) 30%
ANSWER: C

EXPLANATION:​
​
Let the cost price of 1 pen is Re 1

Cost of 8 pens = Rs.8

Selling price of 8 pens = 12

Gain = 12 - 8 = 4

10) A Shopkeeper sells two articles at Rs.1000 each, making a profit of 20% on the first article
and a loss of 20% on the second article. Find the net Profit or loss that he makes?

A) 4%

B) 5%

C) 6%

D) 8%
 Simple Interest
1.​ Find the simple interest on Rs.500 for 9 months at 6% per month?
A. Rs.345​ ​ B. Rs.270​ C. Rs.275​ D. Rs.324
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
I = (500*9*6)/100 = 270

2.​ A man took a loan from a bank at the rate of 12% p.a. S.I. After 3 years he had to pay Rs.
5400 interest only for the period. The principal amount borrowed by him was?
Rs. 2000​ B. Rs. 10000​ ​ C. Rs. 15000​ ​ D. Rs. 20000
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Principal = (100 * 5400) / (12 * 3) = Rs. 15000

3.​ What is the rate percent when the simple interest on Rs.800 to get Rs.160 as interest in 4
Years?
A. 5%​ B. 6%​ ​ C. 4 1/2%​ D. 3 1/2 %
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
160 = (180*4*R)/100
R = 5%

4.​ Reena took a loan of Rs. 1200 with simple interest for as many years as the rate of
interest. If she paid Rs. 432 as interest at the end of the loan period, what was the rate of
interest?
A. 3.6​ ​ B. 6​ ​ C. 18​ ​ D. Cannot be determined
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Let rate = R% and time = R years.
Then, (1200 * R * R) / 100 = 432
12R2 = 432
R2 = 36 => R = 6.​

Doubles or Triples:
5.​ In how many years will a sum of money double itself at 5% per annum on simple
interest?
A. 22 years​ B. 20 years​ C. 21 years​ D. 29 years
Answer: Option B
Let the sum be 100
Doubling sum means earning interest of 100
Then Number years to earn 100 at 5% interest rate=100/5=20 year
6.​ A certain sum of money doubles itself in 10 years in how many years will it tribles itself
at the same rate?

A. 20 years​ B. 15 years​ C. 30 years​ D. 17 1/2 years

Let P=100, A=200,It means I=100

Now We want A=300,means I=200

Years for I of Rs. 100 =10

Years for I of Rs. 200=(10/100)*200

=20 Years

7.​ A sum of money at simple interest amounts to Rs. 850 in 3 years and to Rs. 900 in 4
years. What is the sum?
Amount accumulated in 4 years=900
Amount accumulated in 3 years=850
Therefore interest in 1 year=(900–850)=50
So I got 150 interest after 3 years and 200 after 4 years.
Amount =Principal+Interest
850=Principal+150
So principal=850–150=700
8.​ the second at 5%, the whole annual interest from both the investments is Rs.144, how
much was put at 3%?
Rs.2500​ B. Rs.2700​ C. Rs.2800​ D. Rs.5000
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
(x*3*1)/100 + [(4000 - x)*5*1]/100 = 144
3x/100 + 200 – 5x/100 = 144
2x/100 = 56  x = 2800

9.​ The equal amounts of money are deposited in two banks each at 15% per annum for 3.5
years and 5 years respectively. If the difference between their interests is Rs.144, find
each sum?
A. Rs.3467​ B. Rs.640​ C. Rs.500​ D. None
Difference = 5 – 3.5 = 1.5
Interest = 144/1.5 = 96
15 % -- 96
100%-- ?
i.e., 640.
10.​Two equal amounts of money were deposited in two banks, each at 10% per annum, 4
years and 5 years respectively. If the difference between the interest is Rs 144, what is
each sum?
Years = 5 – 4 = 1 yr
1 yr = 144 -- 10%
?----- 100%
i.e. 1440.
11.​A sum of Rs.2600 is lent in two parts so that the interest on the first part for a period of 3
years at 5% may be equal to the interest on the second part for 6 years at 4%. The second
part is equal to
Let the amount lent at 4% interest be Rs.x and at 5% interest be Rs.(2600−x)
According to the question,
100(2600−x)×5×3​=100x×4×6​
(2600−x)5=8x
2600×5−5x=8x
2600×5=13x⇒x=1000
Hence, the sum lent at 4% is Rs.1000.
12.​Nitin borrowed some money at the rate of 6% p.a. for the first three years, 9% p.a. for the
next five years and 13% p.a. for the period beyond eight years. If the total interest paid by
him at the end of eleven years is Rs. 8160, how much money did he borrow?
Rs. 8000​ B. Rs. 10000​ ​ C. Rs. 12000​ ​ D. Data inadequate
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Let the sum be Rs. x. Then,
[(x * 6 * 3)/100] + [(x * 9 * 5)/100] + [(x * 13 * 3)/100] = 8160
18x + 45 x + 39x = (8160 * 100)
020102x = 816000 => x = 8000.

13.​Rs.800 amounts to Rs.920 in 3 years at simple interest. If the interest is increased by 3%,
it would amount to how much?
Rs.1056​ B. Rs.1112​ ​ C. Rs.1182​ ​ D. Rs.992
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
(800*3*3)/100 = 72
920 + 72 = 992
14.​What amount does Kiran get if he invests Rs. 18000 at 15% p.a. simple interest for four
years?

Rs. 24800​ B. Rs. 28400​ ​ C. Rs. 24400​ ​ D. Rs. 28800

Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Simple interest = (18000 * 4 * 15)/100 = Rs. 10800
Amount = P + I = 18000 + 10800 = Rs. 28800

15.​Rs. 800 becomes Rs. 956 in 3 years at a rate of S.I. If the rate of interest is increased by
4%, what amount will Rs. 800 become in 3 years?
Rs. 1020.80​ B. Rs. 1025​ C. Rs. 1052​ D. None of these
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
S.I. = (956 - 800) = Rs. 156.
Rate = (100 * 156) / (800 * 3) = 6 1/2 %
Now rate = (6 1/2 + 4) = 10 1/2 %
New S.I. = (800 * 21/2 * 3/100) = Rs. 252
New amount = (800 + 252) = Rs. 1052.

Finding Time Period:

16.​In what time will Rs.4000 lent at 3% per annum on simple interest earn as much interest
as Rs.5000 will earn in 5 years at 4% per annum on simple interest?
A. 8 1/3 years​ B. 9 years​ C. 7 1/2 years​ ​ D. 7 1/3 years
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
(4000*3*N)/100 = (5000*5*4)/100
N= 8 1/3

17.​A certain sum becomes Rs. 20720 in four years and 24080 in six years at simple interest.
Find sum and rate of interest?
Explanation:
Let the interest for one year be x.
As amount = Principal + Interest, we have
P + 4x = 20720 --- (1) ; P + 6x = 24080 --- (2)
Solving the equations (1) and (2), we can get
P = Rs. 14000 and x = Rs. 1680
Interest for one year on Rs. 14000 is Rs. 1680
So, R = (100 * 1680)/(14000 * 1) = 12% p.a.

A part of a certain sum of money is invested at 9% per annum and the rest at 12% per
annum, if the interest earned in each case for the same period is equal, then ratio of the
sums invested is?
Explanation:12:9 =4:3
 Compound Interest
Finding Rate of Interest
1)​ Find the compound interest and the amount on Rs.8000 at 5% per annum for 3 years
when C.I is reckoned yearly?
Rs.1261​ B. Rs.1440​ C. Rs.1185​ D. Rs.1346
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
A = 8000(21/20)3
= 9261
= 8000
---------
1261

2)​ What amount does Kiran get if he invests Rs.8000 at 10% p.a. compound interest for two
years, compounding done annually?
Rs.9630​ B. Rs.9680​ C. Rs.9610​ D. Rs.9650
1​ ​ 2​ ​ 1
8000​ ​ 800​ ​ 80
8000​ +​ 1600​ +​ 80 = 9680

3)​ Find C.I. on Rs. 3000 at 10 % per annum for 2 years?

1​ 2​ 1
3000​ 300​ 30
600 +​ 30 = 630

4)​ Find C.I. on Rs. 80000 at 10% per annum for 1 ½ years, if it is compounded half –
Yearly.
R = 10/2 = 5 %
N=1½*2=3
Applying Pascal’s Triangle,
1​ ​ 3​ ​ 3​ ​ 1
80000​ ​ 4000​ ​ 200​ ​ 10
12000​ +​ 600​ +​ 10 = 12610.
5)​ Find C.I. on Rs. 6000 at 20 % per annum for 6 months compounded quarterly.
R = 20/4 = 5 %
N = 6*4 = 24 months = 2 years
1​ ​ 2​ ​ 1
6000​ ​ 300​ 15​
600​ +​ 15 = 615
​ ​
6)​ Find the C.I. on a sum of Rs.16000 for 9 months at 20% per annum, interest being
compounded quarterly?
Rs.17684​ B. Rs.1684​ C. Rs.2522​ D. Rs.3408
R = 20/4 = 5 %
N = 9* 4 = 36 months = 3 years
1​ ​ 3​ ​ 3​ ​ 1
16000​ ​ 800​ ​ 40​ ​ 2
2400​ +​ 120​ +​ 2​ = 2522

7)​ Simple interest on a sum at 4% per annum for 2 years is Rs.80. The C.I. on the same sum
for the same period is?
A.​ Rs.81.60​ B. Rs.160​ C. Rs.1081.60​​ D. Rs.99
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
SI = 40 + 40
CI = 40 + 40 + 1.6 = 81.6

8)​ At the end of three years what will be the compound interest at the rate of 10% p.a. on an
amount of Rs.20000?
1​ ​ 3​ ​ 3​ ​ 1
20000​ ​ 2000​ ​ 200​ ​ 20
6000​ +​ 600​ +​ 20 = 6620

To find Amount:
9)​ If Rs.7500 are borrowed at C.I at the rate of 4% per annum, then after 2 years the amount
to be paid is?
Rs.8082​ B. Rs.7800​ C. Rs.8100​ D. Rs.8112
 1​ 2​ 1
7500​ 300​ 12
7500 + 600 + 12 = 8112.

10)​Find the amount of Rs.5000 in 2 years, the rate of interest being 4% per first year and 5%
for the second year?
Rs.4600​ B. Rs.5640​ ​ C. Rs.5460​ D. Rs.5604

Answer: Option C
Explanation:
5000​04/100 * 105/100  5460

Finding Duration:

11)​Rs.8000 becomes Rs.9261 in a certain interval of time at the rate of 5% per annum of C.I.
Find the time?
4 years​​ B. 6 years​ C. 2 years​ D. 3 years
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
9261 = 8000(21/20)N
(21/20)3 = (21/20)N => N = 3

12)​The compound interest on Rs.30000 at 7% per annum is Rs.4347. The period is

A) 2 years​ B) 2.5 years
C) 3 years​ D) 4 years
Amount = Rs.(30000+4347) = Rs.34347
let the time be n years
Then,30000(1+7/100)^n = 34347
(107/100)^n = 34347/30000 = 11449/10000 = (107/100)^2
n = 2 years

13)​In what time will Rs. 1000 become Rs. 1331 at 10% per annum compounded annually?

A) 1years B) 2years

C) 3years D) 4 years

Principal = Rs. 1000; Amount = Rs. 1331; Rate = 10% p.a. Let the time be n years. Then,​
[ 1000 (1+ (10/100))^n ] = 1331 or (11/10)^n = (1331/1000) = (11/10)^3​
n = 3 years
 Finding Rate of Interest:
14)​The C.I. on a certain sum for 2 years Rs.41 and the simple interest is Rs.40. What is the
rate percent?
4%​ ​ B. 5%​ ​ C. 6%​ ​ D. 8%
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
SI = 20 + 20
CI = 20 + 21
20 ---- 1
100 ---- ? => 5%

15)​A sum of money deposited at C.I. amounts to Rs.2420 in 2 years and to Rs.2662 in 3
years. Find the rate percent?
15%​ ​ B. 10%​ C. 7 1/2 %​ ​ D. 8%
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
2420 242
100 ? = 10%

16)​Raj invested an amount of Rs.17400 for two years. Find the rate of compound interest
that will fetch him an amount of Rs.1783.50 at the end of two years?
8% p.a.​ B. 6% p.a.​ ​ C. 4% p.a.​ D. 5% p.a.
1783.50/2 = 891.75 = 892
ROI = 892/17400 * 100 = 5.12 = 5 %

17)​Compound interest earned on a sum for the second and the third years are Rs.1200 and
Rs.1440 respectively. Find the rate of interest?
18% p.a.​ B. 22% p.a.​ C. 20% p.a​ .D. 24% p.a.
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Rs.1440 - 1200 = Rs.240 is the interest on Rs.1200 f​or one year.
Rate of interest = 240 / 1200 * 100 = 20% p.a

18)​What sum of money put at C.I amounts in 2 years to Rs.8820 and in 3 years to Rs.9261?
Rs.8000​ B. Rs.8400​ C. Rs.7500​ D. None
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
8820 ---- 441
 100 ---- ?  5%
P*(21/20)^2 = 8820
P=8820* (400/441)
P=> 8000

Twice or Thrice
19)​A sum of money placed at compound interest doubles itself in 4 years. In how many
years will it amount to eight times itself?
16​ B. 8​ C. 12​ D. 20
Trick: Time= (2) ^ 3=4​
There for 3*4=12 years
2 times ---------- 4​
8times (2^3)----- 4*3
(Or)
100------->200 in 4 years​
200------->400 in again 4 years then,​
400------->800 in 4 years again, thus​
the time becomes= 4+4+4= 12 years.​

20)​The sum of money at compound interest amounts to thrice itself in 3 years. In how many
years will it be 9 times itself?
18​ ​ B. 12​ ​ C. 9​ ​ D. 6

Let, 100 be the amount.

100...........300.............3 years
100...........900.............+ 3 years
So, Total Time = 3 + 3 = 6 years.

Finding sum

21)​ A sum of money lent at compound interest for 2 years at 20% per annum would fetch
Rs.482 more, if the interest was payable half yearly than if it was payable annually . The
sum is

A) 10000​ B) 20000

C) 40000​ D) 50000

Effective interest in first case :

 = 20+20+(20x20)/100 = 44%

Effective interest in second case :

= 21+21+(21x21)/100 = 46.41%

Given (46.41 - 44)% of principle = 482

Principle = 482/2.41 x 100 = Rs 20000

(Or)

Explanation:

P(11/10)4 - P(6/5)2 = 482

P = 2000

22)​ How much more would Rs.20000 fetch, after two years, if it is put at 20% p.a. compound
interest payable half yearly than if it is put at 20% p.a. compound interest payable yearly?

Rs.482​​ B. Rs.424​ ​ C. Rs.842​ ​ D. Rs.512

Answer: Option A
Explanation:
20000(11/10)4 - 20000(6/5)2 = 48

A certain sum amounts to Rs. 8000 in 2 years and to Rs. 10000 in 3 years. Find the sum
 Difference Between
23)​The difference between simple interest and C.I. at the same rate for Rs.5000 for 2 years at
Rs.72. The rate of interest is?
10%​ ​ B. 12%​ ​ C. 6%​ ​ D. 8%
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
5000 = 72(100/R)2
5 R2 = 720 => R = 12

24)​The difference between the compound interest compounded annually and simple interest
for 2 years at 20% per annum is Rs.144. Find the principal?
Rs.3000​ B. Rs.3300​ C. Rs.3600​ D. Rs.3900
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
P = 144(100/5)2
P = 3600
25)​The difference between compound and simple interest on a certain sum of money for 3
years at 6 2/3% p.a is Rs.184. Find the sum?
Rs.12000​ B. Rs.14200​ ​ C. Rs.17520​ ​ D. Rs.13500
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
P = (184*106) / [6 2/3 * 6 2/3 *(300*6 2/3)]
P = 13500
26)​A man lent Rs. 4500 at 30% compound interest per annum for 3 years. What is the
difference between the interest earned by the man in the 2nd year only and the interest
earned by the man in the 3rd year only?
A. Rs. 545.5​ ​ B. Rs. 502​ ​ C. Rs. 526.5 ​ ​ D. Rs. 532

27)​A man saves Rs.20,000 at the beginning of each year and puts the money in a bank that
pays 10% interest per year, interest being compounded annually. What would be the total
savings of the man at the end of 6 years?

A. Rs. 196840 ​ B. Rs. 169840 ​ C. Rs. 169840​​ D. Rs. 199480

28)​Dhiru Bhai deposited a certain amount of money at C.I. for 3 years at the rate of 10% per
annum. The difference between the amount accumulated after 3 years and the amount
accumulated after 2 years is Rs. 968. If the same amount is deposited at S.I. at the rate of
x% per annum for 5 years and the simple interest obtained by Dhiru Bhai is Rs. 3200,
then find the value of ‘x’.
A. 7.5 ​​ B. 7 ​ ​ C. 8 ​ ​ D. 8.5 ​​ E. 5

29)​A bank lent Rs. X to a farmer at 50/3% p.a for 1 year73 days. How much Compound
interest the farmer had to pay if the Simple interest for the first year is Rs. 3000? The
 values of Compound Interest and Sum lent are given in the options; choose the option
which correctly states the above question.

A. Rs. 6300, Rs. 36000​ ​ B. Rs. 3700, Rs. 18000 ​ ​ ​ ​

C. Rs. 5800, Rs. 18000 ​ ​ D. Rs. 5400, Rs. 18000​ ​ ​ ​
E. Rs. 3700, Rs. 12000

30)​ Shyam deposited Rs. 80000 in a bank which pays 10% compound interest for 2 years.
Then after 2 years, he started a business with amount (sum + interest) along with Ram,
with capital of Rs. 60,000. Shyam invested for 6 months and left. Ram invested for the
whole year. What will be the ratio of their profits at the end of the year?

A. 150 : 221 ​ ​ B. 121 : 150 ​ ​ C. 121 : 130​ ​ D. 130 : 121 ​ ​

E. 155 : 101
31)​ A man takes a loan of Rs 216000 from a bank, to be returned in three years at a rate of
16.67% p.a. compound interest. The man returns Rs 84000 and Rs 58000 after first and
second year. How much money will he have to return after the third year to settle the
loan?

A. Rs. 161000 ​ B. Rs. 138000​​ C. Rs. 152000 ​ D. Rs. 175000 ​

E. None of these
32)​ Aman gives Rs. 500000 to Bhuvan at 12% p.a. compound interest for two years. Bhuvan
gives 80% of the money received from Aman to Chetan at 20% p.a. interest, compounded
half yearly for two years. Two years later he receives his due amount from Chetan and
gives Aman his due amount. What is the amount left with Bhuvan?

A. Rs. 52980 ​ ​ B. Rs. 58440 ​ ​ C. Rs. 67880 ​ ​ D. Rs. 62780 ​ ​

E. Rs. 54670

33)​ Rs. X is required to earn a monthly interest of Rs. 400 at 10% per annum at simple
interest. Rs. Y is required to earn the same interest as X when compounded semi-annually
at 10% pa. Find the difference between X and Y.
 A. 1170.74 ​ ​ B. 1331.26 ​ ​ C. 928.34 ​ ​ D. 979.66​ ​
E. None of these

34)​ Sumit borrows Rs. 15000 at 10% compound interest. At the end of each year he pay
back Rs.3000. How much amount should he pay at the end of the third year to clear his
debt?

A. Rs. 14030​ ​ B. Rs. 14005​ ​ C. Rs. 12050 ​​ D. Rs 13035 ​ ​

E. Rs. 12035

35)​ A invested some money at r% which grows to 676/441 times when invested for two
years in a scheme where interest is compounded annually, how long will the same sum of
 money take to triple itself if invested at ‘r/100’% rate of interest in a scheme where the
interest is computed using the simple interest method.

A. 120 years ​ ​ B. 840 years ​ ​ C. 105 years​ ​ D. 720 years ​ ​

E. None of these

36)​ Sunil lent some amount to Poonam for 3 years at the rate of 20% per annum simple
interest and the equal amount to Sabnam for 2 years at the rate of 25% per annum
compound interest compounded annually. At the end of time duration, the amount
received from Poonam was Rs. 5625 more than that from Sabnam. How much money did
he lend to each?

A. Rs. 2,00,000​ B. Rs. 1,00,000 ​ C. Rs. 2,50,000​ D. Rs. 1,50,000 ​

E. None of these
37)​ A man deposited a certain amount of money on compound interest for 3 years at the rate
of 10% per annum. The difference between the amount accumulated after 3 years and the
amount accumulated after 2 years is Rs. 968. If the same principal amount is deposited at
simple interest at the rate of x% per annum for 5 years, then find the value of ‘x’, if the
simple interest obtained by man is Rs. 3200.

A. 7.5 ​​ B. 7 ​ ​ C. 8​ ​ D. 8.5 ​ E. 5

38)​ Two friends Pratik and Sameer have some amount of money in the ratio 14 : 9. Pratik
puts his money at compound interest of 12.5% p.a for three years, while Sameer lends his
money at simple interest for three years at the rate 20% p.a. If the interest earned by
Pratik is Rs. 7595, what is the total amount earned by Sameer after three years?

A. Rs. 19442 ​ ​ B. Rs. 18432 ​ ​ C. Rs. 17986 ​ ​ D. Rs. 18562​ ​

E. None of these

39)​ Aman takes Rs 62,500 from a bank at simple interest at the rate of 8% per annum. After
1 year he returns 25% of the amount and after another year he returns 33.33% of the
amount. What is the total amount to be returned after 3rd year to clear the loan?
 A. Rs. 39236 ​​ B. Rs. 38352 ​ ​ C. Rs. 42960 ​ ​ D. Rs. 39366 ​ ​
E. None of these

40)​ The compound interest earned after three years and that earned after two years on a
certain sum of money, differ by Rs 5880. What is the principal sum of money if the rate
of interest is 16.67% p.a?

A. Rs. 27432 ​ ​ B. Rs. 25920 ​ ​ C. Rs. 26780 ​ ​ D. Rs. 29870 ​ ​

E. None of these
41)​ Compound interest on a certain sum at the rate of 12% per annum after 2 years is
Rs.142464. Find the simple interest on that sum at the rate of 15% per annum for 7 years.

A. Rs. 588000 ​ B. Rs. 568000 ​ C. Rs. 586000​​ D. Rs. 566000​

E. None of these

Find the difference between compound interest and simple interest on a sum of Rs.48000 at the
rate of 15% per annum for three years.

A. Rs. 3200​ ​ B. Rs. 3204 ​ ​ C. Rs. 3402​ ​ D. Rs. 3202 ​ ​

E. None of these

42)​ A man deposited Rs. 40,000 in a bank at 10% per annum, compounded annually for two
years. He wanted to keep the amount deposited at the end of the two years, but there was
a new law in place that for any amount in the account that date onwards, any annual
interest greater than Rs.2,500 would be taxed. Also, the rate of interest was reduced to
8% per annum. What amount should he remove from his account to ensure that he just
avoids paying the tax? Assume that his account had zero balance before he deposited Rs.
40,000.

A. Rs. 31,250​ ​ B. Rs. 24,000 ​ C. Rs. 21,684​ ​ D. Rs. 18,050​​

E. Rs. 17,150

43)​ Kishan borrowed a certain sum from the bank. The bank charges a simple interest of 10
% per annum. Kishan later realized that he no longer needs the entire money. So he lent
60 percent of the borrowed sum to Vikas at the rate of 20% per annum compounded
annually. At the end of 3 years, Vikas paid him a sum of Rs. 1555200. How much
 amount(in Rs.) will Kishan pay to the bank if he repays the entire loan at the end of 4
years?

A. 2400000 ​ ​ B. 2700000 ​ ​ C. 2100000​ ​ D. 2500000 ​ ​

E. 2000000

44)​ Three friends, Anil, Bipin, and Chandu invested some money at the rate of interest 10%
per annum, 12.5% per annum, and 20% per annum simple interest respectively. If the
total interest accrued at the end of 2 years was Rs. 4200 and the amount invested by Anil
was 150% of the amount invested by Bipin and the amount invested by Chandu is 25%
more than the amount invested by Bipin. Find the difference between the amount
invested by Anil and Chandu?

A. Rs. 1000 ​ ​ B. Rs. 1500 ​ ​ C. Rs. 1800​ ​ D. Rs. 1250 ​ ​

E. None of these

45)​Riya borrows Rs. 8000 from a bank at (12)1/2 % p.a. compound interest. At the end of
every year, she pays Rs. 3000 as part of repayment of loan and interest. How much she
still owe to the bank after paying three such installments ?

A. Rs. 1218.75​ B. Rs. 1465.50​ C. Rs. 1300 ​ ​ D. Rs. 1150 ​ ​

E. Rs. 1450

46)​ A father gives Rs. 90000 to his son. The son purchases a TV, Phone and a bike for Rs.
15000, Rs. 13000 and Rs. 35000 respectively and puts the remaining money in a scheme
that pays C.I. at 15% per annum. Find the total percentage change in amount received by
him initially, if after two years, he sells off all the items at 80% of the purchase price and
also withdraws his money from the scheme.
 A. 6.25% decrease ​ B. 8.54% increase ​ C. 4.32% decrease ​ D. 5.48% increase​
E. None of these

47)​ Amritansh invested Rs. 45000 in a scheme offering 10% compound interest for 3 years.
Arun invested Rs. ‘x’ less than Amritansh in another scheme offering 12% simple interest
for 3 years. Find the value of ‘x’ if the interest earned by Amritansh is Rs. 315 more than
the interest earned by Arun.

A. 3500​ B. 4500 ​ C. 7500 ​ D. 6000​ E. 4000

48)​ The compound interest accrued on an amount in two years is Rs. 26096 less than the
amount. The difference between the compound interest and the simple interest accrued on
the same amount but at half the rate of interest in two years is Rs. _____ and the amount
is Rs. 35000.
​
A. 114​​ B. 132 ​ C. 126 ​ D. 144 ​ E. None of these

49)​ Prabhas had Rs.190000 with him for the Diwali shopping. He purchases a laptop, an
iPhone and a bike for Rs. 45000, Rs. 60000 and Rs. 50000 respectively and puts the
remaining money in a bank deposit that pays CI at 12% per annum. After two years, he
sells off all the items at 90% of the original price and also withdraws his entire money
from the bank by closing the account. Find the total percentage change in the asset.

A. – 4.5%​ B. +3.47%​ C. – 4.32%​ D. – 3.47%​ E. No Change

 TIME AND WORK

1.A can complete the work in 50 days.B can complete the work in 150 days .In how many days
A and B together can complete the work?
Sol :

Persons Days Total work (units) Efficiency (units/day)

A 50 150
=3
50
LCM (50,150) =
150
B 150 150
=1
150

A+B 3+1 = 4
​
150
∴ Time taken by A, B = 4
= 37. 5 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠

2. P and Q together can complete a work in 14 days.If Q alone finished the same work in 42
days.How many days P alone can finish the same work?
Sol :

Persons Days Total work (units) Efficiency (units/day)

P+Q 14 42
=3
14
LCM (14,42) = 42
Q 42 42
=1
42

P 3-1=2
​
42
∴ Time taken by B = 2
= 21 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠

3. A can complete a work in 10 days and B in 15 days starting with A, they work on
alternate days. The total work will be completed in how many days?
Sol :

Persons Days Total work (units) Efficiency (units/day)

A 10 30
=3
10
LCM (10,15) = 30
B 15 30
=2
15
(i) the work is started by A.
Then,
B and A’s 2 days work = A+B = 5 units.​
∴ Time taken by A and B to complete 30 units= 2 * 6 = 12 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠

4. A completes a piece of work in 18 days.B works thrice as fast as A.Then how many days
both A and B can together complete the same work?
Sol :
A and B’s efficiency ratio is 1 : 3.
and their time taken ratio is 3 : 1.
Then,
3 parts = 18 days
1 part = 6 days

Persons Days Total work (units) Efficiency (units/day)

A 18 18
=1
18
LCM (18,6) = 18
B 6 18
=3
6

A+B 3+1 = 4
​
18
∴ Time taken by A, B = 4
= 4. 5 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠

Remaining = 20 units
20
Time taken by A to complete the remaining = 2
= 10 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
∴ Total Time taken = 12 days

5. A can complete a piece of work in 40 days. A worked for 10 days then left the job.
Remaining work was completed by B in 21 days.Then in how many days B alone completes
the work?
Sol :

Persons Days Total work (units) Efficiency (units/day)

A 40 840
= 21
40
LCM (21,40) = 840
B 21
A’s 10 days work = 21*10 = 210 units
Remaining work = 840 - 210 = 630 units
B’s efficiency = 630
21
= 30 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠/𝑑𝑎𝑦
840
∴ Time taken by B alone to complete the work = 30
= 28 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠

6. If 34 men completed 2/5th of a work in 8 days working 9 hours a day. How many more
man should be engaged to finish the rest of the work in 6 days working 9 hours a day ?
Sol :
Let the total number of men be M.
Using chain rule,
34×8×9 𝑀×6×9
(2/5)
= (3/5)
34×8×9×3
𝑀 = 2×6×9
𝑀 = 68 𝑚𝑒𝑛
∴ Number of men needed = 68 - 34 = 34 men

7. 20 women and 6 men can do a piece of work in 8 days and 12 women and 8 men can do
the same piece of work in 12 days, Find the ratio of efficiency of a man to a woman.
Sol :

Persons Days Total work (units) Efficiency (units/day)

6M + 20W 8 24
=3
8
LCM (8,12) = 24
8M + 12W 12 24
=2
12

Then,
6M + 20W = 3 ⇒ 12M + 40W = 6
8M + 12W = 2 ⇒ 24M + 36W = 6 (-)
----------------------
- 12M + 4W = 0
4W = 12M
 𝑀 1
𝑊
= 3
∴ The ratio of efficiency of a man to a woman is, 1 : 3

8. A can do a piece of work in 14 days.B can do the piece of work in 35 days.If they get
Rs.840 for the whole work,how should they divide the money A and B together?
Sol :
A and B’s time taken ratio is 14 : 35
and their efficiency ratio is 35 : 14 ⇒ 5 : 2
∴ A’s part = 57 × 840 = 600 𝑅𝑠.
2
B’s part = 7
× 840 = 240 𝑅𝑠.

8. If 12 men do a work in 80 days, in how many days will 16 men do it?

Sol :
Let the total number of days be M.
Using chain rule,
12×80 𝑀×16
1
= 1
12×80
𝑀= 16
𝑀 = 60 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
∴ Number of days needed = 60 days

9. Q can do a piece of work in 14 days. Q is 50 percent more efficient than P. In how many
days half the work is completed when both are working simultaneously?
Sol :
Q and P’s efficiency ratio is 150 : 100 ⇒ 3 : 2
Q+P’s efficiency = 3+2 = 5 units/day
Q can do a piece of work in 14 days.
Total work = 3*14 = 42 units
The number of days taken to complete half the work = 21
5
= 4 ⅕ 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠

10. A and B together can do a piece of work in 40 days. A having worked for 20 days, B
finishes the remaining work alone in 60 days. In How many days shall B finish the whole
work alone?
Sol :

Persons Days Total work (units) Efficiency

(units/day)
 A+B 40 120
= 3
40
LCM (40,20,60) = 120
A 20

B 60

Let A’s efficiency be, x. and B’s efficiency will be 3-x.

Then,
20𝑥 + 60(3 − 𝑥) = 120​
20𝑥 + 180 − 60 𝑥 = 120
− 40𝑥 = 120 − 180
𝑥 = 1. 5
B’s efficiency = 3 - 1.5 = 1.5 units/day
120
∴ Time taken by B = 1.5
= 80 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠

11.A can finish a work in 18 days, and B can do the same work in half the time taken by A.
Then, working together, what part of the same work can they finish in 3 days?
Sol :
A and B’s efficiency ratio is 1 : 2
A+B’s efficiency = 1+2 = 3 units/day
A can finish a work in 18 days.
Total work = 1*18 = 18 units
working together, Amount of work they finish in 3 days = 3*3 = 9 units
9
Required part = 18
= ½ 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠

12. Ramesh can finish a work in 20 days, Sushil in 25 days. They both work together for 5
days and then Sushil goes away. In how many days will Ramesh complete the remaining
work?
Sol :

Persons Days Total work (units) Efficiency (units/day)

 Ramesh 20 100
=5
20
LCM (20,25) = 100
Sushil 25 100
=4
25

Ramesh + 5+4 = 9
Sushil

Ramesh & Sushil’s 5 days work = 5*9 = 45 units

Remaining work = 100 - 45 = 55 units
55
∴ Time taken by Ramesh to complete the remaining = 5
= 11 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠​

13. If the ratio of speed of doing work of three persons is 1:3:5, what is the ratio of time
taken by these people to do the same amount of work?
Sol :
Let the total work = 1*3*5 = 15 units
15
Time taken by A = 1
= 15 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠​
15
Time taken by B = 3
= 5 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
15
Time taken by C = = 3 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
5
∴ The ratio of time taken by these people to do the same amount of work = 15 : 5 : 3

14. A alone can do a piece of work in 6 days and B alone can do the same job in 12 days. If
they work together, in how many days can they complete the work?
Sol :

Persons Days Total work (units) Efficiency (units/day)

A 6 12
=2
6
LCM (6,12) = 12
B 12 12
=1
12

A+B 1+2 = 3
​
12
∴ Time taken by A, B = 3
= 4 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠

15. A and B can complete a job in 12 days, B and C can complete a job in 15 days, A and C
can complete a job in 20 days. In how many days can B alone complete the same work?
Sol :
 Persons Days Total work (units) Efficiency (units/day)

A+B 12 60
=5
12

LCM (12,15,20) = 60
B+C 15 60
=4
15
​
A+C 20 60
=3
20

A+2B+C (A+B) + (B+C)

=5+4=9

2B (A+2B+C) - (A+C)
=9-3=6

B 3

60
∴ Time taken by B = 3
= 20 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠

16. Janani and Geetha can complete a piece of work in 35 days while Janani can complete
the same work in 60 days. Geetha alone will be able to complete the same work in how
many days .
Sol :

Persons Days Total work (units) Efficiency (units/day)

J+G 35 420
= 12
35
LCM (35,60) = 420
J 60 420
=7
60

G 12 - 7 = 5
​
420
∴ Time taken by B = 5
= 84 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠

17. If 12 men or 20 women can do a piece of work in 54 days, then in how many days can 9
men and 12 women together do the work?
Sol :
12 men or 20 women can do a piece of work in 54 days.
Then, 12 men’s work = 20 women’s work
 20
1 men’s work = 12
women’s work
1 men’s work = 1. 25 women’s work
20
Therefore, 9 men + 12 women = 9* 12 women + 12 women = 27 women
Let the number of days needed be M.
Using chain rule,
20×54 𝑀×27
1
= 1
20×54
𝑀= 27
𝑀 = 40 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠

18. X alone can do a piece of work in 6 days and Y alone in 8 days. X and Y undertook the
work for ₹ 4800. With the help of Z, they completed the work in 3 days. How much is Z’s
share?
Sol :

Persons Days Total work (units) Efficiency

(units/day)

X 6 24
=4
6

LCM (6,8,3) = 24
Y 8 24
=3
8

X+Y+Z 3 24
=8
3

Z (X+Y+Z)-(X+Y)
= 8 - (4+3) = 1

X,Y and Z’s efficiency ratio is 4 : 3 : 1.

1
∴ Z’s part = 8
× 4800 = 600 𝑅𝑠.

19. If 6 men and 8 boys can do a piece of work in 10 days while 26 men and 48 boys can do
the same in 2 days, the time taken by 15 men and 20 boys in doing the same type of work
will be?
Sol :
 Persons Days Total work (units) Efficiency (units/day)

6M +8B 10 10
=1
10
LCM (2,10) = 10
26M + 48B 2 10
=5
2

3M +4B 1
(6M +8B) =
1
2 2

15M + 20B 5(3M +4B) =

5
= 2. 5
2

10
∴ Number of day taken by 15 men and 20 boys to complete the work = 2.5
= 4 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠

20. 39 persons can repair a road in 12 days, working 5 hours a day. In how many days will
30 persons, working 6 hours a day, complete the work?
Sol :
Let the number of days be M.
Using chain rule,
39×5×12 𝑀×30×6
1
= 1
39×5×12
𝑀 = 30×6
𝑀 = 13 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠​

21. A can complete a work in 6 days and B in 18 days starting with A, they work on
alternate days. The total work will be completed in how many days?
Sol :

Persons Days Total work (units) Efficiency (units/day)

A 6 18
=3
6
LCM (6,18) = 18
B 18 18
=1
18

The work is started by A.

Then,
A and B’s 8 days work = A+B+A+B+A+B = 4*4 = 16 units.
A will do the remaining work 2 unit.​
∴ Time taken by A= 23
They will finish the work in, (8+ ⅔) = 8 ⅔ days.
 PIPES AND CISTERNS
To Find Total Time
1.​ Two pipes A and B can fill a cistern in 20 and 30 minutes respectively. If both the taps
are opened together, then find the time taken to fill the cistern?
Lcm of 20,30= 60 lits
A can fill the cistern in 1 minute = 60/20 = 3 lits
B can fill the cistern in 1 minute =60/30= 2 lits
A & B can fill the cistern in 1 minute = 3+2 = 5 lits
A & B together taken to fill = 60/5= 12 Minutes

2.​ A tap can fill a cistern in 8 hours and another can empty it in 16 hours. If both the taps are
opened simultaneously the time (in hours) to fill the tank is
Lcm of 8, 16 = 16 lits
A can fill the cistern in 1 hour = 16/8 =2 lits
B can empty the cistern in 1 hour = 16/16 = 1 lits
A & B can fill the cistern in 1 hour = 2-1 = 1 lits
A & B together taken to fill = 16/16 = 16 hours

3.​ A cistern generally takes 20 minutes to be filled by a pipe, but due to a leak it takes 30
minutes to get filled. Find the time in which the leak alone can empty the cistern filled
with water.
Lcm of 20,30= 60 lits
A can fill the cistern in 1 minute = 60/20 = 3 lits
A & B can fill the cistern in 1 minute =60/30= 2 lits
 B can empty the cistern in 1 minute = 3-2 = 1 lits
B taken to empty = 60/1= 60 Minutes

4.​ A cistern is normally filled in 8 hours , but takes 2 hours longer to fill because of a leak
on its bottom. If the cistern is full, how much time would the cistern be empty?
Lcm of 8, 10 = 40 lits
A can fill the cistern in 1 hour = 40/8 =5 lits
A & B can fill the cistern in 1 hour = 40/10 = 4 lits
B can empty the cistern in 1 hour = 5-4 = 1 lits
B taken to empty = 40/1= 40 hours

5.​ One pipe can fill a tank three times as fast as another pipe. If together the two pipes can
fill the tank in 36 minutes, then the slower pipe alone will be able to fill the tank in:

Faster Pipe can fill the cistern in 1 minute = 3 lits

Slower Pipe can fill the cistern in 1 minute =1 lits
Together Worked 36 minutes it filled = 36*4 =144 lits
Slower Pipe taken to fill = 144/1= 144 Minutes

Remaining Part

6.​ Two pipes A and B can fill a tank in 15 minutes and 20 minutes respectively. Both the
pipes are opened together but after 4 minutes, pipe A is turned off. What is the total time
required to fill the tank?

Lcm of 15,20 = 60 lits

A can fill the cistern in 1 Minute = 60/15 = 4 lits
B can fill the cistern in 1 Minute = 60 / 20 = 3 lits
A & B can fill the cistern in 4 Minute = 4*7 = 28 lits
Remaining Part = 60 - 28 = 32
B taken to fill = 32/3= 10 ⅔ minutes ie 10 minutes 40 Seconds
The total time required to fill the tank = 4 minutes + 10 minutes 40 Seconds

= 14 minutes 40 seconds

7.​ Two pipes A and B can fill a tank in 20 min and 40 min respectively. Pipe C can empty
the tank in 20 min. First A and B are opened. After 7 min, C is also opened . In how
much time, the tank is full?

Lcm of 20,40,20 = 80 lits

 A can fill the cistern in 1 Minute = 80/20 = 4 lits
B can fill the cistern in 1 Minute = 80 / 40 = 2 lits
C can empty the cistern in 1 Minute= 80/20 = 4 lits
A & B can fill the cistern in 7 Minute = 7*6 = 42 lits
Remaining Part = 80-42 =38 lits
Remaining part will be filled = 38/2 = 19 Minutes

The total time required to fill the tank = 19+7= 26 minutes

8.​ Three pipes A, B and C can fill a tank in 6 hrs. After working it together for 2 hrs, C is
closed and A and B can fill the remaining part in 7 hrs. The no. of hours taken by C alone
to fill the tank is?
Part filled in 2 hours = 2 /6 = 1/3

Remaining part = 1−13 = 2 /3

∴ (A + B)'s 7 hour's work = 2/3

(A + B)'s 1 hour's work = 2/21

∴ C's 1 hour's work = {(A + B + C)'s 1 hour's work} - {(A + B's 1 hour's work}
=1/6−2/21=1/14
∴ C alone can fill the tank in 14 hours

9.​ A tap can fill a tank in 4 hours. After half the tank is filled, three more similar taps are
opened. What is the total time taken to fill the tank completely?

Tap can fill a tank in = 4 hours

Concept: Time = remaining capacity/efficiency

Calculation: Let, the capacity of of tank = 4 unit

Efficiency of tank = 14/4 = 1 unit

Half tank capacity = 4/2 = 2

Total capacity of 4 taps = 4 unit/h

4 taps can fill the tank in, ⇒ 2/4 = 1/2 hours.

Total time = 2+.0.30 minutes = 2 hours 30 minutes

10.​A tap can fill a tank in 6 hours. After half the tank is filled, two more similar taps are
opened. What is the total time taken to fill the tank completely?

Tap can fill a tank in = 6 hours

Concept: Time = remaining capacity/efficiency

Calculation: Let, the capacity of of tank =6 unit

Half tank capacity = 3/1 = 3

Total capacity of 3 taps = 3 unit/h

3 taps can fill the tank in, ⇒ 3/3 = 1 hours.

Total time = 3+1 hours = 4 hours

ALTERNATE

11.​Two pipes A and B can fill a tank in 4 hours and 5 hours respectively. If they are opened
on alternate hours and if pipe B is opened first , in how many hours, the tank fill in,

Lcm of 4,5 = 20 lits

A can fill the cistern in 1 hr = 20/4 = 5 lits
B can fill the cistern in 1 hr = 20/5 = 4 lits
A & B can fill the cistern in 2 hours = 9
A & B can fill the cistern in 4 hours = 18
Remaining part = 20-18 = 4
B can fill the remaining part= 2/4 = 30 minutes
Total Time= 4 hours 30 minutes
12.​Two pipes A and B can fill a cistern in 20 minutes and 30 minutes .These pipes are
opened alternately for 1 minute each, beginning with pipe A. In what time will the cistern
be full?

Lcm of 20,30= 60 lits

A can fill the cistern in 1 min = 60/20 = 3 lits
B can fill the cistern in 1 min = 60/30 = 2 lits
A & B can fill the cistern in 2 mins = 5 lits
Total Time= 60/(5/2) = 24 minutes

13.​Three taps A, B and C can fill a tank in 12, 15 and 20 hours respectively. If A is open all
the time and B and C are open for one hour each alternately, the tank will be full is?

Lcm of 12,15,20 = 60 lits

A can fill the cistern in 1 hr = 60/12 = 5 lits
B can fill the cistern in 1 hr = 60/15 = 4 lits
C can fill the cistern in 1 hr = 60/20 = 3 lits
A ,B & C can fill the cistern in 3 hours = 12
Total Time= 60/(12/3) = 15 hours

Capacity of the tank:

14.​Two pipes can fill a tank in 20 and 24 minutes respectively and a waste pipe can empty 3
gallons per minute. All the three pipes working together can fill the tank in 15 minutes.
The capacity of the tank is

Lcm of 20,24,15 = 120 lits

A can fill the cistern in 1 min = 120/20 = 6 lits
B can fill the cistern in 1 min = 120/24 = 5 lits
A ,B & C can fill the cistern in 1 min = 120/15 = 8 lits
C can empty the cistern in 1 min = 11-8= 3 lits
 Total Time taken by C=120/3 =40 minutes
The capacity of the tank =40*3 = 120 gallons

15.​Two pipes A and B can fill a tank in 16 hrs and 12 hrs respectively. The capacity of the
tank is 240 liters. Both the pipes are opened simultaneously and closed after 2 hrs. How
much more water need to fill the tank?

The capacity of the tank is 240 liters.

A can fill the cistern in 1 hr = 240/16 = 15 lits

B can fill the cistern in 1 hr = 240/12 = 20 lits

A & can fill the cistern in 2 hr = 2*35 = 70 lits

water need to fill the tank= 240-70 = 170 lits

16.​A cistern has a leak which would empty the cistern in 20 minutes. A tap is turned on
which admits 4 liters a minute into the cistern, and it is emptied in 24 minutes. How
many liters does the cistern hold ?

first it get leaks over 20 minutes

second it get leaks over 24 minutes,

in this time some amount of water will be there through which whole tank will be filled

Lcm of 20,24 = 120

4 liters per minute 120*4=480

 DATA INTERPRETATION

BAR CHART
1.​ Directions: Study the following graph carefully & answer the questions given below it.

Imports of 3 companies over the years (in Rs. Crores)

a. Imports by company ‘C’ in 1997 is how many more than the average imports by all companies
in the same year?
Average of all companies in the year 1997

=​ (40 + 65 + 75)​/3 = 60
= 75 - 60 = 15.

b. In which of the following years, the imports made by company 'A' was exactly equal to the
average import made by it over the given years?

Average of company 'A' over the years

= (30 + 50 + 60 + 40 + 70 + 60 + 75)/7
= ​ 385 /7​ = 55
None of years of company 'A' has imports 55.

c. What was the percentage increase in imports by company ‘B’ from 1995 to 1999?

= ​ (80 - 40 )/40​ × 100 = 100%

d. In which of the following years was the imports made by company ‘A’ exactly half of the total
imports made by company ‘B’ and ‘C’ together in that year?
Total import of company B & C together in different years input of company ‘A’

In The year 1995 import of company A is the half of import of company B & C.

e. In which of the following years was the total imports made by all the three companies together
the maximum?

In the year 1998 the total imports made by all those three companies together reached the max.

2.​ Directions: Study the following graph carefully & answer the questions given below it.
 Production of Steel (in lakh tonnes) by different companies
for three consecutive years 2000, 2001, 2002

a. Minimum production and maximum production of how many companies is in the ratio 2 : 3?​
he ratio of minimum production to maximum production in different companies are as follows:

Comp.​Min Max Ratio

A →​ 40 : 60 ⇒ 2 : 3
B →​ 40 : 70 ⇒ 4 : 7
C →​ 30 : 40 ⇒ 6 : 7
D →​ 40 : 80 ⇒ 4 : 7
E →​ 50 : 90 ⇒ 8 : 9
F →​ 30 : 45 ⇒ 2 : 3
Only twice minimum production and maximum production have the ratio of 2 : 3.

b. What is the difference of average production of 2001 & 2002 in lakh tonnes?
Average production in the year 2001 – Average production in the year 2002 –
⇒ (60 + 60 + 40 + 80 + 50 + 40) / 6 - (40 + 70 + 35 + 70 + 90 + 45) /6
⇒ 330/6 - 350 /6
⇒ 20/6 = 3.3

c. Total production of A type company is what percentage of total production of E type

company?
Total production of A type company ⇒ 50 + 60 + 40 ⇒ 150
Total production of E type company ⇒ 80 + 50 + 90 ⇒ 220
According to question
150/220 × 100 ⇒ ​ 750 /11​⇒ 68.18 %

d. Average production of A, D & E is approximately how much percentage of average

production of B, C & F ?
Average production of A, D & E = (150 + 190 + 220) /3​ ⇒ ​ 560 /3
Average production of B, C & F = ( 170 + 105 + 115) /3​ ⇒ ​ 390/3​
According to question = (560/3) / (130 /3)× 100
⇒ ​ 560 x 100 /390
⇒ 143.58% ≈ 144%

e. What is the approximate average of three highest productive (who has maximum production)
companies in lakh tonnes?
Total production -
A → ​ 150
B →​ 170
C →​ 105
D →​ 190
E →​ 220
F →​ 115
Average of three highest production which is clearly of company B, D and E
= (170 + 190 + 220) /3
= 193.34 lakh tonnes

3.​ Directions: Study the following graph carefully & answer the questions given below it.
Value of imports and exports by company over the years (The value are in crore)

a. The value of exports in 1996 was what percent of the average value of imports in the year
1994, 1995 and 1997?
Average value of imports in the year 1994, 1995 and 1997 - (250 + 225 + 275)/3​ =750/3 = 250
Value of exports in 1996 = 450
According to the question = 450/250 × 100 = 180%.

b. The value of exports in 1994 was exactly what percent of the value of imports in the same
year?
value of exports in 1994 = 350/250 × 100 = 140%

c. What was the approximate difference between the value of average exports and the value of
average import of the given years?
Average of imports = (75 + 150 + 250 + 225 + 350 + 275) /6 = ​ 1325/6​
Average of Exports = ​(150 + 200 + 350 + 325 + 450 + 350) / 6 = ​ 1825/6​
Difference = 500/6
= 83.33 ≈ 85.

d. In which of the following years was the difference between the value of exports and the value
of imports exactly Rs. 100 crores?
The difference between the value of export and import in different years are:
1992 ​— ​ 150 – 75​ = 75
1993​ —​ 200 – 150​ = 50
1994​ —​ 350 – 250​ = 100
1995​ —​ 325 – 225​ = 100
1996​ —​ 450 – 350​ = 100
1997​ —​ 350 – 275​ = 75
In the years 1994, 1995 and 1996 the difference between export and import was 100 cr.

e. What was the percentage increase in the value of exports from 1995 to 1996?
Increase in the value of exports = (450 – 325) /325 × 100 = 38.46%

LINE GRAPH
1.​ Directions: Study the following graph to answer these questions.
Given a line graph showing the number of students passed in Higher Secondary
Examination in a school over the years from 2008 to 2013.
 a. The average of passed students in the years 2008, 2009, 2012 approximately is:
​
Average passed students = ​ (110 + 138 + 156) /3 = 134.67.

b. The increase in percentage of passed students from 2008 to 2011 approximately is:

Passed students of the year 2008 = 110

Passed students of the year 2011 = 170
∴ Reqd. % = ​170 – 110 /110​ × 100
= 60/110 × 100 = 54.5%

c. The decrease in percentage of passed students from 2011 to 2012 approximately:

​ Passed students of the year 2011 = 170
Passed students of the year 2012 = 156

∴ Reqd. % = ​ 170 – 156 / 170 × 100

=​ 14/ 170 × 100 = 8.235 ≈ 8.24%.

d. The average of passed students in the all years approximately is:

​ Average passed students = ​ (110 + 138 + 145+170+156+160) /6 = 146.5

e. What was the ratio between passed students in the years 2008 & 2011 was 2010 and
2013?
​ Passed students of the year 2008 & 2011 = 110 + 170 = 280
​ Passed students of the year 2010 & 2013 = 145 + 160= 305
​ ​ = 280: 305
​ ​ = 56:61
2.​ Directions: Study the following graph carefully to answer the questions given below:
Number selected employees in different grades/ ranks by three companies during 2012

a. What is the average number of selected employees by Company A i thisn all grades
taken together?
Average number of selected employees by Company A

= (150 + 300 + 300 + 500 + 650 + 800) / 6 = ​ 2700/ 6 = 450

b. What is the ratio of selected employees for the post of Marketing managers by
Companies A, B and C respectively?
Reqd ratio = 500 : 400 : 550 = 10 : 8 : 11

c. By what percent is the number of selected employees for Finance Managers by

Company C more than that of selected employees by Company B for the same post?
The number of selected employees for Finance Manager by Company C = 250
And the number of selected employees for Finance Manager by Company B = 200
∴ Reqd% = (250 – 200) 200 × 100 = ​ 50/200​ × 100 = 25%

d.What is the average number of selected employees for the post of Assistant Marketing
Managers by All companies taken together?
Read average = ​ 800 + 700 + 600 / 3 = 720
 e. What is the ratio of selected employees for IT managers by all companies taken
together?
Reqd ratio = 300 : 200 : 350 = 30 : 20 : 35 = 6 : 4 : 7

3.​ Directions : Study the following line chart carefully and answer the questions given
beside.
A movie is played in five different theaters after release. The chart represents the total
capacity of each theater, total number of audiences and the number of female audiences
in each theater on the 1st day 1st show after the release of the movie.

a. The total number of male audiences who watched the movie in theater E is what
percentage of the total number of audience who watched the movie in theater E?
The total number of male audiences in theater E = (3015 – 1206) = 1809
Reqd. % = ​ 1809/3015 × 100 = 60%

b. Find the number of seats which has remained vacant in all the five movie theaters
together?

Total number of seats in all the five theaters = 2760 + 3250 + 3480 + 2900 + 3350 =
16100
Total number of persons watched the movie in all = 2484 + 3050 + 3648 + 2697 + 3015
= 14894
Therefore, the number of seats which has remained vacant in all the five movie theatres
together = 16100 – 14894 = 1206

c. What is the difference between the number of males and the number of females who
watched the movie in all the five movie theaters together?
Number of females who watched the movie in all the five theaters together = (1296 +
1600 + 2304 + 1073 + 1206) = 7479
Total number of peoples who watched the movie in all the five theaters together = (2484
+ 3050 + 3648 + 2697 + 3015) = 14894
So, total number of males who watched the movie in all the five theaters together =
(14894 – 7479) = 7415
Therefore, required difference = (7479 – 7415) = 64
d. What is the ratio of the number of males to the number of females who watched the
movie in theater C?

The total number of females who watched the movie in theater C = 2304
So, the total number of males who watched the movie in theater C = (3648 – 2304) =
1344
Required Ratio = 1344 : 2304 = 7 : 12

e. The ratio of the number of audience in the 1st show to the number of audience in the
2nd show in theater A is 23 : 25 respectively. If the ratio of the number of males to the
number of females who have watched the movie in the 2nd show is 4 : 5 respectively
then find the number of males who have watched the movie in the 2nd show in theater
A.?

Let the total number of audience who have watched the movie in the 1st show and the
total number of audience who have watched the movie in the 2nd show in theater A is
23x and 25x, respectively.

So, 23x = 2484 ; x = 108

Therefore, the total number of audience who have watched the movie in the 2nd show in
theater A = 25x =2700

So, the number of males who have watched the movie in the 2nd show in theater A

=​ 4 /9​ × 2700 = 1200

PIE CHART
1.​ Directions: Study the following graph carefully & answer the questions given below it.
The pie chart, given here shows the amount of money spent (in degrees) on various sports
by a school administration in a particular year.

a. If the money spent on football was Rs. 9000, how much more money was spent on
hockey than football?
∵ 45° ≡ 9000 (Expenses on Football )
∴ 100° ≡ x (Expenses on Hockey)
On cross multiplication, we get
 x = ​ 9000 × 100°/ 45° = 20000
∴ Required difference = 20000 – 9000 = 11000.

b. If the money spent on football was Rs. 9000, what amount was spent on cricket?
∵ 45° ≡ 9000 (Expenses on Football)
∴ 160° ≡ x (Expenses on Cricket)
On cross multiplication, we get x = ​9000 × 160° / 45° = 32000

c. If the money spent on football is Rs. 9000, what was the total amount spent on all
sports?
∵ 45° ≡ 9000 (Expenses on Football)
∴ 360° ≡ x (Expenses on All sports)
On cross multiplication, we get x = ​ 9000 × 360°/ 45° = Rs 72000

d. If Rs. 9000 were spent on football then the money spent on Tennis is what % of
money spent on Basketball?
Required % = ​ Expenses on Tennis (in deg) /​Expenses on Basketball (in deg) ×
100%
= ​ 35°/ 20° × 100 = 35 × 5 = 175%

e. If total money spent on all sports is Rs. 5040 then what is the difference between the
money spent on Hockey and Football?
∵ 360° ≡ 5040
∴ (100° – 45°) = 55° ≡ x
On cross multiplication, we get x = ​ 55°/ 360°× 5040 = 770.

2.​ Directions : Study the following pie chart carefully and answer the questions given
beside.
The pie-chart given below shows the total number of children who opted different
courses in summer camp in May 2019. Total Children = 300
 a. Total number of children who opted for Yoga and Painting together is how much less
than the total number of children who opted for Music and Dance together?

Reqd. Difference = ​ {(24 + 16) – (18 + 12)} × 300​/100= 30

b. Find the total number of children who came for the camp in May 2020 if the total
number of children increased by 30% in May 2020 as compared to May 2019?

Total number of children who came for the camp in May 2020= ​ 300 × 130/100 = 390
​
​ c. Find the central angle of the total number of children who opted for dance?
​ ​
Required central angle = 16 × 360/100 = 57.6°

​ d. Find the average number of children who opted for Swimming, Yoga and Music
together?
​
Reqd. average = (13 + 18 + 24) × 300 / 100 × 3 = 55

e. Find the ratio between the total number of children who opted for Computer, Dance
and Yoga together to the total number of children who opted for Swimming, Computer
and Music?
Reqd. ratio = 17 + 16 + 18 = 51 = 1713 + 17 + 245418

Reqd. ratio = ​ 17 + 16 + 18/ ​ = ​ 51 /54​ = ​ 17 /18

​
3.​ Directions: The following questions are based on the pie-charts given below:
Percentage-wise distribution of students studying in Arts and Commerce in seven
different institutions – A, B, C, D, E, F and G
Total number of students in Arts = 3800 Total number of students in Commerce =
4200

a. What is the total number of students studying Arts in Institutes A and G together?
​ Total number of students in Institutes A and G together = 15% + 12% = 27% of
3800
=​ 27 /100 × 3800 = 27 × 38 = 1026.

b. How many students from Institute B study Arts and Commerce?

Number of students studying in Arts Institute B = 8% of 3800

= 3800 × 8/100​ = 304

Number of students studying in Commerce in Institute B = 17% of 4200

= 4200 × 17/100​ = 714

∴ Total number of students = 304 + 714 = 1018.

c. The ratio of the number of students studying Arts to that studying commerce in
Institute E is?

Number of students studying Arts in Institute E = 14% of 3800

= 3800 × 14/100 = 532
Number of students studying Commerce in Institute E = 18% of 4200
= 4200 × 18/100 = 756

∴ Required ratio = 532 : 756 = 19 : 27.

d. The ratio of the number of students studying Arts in Institute E to those studying
commerce in Institute D is?
Number of students studying in Institute E = 532

Number of students studying Commerce in Institute D = 14% of 4200

= 4200 × 14 /100 = 588

∴ Required ratio = 532: 588

= 19 : 21.

e. How many students in institutes B and D together study commerce?

Total number of students studying commerce in Institute B and D together = 17% + 14%
= 31% of 4200

= 4200 × 31 /100
= 1302.
TABLE CHART
1.​ Directions: The following table shows the percentage of marks obtained by six students
in five different subjects. Answer the following questions based on this table.

a. What is the average marks scored by all the students in Physics?

Average marks of all students in Physics
= 1 /6 × 75/100[84% + 68% + 72% + 48% + 70% + 56%]
⇒ 1/6 × 75/100[398] = 49.75

b. What is the total marks scored by Student F in all the subjects together?
Total marks scored by student F in all the subject together =
 = (75 × 56%) + ( 75 × 66%) + ( 200 × 55%) + (50 × 76%) + (150 × 66%)
= (75 × 56)/100 + (75 × 66)/100 + (200 × 55) /100 + (50 × 76) /100 + (150 × 66)/10
= 42 + 49.5 + 110 + 38 + 99 = 338.5

c.What is the overall percentage of marks scored by Student B? (Answer approximate

value.)
Total marks scored = (75 × 68%) + ( 75 × 64%) + ( 200 × 49%) + (50 × 74%) + (150 ×
52%)
⇒ 51 + 48 + 98 + 37 + 78 = 312
Reqd% = ​ 312 /550 × 100 = 56.72 ≈ 57%

d. The marks scored by Student C in physics is approximately what per cent of the marks
scored by him in English?
Total marks scored by Student C in physics = ​ 72/100​ × 75 = 54
Total marks scored by Student C in English = ​ 64 /100 × 150 = 96
Reqd% = ​ 54/96​ × 100 = 56.25 ≈ 56%

e.What is the difference between the total marks obtained by Student D in Chemistry and
English and that obtained by Student F in the same subject?
Reqd difference= (82 – 66)% of 75 + (70 – 66)% of 150
= 16% of 75 + 4% of 150
= 12 + 6 = 18
2.​ Directions: Study the table carefully to answer the questions that follow:
Candidates who appeared and passed in the test from four states in six different years

a. What was the total number of failed candidates from states WB in the year 2014 and
the number of candidates who appeared in the exam from state J&K in the year 2012?
Required answer = (354 – 258) + 235 = 96 + 235 = 331.

b. In which year was the difference between the number of candidates who appeared and
passed in the exam from state MP second lowest?
 Year 2010 ⇒ 445 – 354 = 91, Year 2011 ⇒ 545 – 435 = 110, Year 2012 ⇒ 664 – 454
= 210

Year 2013 ⇒ 345 – 144 = 201, Year 2014 ⇒ 584 – 354 = 230, Year 2015 ⇒ 704 – 347 =
357

c. What was the respective ratio between the number of candidates who appeared from
state WB in the year 2012 and the number of candidates who passed in the exam from
state J&K in the year 2015?
Reqd. ratio = 693 : 252 = 11 : 4.

d. Number of candidates who passed in the exam from state MP in the year 2011 was
approximately what percent of number of candidates who appeared from state UP in the
year 2014?
In year 2011, No. of candidates who passed the exam in MP = 435
In year 2014, No. of candidates who appeared in exam in UP = 546

Reqd. % = 435 /546 × 100 ≈ 80

e. What was the approximate percent increase in the number of candidates who passed in
the exam from state UP in the year 2015 as compared to the previous year?
In year 2015, No. of candidates who passed the exam in UP = 435
In year 2014 (previous year), No. of candidates who passed the exam in UP = 346
Reqd. Increase % = ​ (435 – 346) / 346​ × 100
≈​ 9000/350 ​ ≈ 26%​

3.​ Direction: Study the data carefully and answer the questions given below:

a. What is the total number of male visitors who visited Taj Mahal and India Gate in all
the years?
Total = 1875 + 2832 + 2796 + 3810 + 1098 + 3033 + 2934 + 2280 = 20658

b. What is the difference between the female visitors who visited Taj Mahal, Red Fort and
India Gate in 2014 together and the male visitors who visited Red Fort, Taj Mahal and
India Gate in 2015 together?

Required Difference = (3810 + 3304 + 2280) – (1398 + 2880 + 1956) = 9394 – 6234 =
3160

c. What is the average number of female visitors who visited Taj Mahal and Red Fort in
2012 and 2013 together?
Female visitors who visit Taj Mahal in 2012 = 5250 × 9 /14 ​ = 3375
Female visitors who visit Taj Mahal in 2013 = 6372 × 5 /9 ​ = 3540
Female visitors who visit Red Fort in 2012 = 6560 × 21 /41​ = 3360
Female visitors who visit Red Fort in 2013 = 7398 × 4 /9​ = 3288

Requ Avg = ​ 3375 + 3540 + 3360 + 3288 /4 = 3390.75

d. Find the ratio of male visitors who visited Red Fort in 2012 and 2013 to that of the
female visitors who visited India Gate in the same years?
Male visitors who visit Red Fort in 2012 = 6560 × 20/ 41 = 3200

Male visitors who visit Red Fort in 2013 = 7398 × 5/9 = 4110

Female visitors who visit India Gate in 2012 = 3294 × 2 /3 = 2196

Female visitors who visit India Gate in 2013 = 5392 × ​ 7 /16​ = 2359
Required Ratio = 3200 + 4110 : 2196 + 2359 = 7310 : 4555
= 1462 : 911

e. The number of female visitors who visited India Gate in 2015 is approximately what
percent of the male visitors who visited Red Fort in 2014?
Female visitors who visit India Gate in 2015 = 6080 × 5/8 = 3800

Male visitors who visit Red Fort in 2014 = 5440 × 8 /17 = 2560
Required % = ​3800/2560​ × 100

= 148.43% ≈ 150%
 Coding and Decoding
Code Consists of Meaningful words

1. ​ If 'dust' is called 'air', 'air' is called 'fire', 'fire' is called 'water', 'water' is called 'colour',
'colour' is called 'rain', and 'rain' is called 'dust', then where do fish live ?

2.​ If sky is called sea, sea is called water, water is called air, air is called cloud and cloud is
called river, then what do we drink when thirsty ?

Codes based on English Alphabets

3.​ If AUTHORITY can be written as YTUROHTIA, how can DESIGNATE are written
in that code?

4.​ In a certain code language, MADRAS is coded as NBESBT, how is BOMBAY coded in
that code ?

5.In a certain code, COMPUTER is written as RFUVQNPC. How is MEDICINE written

in the same code ?

6.​ If 'CAMEL' is coded as ECNCJ, then what is the code for 'TIGER'?

7.​ If 'CYCLONE' is coded as ONEMCYC then what is the code for 'TSUNAMI'?

8.​ If 'VEHICLE' is coded as YGIRDNH then what is the code for 'SCOOTER'?

9.​ If 'THEN' is coded as UIDO, 'THUS' is coded as UITT then what is the code for
'WHEN'?

Codes based on Numbers and Symbols

10.​ In a certain code ROSE is written as #43$ and FIRST is written as 5*#37. How is
STORE written in that code?
​
11.If “LESD” is written as “ @ $ & # “ , “NAC” is written as “ % ? * “, how “CANDLES” is
coded in the same way?
​
12.​ If DELHI is coded as 73541 and CALCUTTA as 82589662, how can CALICUT be
coded ?
13.​ If ROSE is coded as 6821, CHAIR is coded as 73456 and PREACH is coded as 961473,
what will be the code for SEARCH ?

14.​ In a certain code language, if the number 1 is assigned to all the letters in odd numbered
places in the alphabet and the remaining letters are assigned the number 2, than what is
The code for the word ‘DANCE’?

Codes based on words

15.​ In a certain code language, if the value of CONTRACT = 56 and ‘GROWTH’ = 30,
then what is the value of DISTRIBUTION?

16.​ In a certain language, TEARS is coded as 18, so how will be WATER coded

17.​ If Z = 52 and ACT = 48, then BAT will be equal to

18.​ If SNOW is coded as 7100, then WALL will be coded as

Coded Sentence

19.​ In a certain code language, (A) ‘pic vic nic’ means ‘winter is cold.’ (B) ‘to nic re’ means
‘summer is hot’. (C) ‘re pic boo’ means 'winter and summer’. (D) ‘vic tho pa’ means
‘nights are cold’. Which word in that language means 'summer' ?
a) nic b) re c) to d) pic

20.​ In a certain code language, '134' means 'good and tasty', '478' means 'see good pictures'
and '729' means 'pictures are faint'. Which of the following digits stands for 'see'?

21.​ In a certain code language, 'col tip mot' means 'singing is appreciable' ; 'mot baj min'
means 'dancing is good' and 'tip nop baj' means 'singing and dancing' , which of the
following means 'good' in that code language ?

22..​ ‘good time to buy’ is written as ‘sy bo nj kw’

‘invest money and time’ is written as ‘sy ta ge mr’.
‘buy good stuff only’ is written as ‘kw bo rd fp’.
‘only work and money’ is written as ‘ta fp mr ux’.
What is the code for “invest time to work” in that code language?
 Permutation

Total Number of Arrangement

1.​ GAME ​ = 4! = 24
2.​ CRYSTAL​ = 7! = 5040
3.​ SYSTEM​ = 6!/2!= 720/2 = 360
4.​ DLETTER​ = 6!/2!*2! = 720/2*2 = 180
5.​ COLLEGE​ = 7!/2!*2! = 5040/2*2 = 1260

Vowels Comes together

1.​ JUDGE ​ = (UE)JDG ​ ​ = 4!*2! = 24 * 2 = 48
2.​ MACHINE​ = (AIE)MCHN​ = 5! * 3!= 120 *6 =720
3.​ SISTER​ = (IE)SSTR​ ​ =5!*2!/2! = 120
4.​ PREPARE​ = ( EAE)PRPR​ = (5!/2!*2! )* (3!/2!)= 30*3 = 90

Some letters Comes together

1.​ CRYSTAL = > YS-always comes together
(YS)CRTAL = 6!*2! = 720*2 ​ =1440
2.​ EDUCATION => UAT -always comes together
(UAT)EDCION = 7!*3! =5040*3​ =15120
3.​ LESSON => EON - always comes together
(EON)LSSO= 5!*3!/2!​ = 120*6/2 = 360
4.​ COLLEGE= > CO - always comes together
( CO) LLEGE =6!*2!/2!*2! =720*2/2*2​ =360

Vowels Never Comes together

Vowels Never Comes together = Total Number of Arrangement - Vowels comes together
1.​ ENGLISH {(EI)NGLSH) } = 7! - 6!*2! = 5040 - 1440 = 3600
2.​ OPTICAL { (OIA)PTCL} = 7! - 5!*3! = 5040 - 360 = 4680
3.​ LEADER { (EAE) LDR} = 6!/2! - 4!*3!/2! = 360 - 72 = 288
4.​ TRAINING { (AII) TRNNG } = 8!/2!*2! - 5!*3! / 2!*2! = 10080-180=9900

NO Two Vowel Comes together

n= number of objects , r = number of objects arranged

1.​ BANKER
 - B-N-K-R-
5P2*4!
N=5 & r= 2
5p2= 5!/(5-2)! = 120/6 = 20
20*24= 480

2.​ COMPUTER
​ -C-M-P-T-R-
6P3*5!
6P3 = 6!/3! = 720/6 = 120
120*120= 14400
3.​ FILLED
-F-L-L-D-
5P2*4!/2!
5P2= 5!/3!= 120/6= 20
20*12 = 240

Vowels in ODD / EVEN places

1.​ DETAIL
DETAIL
12 34 5 6

i) EAI = 3 vowels
No.of odd places = 3( 1,3,5)
Substituting the formula we get = 3P3= 3!/ (3-3)! = 6

ii) Remaining letters = DTL = 3 consonants

Remaining Places = 3( 2,4,6)
Substituting the formula we get = 3P3= 3!/ (3-3)! = 6
Finally answer = 6*6 = 36

2.​ LEADING
LEADING
12 3 4 56 7
i) EAI = 3 vowels
No.of odd places = 4( 1,3,5,7)
Substituting the formula we get = 4P3= 4!/ (3-3)! = 24

ii) Remaining letters = LDNG = 4 consonants

Remaining Places = 4( 2,4,6 & 1 odd place)
 Substituting the formula we get = 4P4= 4!/ (4-4)! = 24
Finally answer = 24*24 = 576

3.​ P O U N D I N G
POUNDING
​ 1 2 3 4 5678
i) OUI = 3 vowels
No.of odd places = 4( 1,3,5,7)
Substituting the formula we get = 4P3= 4!/ (3-3)! = 24

ii) Remaining letters = PNDNG = 5 consonants

Remaining Places = 5( 2,4,6,8 & 1 odd place)
Substituting the formula we get = 5P5= 5!/ (5-5)! = 120 / 2! = 60
Finally answer = 24*60 = 1440

4.​ ‘ALLAHABAD’ - vowels in even places

ALLAHABAD
1 23 4 5 6 7 8 9
i) AAAA = 4 vowels
No.of even places = 4( 2,4,6,8)
Substituting the formula we get = 4P3= 4!/ (3-3)! = 24 /4! = 1

ii) Remaining letters = LLHBD = 5 consonants

Remaining Places = 5( 1,3,5,7,9)
Substituting the formula we get = 5P5= 5!/ (5-5)! = 120 / 2! = 60
Finally answer = 1*60 = 60

Based On Numbers -Repetition Allowed/ Not Allowed

1.​ 1,2,3,4,5,6 - ( 4 digit number - without repetition)
​ 6*5*4*3 =360
2.​ 1,2,3,4,5,6 -( 4 digit number - with repetition)
​ 6*6*6*6 =1296
3.​ 1,0,3,5,4 - ( 4 digit number - without repetition)
4*4*3*2 = 96
4.​ 1,0,3,5,4 - ( 4 digit number - without repetition)
4*5*5*5 =500
5.​ {2,3,5,1,7,9} - 4 digit even number -without repetition

5*4*3*1 =60
 6.​ {2,3,5,1,7,9} - 4 digit even number -with repetition

6*6*6*1= 216

Circular Permutation:

1.​ If 5 persons are to be seated in a circular table, how many different arrangements are
possible?

Circular Arrangement = ( N-1)!

5 persons are to be seated in a circular table= 5-1 = 4! = 24

2.​ If 5 boys & 5 girls are to be seated alternately in a circular table, how many different
arrangements are possible?

Circular Arrangement = ( N-1)!

5 boys are to be seated in a circular table= 5-1 = 4! = 24

5 girls are to be seated in a circular table= 5! = 120

Number of arrangement = 120*24 = 2880

3.​ Find the number of ways in which 5 persons A, B, C, D, E can be seated at a round table
such that C and D must not sit together?

Substituting the value of n as 5 in (n−1)! formula we get,

⇒(5−1)!=4!=4*3*2*1=24

Now, we are going to find the ways in which C and D are sitting together. For that, we are
considering C and D as a one person and we are adding this one person with remaining 3
persons we get,

⇒1+3=4

So, arranging 4 persons at a round table is equal to:

(4−1)!=3!=3.2.1=6

Now, we are going to multiply the internal arrangement of C and D. There are two
possibilities in which C and D can be arranged which are:

CD, DC

So, multiplying 2 by 6 we get,

 ⇒12

Hence, the number of ways in which 5 persons are arranged so that C and D are together
is 12.

Subtracting the arrangement of 5 persons when C and D are together from the
arrangement when in any way 5 persons can sit at a round table we get,

⇒24−12=12

Hence, the number of ways of arranging 5 persons at a round table so that C and D won’t
sit together is 12.

GENERAL QUESTIONS:

1.​ If 4 couples are going to a theater. Their seat numbers are consecutive. In how many
ways can they be seated if the couples are to be seated together?
4 pairs of couples can be arranged in 4!

Each couple can be arranged in 2! Ways.

The possible number of ways = 2! × 2! × 2! × 2!

= (2× 1) × (2 × 1) × (2 × 1) × (2 × 1) × (4 × 3 × 2 × 1)

= 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 24

= 16 × 24

= 384 ways

2.​ There are 10 true-false questions in an examination. Then, these questions can be
answered in how many ways ?
There are true-false questions.

Each question can be answered in two ways i.e. true or false.

Therefore, the total number of ways is

 = 2*2*2*2*2*2*2*2*2*2
= 2^10 = 1024 ways.

3.​ A question paper consists of five problems, each problem having three internal choices.
In how many ways can a candidate attempt one or more problems?
Given that, the question paper consists of five problems.
For each problem, one or two or three or none of the choices can be attempted.
Hence, the required number of ways = 4^5 - 1.
= 2^10 - 1 = 1024 - 1 = 1023

4.​ Find the number of ways in which 5 boys and 3 girls can be arranged in a row so that no
two girls are together?
In order that no two girls are together , we must arrange the 5 boys, each denoted by B, as
under:
XBXBXBXBXBX

Here, B denotes the position of a boy and X that of a girl.

Number of ways in which 5 boys can be arranged at 5 places
5!=(5×4×3×2×1)=120
Number of ways in which 3 girls can be arranged at 6 places (each marked X)
(6×5×4)=120
Hence, by the fundamental principle of multiplication, the required number of ways
`=(120x120)=14400.

5.​ In how many ways can 5 boys and 5 girls sit in a circle so that no two boys sit together?
First we fix the alternate position of the girls. Five girls can be seated around the circle in
(5−1)!=4! ,

5 boys can be seated in five -vacant places by 5!

∴ Required number of ways =4!×5!

= 24*120
=2880

6.​ In how many ways can 4 boys and 5 girls be seated alternately in line?
There can be only one arrangement in which boys and girls can sit.
G-B-G-B-G-B-G-B-G
but position of individual boy and girls can be changed.
So, there are 5 girls and 5 slots for them that means they can be arranged in 5! ways,

Similarly boys have 4 slots, so they can be arranged in 4! ways.

Now, one more thing to consider is that out of 5! arrangements of girls, with each
arrangement boys can be arranged in 4! different positions.
 so to get the total number of boys and girls arrangements together we would need to
multiply the arrangements of both boys and girls.

so the desired answer would be: 5!*4! = 120*24 = 2880 ways.

7.​ A letter lock consists of three rings each marked with 10 different letters. In how many
ways it is possible to make an unsuccessful attempt to open the lock ?
he total number of ways to make attempt to open the lock =
10× 10 × 10 = 1000
The number of ways to successfully open the lock = 1

The number of ways to make an unsuccessful attempt to open the lock = 1000 -1 = 999.
Hence, the required number of ways to make an unsuccessful attempt to open the lock is
999.
 COMBINATION
Basic Problems
1.​ In how many ways 2 boys can select from 8 boys?
8C2 = 8!/ (8-2)!*2! = 8!/ 6!*2!
​ = 8*7/2*1 = 28 ways

2.​ In how many ways a 4 member team selects from 8 boys and 3 girls, which is 3 boys and
1 girl?
=8C3* 3C1
= 8*7*6/1*2*3 * 3/1
= 168 ways

3.​ In how many ways can a 3 member team select from 8 boys and 3 girls, which is either
boys or girls?
= 8C3 + 3C3
= 8*7*6/1*2*3 +1
=48+1 = 49 ways

4.​ In how many ways can we select 4 member teams from 5 boys & 3 girls, at least one girl
should be included?
​ I. 3 boys & 1 girl​ = 5C3 * 3C1 ​ = (5*4*3/1*2*3 ) * (3/1 )= 30
​ II. 2 boys & 2 girls​ =5C2 * 3C2​ = ( 5*4/1*2) * ( 3*2/1*2) = 30
​ III. 1 boy & 3 girls​ = 5C1 * 3C3​ = (5/1) * (1)​ ​ =5
​ Total number of ways = 30+30+5 = 65

5.​ How many ways can this be done, A committee of 5 persons is to be formed from 6 men
and 4 women, at most 2 women are included?
a. 3 men & 2 women​ = 6C3 * 4C2​ =( 6*5*4/1*2*3) * (4*3/1*2) = 120
b. 4 men & 1 woman​ =6c4* 4c1​ = (6*5/1*2) * (4/1)​ ​ = 60
c. 5 men​ ​ ​ = 6c5​ ​ = 6/1​ ​ ​ ​ =6
​ Total Number of ways = 120+60+6​ =186.

6.​ In how many ways can three consonants and two vowels be selected from the letters of
the word ‘TRIANGLE’?
3 Vowels and 5 Consonants
Three consonants and two vowels selection possibilities

= 5 C 3 *3 C 2
​
 =10×3 =30

7.​ A college has 10 basketball players. A 5 member team and a captain will be selected out
of these 10 players.How many different sections can be made?
A team of 6 members has to be selected from the 10 players. This can be done in 10C6 or
210 ways.

Now, the captain can be selected from these 6 players = 6C1 = 6 ways.
Therefore, total ways the selection can be made is 210×6= 1260

8.​ The Indian Cricket team consists of 16 players.It includes 2 wicket keepers and 5
bowlers. In how many ways can a cricket eleven be selected if we have to select 1 wicket
keeper and atleast 4 bowlers?
players =16
Wicket keepers =2 , Bowlers=5 , Remaining = 9
a. 1 wicket keeper , 4 bowlers , 6 other players = 2C1* 5C4* 9C6 = 2×5×84 = 840
b. 1 wicket keeper , 5 bowlers , 5 other players =2C1* 5C5 * 9C5=2×1×126=252
Total Number of selections = 840 + 252 =1092

9.​ If 12 people at a party shake hands once with everyone else in the room. How many
handshakes took place?
12c2= 12*11/1*2 = 66

10.​There are 7 non-collinear points. How many triangles can be drawn by joining these
points?
7C3 = 7*9*5/1*2*3 = 35

11.​Out of 7 consonants and 4 vowels, how many words of 3 consonants and 2 vowels can be
formed?
Number of ways of selecting (3 consonants out of 7) and (2 vowels out of 4) =
(7C3*4C2)
= 210.

Number of groups, each having 3 consonants and 2 vowels = 210.

Each group contains 5 letters.

Number of ways of arranging 5 letters among themselves = 5! = 120

 Required number of ways = (210 x 120) = 25200.

12.​In how many ways, 10 identical chocolates are distributed among 3 children such that
each child gets at least 1 chocolate?
The number of possibilities =(n-1)C(k-1).
in our case, it will be (10-1)C(3-1) = 9C2 = 36

​
PROBABILITY
COINS

1)If three coins are tossed simultaneously, find the probability of getting minimum 2 head at a
time.

(a) 1/2

(b) 3/8

(c) 5/8

(d) 3/4

Answer: Option A

Explanation

2) Three unbiased coins are tossed. What is the probability of getting at most two heads?

Answer: Option D

Explanation
DICE

3) If two dice are rolled simultaneously, find the probability of obtaining the sum (of numbers on
these two dices) which is divisible by 2 or 3 but not by both?

(a) 1/4

(b) 1/2

(c) 1/5

(d) 1/6

Answer: Option B

Explanation

4)A man have two dice, if he rolled both dice, then find the probability that sum of digits will be
5 or 7 ?

(a) 1/18

(b) 1/12

(c) 5/9

(d) 5/18

Answer: Option D
Explanation

5) Three dice are thrown together. Find the probability of getting a total of at least 6?

Answer: Option C

Explanation

6)If two dice and one coin are rolled & tossed simultaneously then find the probability that the
coin shows head and the numbers on the top faces of the dice are not same?

(a) 1/4

(b) 1/6

(c) 1/12

(d) 5/12

Answer: Option D

Explanation
CARDS

7)One card is picked randomly from a pack of 52 playing cards. What is the probability that it
would either be black queen or red king?

(a) 1/13

(b) 5/13

(c) 6/13

(d) 7/13

Answer: Option A

Explanation

8) Two cards are drawn together from a pack of 52 cards. The probability that one is a spade and
one is a heart, is:
Answer: Option D

Explanation

9) One card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards. What is the probability that the card
drawn is a face card (Jack, Queen and King only)?

Answer: Option B

Explanation
BALLS

10) A bag contains 4 white, 5 red and 6 blue balls. Three balls are drawn at random from the bag.
The probability that all of them are red is:

Answer: Option C

Explanation

11) A bag contains 6 black and 8 white balls. One ball is drawn at random. What is the
probability that the ball drawn is white?

a) 3/4

b) 4/7

c) 1/8

d) 3/7

Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Let number of balls = (6 + 8) = 14.

Number of white balls = 8.

P (drawing a white ball) =8/14=4/7

12) A bag contains 4 white, 5 red and 6 blue balls. Three balls are drawn at random from the bag.
The probability that all of them are red is:

a) 1/22

b) 3/22

c) 2/91

d) 2/77

Answer: Option C

Explanation

13)A box contains 12 red, 6 green and ‘x’ yellow balls. Probability of choosing one green ball
out of the box is 2/9, then find the probability of choosing one ball which can be either red or
yellow?

(a) 4/9

(b) 5/9

(c) 2/3

(d) 7/9
Answer: Option D

Explanation

14) A storekeeper has 2 types of shirts i.e. 15 yellow and 10 blue. If he sold 3 shirts,
What is the probability that these are either all yellow or all blue?
(a) 1/2
(b) 3/10
(c) 1/4
(d) 28/115

Answer: Option C

Explanation

15)A sells man has 6 red and 5 black shirts. If two shirts are picked up randomly, then what is the
probability of getting shirts of same color?

(a) 6/11

(b) 5/11

(c) 10/11

(d) 7/11

Answer: Option B

Explanation
16)A bag contains 6 red and 4 white balls. Four balls are drawn out one by one and not replaced.
What is the probability that they are alternatively of different colours?

Answer: Option C

Explanation

17) There are total 18 balls in a bag. Out of them 6 are red in colour, 4 are green in colour and 8
are blue in colour. If Vishal picks three balls randomly from the bag, then what will be the
probability that all the three balls are not of the same colour?

Answer: Option D

Explanation
18) In a lottery, there are 10 prizes and 25 blanks. A lottery is drawn at random. What is the
probability of getting a prize?

Answer: Option C

Explanation

19) In a box there are 10 apples and 2/5th of the apples are rotten. If three apples are taken out
from the box, what will be the probability that at least one apple is rotten.

Answer: Option B
Explanation

20) There are 4 cotton kurties , 3 woolen kurties and 5 nylon kurties. If 3 kurties are selected at
random, what is the probability that none of them are nylon kurties?

Answer: Option C

Explanation
 Syllogism

Directions: Study the following questions carefully and choose the right answer:
A only conclusion I follows
B only conclusion II follows
C either conclusion I or conclusion II follows
D neither conclusion I nor conclusion II follows
E both conclusion I and conclusion II follow

1.​ Statements:
​ All goats are lions.​ ​ No lion is tiger.​ Some tigers are horses.

Conclusions:
I. Some horses are goats.​ ​ II. No horse is goat.

Ans : option c

2.​ Statements:
Some pens are keys​ Some keys are locks​ All locks are cards​ No card is a paper

Conclusions:
I. No lock is paper.
II. Some cards are keys
III. Some keys are not paper

A)Only conclusion I is true​ ​ ​ B)Only conclusions II is true

C)Both conclusion I and II are true ​ D)All conclusions follow

E)None of the above

 3.​ Statements:
Some pearls are gems.​​ All gems are diamonds.​ No diamond is stone.
Some stones are corals.

Conclusions:
I. Some stones are pearls.
II. Some corals being diamond is possibility
III. No stone is pearl.

A Only conclusion I is true ​ ​ ​ B Only conclusions II is true

C Both conclusion I and II are true ​​ D Either conclusion I and II is true
E None of the above

4.​ Statements:
Some apartments are flats.​ Some flats are buildings.​ All buildings are bungalows.
All bungalows are garden

Conclusions:
I. All apartments being building is possibility.
II. All bungalows are not buildings.
III. No flat is garden.

A None of the above ​ ​ ​ B Only conclusion I is true

C Either conclusion I and II is true ​ ​ D Both conclusion I and II are true
E Only conclusions II is true
 5.​ Statements:
Some chairs are tables.​ All tables are bottles. ​ Some bottles are jars.
No jar is bucket.

Conclusions:
I. Some tables being jar are a possibility. II. Some bottles are chairs.
III. Some bottles are not bucket.

A Only conclusion I is true ​ ​ B Both conclusion I and II are true

C All conclusions follow​ ​ D Only conclusions II is true
E None of the above

6.​ Statements: Some Cats are Rats. All bats are tables. All Rats are Bats.

Conclusion:
I. Some Cats are bats ​​ II. All bats are rats III. All tables are cats
IV. All bats are cats
1. Only I & II follow​ ​ 2. Only II follows
3. Only I & IV follow​​ 4. None of these
 7.​ Statements: Some ships are boats. ​ ​ All boats are submarines. ​ ​
​ Some submarines are yachts.

Conclusion:
I. Some yatches are boats.​ ​ II. Some submarines are boats.
III. Some submarines are ships.​ IV. Some yatches are ships

1. All follows​ ​ 2. Only II and III follow

3. Only III follows​ 4. Only IV follows

8.​ Statements: All Carrots are birds. ​ ​ Some telephones are Carrots.
All bedsheets are telephone.

Conclusion:
I. All bedsheet are birds​ ​ II. Some bedsheet are birds
III. Some birds are telephone​ ​ IV. All telephone are birds

1. Only I follows​ ​ ​ 2. Only II follows

3. Only I and III follow​ ​ 4. Only III follows

9.​ Statements: Most CPUs are keyboards. ​ ​ No keyboard is a Mouse.

All Mouses are CPU.

Conclusion:
I. Some keyboards are CPU​ ​ II. All CPU’s are Mouse
III. No Mouse is a keyboard​ ​ IV. Some Mouse are keyboard
1. Only I follows​ ​ 2. Only II and III follow
3. Only I and III follow​ 4. Only II follows

10.​Statements: Samosas are Jalebi. ​ All Jalebis are Tikki. ​ ​ All Tikkis are
Barfi
Conclusion:
I. All Jalebis are Barfi​​ II. All Tikkis are Samosas
III. All Samosas are Barfi​ IV. All Barfi are Jalebi
1. Only I and II follow​ 2. Only I and III follow
3. Only II and III follow​ 4. All follow

11.​Statements: Some eyes are ears.​ Some ears are lungs. ​​ All lungs are
hands
Conclusion:
I. Some hands are eyes.​ II. Some hands are ears
III. Some lungs are eyes​ IV. No hand is eye

1. None follows​ 2. Only IV follows

3. Only II follows​ 4. Only III follows
 or

12.​Statements: All liquids are solids. ​ Some solids are gases.​​ All gases are
clouds
Conclusion:

I. Some clouds are solids​ ​ II. Some clouds are liquids

III. Some gases are liquids​ ​ IV. Some solids are clouds

1. None follows​ ​ 2. Only I and II follow

3. Only III and IV follow​ 4. Only I and IV follow

13.​Statements: All Gold are Platinum. ​​ No Platinum is silver.

Some Diamonds are silver.
Conclusion:
I. Some Diamonds are Gold​ ​ ​ II. Some Diamonds are Platinum
III. Some Gold are Silver​ ​ ​ IV. No Silver is Gold
1. Only I follows​ ​ ​ 2. Only III follows
3. Only IV follows​ ​ ​ 4. Only II and IV follow
 14.​Statements: Some messages are whatsapp.​ ​ All Hikes are whatsapp.
All whatsapp are facebook.
Conclusion:
I. Some facebook are messages​ ​ II. All hikes are facebook
III. Some messages are hikes​ ​ ​ IV. Some message are facebook
1. All follows​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2. Only I, II and III follow
3. Only I, II and IV follow​ ​ ​ 4. Only III and IV follow

15.​Statements: No watch is cycle.​ ​ No cycle is Motorbike.

Some auto are motorbike
Conclusion:
I. No Motorbike is watch​ ​ II. No motor bike is cycle
III. Some cycles are watches​ ​ IV. All Motorbikes are watches

1. None follows​ ​ ​ 2. Only I follows

3. Only I and III follow​ ​ 4. None of these
 INEQUALITIES
Basic Model

These statements are followed by two conclusions:

(a) If only conclusion I follows.
(b) If only conclusion II follows.
(c) If either conclusion I or II follows.
(d) If neither conclusion I nor II follows.
(e) If both conclusion I and II follow.

1.​ Statement: M ≤ N > O ≥ P = Q

Conclusions: I. M ≥ Q II. Q < M

M ≥Q, Q < M opposite symbols, so both are false.

2.​ Statement: U ≤ V < W =X < Y

Conclusions: I. Y > V II. W > U

Both conclusions are true

3.​ Statements : C > A ≥ T , S < E = T

Conclusions : A > E , C > S

After combining both the statements, we get:

C>A≥T=E>S

Thus A > E is false as the true relationship is A ≥ E.

C > S is true.

Hence only conclusion II follows.

4.​ Statements : F < U ≤ N , D > H < U = B

Conclusions : H < N , H = N

From statements I and II , we get:

 H<U≤N

Thus H < U is true whereas H = N is false.

Hence only conclusion I follows.

5.​ Statement : G ≤ L ≥ O ≥ W ≥ I < N

Conclusions : I. I < L II. L = I

Given statement: G ≤ L ≥ O ≥ W ≥ I < N

Thus, L ≥ I or I ≤ L is true.
It means either I < L or L = I is true.
Thus, Conclusion I and II make a complementary pair.
Hence, either conclusion I or II is true.

6.​ Statement : G ≤ L ≥ O ≥ W ≥ I < N

Conclusions : I. O > G II. W < N

Given statement: G ≤ L ≥ O ≥ W ≥ I < N

Thus, we can’t compare G and O or W and N,
Hence neither conclusion I (O > G) nor II (W < N) is true.

7.​ Statement : R > M ≥ T ≤ Q = S

Conclusions : I. R > Q, II. Q ≥ M

Given statement:
R>M≥T≤Q=S
Thus, we can’t compare R and Q or Q and M.
Hence neither I (R > Q) nor II (Q ≥ M) is true.

8.​ Statements : P ≤ Q ≤ R = S, U≥V≥S

Conclusions : P < U, P=U

Combining statements I and II, we get:

P≤Q≤R=S≤V≤U
Here, the common sign between P and U is ‘≤’ and the given conclusions are P < U and P
= U. Hence, either P < U or P = U follows.
 Hence, the correct answer would be Either conclusion I or conclusion II follows.

9.​ Statement : P = R, R < F, F<T

Conclusions : T < R, F<P

Combining statements II and III, we get:

R<F<T

Here, the common sign between R and T is ‘<’ and the given conclusion is T < R. Hence,
conclusion I does not follow.
For conclusion II: F < P
Combining statement I and II, we get:
P=R<F
Here the common sign between P and F is ‘<’ and the given code is F < P. Hence,
conclusion II does not follow too.
Hence, the correct answer would be ‘Neither conclusion I nor conclusion II follows’.

10.​Statements : P ≥ Q , R < S , Q = S , T > P

Conclusions : R < T , T > S
Checking C1:

R<S=Q≤P<T

Thus C1 follows.

Checking C2:

S=Q≤P<T

Thus C2 also follow.

Both C1 and C2 follow

11.​Statements: D ≥ S , X < W, S = J, W > Y, X > D, Y ≤ O, J ≥ E

Conclusions: (i) D > E (ii) D = E (iii) O > S

By combining all the statements, we get the following equation:

O≥Y<W>X>D≥S=J≥E
 For conclusion (i): D > E

Here, the common sign between D and E is '≥'. Thus D ≥ E.

Hence conclusion (i) does not follow individually.

For conclusion (ii): D = E

Here, the common sign between D and E is '≥'. Thus D ≥ E.

Thus conclusion (ii) does not follow individually.

On combining conclusions I and II we get "D ≥ E".

Therefore either conclusion (i) or (ii) follows.

For conclusion (iii): O > S

Here we can see the opposite signs between O and S, thus no relationship can be
established between them.

Therefore conclusion (iii) does not follow.

Either conclusion (i) or (ii) follows

12.​Statements: S < V, P = M, T > V, M < I, R = I, P < T

Conclusions: (i) I > P (ii) S > M (iii) I < T

By combining all the statements, we get the following equation:

R=I>M=P<T>V>S

For conclusion (i): I > P

Here we can see the common sign between I and P is '>', thus I > P.

Hence conclusion (i) follows.

For conclusion (ii): S > M

Here we can see opposite sign between S and M, thus no relationship can be established
between them.

Thus conclusion (ii) does not follow.

 For conclusion (iii): I < T

Here we can see opposite sign between I and T, thus no relationship can be established
between them.

Therefore conclusion (iii) does not follow.

Only conclusion (i) follows

True / False

13.​Which of the following expressions will be true if the expression ‘K ≥ L > M ≥ N’ is

definitely true?
(a) N ≤ K​ b) K = M​ (c) K < N​ (d) L ≥ N ​ (e) None is true

14.​Which of the following expressions will be true if the expression ‘M ≥ K < T = Q’ is

definitely true?
(a) Q < K​ (b) M ≥ T​ (c) K < Q​ (d) T = M​ (e) None is true

Using symbols

In the following questions, the symbols $, @, %, & and # are used with the following meanings
as illustrated below:
‘A $ B’ means A is neither greater nor smaller than B
‘A @ B’ means A is neither greater than nor equal to B
`A % B’ means A is neither smaller than nor equal to B
‘A& B’ means A is not smaller than B
‘A # B’ means A is not greater than B
In each of the following questions, assuming the given statements to be true, find out which of
the two conclusions I and II given below them is/are definitely true. Give answer
a) if only conclusion I is true.
b) if only conclusion II is true.
c) if either conclusion I or II is true.
d) if neither conclusion I nor II is true.
e) if both conclusions I and II are true.

15.​Statements: V&D, D %T, K $ T, K # F

Conclusions: I. V% F II. V% K

Conclusion 1 : V>F
Comparing with statement it is false.

Conclusion 2 : V>K
Comparing with statements it is true
 Hence option b (only conclusion 2 Follows)

16.​Statements: S $ Q, Q @ B, B &K, K # W
Conclusions: I. W%K II. S @ B
Conclusion 1 ; W>K

Comparing with statements it is false

Conclusion 2 : S<B

Comparing with statements it is true.

Hence Option B (only conclusion 2 follows)

A@B means A is not greater than B.

A!B means A is greater than B.

A*B means A is not less than B.

A%B means A is less than B.

A#B means A is neither greater nor less than B.

17.​Statements : M!H , K%M, G#H

Conclusions : H#K , M*G

From statements I and II, we get:

K<M>H

Here, we get the opposite signs between H and K, thus no relationship can be established
between them.

Hence conclusion I does not follow.

From statements I and III, we get:

M>H=G

Thus M ≥ G is not a true relationship from the above equation.

Hence conclusion II does not follow.

 neither conclusion I nor II follows.

18.​Statements : E@F , D%E , T*F

Conclusions : D%F , T*E

From statements I and II, we get:

D<E≤F

Thus D < F is the true relationship.

Hence conclusion I follows.

From statements I and III, we get:

T≥F≥E

Thus T ≥ E is the true relationship.

Hence conclusion II follows.

both conclusion I and II follow.

19.​Statements: T#Y , Y%L, G*L

Conclusions: L!T , G*T
From statements I and II, we get:

T=Y<L

Thus L > T is the true relationship.

Hence conclusion I follows.

From statements I, II and III, we get:

G≥L>Y=T

Thus G ≥ T is not a true relationship.

Hence conclusion II does not follow.

Only conclusion I follows

20.​Statements : G!U , L@U, M*G

 Conclusions : M#U , M!U
M≥G>U≥L
Thus M > U is the true relationship.

Hence conclusion I does not follow.

But conclusion II definitely follows.

Only conclusion II follows

21.​Statements : Z!U , P*W , W@U

Conclusions : Z!W , P%U
From statements I and III, we get:

Z>U≥W

Z > W is the true relationship.

Hence the conclusion I follows.

From statements II and III, we get:

P≥W≤U

Thus due to opposite sign between P and U no relationship can be established between
them.

Hence conclusion II does not follow.

Only conclusion I follows

 ANALOGY
1.​ 11 : 121 :: 13 : ____

A) 156 B)169 C)179 d)216

Ans : B 169 11^2 =121 similarly 13^2=169

2.​ Marathon is to race as hibernation is to —------

Answer: Option D

Explanation: A marathon is a long race and hibernation is a lengthy period of sleep.

3.​ Reptile is to lizard as flower is to—-----------------

A.petal B. stem C.daisy D.alligator

Answer: Option C

Explanation: A lizard is a type of reptile; a daisy is a type of flower.

4.​ Play is to actor as concert is to

A.symphony B.musician C.piano D.percussion

Answer: Option B

Explanation: An actor performs in a play. A musician performs at a concert.

5.​ Sponge is to porous as rubber is to

A.massive B.solid C.elastic D.inflexible

Answer: Option C

Explanation: A sponge is a porous material. Rubber is an elastic material.

6.​ carpenter​ saw​ nails

pediatrician​ stethoscope​ ?

A.thermometer B.baby C.doctor D. illness

Answer: Option A

Explanation: In the relationship above the line, the saw and the nails are tools a carpenter
uses. In the relationship below the line, the stethoscope and thermometer are tools a
pediatrician uses.

7.​ BINDING : BOOK

A.criminal : gang B.display : museum C.artist : carpenter D.frame : picture

Answer: Option D

Explanation: A binding surrounds a book; a frame surrounds a picture.

8.​ PETAL : FLOWER

A.salt : pepper B.tire : bicycle C.base : ball D.sandals : shoes

Answer: Option B

Explanation : A petal is a part of a flower; a tire is a part of a bicycle.

9.​ RAIN : DRIZZLE

A.swim :dive B.hop : shuffle C.walk : run D.run : jog

Answer: Option D

Explanation: To drizzle is to rain slowly; to jog is to run slowly.

10.​1 : 8 :: 27

(A) 57 (B) 64 (C) 37 (D) 47

 Answer : option B

1^з is 1 2^3 is 8 3^3 is 27 4^3 is 64

11.​ 24:27 = ? :: 81

(A) 72 (B) 82 (C) 8 (D) 62

Ans : option A

27*3= 81 Similarly 24*3= 72

12.​Stethoscope: Heartbeat:: ? : Temperature

(A) Scale (B) Thermometer (C) Heat (D) Mercury

Ans : Option B

Stethoscope measures Heartbeat while Thermometer measures Temperature

13.​ F : 216 :: L : ?

(A) 1729 (B) 1628 (C) 144 (D) 1728

Ans : option D

F is the sixth letter 6 ^3 is 216 Similarly L is the 12 th letter 12^3 is 1728.

14.​REASON : SFBTPO :: THINK : ?

A.SGHMJ B.UIJOL C.UHNKI D.UJKPM

Answer: Option B

Exp : Next letters of the word.

15.​ South : North-West :: West : ?

A.North B.South-West C.North-East D.East

 Answer: Option C

Explanation: As North-West is 135o clockwise from South in the same were North-East
is 135o clockwise from the West.

16.​BEGK : ADFJ :: PSVY : ?

A.ROUX B.ORUX C.LQUT D.LOQT

Answer: Option B

Explanation: Previous Letters of the word.

17.​BCFG : HILM :: NORQ : ?

A.TXWU B.TXUW C.TUXW D.TVWX

Answer: Option C

Explanation : Next six letters of the word

18.​CEDH : HDEC :: ? : PNRV

A.​ VRNP B.RNPV C.​NRVP D.VNRP

Answer: Option A

Explanation: CEDH -- Reverse it ---> HDEC. VRNP -- Reverse it ---> PNRV.

19.​Lawyer : Court

a)​ Chemist : Laboratory

b)​ Businessman : Office

c)​ Labour : Factory

d)​ Athlete : Olympics

Answer: Option A
 Explanation:As the working field of lawyer is Court, similarly the working field of
chemist is laboratory.

20.​Silence : Noise

A.Quiet : Peace B.Baldness : Hair C.Talk : Whisper D.Sing : Dance

Answer: Option B

Explanation: As Silence is opposite to noise, similarly Baldness is opposite to Hair.

 WATER IMAGE
1.​ Choose the correct water image of the question figure, from the given answer figures
(assume that water is along XY)

A) 1​ ​ B) 2​ ​ C) 3​ ​ D) 4

2.​ Choose the correct water image of the question figure, from the given answer figures
(assume that water is along XY)

A) 1​ ​ B) 2​ ​ C) 3​ ​ D) 4

3.​ Choose the correct water image of the question figure, from the given answer figures
(assume that water is along XY)
 A) 1​ ​ B) 2​ ​ C) 3​ ​ D) 4

4.​ Which is the correct image from the given four images?

A) 1​ ​ B) 2​ ​ C) 3​ ​ D) 4

5.​ Which is the correct image from the given four images?

A) 1​ ​ B) 2​ ​ C) 3​ ​ D) 4

6.​ Which is the correct image from the given four images?

A) 1​ ​ B) 2​ ​ C) 3​ ​ D) 4

7.​ Choose the alternative which resembles the water image of the given combination.
 A) 1​ ​ B) 2​ ​ C) 3​ ​ D) 4

8.​ Choose the alternative which resembles the water image of the given combination.

A) 1​ ​ B) 2​ ​ C) 3​ ​ D) 4

9.​ Choose the alternative which resembles the water image of the given combination.

A) 1​ ​ B) 2​ ​ C) 3​ ​ D) 4

10.​Choose the correct water image of the given figure (X) from amongst the four
alternatives.

A) 1​ ​ B) 2​ ​ C) 3​ ​ D) 4
 MIRROR IMAGE
11.​Which of the answer figures is exactly the mirror image of the given question figure
when the mirror is held at XY?

A) 2​ ​ B) 4​ ​ C) 3​ ​ D) 1

12.​Choose the alternative which most closely resembles the mirror image of the given
combination.

A) 1​ ​ B) 2​ ​ C) 3​ ​ D) 4

13.​Choose the alternative which is closely resembles the mirror image of the given
combination

A) 2​ ​ B) 4​ ​ C) 3​ ​ D) 1
14.​Choose the alternative which is closely resembles the mirror image of the given
combination

A) 1​ ​ B) 2​ ​ C) 3​ ​ D) 4

15.​Which of the answer figures is exactly the mirror image of the given figure when the
mirror is held at AB?

A) 1​ ​ B) 2​ ​ C) 3​ ​ D) 4

16.​Choose the alternative of fig. (x)which most closely resembles the mirror-image of the
given figures.
 a)​ A​ ​ b) B​ ​ c) C​ ​ d) D

17.​Choose the alternative which is closely resembles the mirror image of the given
combination

a)​

b)​

c)​

d)​
ANS: C

18.​Choose the alternative which is closely resembles the mirror image of the given
combination.

A) 1​ ​ B) 2​ ​ C) 3​ ​ D) 4

19.​Choose the alternative which is closely resembles the mirror image of the given
combination.

A) 1​ ​ B) 2​ ​ C) 3​ ​ D) 4

20.​Choose the alternative which is closely resembles the mirror image of the given
combination
A) 1​ ​ B) 2​ ​ C) 3​ ​ D) 4

Pattern Completion
 PAPER FOLDING

1.​ Find out from amongst the four alternatives how the pattern would appear when
the transparent sheet is folded at the dotted line.

A. 1​ ​ B. 2​ ​ C. 3​ ​ D. 4

2.​ Choose the alternative

A. D​ ​ B. A​ ​ C. B​ ​ D. C

3.​ Choose the alternative

a.​ A b. B c. C d. D

4.​ Choose the alternative

5.​ Choose the alternative

6.​ Choose the alternative

a.1​ ​ b. 2​ ​ c.3​ ​ d.4

7.​ Choose the alternative

a.1​ ​ b. 2​ ​ c.3​ ​ d.4

8.​ Choose the alternative

a.1​ ​ b. 2​ ​ c.3​ ​ d.4

9.​ Choose the alternative

a.1​ ​ b. 2​ ​ c.3​ ​ d.4

10.​ A piece of paper is folded and punched as shown below in the question
figures. From the given answer figures, indicate how it will appear when opened.

a.​

b.​

c.​

d.​
 Time, Speed and Distance

Basic Questions:
1.​ If a man walks at 7 kmph instead of 5 kmph, he would have walked 10 km more. Then,
what is the actual distance traveled by him?
2.​ Radha completed her journey in 8 hours. She covered half the distance at 40 km/hr and
the rest at 60 km/hr. Find the total distance of the journey.
3.​ A car travels two-third of its actual speed and covers 150 km in 3 hours 45 minutes. Find
the actual speed of the car.
Average Speed
4.​ A man covers 40 km of a journey at 8 km/h and the remaining 30 km of journey in 2
hrs. Find his average speed for his whole journey.
5.​ A person travels from New York to Washington at the rate of 45 miles per hour and
comes back to New York at the rate of 55 miles per hour. What is his average speed for
the whole journey?
Relative Speed
6.​ Two stations P and Q are 110 km apart on a straight track. One train starts from P at 7
a.m. and travels towards Q at 20 kmph. Another train starts from Q at 8 a.m. and travels
towards P at a speed of 25 kmph. At what time will they meet?
7.​ Two towns P & Q are 275 km apart. A motorcycle rider starts from P towards Q at 8 a.m.
at the speed of 25 km/hr. Another rider starts from Q towards P at 9 a.m. at the speed of
20 km/hr. Find at what time they will cross each other?
8.​ Two girls move in opposite directions, one from A to B and other from B to A. The girl
from A reaches the destination in 16 hrs and girl from B reaches her destination in 25 hrs,
after having met. If former's speed is 25 km/hr, what will be the speed of latter?
Reaching Early/Late
9.​ If a man walks at 5 km/h, he misses the train by 7 min. If he walks at 6 km/h, he reaches
5 min before the departure of the train. What is the distance of the station from the man’s
home?
Stoppages
10.​Excluding stoppages, the speed of a bus is 45 kmph and including stoppages it is 36
kmph. For how many minutes does the bus stop per hour?
 PROBLEMS ON TRAINS
Crossing a pole/post/bridge/platform
1.​ A 400m long train is running at 72 Km/ph. How much time will it take to cross an
electric pole?
2.​ A train takes 10 sec to pass a signal post and covers a distance of 10 km in 15 min. Find
the length of the train?
3.​ Chandigarh express of 100 m runs at a speed of 60 km/hr. What will be the time taken to
cross a platform of 150 meters long?
4.​ A 300 meter long train crosses a platform in 39 seconds while it crosses a signal pole in
18 seconds. What is the length of the platform?
Crossing a standing man/Running man/Two trains
5.​ A train of length 110 meters is running at a speed of 60 kmph. In what time, it will pass a
man who is running at 6 kmph in the direction opposite to that in which the train is
going?
6.​ A train 270 meters long is moving at a speed of 25 kmph. It will cross a man coming
from the opposite direction at a speed of 2 km per hour in:
7.​ A train of length 150 meters takes 10 seconds to pass over another train 100 meters long
coming from the opposite direction. If the speed of the first train be 30 kmph. The speed
of the second train is:
8.​ Two trains 105m and 90m long run at the speeds of 45 kmph and 72 kmph respectively
in opposite direction on parallel tracks. The time which they take to cross each other is
9.​ Two stations A and B are 110 km apart on a straight line. One train starts from A at 7
a.m. and travels towards B at 20 kmph. Another train starts from B at 8 a.m. and travels
towards A at a speed of 25 kmph. At what time will they meet?
10.​Two trains P and Q move in same direction with a speed of 85 km/hr and 70 km/hr
respectively. If train P is 120 m long and train Q is 240 m, then find taken by train P to
cross the train Q?
 BOATS AND STREAM
Upstream/Downstream
To find : Time,speed and distance using formula
1.​ A man can row his boat with the stream at 6 km/h and against the stream in 4 km/h. The
man's rate is?

2.​ A person can swim in still water at 4 km/h. If the speed of water 2 km/h, how many hours
will the man take to swim back against the current for 6km?

3.​ Speed of a man in still water is 5 km/hr and the river is running at 3km/hr. The total time
taken to go to a place and come back is 10 hours. What is the distance travelled?

Solving Equations

4.​ A boat running upstream takes 9 hours 48 minutes to cover a certain distance, while it
takes 7 hours to cover the same distance running downstream. What is the ratio between
the speed of the boat and speed of the water current respectively?

5.​ A man swims downstream 30 km and upstream 18 km taking 3 hours each time, what is
the speed of the man in still water?

6.​ A man whose speed is 4.5 kmph in still water rows to a certain upstream point and back
to the starting point in a river which flows at 1.5 kmph, find his average speed for the
total journey?

7.​ A man can row 30 km downstream and 20 km upstream in 4 hours. He can row 45 km
downstream and 40 km upstream in 7 hours. Find the speed of man in still water?

8.​ Raj swims for 6 ½ hours while going 24 km downstream and 36 km upstream. But he
takes just 6 hours to swim 36 km downstream and 24 km upstream. At what rate is the
river flowing?
Twice/Thrice
9.​ Simran takes twice as long to swim up as to swim down the river and has a speed of 12
km/hr in still water. What is river’s speed?

10.​ The speed of the boat in still water is 15 km/hr. It takes twice as long as to go upstream
to a point as to return downstream to the starting point. What is the speed of the current?
 RANKING ARRANGEMENT

1.​ In a row all the persons are facing north, Rahul is 35th from the left end and in the right
side of Rahul, there are only 20 persons. Find out total number of persons in this queue?
a) 55 b) 50 c) 51 d) Can’t be determined
EXP:
The total number of persons is = Position of Rahul from the one of the ends + Number of
persons are there in the opposite direction of Rahul = 35 + 20 = 55
Hence, the total number of persons is 55.

2.​ In a row of certain persons, Pradip is sitting 463 from the left end and 531 from the right
end. Find out the total number of persons in that row?
a) 963​ ​ b) 942​ ​ c) 993​ ​ d) 995
EXP:
The total number of persons is = Position of Pradip from the right ends + Position of
Pradip from the left ends – 1
= 463 + 531 – 1 = 993
Hence, the total number of persons is 993.

3.​ In a row of 60 persons, Ganesh is 26th from left end. Find out his position from the right
end.
a) 35​ ​ b) 36​ ​ c) 34​ ​ d) Can’t be determined

EXP:
Solution:
Now, Position of Ganesh from the right ends = The total number of person – Position of
Ganesh from the left ends + 1
= 60 – 26 + 1 = 35.
Hence, Ganesh is 35th from the right end.

4.​ Rakesh is on 9th position from upwards and on 38th position from downwards in a class.
How many students are in the class?
a) 47​ ​ b) 45​ ​ c) 46​ ​ d) 48
EXP:
Total students =(Rakesh’s position from upwards + Rakesh’s position from
downwards)–1
=(9+38)–1 =46.
5.​ In a group of 105 students, Ravi’s rank is 36th from the top and Sarika’s rank is 41th
from the bottom. How many students are there in between Ravi and Sarika (if no two
persons got the same rank)?
a)28​ ​ b) 39​ ​ c) 48​ ​ d) Can’t be determined

EXP:
Here, the number of students is greater than the sum of the ranks of Ravi and Sarika.
Hence, the number of students in between Ravi and Sarika = 105 – (sum of the ranks of
Ravi and Sarika)
= 105 – (36 + 41) = 28

6.​ In a batch of 100 students Kavya’s rank is 50th from the top and Lucky’s rank is 68th
from the bottom. How many students are there in between Kavya and Lucky (if no two
persons got the same rank)?
a) Less than 10​ ​ b) 16​ ​ c) 13​ ​ d) 14

EXP:
Here, the number of students is less than the sum of the ranks of Kavya and Lucky.
Hence, the number of students in between Kavya and Lucky is
= (Sum of the ranks of Kavya and Lucky) – Total number of students – 2
= (50 + 68) – 100 – 2 = 16

7.​ In a row at a bus stop, A is 7th from the left and B is 9th from the right. Both of them
interchange their positions and thus A becomes 11th from the left. How many people are
there in that row?
a) 18​ ​ b) 19​ ​ c) 20​ ​ d) 21

EXP:

8.​ In a row of children, Dipa is fifth from the left and Vijay is sixth from the right. When
they interchange their places among themselves, Dipa becomes thirteenth from the left.
Then, what will be Vijay’s position from the right?
a) 4th​ ​ b) 14th​ ​ c) 8th​ ​ d) 12th
EXP:

9.​ In a row of girls, Rita and Monika occupy ninth place from the right end and tenth place
from the left end respectively. If they interchange their places, then Rita and Monika
occupy seventeenth place from the right and eighteenth place from the left respectively
How many girls are there in the row?
a) 25​ ​ b) 26​ ​ c) 27​ ​ d) Data inadequate
 EXP:
After interchanging their positions:
Monika’s new position is the same as Rita’s earlier position
Monika’s position from the left = 18th
Monika’s position from the right = 9th
Total no. of girls in the row = (18+9) – 1 = 26

10.​In a row of 40 students facing North, Kailash is 6th to the left of Soman. If Soman is 30th
from the left end of the row, how far is Kailash from the right end of the row?
a) 17th​​ b) 16th​​ c) 15th​​ d) 26th
EXP:
Kailash’s position from the left = 30 – 6 = 24th
Kailash’s position from the right = (40 – 24) + 1 = 17th

ORDERING
1.​ A is shorter than B but much taller than E. C is the tallest and D is a little shorter than A.
Who is the shortest?
a) A​ ​ b) C​ ​ c) E​ ​ d) D
EXP:
C>B>A>D>E

2.​ Among A, B, C, D and E; A is taller than B but shorter than C. B is taller than only E. C
is not the tallest. Who among them will be in the middle if they stand in the order of their
heights?
a) A​ ​ b) C​ ​ c) E​ ​ d) Cannot be determined
EXP:
D>C>A>B>E
A will be in the middle if they stand in the order of their height.

3.​ A group of five students has different height. Raj is shorter than Simran. Simran is
shorter than Manoj. Manu is taller than only Kriti. Who among the following is the
tallest?
a) Manu​ ​ b) Raj​ ​ c) Simran​ ​ d) Manoj
EXP:
Manoj > Simran > Raj > Manu > Kirti

4.​ Five friends L, M, N, O and P read a newspaper. The one who reads first gives it to N.
The one who reads last had taken it from L. P was not the first or last to read it. There
were two readers between M and L. Who read the newspaper last?
a) L​ ​ b) O​ ​ c) M​ ​ d) N
 EXP:
MNPLO

5.​ Six persons – Sumer, Anant, Parth, Rajat, Karan and Gaurav, played in a cricket match
and scored different number of runs. Sumer scored more runs than only Parth and
Gaurav. Anant scored less runs than Karan, who was not highest scorer. The Second
highest person scored 78 runs.
What of the following are the possible runs scored by Rajat?
a) 88​ ​ b) 76​ ​ c) 55​ ​ d) 78​ ​ e) 70
EXP:
Rajat, Karan (78) , Anant, Sumer, Parth/Gaurav, Parth/Gaurav

How many person(s) scored more runs than Parth?

a) One​​ b) Two​​ c) Three​ ​ d) More than three
EXP:
Rajat, Karan, Anant, Sumer, Parth/Gaurav, Parth/Gaurav
 Data Sufficiency

Directions for data sufficiency questions (1-10):

A.If data in the statement I alone is sufficient to answer the question.
B.If data in the statement II alone is sufficient to answer the question.
C.If data either in the statement I alone or statement II alone are sufficient to answer the
question.
D.If data given in both I & II together are not sufficient to answer the question.
E.If data in both statements I & II together are necessary to answer the question.

1.Who is taller among P, Q, R, S & T?

S is shorter than Q. P is shorter than only T.
Q is taller than only S. T is taller than P and R.
Answer : (C)
Explanation:
From I : P is shorter than only T, this means that P is taller than all Q, R & S, so T is tallest.
From II : Q only taller than S, so S is shortest, and Q is second shortest, Now T taller than P and
R both, So tallest of all.

2. What is the distance between point P and point Q?

Point R is 10 m west of point P and point S is 10 m north of point P.
Point Q is 10 m south-east of point R. Point S is 20 m north-west of point Q.
Answer : (D)
Explanation:
From I : No relation between points P and Q
From II : In this since we don’t know the angles between sides of triangle forming with points
PQS and PQR, PQ cannot be determined.
Masterclass

3. How is Shubham related to Shivani?

Shubham is brother of Meenal. Shivani is niece of Pooja.
Neeraj is Meenal’s uncle and Preeti’s brother
Answer : (D)
Explanation:
Either statement cant give the answer.
From both statements we can get the relationship as Pooja is Neeraj’s sister but it cannot be
clearly said that Shubham & Meenal are Pooja’s children or not & Shivani is Neeraj’s daughter,
because there can be other siblings of Neeraj and Pooja also.
4. How is PRODUCT written in that code language?
 In a certain code language, AIEEE is written as BJFFF.
In a certain code language, GYPSY is written as FXORX
Answer : (E)
Explanation:
From I: All vowels are coded as next alphabets
From II: All consonants are coded as previous alphabets
So from both the statements.

5. How is ‘face’ written in that code language?

In a certain code language, ‘no one with face’ is coded as ‘fo to om sop’ and ‘no
one has face’ is coded as ‘om sit fo sop’
In a certain code language, ‘face of no light’ is coded as ‘om mot fo kiz’ and ‘no
one is smart’ is coded as ‘sop fo sip lik’.
Answer : (E)
Explanation:
From I : ‘no one face’ is coded as ‘om fo sop’
From II : ‘no’ is ‘fo’
Now from both – ‘one face’ is ‘om sop’ and now from II: ‘face of no light’ is written as ‘om mot
fo kiz’, ‘face’ is ‘om’

6. What is Monica’s position with respect to Rahul?

In a row of 25 students, Monica is sitting 12th from right end of row and Rahul is
sitting 20th from left end of the row.
Monica is 4th from right end and Rahul is 8th from left end.
Answer : (A)
Explanation:
From I: The position of both of them in a row can be known, so Monica’s position can be
known.
From II: Since the total number of students is not known in this case, Monica’s position with
respect to Rahul cannot be known.

7. Who has secured less marks among P, Q, R , S & T ?

S has secured less marks than only R and T.
Q secured more marks than P.
Answer : (A)
Explanation:
From I: S is at 3rd position from top, & R and T at 1st or 2nd.
From II : Q’s marks more than P
From both, order in descending is R/T, T/R, S, Q, P
So P has secured less marks among all.
8. On which floor is Shikha residing?
In a six storey building (Ground floor is parking space), Rekha is on fourth floor. Shikha
likes to reside only on even numbered floors. Reema is not on the topmost floor.
Reema is two floors below Peter who is 3 floors above Shikha.
Answer : (E)
Explanation:
From I: 6 storey building has 2, 4 and 6 even numbered floors, out of which Rekha is on 4th, so
Shruti is on either 2 or 6. Reema is not on 6 (top-most), but since it is not given Reema also stays
on an even numbered floor, nothing can be known about Shikha
From II : Peter is 3 floors above Shikha, this means that Shikha will have to be at 1, 2 or 3 floor,
so that Peter is at 3 above Shikha’s floor.
From both, Shikha is at 2nd floor.

9 : Amit is facing which direction?

Shikha is facing east direction and if she turns to her right she will face Raj.
Amit is facing opposite direction as that of Kiran who is facing Shikha.
Answer : (D)
From I: Can't be found from I because no mention of Amit.
From II : Cannot be found because don’t know the direction of either Kiran or Shikha.
From both also we cannot found because we don’t know when Kiran is facing Shikha – when
Shikha facing east or when Shikha after turning right faces south.

10: In which month is Meena’s birthday?

Shikha remembers that Meena’s birthday was 4 months ago.
Raj remembers that after 2 months from now, Meena’s birthday will be 6 months back.
Answer : (D)
Explanation:
Since in each statement we do not know that which month is going on right now, question cannot
be answered.
 Statements and Arguments
1.Statement :
Should India acquire/manufacture the latest nuclear weapons ?

Arguments :
I. Yes. The enemies of India are improving their weapons continuously and it becomes
imperative to protect the sovereignty and integrity of the country.
II. No. Instead the money should be diverted to development activities.
III. No. The international community will isolate Indians and this will bring a setback to Indian
economy.
IV. No. It will be against our policy of maintaining world peace.

A.​ Only I is strong

​ B.​ Only I and IV are strong
​ C.​ Only I, II and IV are strong
​ D.​ All are strong
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Clearly, in the blind race for attaining nuclear powers, acquiring nuclear weapons is an
inevitability to protect the country from the threat of nuclear powers. So, argument I holds
strong. Also, defense of the country is as important as internal development. So, II does not hold.
Argument III seems to be vague. Also, India intends to acquire nuclear weapons for self -
defense and not Aggression. So, argument IV also does not hold.

2.Statement :
Should all the students graduating in any discipline desirous of pursuing post-graduation of the
subjects of their choice be allowed to enroll in the post-graduate courses ?

Arguments :
I. Yes. The students are the best judge of their capabilities and there should not be restrictions,
for joining post-graduate courses.

II. No. The students need to study relevant subjects in graduate courses to enroll in post-graduate
courses and the students must fulfill such conditions.

III. No. There, are not enough institutes offering post-graduate courses which can accommodate
all the graduates desirous of seeking post-graduate education of their own choice.

​ A.​ None is strong

​ B.​ Only I and II are strong
​ C.​ All are strong
D.​ None of these

Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Only argument II is strong.

The students cannot be enrolled in the courses just on the basis of their interests, but their
compatibility with the same also matters. So, I does not hold. Besides, lack of institutes is no
criteria to deny post - graduate courses to students. So, argument III also does not hold. II
provides a genuine reason and thus holds strong.

3.Statement :
Should there be compulsory military training for each college student in India ?

Arguments :
I. Yes. This is the only way to build a strong and powerful nation.

II. No. Compulsion always leads to repulsion.

III. Yes. This is the only way to impart discipline to the young generation.

IV. No. This goes against the basic democratic right of an individual to choose his/her own
programs.

​ A.​ Only I and III are strong

B.​ Only II and IV are strong
​ C.​ Only I and IV are strong
​ D.​ Only I, III and IV are strong
Answer: Option B
Explanation: No doubt making military education compulsory for all college students would
strengthen India's forces and also inculcate strong discipline among them, but this is not the only
means to achieve these ends. So, neither I nor III holds strong. Besides, the students really
willing to join the armed forces and defend the nation can put up a better defence than those
compelled to do so. And it is the fundamental right of every student to pursue a career of his
choice. So, II as well as IV holds strong.

4.Statement :
Should religion be taught in our schools?
Arguments :
I. No. Ours is a secular state.

II. Yes. Teaching religion helps inculcate moral value's among children.

III. No. How can one dream of such a step when we want the young generation to fulfill its role
in the 21st century.

​ A.​ All are strong

​ B.​ None is strong
​ C.​ Only I is strong
D.​ Only II is strong
Answer: Option D
Explanation: Ours is a secular state does not mean that religion and religious values should be
eradicated. In fact, these inculcate moral values. So, argument I is vague while argument II is
strong. Also, teaching religion can in no way hinder the students' capability to face the
challenges of the 21st century.

5.Statement :
Should there be a complete ban on genetically modified imported seeds ?

Arguments :
I. Yes. This will boost the demand of domestically developed seeds.

II. No. This is the only way to increase production substantially.

III. Yes. Genetically modified products will adversely affect the health of those who consume
these products.

​ A.​ Only I and II are strong

B.​ Only II is strong
​ C.​ Only II and III are strong
​ D.​ Only I and III are strong
Answer: Option B
Explanation: Genetically modified imported seeds have been specially formulated to increase the
yield and quality of produce. So, argument II is strong. Besides, increase in production holds
much more significance than the sale of domestically produced seeds. Thus, argument I does not
hold. Also, the genetically modified seeds result in a produce of , finer quality which is no way
harmful to the consumer. So, III also does riot hold strong
6.Statement :
Should all the youngsters below 21 years ef age be disallowed from going to a beer bar ?

Arguments :
I. No. It is not correct-to prevent matured youngsters above 18 years of age who can vote, from
having fun.

II. Yes. The entry fee to such pubs should also be hiked.

III. No. There is no such curb in western countries.

IV. Yes. This will help in preventing youngsters from getting into bad company and imbibing bad
habits.

​ A.​ Only I is strong

​ B.​ Only I and III are strong
​ C.​ Only III and IV are strong
D.​ Only I and IV are strong
Answer: Option D
Explanation: Clearly, our Constitution considers youngsters above 18 years of age, mature
enough to exercise their decisive power in Government by voting. This implies that such
individuals can also judge what is good or bad for them. Thus, argument I holds strong.
However, at such places, youngsters may be lead astray by certain indecent guys and swayed
from the right path into bad indulgences. So, IV also holds strong. Hiking the entry fees is no
way to disallow them, and also the idea of imitating the western countries holds no relevance.
So, neither II nor III holds strong.

7.Statement :
Should women be given equal opportunity in the matter of employment in every field ?

Arguments :
I. Yes. They are equally capable.

II. No. They have to shoulder household responsibilities.

III. Yes. They should also go into the outside world.

​ A.​ Only I is strong

​ B.​ Only I and II are strong
​ C.​ Only II and III are strong
 D.​ Only I and III are strong
Answer: Option D
Explanation: In present times, women are being imparted education at par with the men and are
capable of competing with them in all professions and fields. So, argument I holds. Also, women
cannot be confined to the household and kept away from the challenges of the outside world
against their will. They too have the right to be self - dependent. Besides, present - day women
are well looking to outside jobs together with the household jobs. So, argument III holds while II
does not.

8.Statement :
Should there be only few banks in place of numerous smaller banks in India?

Arguments :
I. Yes. This will help secure the investor's money as these big banks will be able to With stand
intermittent market related shocks.

II. No. A large number of people will lose their jobs as after the merger many employees will be
redundant.

III. Yes. This will help consolidate the entire banking industry and will lead to healthy
competition.

A.​ None is strong

​ B.​ Only I and II are strong
​ C.​ Only II and III are strong
​ D.​ Only I and III are strong
Answer: Option A
Explanation: The security of the investor's money is not related to the size of the bank. Besides
even after consolidation, the number of investors, their amounts and hence the duties shall
remain the same and so no employees will be redundant. Reducing the number of smaller banks
will also not affect the mutual competition among the banks. Thus, none of the arguments holds
strong.

9.Statement :
Should the system of Lok Adalats and mobile courts be encouraged in India ?

Arguments :
I. Yes. It helps to grant speedy justice to the masses.

II. Yes. The dispensing of minor cases at this level would reduce the burden on the higher courts.
III. No. These courts are usually partial in justice.

A.​ Only I and II are strong

​ B.​ Only II and III are strong
​ C.​ Only I and III are strong
​ D.​ All are strong
Answer: Option A
Explanation: Courts are meant to judge impartially. So, argument III is vague. The system of
local courts shall speed up justice by providing easy approach and simplified procedures, and
thus ease the burden of the higher courts. So, I as well as II holds strong.

10.Statement :
Should there be reservation of jobs in the organizations in the private sector also as in the public
sector undertakings in India ?

Arguments :
I. Yes. This would give more opportunities of development to the weaker sections of the society
and thus help reduce the gap between the affluent and the downtrodden in India.

II. No. The private sector does not get any government assistance and therefore they should not
be saddled with such policies.

III. No. Nowhere else in the world such a practice is being followed.

IV. No. The management of the private sector undertaking would not agree to such compulsions.

A.​ Only I is strong

​ B.​ Only I and II are strong
​ C.​ Only I, II and IV are strong
​ D.​ Only I and IV are strong