POLITICAL CH-3

CONSTITUTIONAL DESIGN
BY KAPIL LAVANIA
FOR CLASS 9TH
IMPORTANTS DATES:-
JULY 1946:-Election to be held for the
constitute assembly.
NOV 1949:-On 26 this assembly adopted
constitution.
JAN 1950:-The constitution came into force on
26th Jan.
1950:-The blacks colored and the Indian
brought against apartheid system.
26 APRIL 1994:-South Africa declared as a
democratic republic country.
DEFINITIONS:-
(i)APARTHEID:-The official policy of racial
separation and treatment of blacks followed by
the government of South Africa between 1948
to 1989.
(ii)CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY:-An assembly of
people’s representatives that writes a
constitution for a country.
(iii)CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT:-A change
in the constitution made by the supreme
legislative body in a country.
(iv)CONSTITUTION:-Supreme law of a country,
containing fundamental rules, governing the
politics and society in a country.
(v)PREAMBLE:-An introductory statement in a
constitution which states the reasons and
guiding values of the constitution.
(vi)TREASON:-The offence of attempting to
overthrow the government of the states to
which offender owes allegiance(to have an
obligation to be loyal to someone).
SUMMARY OF LESSON:-
(i)A constitution is a body of a law to govern a
states the power and function of organization
and the structure of three organ of govt
legislative, executive and judiciary.
(ii)The system of government of South Africa
was a apartheid the name of a system of racial
discrimination before the new constitution
came into force at midnight of 26th April 1994.
(iii)Since 1950 the blacks colored and Indians
brought against apartheid system.
(iv)As far back as 1928 Moti lal Nehru and eight
other congress leaders drafted a constitution for
India.
(v)Our constitution was formed by constituent
assembly which elected according to cabinet
mission proposal of 16th May 1946. There
were 389 total members but after the partition
of India on August 15, 1947. The strength of
constitute Assembly got reduce to 308
members.
(vi)Constituent Assembly started its work on
9th December 1946 with Dr. Sachhidanand as
its interim president but two days later Dr.
Rajendra Prasad was elected as a president of
Constituent Assembly.
(vii)The constituent Assembly drafted
committee was appointed on 29th Aug 1947.
The head of the committee was Dr B.R
Ambedkar who was its chairman and Mr. B.N
Rav was the secretary of the constituent
Assembly.
(viii)Constitution was adopted on 26th Nov
1949. It receives the assent(permission) of the
president of the constituent Assembly Dr.
Rajendra Prasad and other members.
(ix)Constituent Assembly took 2 years 11
months 18 days in making its Constitution.
(x)Preamble contains the ideals and basic
principles of the Indian constitution.
 MEANING OF CONSTITUTION:-
(i)The constitution of a country is a set of written
rules that are accepted by all people living
together in a country.
(ii)Constitution is the supreme law that
determining the relationship among citizen and
also the relationship between the govt and
people.
(iii)According to Gilchrist, Constitution of state is
that body of rules or law written or unwritten
which determines the organization of
government, the distribution of powers and
general principles on which these powers are to
be exercise.
THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSTITUTION IN A
DEMOCRATIC COUNTRY:-
(i)A constitution signifies independence is lay
down the basis structure of the government
under which people are to be governed.
(ii)It establish the main organ of the
government –legislative, the executive and the
judiciary. It not only defined the power of each
government it democrats their responsibility
and regulates the relationship between three
organ.
(iii)In democratic country the power of
government are clearly defined in the
constitution and so nobody can misuse them.
(iv)In democratic country the constitution is of
great importance as it safeguard the rights of
the citizen.
(v)The constitution is as index of aspirations of
the people it is a living document constantly
growing and evolving according to the needs
and aspiration of the people as well as the
functioning institution.
QUESTION:-
1. What is the importance of a constitution in a
democratic country?
 THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INDIAN
CONSTITUTION:-
(i)There is no doubt that our constitution is a
long and written detail.
(ii)It seems to have been influenced by other
constitution of the world like Britain, America
and Canada.
(iii)It has all the features of federation.
a. A written constitution.
b. A dual policy (central and state govt.).
c. Division of power.
d. Supreme court which act as the final in the
constitution.
(iv)The constitution contains the fundamental
rights and lists some fundamental duties(to
uphold the unity of India) also.
(v)The duties of a welfare state have been
clearly lay down under directive principle of
state policy.
(vi)The constitution prohibited discrimination
on religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.
(vii)It declares that the official language of the
union shall be Hindi in devanagri script.
QUESTION:-
1. Write the feature or characteristics of Indian
constitution ?
THE CHALLENGES FACED BY INDIAN
CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY:-
(i)Communal disturbance on the eve(period or
day of time) of Independence and after
country partition took a heavy people of life.
(ii)Removal of poverty and backward class
also a challenging task.
(iii)Introduction of democracy at all levels of
government.
(iv)Rule of law and independent judiciary.
(v)Democracy at the grass roots ex- Panchayati
raj Institution and municipal institution.
(vi)The creation of an efficient administration.
(vii)To ensure efficiency in administration civil
servants are appointed surly on the basic of
merits.
QUESTION:-
[Link] the challenges faced by Indian
constitute assembly?
THE DIFFICULTIES FACED DURING THE
MAKING OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION:-
(i)The making of the constitution for a huge and
diverse country like India was not an easy task.
(ii)At that time the people of India were
emerging from the states of subject prove that
of citizen.
(iii)The country was brought through a partition
on the basis of religious difference.
(iv)The British had left it to the rulers of
princely states to decide whether they wanted
to merge with India or with Pakistan or remain
independent. The merger of these princely
states was a difficult and uncertain in task.
(v)When the constitution was being return the
future of the country did not look as secure as
it does today.
QUESTION:-
1. What were the difficulty faced during the
making of Indian constitution?
A CONSTITUTION IS A LIVING DOCUMENTS:-
(i)It is not a mere lawyers document.
(ii)It is constantly growing and evolving
according to the needs, requirements, and
aspirations of the functioning institution.
(iii)It can be amended according to needs and
aspirations of the society.
QUESTION:-
1. “A constitution is a living document” explain
the statement?
INDIAN CONSTITUTION IS BOTH RIGID AND
FLEXIBLE:-
(i)Usually the federal constitution is right but
our constitution present a mixture of flexibility
and rigidity.
(ii)Some part of it can be amended by
parliament by simple majority or other parts
are less flexible.
(iii)To make change in any constitution or
amendment is required two-third members of
votes of both houses( Lok Shaba and Rajya
Shaba).
(iv)They require for their amendment a two-
third majority of both houses plus ratification
of the legislatures of not less than one half of
the states.
 OUR CONSTITUTION IS VERY LONG AND DETAIL:
-
(i)The constitution is attached by the constituent
Assembly had 395 articles and 8 schedules
while know own words 470 articles and 12
schedules (which are grouped into 25 parts and
amended 104 times till jan2019).
The extra ordinary bulk of the constitution is due
to several reasons:-
(a)A detailed description of the legislative,
administrative and financial relations between
union and state.
(b)Provision of safeguards for the minorities,
the scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes.
(c)Inclusion of matters such as public service
commission election and other thing, most of
which could be regulated by ordinary laws of
land.
QUESTION:-
1.“Our constitution is very long and detail”?
Explain the statement.
IMPORTANCE OF PREAMBLES:-
(i)It contain the philosophy on which the entire
constitution has been built.
(ii)It provide a standard to examine and
evaluate any law and action of government to
find out it is good or bad.
(iii)It is soul of Indian Constitution.
MAIN FEATURES OF THE PARLIAMENTARY
SYSTEM:-
(i)The president and state governor are
nominal heads of the executive.
(ii)The real power is vested in council of
minister headed by prime minister at the centre
and chief minister in the state.
(iii)The council of minister is jointly
responsible to parliament and the state
legislature which can be remove Prime/Chief
minister by passing vote of no confidence.
QUESTION:-
1. Give three feature of parliamentary system
that are had adopted in our country?
SVM KAMLA NAGAR