Perform Basic Fire

Fighting

LEARNER GUIDE
NQF Level 02
US 12484
 All qualifications and unit standards registered on the National Qualifications
Framework are public property. Thus the only payment that can be made for them
is for service and reproduction. It is illegal to sell this material for profit. If the
material is reproduced or quoted, the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA)
should be acknowledged as the source.

SOUTH AFRICAN QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY

REGISTERED UNIT STANDARD THAT HAS PASSED THE END DATE:

Perform basic fire fighting

SAQA US UNIT STANDARD TITLE

ID
12484 Perform basic fire fighting
ORIGINATOR REGISTERING PROVIDER
SGB Manufacturing and
Assembly Processes
QUALITY ASSURING BODY
-
FIELD SUBFIELD
Field 06 - Manufacturing, Engineering and Manufacturing and Assembly
Technology
ABET UNIT OLD NQF LEVEL NEW NQF LEVEL CREDITS
BAND STANDARD
TYPE
Undefined Regular Level 2 NQF Level 02 4
REGISTRATION STATUS REGISTRATION REGISTRATION SAQA
START DATE END DATE DECISION
NUMBER
Passed the End Date - 2007-05-15 2010-05-15 SAQA 0160/05
Status was "Reregistered"
LAST DATE FOR LAST DATE FOR ACHIEVEMENT
ENROLMENT
2011-05-15 2014-05-15

In all of the tables in this document, both the old and the new NQF Levels are shown. In the text
(purpose statements, qualification rules, etc), any reference to NQF Levels are to the old levels unless
specifically stated otherwise.

This unit standard does not replace any other unit standard and is not replaced by any
other unit standard.

PURPOSE OF THE UNIT STANDARD

The skills, values and knowledge reflected in this unit standard are required by people in
the field of manufacturing and engineering.
The learning outcomes in this unit standard also contribute to the exit level outcomes
required for various manufacturing and engineering qualifications.
Qualifying learners can select and use the appropriate fire fighting equipment to extinguish
or control fires in the workplace.

LEARNING ASSUMED TO BE IN PLACE AND RECOGNITION OF PRIOR LEARNING

This unit standard has been designed as part of a progression. It is one of a series of unit
standards for safety, health and environmental protection in the field of manufacturing and

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 engineering.

UNIT STANDARD RANGE

The scope and level of this unit standard is determined by the ranges as indicated under
the specific outcomes.

Specific Outcomes and Assessment Criteria:

SPECIFIC OUTCOME 1

Discuss and explain procedures for dealing with fires in the workplace

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1

1. An understanding of procedures for dealing with fires in the workplace is demonstrated.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES

Indicators
1. The nature of the fire is correctly identified and its context correctly assessed
2. Appropriate fire fighting and safety equipment is selected and checked
3. Hazards are isolated
4. Fire is approached according to procedures
5. Changes in the fire are monitored and responded to
6. Retreat from the fire site is undertaken according to appropriate retreat procedures for
the type of fire
Understanding confirmed
1. Respond to `what if` and `why` questions covering:
 Applicable chemistry of fires
 Methods of fire transmission
 Types of fires
 Selection of fire fighting procedures for particular fires
 Prevention of fires
 Types, uses and operation of fire fighting and safety equipment
 Retreat procedures form fire
 Issues to consider when monitoring fire and site
 Handover procedures
 Reporting and recording requirements
2. Explain the implications of not adhering to sequence of activities and operations as
described in the specific outcomes and making decisions inappropriate to the task

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2

2. Fires are contained and/or extinguished.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES

Indicators
1. The nature of the fire is correctly identified and its context correctly assessed
2. Appropriate fire fighting and safety equipment is selected and checked
3. Hazards are isolated
4. Fire is approached according to procedures
5. Changes in the fire are monitored and responded to
6. Retreat from the fire site is undertaken according to appropriate retreat procedures for
the type of fire
Understanding confirmed
1. Respond to `what if` and `why` questions covering:
 Applicable chemistry of fires
 Methods of fire transmission
 Types of fires
 Selection of fire fighting procedures for particular fires
 Prevention of fires
 Types, uses and operation of fire fighting and safety equipment
 Retreat procedures form fire
 Issues to consider when monitoring fire and site
 Handover procedures
 Reporting and recording requirements
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 2. Explain the implications of not adhering to sequence of activities and operations as
described in the specific outcomes and making decisions inappropriate to the task

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3

3. The fire and/or the site are handed over to the appropriate personnel.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES

Indicators
1. The nature of the fire is correctly identified and its context correctly assessed
2. Appropriate fire fighting and safety equipment is selected and checked
3. Hazards are isolated
4. Fire is approached according to procedures
5. Changes in the fire are monitored and responded to
6. Retreat from the fire site is undertaken according to appropriate retreat procedures for
the type of fire
Understanding confirmed
1. Respond to `what if` and `why` questions covering:
 Applicable chemistry of fires
 Methods of fire transmission
 Types of fires
 Selection of fire fighting procedures for particular fires
 Prevention of fires
 Types, uses and operation of fire fighting and safety equipment
 Retreat procedures form fire
 Issues to consider when monitoring fire and site
 Handover procedures
 Reporting and recording requirements
2. Explain the implications of not adhering to sequence of activities and operations as
described in the specific outcomes and making decisions inappropriate to the task

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4

4. Reports on status of fire and equipment are completed.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES

Indicators
1. The nature of the fire is correctly identified and its context correctly assessed
2. Appropriate fire fighting and safety equipment is selected and checked
3. Hazards are isolated
4. Fire is approached according to procedures
5. Changes in the fire are monitored and responded to
6. Retreat from the fire site is undertaken according to appropriate retreat procedures for
the type of fire
Understanding confirmed
1. Respond to `what if` and `why` questions covering:
 Applicable chemistry of fires
 Methods of fire transmission
 Types of fires
 Selection of fire fighting procedures for particular fires
 Prevention of fires
 Types, uses and operation of fire fighting and safety equipment
 Retreat procedures form fire
 Issues to consider when monitoring fire and site
 Handover procedures
 Reporting and recording requirements
2. Explain the implications of not adhering to sequence of activities and operations as
described in the specific outcomes and making decisions inappropriate to the task

SPECIFIC OUTCOME 2

Identify the type of fire, its context and select the appropriate fire fighting procedure

OUTCOME RANGE

Types of fires include organic materials/fibre materials, flammable liquids and gases, live
electrical equipment, combustible metal fires.
Fire contexts include the nature of the area where the fire is, adjacent hazards, structural
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 materials.
Methods of fire transmission include conduction, induction, radiation.
Combustible hazards include combustible materials and temperatures, compressed
containers, electrical equipment, structure and layout of site.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1

1. An understanding of procedures for dealing with fires in the workplace is demonstrated.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES

Indicators
1. The nature of the fire is correctly identified and its context correctly assessed
2. Appropriate fire fighting and safety equipment is selected and checked
3. Hazards are isolated
4. Fire is approached according to procedures
5. Changes in the fire are monitored and responded to
6. Retreat from the fire site is undertaken according to appropriate retreat procedures for
the type of fire
Understanding confirmed
1. Respond to `what if` and `why` questions covering:
 Applicable chemistry of fires
 Methods of fire transmission
 Types of fires
 Selection of fire fighting procedures for particular fires
 Prevention of fires
 Types, uses and operation of fire fighting and safety equipment
 Retreat procedures form fire
 Issues to consider when monitoring fire and site
 Handover procedures
 Reporting and recording requirements
2. Explain the implications of not adhering to sequence of activities and operations as
described in the specific outcomes and making decisions inappropriate to the task

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2

2. Fires are contained and/or extinguished.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES

Indicators
1. The nature of the fire is correctly identified and its context correctly assessed
2. Appropriate fire fighting and safety equipment is selected and checked
3. Hazards are isolated
4. Fire is approached according to procedures
5. Changes in the fire are monitored and responded to
6. Retreat from the fire site is undertaken according to appropriate retreat procedures for
the type of fire
Understanding confirmed
1. Respond to `what if` and `why` questions covering:
 Applicable chemistry of fires
 Methods of fire transmission
 Types of fires
 Selection of fire fighting procedures for particular fires
 Prevention of fires
 Types, uses and operation of fire fighting and safety equipment
 Retreat procedures form fire
 Issues to consider when monitoring fire and site
 Handover procedures
 Reporting and recording requirements
2. Explain the implications of not adhering to sequence of activities and operations as
described in the specific outcomes and making decisions inappropriate to the task

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3

3. The fire and/or the site are handed over to the appropriate personnel.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES

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 Indicators
1. The nature of the fire is correctly identified and its context correctly assessed
2. Appropriate fire fighting and safety equipment is selected and checked
3. Hazards are isolated
4. Fire is approached according to procedures
5. Changes in the fire are monitored and responded to
6. Retreat from the fire site is undertaken according to appropriate retreat procedures for
the type of fire
Understanding confirmed
1. Respond to `what if` and `why` questions covering:
 Applicable chemistry of fires
 Methods of fire transmission
 Types of fires
 Selection of fire fighting procedures for particular fires
 Prevention of fires
 Types, uses and operation of fire fighting and safety equipment
 Retreat procedures form fire
 Issues to consider when monitoring fire and site
 Handover procedures
 Reporting and recording requirements
2. Explain the implications of not adhering to sequence of activities and operations as
described in the specific outcomes and making decisions inappropriate to the task

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4

4. Reports on status of fire and equipment are completed.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES

Indicators
1. The nature of the fire is correctly identified and its context correctly assessed
2. Appropriate fire fighting and safety equipment is selected and checked
3. Hazards are isolated
4. Fire is approached according to procedures
5. Changes in the fire are monitored and responded to
6. Retreat from the fire site is undertaken according to appropriate retreat procedures for
the type of fire
Understanding confirmed
1. Respond to `what if` and `why` questions covering:
 Applicable chemistry of fires
 Methods of fire transmission
 Types of fires
 Selection of fire fighting procedures for particular fires
 Prevention of fires
 Types, uses and operation of fire fighting and safety equipment
 Retreat procedures form fire
 Issues to consider when monitoring fire and site
 Handover procedures
 Reporting and recording requirements
2. Explain the implications of not adhering to sequence of activities and operations as
described in the specific outcomes and making decisions inappropriate to the task

SPECIFIC OUTCOME 3

Identify, select and check appropriate fire fighting and safety equipment

OUTCOME RANGE

Fire fighting equipment includes hoses, extinguishers and buckets.

Safety equipment includes breathing apparatus, fire blankets, protective clothing for fire
fights, heat shields.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1

1. An understanding of procedures for dealing with fires in the workplace is demonstrated.

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 ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES

Indicators
1. The nature of the fire is correctly identified and its context correctly assessed
2. Appropriate fire fighting and safety equipment is selected and checked
3. Hazards are isolated
4. Fire is approached according to procedures
5. Changes in the fire are monitored and responded to
6. Retreat from the fire site is undertaken according to appropriate retreat procedures for
the type of fire
Understanding confirmed
1. Respond to `what if` and `why` questions covering:
 Applicable chemistry of fires
 Methods of fire transmission
 Types of fires
 Selection of fire fighting procedures for particular fires
 Prevention of fires
 Types, uses and operation of fire fighting and safety equipment
 Retreat procedures form fire
 Issues to consider when monitoring fire and site
 Handover procedures
 Reporting and recording requirements
2. Explain the implications of not adhering to sequence of activities and operations as
described in the specific outcomes and making decisions inappropriate to the task

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2

2. Fires are contained and/or extinguished.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES

Indicators
1. The nature of the fire is correctly identified and its context correctly assessed
2. Appropriate fire fighting and safety equipment is selected and checked
3. Hazards are isolated
4. Fire is approached according to procedures
5. Changes in the fire are monitored and responded to
6. Retreat from the fire site is undertaken according to appropriate retreat procedures for
the type of fire
Understanding confirmed
1. Respond to `what if` and `why` questions covering:
 Applicable chemistry of fires
 Methods of fire transmission
 Types of fires
 Selection of fire fighting procedures for particular fires
 Prevention of fires
 Types, uses and operation of fire fighting and safety equipment
 Retreat procedures form fire
 Issues to consider when monitoring fire and site
 Handover procedures
 Reporting and recording requirements
2. Explain the implications of not adhering to sequence of activities and operations as
described in the specific outcomes and making decisions inappropriate to the task

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3

3. The fire and/or the site are handed over to the appropriate personnel.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES

Indicators
1. The nature of the fire is correctly identified and its context correctly assessed
2. Appropriate fire fighting and safety equipment is selected and checked
3. Hazards are isolated
4. Fire is approached according to procedures
5. Changes in the fire are monitored and responded to
6. Retreat from the fire site is undertaken according to appropriate retreat procedures for
the type of fire
Understanding confirmed

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 1. Respond to `what if` and `why` questions covering:
 Applicable chemistry of fires
 Methods of fire transmission
 Types of fires
 Selection of fire fighting procedures for particular fires
 Prevention of fires
 Types, uses and operation of fire fighting and safety equipment
 Retreat procedures form fire
 Issues to consider when monitoring fire and site
 Handover procedures
 Reporting and recording requirements
2. Explain the implications of not adhering to sequence of activities and operations as
described in the specific outcomes and making decisions inappropriate to the task

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4

4. Reports on status of fire and equipment are completed.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES

Indicators
1. The nature of the fire is correctly identified and its context correctly assessed
2. Appropriate fire fighting and safety equipment is selected and checked
3. Hazards are isolated
4. Fire is approached according to procedures
5. Changes in the fire are monitored and responded to
6. Retreat from the fire site is undertaken according to appropriate retreat procedures for
the type of fire
Understanding confirmed
1. Respond to `what if` and `why` questions covering:
 Applicable chemistry of fires
 Methods of fire transmission
 Types of fires
 Selection of fire fighting procedures for particular fires
 Prevention of fires
 Types, uses and operation of fire fighting and safety equipment
 Retreat procedures form fire
 Issues to consider when monitoring fire and site
 Handover procedures
 Reporting and recording requirements
2. Explain the implications of not adhering to sequence of activities and operations as
described in the specific outcomes and making decisions inappropriate to the task

SPECIFIC OUTCOME 4

Fight containable/extinguishable fires

OUTCOME NOTES

 Monitor and respond to changes in the fire.

OUTCOME RANGE

Changes in a fire include changes in wind direction, backdraft, ventilation, release of

hazardous substances, radiation, or as a result of incorrect application of fire fighting
procedures.
Fire monitoring issues include status of fire, status of fire fighting equipment, controlling
access, structural damage and equipment retrieval, fire fighting casualties.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1

1. An understanding of procedures for dealing with fires in the workplace is demonstrated.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES

Indicators
1. The nature of the fire is correctly identified and its context correctly assessed
2. Appropriate fire fighting and safety equipment is selected and checked

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 3. Hazards are isolated
4. Fire is approached according to procedures
5. Changes in the fire are monitored and responded to
6. Retreat from the fire site is undertaken according to appropriate retreat procedures for
the type of fire
Understanding confirmed
1. Respond to `what if` and `why` questions covering:
 Applicable chemistry of fires
 Methods of fire transmission
 Types of fires
 Selection of fire fighting procedures for particular fires
 Prevention of fires
 Types, uses and operation of fire fighting and safety equipment
 Retreat procedures form fire
 Issues to consider when monitoring fire and site
 Handover procedures
 Reporting and recording requirements
2. Explain the implications of not adhering to sequence of activities and operations as
described in the specific outcomes and making decisions inappropriate to the task

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2

2. Fires are contained and/or extinguished.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES

Indicators
1. The nature of the fire is correctly identified and its context correctly assessed
2. Appropriate fire fighting and safety equipment is selected and checked
3. Hazards are isolated
4. Fire is approached according to procedures
5. Changes in the fire are monitored and responded to
6. Retreat from the fire site is undertaken according to appropriate retreat procedures for
the type of fire
Understanding confirmed
1. Respond to `what if` and `why` questions covering:
 Applicable chemistry of fires
 Methods of fire transmission
 Types of fires
 Selection of fire fighting procedures for particular fires
 Prevention of fires
 Types, uses and operation of fire fighting and safety equipment
 Retreat procedures form fire
 Issues to consider when monitoring fire and site
 Handover procedures
 Reporting and recording requirements
2. Explain the implications of not adhering to sequence of activities and operations as
described in the specific outcomes and making decisions inappropriate to the task

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3

3. The fire and/or the site are handed over to the appropriate personnel.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES

Indicators
1. The nature of the fire is correctly identified and its context correctly assessed
2. Appropriate fire fighting and safety equipment is selected and checked
3. Hazards are isolated
4. Fire is approached according to procedures
5. Changes in the fire are monitored and responded to
6. Retreat from the fire site is undertaken according to appropriate retreat procedures for
the type of fire
Understanding confirmed
1. Respond to `what if` and `why` questions covering:
 Applicable chemistry of fires
 Methods of fire transmission
 Types of fires
 Selection of fire fighting procedures for particular fires

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  Prevention of fires
 Types, uses and operation of fire fighting and safety equipment
 Retreat procedures form fire
 Issues to consider when monitoring fire and site
 Handover procedures
 Reporting and recording requirements
2. Explain the implications of not adhering to sequence of activities and operations as
described in the specific outcomes and making decisions inappropriate to the task

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4

4. Reports on status of fire and equipment are completed.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES

Indicators
1. The nature of the fire is correctly identified and its context correctly assessed
2. Appropriate fire fighting and safety equipment is selected and checked
3. Hazards are isolated
4. Fire is approached according to procedures
5. Changes in the fire are monitored and responded to
6. Retreat from the fire site is undertaken according to appropriate retreat procedures for
the type of fire
Understanding confirmed
1. Respond to `what if` and `why` questions covering:
 Applicable chemistry of fires
 Methods of fire transmission
 Types of fires
 Selection of fire fighting procedures for particular fires
 Prevention of fires
 Types, uses and operation of fire fighting and safety equipment
 Retreat procedures form fire
 Issues to consider when monitoring fire and site
 Handover procedures
 Reporting and recording requirements
2. Explain the implications of not adhering to sequence of activities and operations as
described in the specific outcomes and making decisions inappropriate to the task

SPECIFIC OUTCOME 5

Retreat from fire site and hand over to appropriate personnel

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1

1. An understanding of procedures for dealing with fires in the workplace is demonstrated.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES

Indicators
1. The nature of the fire is correctly identified and its context correctly assessed
2. Appropriate fire fighting and safety equipment is selected and checked
3. Hazards are isolated
4. Fire is approached according to procedures
5. Changes in the fire are monitored and responded to
6. Retreat from the fire site is undertaken according to appropriate retreat procedures for
the type of fire
Understanding confirmed
1. Respond to `what if` and `why` questions covering:
< Applicable chemistry of fires
 Methods of fire transmission
 Types of fires
 Selection of fire fighting procedures for particular fires
 Prevention of fires
 Types, uses and operation of fire fighting and safety equipment
 Retreat procedures form fire
 Issues to consider when monitoring fire and site
 Handover procedures

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  Reporting and recording requirements
2. Explain the implications of not adhering to sequence of activities and operations as
described in the specific outcomes and making decisions inappropriate to the task

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2

2. Fires are contained and/or extinguished.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES

Indicators
1. The nature of the fire is correctly identified and its context correctly assessed
2. Appropriate fire fighting and safety equipment is selected and checked
3. Hazards are isolated
4. Fire is approached according to procedures
5. Changes in the fire are monitored and responded to
6. Retreat from the fire site is undertaken according to appropriate retreat procedures for
the type of fire
Understanding confirmed
1. Respond to `what if` and `why` questions covering:
 Applicable chemistry of fires
 Methods of fire transmission
 Types of fires
 Selection of fire fighting procedures for particular fires
 Prevention of fires
 Types, uses and operation of fire fighting and safety equipment
 Retreat procedures form fire
 Issues to consider when monitoring fire and site
 Handover procedures
 Reporting and recording requirements
2. Explain the implications of not adhering to sequence of activities and operations as
described in the specific outcomes and making decisions inappropriate to the task

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3

3. The fire and/or the site are handed over to the appropriate personnel.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES

Indicators
1. The nature of the fire is correctly identified and its context correctly assessed
2. Appropriate fire fighting and safety equipment is selected and checked
3. Hazards are isolated
4. Fire is approached according to procedures
5. Changes in the fire are monitored and responded to
6. Retreat from the fire site is undertaken according to appropriate retreat procedures for
the type of fire
Understanding confirmed
1. Respond to 'what if' and 'why' questions covering:
 Applicable chemistry of fires
 Methods of fire transmission
 Types of fires
 Selection of fire fighting procedures for particular fires
 Prevention of fires
 Types, uses and operation of fire fighting and safety equipment
 Retreat procedures form fire
 Issues to consider when monitoring fire and site
 Handover procedures
 Reporting and recording requirements
2. Explain the implications of not adhering to sequence of activities and operations as
described in the specific outcomes and making decisions inappropriate to the task

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4

4. Reports on status of fire and equipment are completed.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES

Indicators
1. The nature of the fire is correctly identified and its context correctly assessed
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 2. Appropriate fire fighting and safety equipment is selected and checked
3. Hazards are isolated
4. Fire is approached according to procedures
5. Changes in the fire are monitored and responded to
6. Retreat from the fire site is undertaken according to appropriate retreat procedures for
the type of fire
Understanding confirmed
1. Respond to `what if` and `why` questions covering:
 Applicable chemistry of fires
 Methods of fire transmission
 Types of fires
 Selection of fire fighting procedures for particular fires
 Prevention of fires
 Types, uses and operation of fire fighting and safety equipment
 Retreat procedures form fire
 Issues to consider when monitoring fire and site
 Handover procedures
 Reporting and recording requirements
2. Explain the implications of not adhering to sequence of activities and operations as
described in the specific outcomes and making decisions inappropriate to the task

SPECIFIC OUTCOME 6

Report/record status of fire and equipment

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1

1. An understanding of procedures for dealing with fires in the workplace is demonstrated.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES

Indicators
1. The nature of the fire is correctly identified and its context correctly assessed
2. Appropriate fire fighting and safety equipment is selected and checked
3. Hazards are isolated
4. Fire is approached according to procedures
5. Changes in the fire are monitored and responded to
6. Retreat from the fire site is undertaken according to appropriate retreat procedures for
the type of fire
Understanding confirmed
1. Respond to `what if` and `why` questions covering:
 Applicable chemistry of fires
 Methods of fire transmission
 Types of fires
 Selection of fire fighting procedures for particular fires
 Prevention of fires
 Types, uses and operation of fire fighting and safety equipment
 Retreat procedures form fire
 Issues to consider when monitoring fire and site
 Handover procedures
 Reporting and recording requirements
2. Explain the implications of not adhering to sequence of activities and operations as
described in the specific outcomes and making decisions inappropriate to the task.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2

2. Fires are contained and/or extinguished.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES

Indicators
1. The nature of the fire is correctly identified and its context correctly assessed
2. Appropriate fire fighting and safety equipment is selected and checked
3. Hazards are isolated
4. Fire is approached according to procedures
5. Changes in the fire are monitored and responded to
6. Retreat from the fire site is undertaken according to appropriate retreat procedures for

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 the type of fire
Understanding confirmed
1. Respond to `what if` and `why` questions covering:
 Applicable chemistry of fires
 Methods of fire transmission
 Types of fires
 Selection of fire fighting procedures for particular fires
 Prevention of fires
 Types, uses and operation of fire fighting and safety equipment
 Retreat procedures form fire
 Issues to consider when monitoring fire and site
 Handover procedures
 Reporting and recording requirements
2. Explain the implications of not adhering to sequence of activities and operations as
described in the specific outcomes and making decisions inappropriate to the task.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3

3. The fire and/or the site are handed over to the appropriate personnel.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES

Indicators
1. The nature of the fire is correctly identified and its context correctly assessed
2. Appropriate fire fighting and safety equipment is selected and checked
3. Hazards are isolated
4. Fire is approached according to procedures
5. Changes in the fire are monitored and responded to
6. Retreat from the fire site is undertaken according to appropriate retreat procedures for
the type of fire
Understanding confirmed
1. Respond to `what if` and `why` questions covering:
 Applicable chemistry of fires
 Methods of fire transmission
 Types of fires
 Selection of fire fighting procedures for particular fires
 Prevention of fires
 Types, uses and operation of fire fighting and safety equipment
 Retreat procedures form fire
 Issues to consider when monitoring fire and site
 Handover procedures
 Reporting and recording requirements
2. Explain the implications of not adhering to sequence of activities and operations as
described in the specific outcomes and making decisions inappropriate to the task.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4

4. Reports on status of fire and equipment are completed.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION NOTES

Indicators
1. The nature of the fire is correctly identified and its context correctly assessed
2. Appropriate fire fighting and safety equipment is selected and checked
3. Hazards are isolated
4. Fire is approached according to procedures
5. Changes in the fire are monitored and responded to
6. Retreat from the fire site is undertaken according to appropriate retreat procedures for
the type of fire
Understanding confirmed
1. Respond to `what if` and `why` questions covering:
 Applicable chemistry of fires
 Methods of fire transmission
 Types of fires
 Selection of fire fighting procedures for particular fires
 Prevention of fires
 Types, uses and operation of fire fighting and safety equipment
 Retreat procedures form fire
 Issues to consider when monitoring fire and site

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  Handover procedures
 Reporting and recording requirements
2. Explain the implications of not adhering to sequence of activities and operations as
described in the specific outcomes and making decisions inappropriate to the task.

UNIT STANDARD ACCREDITATION AND MODERATION OPTIONS

The assessment will be governed by the policies and guidelines of the relevant Education
and Training Quality Assurance Bodyr (ETQA) who has jurisdiction over this field of learning.

The assessor will be accredited and have a technical qualification in this learning area.
The learner can be assessed in the language of his/her choice although if s/he has to report
incidents or conditions to some one else, s/he will be assessed on his/her ability to report in
the language commonly used in the working environment.
The learner will be assessed in the workplace or by simulation, but can submit documents,
projects, test results and assignments that are not produced in the workplace or by the RPL
process.
The learner can be assessed against this unit standard to obtain credits or as part of an
integrated assessment for a qualification.

UNIT STANDARD ESSENTIAL EMBEDDED KNOWLEDGE

1. Names & functions of:

 Fire fighting equipment
 Symbols on fire fighting equipment
 Safety equipment
2. Purpose of:
 Identifying the nature of a fire
3. Attributes, descriptions, characteristics & properties:
 Ideal condition of fire fighting equipment
 Factors that change the nature of a fire
4. Cause and effect, implications of:
 Implications of using defective fire fighting equipment
 Implications of failing to correctly detect the nature and context of a fire
5. Procedures and techniques:
 Fire fighting methods
 Procedures for monitoring a fire
 Retreat procedures for all kinds of fires
 Handover procedures
 Recording and reporting procedures
6. Regulations, legislation, agreements, policies, standards:
 Applicable safety, health and environmental protection legislation
 Applicable organisational policies and procedures
7. Theory: rules, principles, laws:
 Applicable chemistry of fire: the triangle of combustion, elimination factors, transmission
or spread
8. Relationships, systems:
 Relationship between the nature and context of a fire and the fire fighting technique
applied

UNIT STANDARD DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOME

N/A

UNIT STANDARD LINKAGES

N/A

Critical Cross-field Outcomes (CCFO):

UNIT STANDARD CCFO IDENTIFYING

Identify and solve problems:

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  Related to identifying the nature and context of a fire

UNIT STANDARD CCFO WORKING

Work effectively with others:

 To fight fires

UNIT STANDARD CCFO ORGANISING

Organise and manage myself and my activities:

 To ensure that all required fire fighting equipment is at hand when needed

UNIT STANDARD CCFO COLLECTING

Collect, analyse, organise and critically evaluate information:

 Related to compiling a report on the status of the fire and fire fighting equipment

UNIT STANDARD CCFO COMMUNICATING

Communicate effectively:

 When handing over the fire and/or site to emergency personnel

UNIT STANDARD CCFO SCIENCE

Use science and technology effectively and critically:

 Apply chemistry of fire concepts

UNIT STANDARD CCFO DEMONSTRATING

Demonstrate an understanding of the world as a set of related systems:

 Explain the relationship between the nature and context of a fire and the fire fighting
technique applied

All qualifications and unit standards registered on the National Qualifications Framework are public
property. Thus the only payment that can be made for them is for service and reproduction. It is illegal to
sell this material for profit. If the material is reproduced or quoted, the South African Qualifications
Authority (SAQA) should be acknowledged as the source.

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Purpose of this Unit Standard:
The skills, values and knowledge reflected in this unit standard are required by people in the
field of manufacturing and engineering.
The learning outcomes in this unit standard also contribute to the exit level outcomes required
for various manufacturing and engineering qualifications.
Qualifying learners can select and use the appropriate fire fighting equipment to extinguish or
control fires in the workplace.

How the Learning Programme will help you

The learning programme will help you develop various important skills that you will be able to
apply to the workplace in which you work, but also to other places in your life, because fires
don’t only happen at work. The learning programme will teach you how to recognise fires and
know what to do to extinguish them in a safe way to prevent yourself and other people from
getting hurt. Also, the skills you learn here will help you perhaps get a job in the health and
safety field, or even as a fire-fighter.

Learning Assumed to be in Place

This unit standard has been designed as part of a progression. It is one of a series of unit
standards for safety, health and environmental protection in the field of manufacturing and
engineering.

Where does this Unit Standard fit in?

The unit standard is part of a series of safety, health and environmental unit standards that you
will do while completing the National Certificate in Lifting Machine Operations. The other unit
standards include 116533, 259619 and 116534 that will all help you understand health and
safety in the workplace very well.

Specific Outcomes and Assessment Criteria

SO 1: Discuss and explain procedures for dealing with fires in the workplace
 An understanding of procedures for dealing with fires in the workplace is demonstrated.
 Fires are contained and/or extinguished.
 The fire and/or the site are handed over to the appropriate personnel.
 Reports on status of fire and equipment are completed.

SO 2: Identify the type of fire, its context and select the appropriate fire fighting
procedure
 An understanding of procedures for dealing with fires in the workplace is demonstrated.

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  Fires are contained and/or extinguished.
 The fire and/or the site are handed over to the appropriate personnel.
 Reports on status of fire and equipment are completed.

SO 3: Identify, select and check appropriate fire fighting and safety equipment
 An understanding of procedures for dealing with fires in the workplace is demonstrated.
 Fires are contained and/or extinguished.
 The fire and/or the site are handed over to the appropriate personnel.
 Reports on status of fire and equipment are completed.

SO 4: Fight containable/extinguishable fires

 An understanding of procedures for dealing with fires in the workplace is demonstrated.
 Fires are contained and/or extinguished.
 The fire and/or the site are handed over to the appropriate personnel.
 Reports on status of fire and equipment are completed.

SO 5: Retreat from fire site and hand over to appropriate personnel

 An understanding of procedures for dealing with fires in the workplace is demonstrated.
 Fires are contained and/or extinguished.
 The fire and/or the site are handed over to the appropriate personnel.
 Reports on status of fire and equipment are completed.

SO 6: Report/record status of fire and equipment

 An understanding of procedures for dealing with fires in the workplace is demonstrated.
 Fires are contained and/or extinguished.
 The fire and/or the site are handed over to the appropriate personnel.
 Reports on status of fire and equipment are completed.

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Unit Standard 12484 – Perform Basic Fire Fighting

LEARNER OUTCOMES SPECIFIC EEKs CCFO

OUTCOMES
Procedures for Fighting SO 1 Applicable safety, health Organising,
Fires and environmental communicating
protection legislation
Applicable organisational
policies and procedures
Relationships, systems:
Relationship between the
nature and context of a
fire and the fire fighting
technique applied
The Different Types of Fire SO 2 Purpose of identifying the Identifying,
nature of a fire organising,
communicating,
science
Safety Equipment SO 3 Names & functions of: Identifying,
Fire fighting equipment working,
Symbols on fire fighting demonstrating,
equipment organising
Safety equipment
Cause and effect,
implications of:
Implications of using
defective fire fighting
equipment
Implications of failing to
correctly detect the
nature and context of a
fire
Fighting Fires SO 4 and 5 Attributes, descriptions, Working,
characteristics & demonstrating,
properties: science,
Ideal condition of fire identifying,
fighting equipment communicating,
Factors that change the collecting
nature of a fire
Procedures and
techniques:
Fire fighting methods
Procedures for
monitoring a fire
 Retreat procedures
for all kinds of fires
Handover procedures
Recording and Reporting on SO 6 Recording and reporting Communicating,
Fires procedures collecting

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 Perform Basic Fire Fighting
Learning Unit Outcomes

LEARNING UNIT 1: PROCEDURES FOR FIGHTING FIRES

After completing this learning unit, the learner should be able to:
 Explain the implications of not adhering to sequence of activities and operations as
described in the specific outcomes and making decisions inappropriate to the task

LEARNING UNIT 2: THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF FIRE

After completing this learning unit, the learner should be able to:
 Explain the applicable chemistry of fires
 Explain methods of fire transmission
 List and discuss types of fires

LEARNING UNIT 3: SAFETY EQUIPMENT

After completing this learning unit, the learner should be able to:
 Select and check appropriate fire fighting and safety equipment
 Explain types, uses and operation of fire fighting and safety equipment

LEARNING UNIT 4: FIGHTING FIRES

After completing this learning unit, the learner should be able to:
 Identify the nature of the fire correctly and correctly assess its context
 Isolate hazards
 Approach the fire according to procedures
 Monitor and respond to changes in the fire
 Retreat from the fire site according to appropriate retreat procedures for the type of fire
 Demonstrate the selection of fire fighting procedures for particular fires
 Demonstrate the prevention of fires
 Demonstrate handover procedures

LEARNING UNIT 5: RECORDING AND REPORTING ON FIRES

After completing this learning unit, the learner should be able to:
 Understand and use reporting and recording requirements

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 Perform Basic Fire Fighting
LEARNING UNIT 1
Procedures for Fighting Fires

LEARNING UNIT OUTCOMES

After completing this learning unit, the learner should be able to:
 Explain the implications of not adhering to sequence of activities and operations as
described in the specific outcomes and making decisions inappropriate to the task

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WHY ARE PROCEDURES SO IMPORTANT
Procedures and knowing them are very important, because they allow you to do something
without having to work out how it has to be done. This means that procedures allow you to
respond to a hazard in a pre-determined way which has been designed to be safe and effective
for all those involved. In terms of fire-fighting, this means that while adhering to procedures you
are more likely to fight the fire effectively and be safe while doing so.

WHAT PROCEDURES DO YOU USE?

Exercise 1
The procedures are listed in various sections of the book, starting with
procedures to deal with various fires in the next learning unit. Divide into
groups of 3 and write down all the procedures you can find described in your workplace.
See how well these match up with the procedures described in the learner manual.

WHAT HAPPENS IF YOU DON’T ADHERE TO PROCEDURES?

As mentioned previously, procedures are designed to be effective and maximise safety of the
individuals following them. The consequences of not correctly following procedures can be
varied, from simply taking longer to fight the fire all the way up to having the fire become out of
control with damage to property and at worst, the loss of life.

Exercise 2
Imagine that you are fighting an oil fire, and you douse it with water,
which is not what procedures are recommended. Discuss with the class
what you think the consequences of this action could potentially be.

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 Perform Basic Fire Fighting

LEARNING UNIT 2
The Different Types of Fire

LEARNING UNIT OUTCOMES

After completing this learning unit, the learner should be able to:
 Explain the applicable chemistry of fires
 Explain methods of fire transmission
 List and discuss types of fires

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THE CHEMISTRY OF FIRES
There are three requirements for starting and maintaining a fire:
 Fuel - wood, paper, oil, textiles, flammable gases etc.
 An oxidant - usually oxygen from the air, but may be a chemical in contact with the fuel.
Think of fire as having to breathe.
 Heat - the temperature must be greater than the ignition temperature of the fuel
Because of these three things that are needed to maintain a fire, there are three ways in which
to stop a fire:
 Starvation - cutting off the fuel supply
 Smothering - separating the fuel from the oxidant
 Cooling - lower the temperature, usually with water

METHODS OF FIRE TRANSMISSION

Fires move towards things that can sustain them, meaning that they will tend to move towards
fuel, oxygen and heat. This means that fires can spread very quickly and unexpectedly.

TYPES OF FIRES
There are different types of fires that are divided on the type of flammable material that is
burning. This is important because from this you can determine what types of procedures need
to be used to fight the fire. It is important to use the correct procedure for the correct class of
fire, since using another procedure can result in the fire becoming worse (for instance, using
water on a class B fire)
Class A fires burn ordinary combustible materials such as paper, wood, cardboard, and most
plastics.
Class B fires involve flammable or combustible liquids such as fuel, kerosene, grease and oil.
Class C fires involve electrical equipment, such as appliances, wiring, circuit breakers and
outlets. Never use water to extinguish class C fires - the risk of electrical shock is far too great!
Class D fires involve combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, potassium and
sodium.

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PROCEDURES FOR DEALING WITH VARIOUS TYPES OF FIRES
The main way of putting out a fire is to use a fire extinguisher like the one shown below:

How can you tell which fires an extinguisher can effectively and safely put out?
Some fires may involve a combination of these classifications. Your fire extinguishers should
have ABC ratings on them.
Here are the most common types of fire extinguishers:
 Water extinguishers or APW extinguishers air-pressurized water) are suitable for class
A fires only.
Never use a water extinguisher on grease fires, electrical fires or class D fires -
the flames will spread and make the fire bigger! Water extinguishers are filled with water
and pressurized with oxygen. Again - water extinguishers can be very dangerous in the
wrong type of situation. Only fight the fire if you're certain it contains ordinary
combustible materials only.
 Dry chemical extinguishers come in a variety of types and are suitable for a
combination of class A, B and C fires. These are filled with foam or powder and
pressurized with nitrogen.
 BC This is the regular type of dry chemical extinguisher. It is filled with sodium
bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate. The BC variety leaves a mildly corrosive residue
which must be cleaned immediately to prevent any damage to materials.

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  ABC This is the multipurpose dry chemical extinguisher. The ABC type is filled with
mono-ammonium phosphate, a yellow powder that leaves a sticky residue that may be
damaging to electrical appliances such as a computer.
 Dry chemical extinguishers have an advantage over CO2 extinguishers since they
leave a non-flammable substance on the extinguished material, reducing the likelihood
of re-ignition.
 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) extinguishers are used for class B and C fires. CO2
extinguishers contain carbon dioxide, a non-flammable gas, and are highly pressurized.
The pressure is so great that it is not uncommon for bits of dry ice to shoot out the
nozzle. They don't work very well on class A fires because they may not be able to
displace enough oxygen to put the fire out, causing it to re-ignite.
CO2 extinguishers have an advantage over dry chemical extinguishers since they don't
leave a harmful residue - a good choice for an electrical fire on a computer or other
favourite electronic device such as a stereo or TV.

It is vital to know what type of extinguisher you are using. Using the wrong type of
extinguisher for the wrong type of fire can be life-threatening.
Look for the fire class symbols. Every manufacturer use symbols that tell you at a glance which
classes of fire the extinguisher is rated for. They appear on the label as either the class letter
inside an icon: A in a green triangle, B in a red square and C in a blue circle:

What size do I need?

There are several considerations here. The primary ones are size and heft. A unit that's too
bulky and heavy is useless. Choose a unit that the smallest adult in your home can handle.
But you also need to consider the size of fire the extinguisher is rated to put out. UL determines
the latter qualifier. After using an extinguisher on fires of various sizes, an examiner translates

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the results into a numerical code that accompanies the rated class. The numbers range from 1
to 40 for a Class A rating, and 1 to 640 for Class B. Class C fires get no numerical rating,
because they're caused by an electrically energized A or B fuel.
The higher the number, the larger the fire the unit can handle. Unfortunately, the more fire an
extinguisher can put out, the bigger and heavier it is.
Your best bet: Buy an extinguisher that's rated highly, yet light enough for all adults in the
house to handle. As a rule extinguishers with a 5-A: 21-B:C rating. That means it will put out a
Class A fire that it should put out a Class B fire and that it works on electrical fires.

Should I choose a disposable or rechargeable model?

There's no easy answer; it depends on your habits and values. Disposable models last about
12 years before they lose pressure and must be discarded. They weigh and cost the least.
Rechargeable models can be refilled and pressurized after use and if they lose pressure.
They're usually made of more durable materials, with metal head and discharge parts instead
of the plastic found in most disposables. On the downside, rechargeables should receive a
yearly check by a certified technician for pressure and defects. Servicing rates vary, so
compare companies. And if you buy a rechargeable extinguisher from a store without on-site
service, be sure it can be serviced locally. Rechargeable models cost more than disposables.

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 Perform Basic Fire Fighting

LEARNING UNIT 3
Safety Equipment

LEARNING UNIT OUTCOMES

After completing this learning unit, the learner should be able to:
 Select and check appropriate fire fighting and safety equipment
 Explain types, uses and operation of fire fighting and safety equipment

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FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT
The most important fire fighting piece of equipment is the fire extinguisher. Unless you are
planning to become a professional fire fighter, this is probably the only piece of equipment that
you will use while fighting a fire.

SAFETY EQUIPMENT
If you have time while fighting a fire, there is a lot of safety equipment that can be used to make
the fire fighting safer. This includes:

Protective clothing:
Foot wear:

Eye protection Fire hoods

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Exercise 3
Practice checking all the safety and fire fighting equipment. The facilitator will
demonstrate how to do this.
WHAT EQUIPMENT FOR WHAT FIRE?
You don’t need all of this equipment for all sorts of fires, though it does increase the safety of
fighting fires.

Exercise 4
What sort of equipment would you need to fight an electrical fire? Discuss this
will the class.
 Perform Basic Fire Fighting

LEARNING UNIT 4
Fighting Fires

LEARNING UNIT OUTCOMES

After completing this learning unit, the learner should be able to:
 Identify the nature of the fire correctly and correctly assess its context
 Isolate hazards
 Approach the fire according to procedures
 Monitor and respond to changes in the fire
 Retreat from the fire site according to appropriate retreat procedures for the type of fire
 Demonstrate the selection of fire fighting procedures for particular fires
 Demonstrate the prevention of fires
 Demonstrate handover procedures
All fires can be very dangerous and life-threatening. Your safety should always be your primary
concern when attempting to fight a fire.
Before deciding to fight a fire, be certain that:
 The fire is small and not spreading.
 A fire can double in size within two or three minutes
 You have the proper fire extinguisher for what is burning
 The fire won't block your exit if you can't control it.
 A good way to ensure this is to keep the exit at your back
 You know your fire extinguisher works. Inspect extinguishers once a month for dents,
leaks or other signs of damage.
 Assure the pressure is at the recommended level.
 On extinguishers equipped with a gauge, the needle should be in the green zone - not
too high and not too low.
 You know how to use your fire extinguisher (see PASS test below).

There's not enough time to read instructions when a fire occurs

Before using your fire extinguisher, be sure to read the instructions before it's too late. Although
there are many different types of fire extinguishers, all of them operate in a similar manner.
Use this acronym as a quick reference

P.A.S.S
Pull the Pin at the top of the extinguisher. The pin releases a locking mechanism and will allow
you to discharge the extinguisher.

Aim at the base of the fire, not the flames. This is important - in order to put out the fire, you
must extinguish the fuel.

Squeeze the lever slowly. This will release the extinguishing agent in the extinguisher. If the
handle is released, the discharge will stop.

Sweep from side to side. Using a sweeping motion, move the fire extinguisher back and forth
until the fire is completely out. Operate the extinguisher from a safe distance, several feet
away, and then move towards the fire once it starts to diminish. Be sure to read the instructions
on your fire extinguisher - different fire extinguishers recommend operating them from different
distances. Remember: Aim at the base of the fire, not at the flames!!!!

How to Fight a Fire Safely:

Always stand with an exit at your back.
Stand several feet away from the fire, moving closer once the fire starts to diminish.
Use a sweeping motion and aim at the base of the fire.
If possible, use a "buddy system" to have someone back you up or call for help if something
goes wrong.
Be sure to watch the area for awhile to ensure it doesn't re-ignite.

Never Fight A Fire If:

 The fire is spreading rapidly. Only use a fire extinguisher when the fire is in its early
stages
 If the fire is already spreading quickly, evacuate and call the fire department.
 You don't know what is burning. Unless you know what is burning, you won't know
what type of fire extinguisher to use.
 Even if you have an ABC extinguisher, there could be something that will explode or
produce highly toxic smoke.
 You don't have the proper fire extinguisher. The wrong type of extinguisher can be
dangerous or life-threatening.
 There is too much smoke or you are at risk of inhaling smoke. Seven out of ten fire-
related deaths occur from breathing poisonous gases produced by the fire

Any sort of fire will produce some amount of carbon monoxide, the most deadly gas produced
by a fire.
Materials such as wool, silk, nylon and some plastics can produce other highly toxic gases such
as carbon dioxide, hydrogen cyanide, or hydrogen chloride. Beware - all of these can be fatal.
Smoke inhalation or exposure to fire itself can be life threatening so get educated about the
basics in CPR and burn treatment.

Exercise 5
You will now apply these techniques to various types of fires. Follow
procedures and show how you would extinguish the fire as well as how you
would hand over to the professionals.
HOW DO YOU PREVENT FIRES?
The best way to prevent fires is to detect them early, which allows them to be fought before
they gain in intensity and spread from their place of origin. Sprinklers which are automatically
activated by heat can put out a fire in its early stages.
Fire detectors which raise an alarm can work on three principles- heat, light or smoke detection.
With heat there are several types. They can be activated by the melting of a metal component,
by movement of a bimetallic strip, of by change in electrical conductance of a material above a
certain temperature. With light either infra-red or ultra-violet light is detected; they "see" the
flame and activate an alarm.
Fire can be prevented by using non-combustible materials where possible. These materials do
not burn and of course are widely used in construction and include concrete, tiles and glass.
 Perform Basic Fire Fighting

LEARNING UNIT 5
Recording and Reporting on Fires

LEARNING UNIT OUTCOMES

After completing this learning unit, the learner should be able to:
 Understand and use reporting and recording requirements
WHY DO YOU RECORD AND REPORT FIRES?
It is important when working in a factory or other workplace to report fires when they happen.
This allows for management to understand what caused the fire and prevent it from happening
again. Reporting fires and the status thereof helps keep everybody informed and safe.

HOW DO YOU RECORD AND REPORT FIRES?

Exercise 6
Each workplace has a different way of recording and reporting fires. Find out
what your policies and procedures are for this, and then complete the forms
detailing the fires that you fought in the previous learning unit.

ADDITIONAL READING
Essentials of Fire Fighting by Richard Hall
Firefighting Principles & Practice by William E. Clark