International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume 9 Issue 3, May-Jun 2025 Available Online: [Link] e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

Digitalization
Paul A. Adekunte1, Matthew N. O. Sadiku2, Janet O. Sadiku3
1
International Institute of Professional Security, Lagos, Nigeria
2
Roy G. Perry College of Engineering, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, USA
3
Juliana King University, Houston, TX, USA

ABSTRACT How to cite this paper: Paul A.

Digitalization is the process of leveraging digital technologies to Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet
transform business processes, operations, and workflows, to drive O. Sadiku "Digitalization" Published in
and enhance efficiency, productivity, and innovation. Digitalization International Journal
of Trend in
goes beyond mere digitization, which is the conversion of analog data
Scientific Research
into digital formats, by the use of digital tools to automate tasks, and Development
improve decision-making, and generate value (added value) for (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-
businesses and customers. Furthermore, digital transformation is a 6470, Volume-9 |
cultural shift which often involves reimaging business models and Issue-3, June 2025, IJTSRD81091
customer interactions, as a process that requires a combination of pp.657-665, URL:
technology innovation, organizational agility, often leading to [Link]/papers/[Link]
fundamental shifts in the way businesses operate, compete, and grow
in the digital age. The paper looks at digitalization, digitization, and Copyright © 2025 by author (s) and
digital transformation cum the pros and cons, and as well as their International Journal of Trend in
Scientific Research and Development
benefits to humanity.
Journal. This is an
KEYWORDS: Digitalization, digitization, digital transformation, Open Access article
technology, COVID-19, artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things distributed under the
(IoT), blockhain, cybersecurity, automation, Big Data, digital twin terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)
([Link]

INTRODUCTION
Organizations today are known to face increased networking possibilities and enables cooperation
pressure to adapt to the digital world, driving between different actors, who, for example exchange
businesses to evaluate strategies like digitalization, data and thus initiate processes. Hence, in this
digitization, and digital transformation, as shown in context, the DT of business model plays an essential
Figure 1. These terms are often used interchangeably, role because business models’ individual elements
but they represent distinctly different processes with that can be digitally transformed [2].
varying levels of complexity and strategic focus. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
However, each strategy serves a unique purpose,
The concise historical background on digitization,
starting from the foundational act of converting
digitalization, and digital transformation are as
analog data into digital formats to completely
presented below [3]:
reshaping business models for long-term growth. The 1. Digitization: Digitization is defined as the
above concepts must be well understood in order to
process of converting analog information into
make informed decisions tailored to organizational
digital formats. It is the foundational step toward
priorities [1].
digital technologies.
There is the question of what do vehicle makers like Historical Background:
Rosenbauer, logistics company DB Schenker,
 1950s-1970s: This was the advent of computers
compressor manufacturers such as Bauer, elevator
initiated digitization. Libraries and governments
producers like ThussenKrupp, and Hagleitner, a
began converting physical records into digital
hygiene goods corporation, have in common? They formats for storage and processing.
all use the potential of digitization to offer customers  1980s-1990s: The rise of personal computing and
smarter and faster services and actively shape their
scanning technologies allowed broader
business model’s digital transformation (DT), as
digitization of text, images, and audio.
shown in Figure 2. DT affects all sectors of society, in
particular economies. It also as well opens new

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD81091 | Volume – 9 | Issue – 3 | May-Jun 2025 Page 657
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ [Link] eISSN: 2456-6470
 2000s-Present: Mass digitization of archives,  It allows for better data analysis and insights,
books (e.g., Google Books), and media became leading to informed decision-making.
common, enabling digital storage and retrieval.
4. Cost reduction
2. Digitalization: Digitalization refers to the use of  Reduces the costs associated with manual
digital technologies to change business processes processes and physical infrastructure
and improve productivity [4, 5]:  Saves time and resources by minimizing errors
Historical background: and rework.
 1990s-2000s: As the internet grew, companies  Enables long-term cost savings through more
started to digitize workflows (e.g., online forms, efficient processes and reduced maintenance
email communication) and automate processes. costs.
 2010s: Widespread adoption of ERP systems, 5. Increased agility and responsiveness
CRM platforms, and cloud computing marked  It enables businesses to quickly respond to
deeper integration of digital tools in operations. changing market conditions and customer needs.
3. Digital Transformation: Digital transformation  It allows for rapid adaptation to new
is defined as a broader, strategic change that developments and opportunities.
leverages digital technologies to transform  It enhances competitiveness through innovation
business models, customer experiences, and and rapid adaptation to market changes.
organizational culture [6-8]: 6. Enhanced customer experience: Digitalization
Historical Background: offers personalized experiences, quicker
 2010s-Present: This is driven by advances in AI, responses, and tailored solutions, thereby
IoT, big data, and mobile technology, with boosting customer satisfaction.
businesses rethinking their entire value chains. 7. Faster time-to-market: Enables businesses to react
Digital transformation now affects not only faster to market changes and roll out products
business operations but also customer faster than competitors.
engagement, product design, and marketing
8. Improved resource management: Consolidates
strategies.
company resources, reducing overlap between
 COVID-19 Pandemic (2020): This led to
vendors and improving overall efficiency.
accelerated digital transformation globally, hence
pushing remote work, e-commerce, and services 9. Increased profitability: Improves efficiency and
adoption. profitability for companies, with 80% of
BENEFITS OF DIGITALIZATION organizations reporting increased profits after
digital transformation.
Digitalization offers numerous benefits to man, which
includes [9-12], as shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5: 10. Better sustainability: It can help move revenue
streams via improved sustainability by reducing
1. Increased efficiency
waste and promoting more environmentally
 Automates manual tasks, reducing time and effort
friendly practices. By digitizing processes and
required to complete tasks.
reducing the need for paper and other physical
 Streamlines business processes, freeing up
materials, businesses can reduce their impact on
employees to focus on more valuable activities.
the environment and promote sustainable
 It enables quicker turnaround times and faster
practices.
decision-making.
11. Increased accessibility regardless of location.
2. Improved collaboration and communication
 It enables real-time collaboration and 12. Broader access to information and education –
communication among team members. Digital platforms and the internet provide access
 Fosters innovation and collective problem- to a vast repository of knowledge, democratizing
solving. education and enabling individuals to learn and
 Removes friction from document collaboration, develop new skills at their own pace.
allowing multiple users to work together 13. Data-driven insights – This leads to gaining
simultaneously. valuable insights into customer behavior, market
3. Enhanced data management trends, and operational performance that would
 Enables quick access to information, enhancing result to more informed decision-making and
decision-making processes. improved strategies.
 Facilitates timely responses to market changes.

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD81091 | Volume – 9 | Issue – 3 | May-Jun 2025 Page 658
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ [Link] eISSN: 2456-6470
14. New revenue streams and business models – It innovation, and customer experience [19]. A
opens up new avenues for businesses to create requirement of a digital project twin (or digital twin
and offer innovative products and services, of the project) is the representation of data from
explore new markets, and build stronger customer information systems around the project lifecycle
relationships. management (PLM) with a focus from the formation
15. Improved sustainability – It can contribute to a idea through to the use phase, as shown in Figure 10.
more sustainable future by enabling energy DRAWBACKS OF DIGITALIZATION
efficiency, promoting renewable energy, and Digitalization has several drawbacks that affect
facilitating waste reduction. individuals, organizations, and the society as a whole.
16. Enhances global connectivity and collaboration – Some of the key drawbacks or disadvantages include
Enables businesses and individuals to collaborate [20-23]:
and interact across geographical boundaries, Social and economic drawbacks:
promoting economic growth and cultural  Digital divide: Digitalization can widen the gap
exchange. between developing and developed countries, as
17. Empowerment of individuals and businesses. well as between people with access to technology
and those without, as shown in Figure 11. This
ROLES OF AI, IoT, DIGITAL TWINS AND can lead to unequal opportunities and social
BLOCKCHAIN IN DIGITALIZATION exclusion.
1. Artificial intelligence (AI): Enabler of smart  Job displacement and inequality: Certain jobs can
automation and insights:- be replaced by automation and AI, particularly
AI enhances digitalization by automating tasks, those jobs requiring low to medium skill levels,
enabling predictive analysis, and supporting decision- thereby deepening income inequality and creating
making processes. Its key benefits are in the areas of economic imbalances, as shown in Figure 12.
predictive maintenance in manufacturing and smart  Biased decision-making: In this case, AI
cities, personalized services in e-commerce and algorithms can perpetuate biases, posing serious
healthcare, as well as automated customer support via issues in terms of social justice and equity.
chatbots [13, 14], as shown in Figures 6 and 7.
Environmental and health drawbacks [20, 21]:
2. Internet of Things (IoT): Data backbone of  Environmental deterioration: The production, use,
digitalization:- and disposal of digital technologies can harm the
IoT connects physical devices to the internet, environment, hence contributing to climate
enabling real-time data collection and smarter change and resource depletion.
infrastructure. The key benefits are: real-time  Reduction of physical health: The excessive use
monitoring in agriculture, logistics, and health; of digital technologies can lead to bodily
automation of homes, factories, and urban illnesses, diseases, or malfunction.
infrastructure (smart cities) and; enhanced operational  Increased stress and burnout: Being constantly
efficiency through sensor data [15, 16], as shown in online and the pressure to adapt to innovation can
Figure 8. threaten employees’ psychological and physical
3. Blockchain: Trust and transparency in digital wellbeing.
transactions:- Technological and organizational drawbacks [20-
Blockchain introduces decentralized, tamper-proof 23, 26, 27]:
data storage, crucial for secure and transparent digital  Complexity: Digitalization involves complex
interactions. Some of its key benefits include: secure technologies that require advanced technical
digital identity, and authentication systems; expertise, making it difficult for non-technical
transparent supply chains and logistics and; fraud users to interpret and understand data.
prevention in finance and governance [17, 18], as  Technological infrastructure and
shown in Figure 9. integration/Legacy systems: Digitizing data often
4. Digital twins: requires upgrading legacy systems, which can be
This plays a significant role in digitalization by time-consuming and costly.
enabling businesses to create virtual representations  Overdependence on technology: Digitalization
of physical objects, systems, or processes. This makes us heavily reliant on technology,
technology has various applications across industries, disrupting businesses and causing losses in case
including: predictive maintenance, operational of system failures or cyber attacks, and as well as
efficiency, improved decision-making, enhanced leading to vulnerabilities in critical infrastructure
and systems.

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD81091 | Volume – 9 | Issue – 3 | May-Jun 2025 Page 659
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ [Link] eISSN: 2456-6470
 Cybersecurity risks and privacy: Digitalization  Collaborate with educational institutions and tech
increases the risk of cyberattacks, data breaches, partners.
and privacy violations, compromising sensitive
5. Financial constraints [36, 37]:
information.
Challenge: High initial costs of digital transformation
OVERCOMING THE CHALLENGES FACING can be a deterrent, especially for SMEs.
DIGITALIZATION
Solution:
As transformative as digitalization may be, it also
 Leverage government subsidies and digitalization
presents several challenges as enumerated above
grants.
across industries. These include among others
 Start with small-scale pilots to demonstrate ROI
technological barriers, cybersecurity risks, resistance
before scaling.
to change, and need for new skills. The key strategies
to overcoming these hurdles are as outlined below: CONCLUSION
Conclusively, AI, IoT, and Blockchain collectively
1. Technological infrastructure and integration
drive digital transformation by automating processes,
[28, 29]:
enhancing data flows, and ensuring secure
Challenge: Many organizations struggle with
interactions. Their synergy leads to smarter, more
outdated IT systems and the complexity of integrating
efficient, and trustworthy systems across sectors like
new digital tools with legacy infrastructure.
healthcare, logistics, finance, education, and
Solution: governance. Overall, digitalization has the potential to
 The adoption of cloud computing and scalable drive significant benefits, but it requires careful
platforms to modernize infrastructure. consideration of the challenges and opportunities it
 Implement agile methodologies to facilitate presents.
phased integration and reduce disruption.
REFERENCES
2. Cybersecurity and data privacy [30, 31]: [1] H. Rizvi (April 2, 2025), “Digitization vs
Challenge: The increasing use of digital connectivity digitalization vs digital transformation:
leads to higher vulnerability to cyberattacks and data Complete guide,”
breaches. [Link]
Solution: digitalization-vs-digital-transformation-
 Develop a robust cybersecurity framework using complete-guide
multi-layered defenses. [2] D. Schallmo, C. A. Williams & L. Boardman
 Comply with international data protection laws (30 November 2017), “Digital transformation
(e.g., GDPR, CCPA). of business model – Best practice, enablers, and
3. Cultural resistance and change management roadmap,” International Journal of Innovation
[32, 33]: Management, vol. 21, no. 8, December 2017,
Challenge: Employees may resist digital 1740014. [Link]
transformation due to the fear of job displacement or transformation-of-business-model-best-
lack of digital literacy. practice-enablers-and-roadmap

Solution: [3] S. Lund, J. Manyika & S. Ramaswamy (2015),

 There is the need to implement change “The growing importance of digitization,”
management programs focused on McKinsey Global Institute.
communication and training, as shown in Figure [4] S. Brennen & D. Kreiss (2016),
13. “Digitalization,” In: The International
 Encourage a culture of innovation through Encyclopedia of Communication Theory and
leadership and incentives. Philosophy, Wiley.
4. Skills gap and talent shortage [34, 35]: [5] S. Kim, B. Choi and Y. K. Lew (August 2021),
Challenge: There is growing mismatch between “Where is the age of digitalization heading?
available workforce skills and those needed for digital The meaning, characteristics, and implications
roles. of contemporary digital transformation,”
Solution: Sustainability, vol. 13, no. 16: 8909.
 Need to invest in continuous learning, reskilling, Doi:10.3390/su13168909.
and upskilling programs. [6] G. Vial (2019), “Understanding digital
transformation: A review and research agenda,”

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD81091 | Volume – 9 | Issue – 3 | May-Jun 2025 Page 660
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ [Link] eISSN: 2456-6470
Journal of Strategic Information Systems, vol. [Link]
28, no. 2, pp. 118-144. peer-electronic-cash-system
[7] G. Westerman, D. Bonnet & A. McAfee [18] F. Casino et al. (2019), “A systemic literature
(2014), Leading digital: Turning technology review of blockchain-based applications:
into business transformation, Harvard Business Current status, classification and open issues,”
Review Press. Telematics and Informatics, vol. 36, pp. 55-81.
[8] R. Jha (March 3, 2024), “Digital transformation [19] S. Manickam et al. (January 2023),
from strategy to execution – Business “Unclocking the potential of Digital Twins: A
ecosystem strategy l Big Data business model comprehensive review of concepts,
maturity index and building blocks of digital,” frameworks, and industrial applications,” IEEE
[Link] Access, PP(99):1-1.
transformation-from-strategy-to-execution- Doi:10,1109/ACCESS.2023.3338530.
business-ecosystem-strategy-big-data-business-
[20] A. Astam (December 24, 2024), “The complex
model-maturity-index-and-building-blocks-of-
impacts of over-digitalization: Opportunities
digital
and threats,” [Link]
[9] J. McGuire (10/07/24), “The top 20 benefits of complex-impacts-of-over-digitalization-
digital transformation,” opportunities-and-threats
[Link]
[21] Knbbs-sharer (May 12, 2023), “The benefits
of-digital-transformation
and drawbacks of digitalization,”
[10] Stephen (June 12, 2024), “Top 10 benefits of [Link]
digital transformation,” drawbacks-of-digitalization
[Link]
[22] J. A. G. M van Dijk (2020), The digital divide,
digital-transformation
Polity Press.
[11] Quixy Editorial Team (February 11, 2025),
[23] M. Arntz, T. Gregory & U. Zierahn (2016),
“Top 15 impactful benefits of digital
“The risk of automation for jobs in OECD
transformation,” [Link]
Countries: A comparative analysis,” OECD
15-impacts-of-digital-transformation
Social, Employment and Migration Working
[12] P. Christiano (November 8, 2023), “2023 Papers, no. 189.
digitization benefits: Harness 7 strategic
[24] R. Clark (2001), “Risks and benefits of the
benefits,” [Link]
digital era,” Australian National University.
digitization-benefits-harness-7-strategic-
benefits [25] J.M. Twenge et al. (2018), “ Increase in
depressive symptoms, suicide-related
[13] B. Matt (2018), “Artificial intelligence in
outcomes, and suicide rates among US
practice: How 50 successful companies used AI
adolescents after 2010 and links to increased
and Machine Learning to solve problems,”
new media screen time,” Clinical
Wiley.
Psychological Science, vol. 6, no. 1, 3-17.
[14] A. Zhang et al. (2021), “Artificial intelligence
[26] H. Gimpel and F. Schmied (June 2019), (PDF),
in digital transformation: A review,” IEEE
“Risks and side effects of digitalization: A
Access. Vol. 9, pp. 13230-13252.
multi-level taxonomy of the adverse effects of
[15] J. Gubbi et al. (2013), “Internet of Things using digital technologies and media.”
(IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and
[27] D. J. Solove (2006), “A taxonomy of privacy,”
future directions,” Future Generation
University of Pennsylvania Law Review, vol.
Computer Systems, vol. 29, no. 7, pp. 1645-
154, no. 3, 477-564.
1660.
[28] Gartner (2020), “Digital business
[16] O. Vermesan & P. Friess (eds.) (2014),
transformation: A Gartner Trend Insight
“Internet of Things – From Research and
Report.”
Innovation to Market Deployment,” Rivers
Publishers. [29] G. Westerman, D. Bonnet & A. McAfee
(2014), “Leading digital: Turning technology
[17] S. Nakamoto (2008), “Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer
into Business Transformation,” Business
electronic cash system.”
Harvard Review Press.

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD81091 | Volume – 9 | Issue – 3 | May-Jun 2025 Page 661
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ [Link] eISSN: 2456-6470
[30] ENISA (2021), Threat Landscape Report.
[31] N. Kshetri (2017), The emerging role of Big
Data in key development issues: Opportunities,
challenges, and concerns,” Big Data for
Development.
[32] J. P. Kotter (1996), “Leading change.” Harvard
Business Review Press.
[33] McKinsey & Company (2020), “The human
factor in Digital Transformation.”
[34] World Economic Forum (2020), “The Future of
Jobs Report.” Figure 2. Digital-transformation
Source:[Link]
[35] Deloitte Insights (2019), “Closing the Digital 33def03aa227c2&sxsrf=AE3TifNz49lwid-5brENy-
Skills Gap.” vcF17u9DdHSw:1748032931317&q=images+on+d
[36] OECD (2021), “The digital transformation of igitalization+by+wikipedia&udm=2&fbs=AIIjpHx
SMEs.” U7SXXniUZfeShr2fp4giZ1Y6MJ25_tmWITc7uy4
KIemkjk18Cn72Gp24fGkjjh6zMCa7_MMjQ9iBk
[37] Harvard Business Review (2018), “The HsfpWm-fhkdk8j_AuHxNvbZbLBaWAAN4O-nN-
economics of digital transformation.” htPIL8u1Wo8YNq8afi91oca3A7cjYOJmv9tpyIxkS
ZwOXCrfCcdPaXKdzAPJ3oLZfOb0MMuqx_Jaq
mgYYmdELJ0OqBM1MFlUwj7TNg&sa=X&ved=
2ahUKEwjq8bSPurqNAxVRUqQEHTI0OdgQtKg
LegQIFBAB&biw=1036&bih=539&dpr=1#vhid=t
BLd2QkPFr93eM&vssid=mosaic

Figure 1. Digitization
Source:[Link]
33def03aa227c2&sxsrf=AE3TifNz49lwid-5brENy-
vcF17u9DdHSw:1748032931317&q=images+on+d
igitalization+by+wikipedia&udm=2&fbs=AIIjpHx
U7SXXniUZfeShr2fp4giZ1Y6MJ25_tmWITc7uy4
KIemkjk18Cn72Gp24fGkjjh6zMCa7_MMjQ9iBk
HsfpWm-fhkdk8j_AuHxNvbZbLBaWAAN4O-nN-
htPIL8u1Wo8YNq8afi91oca3A7cjYOJmv9tpyIxkS Figure 3. Digital data
ZwOXCrfCcdPaXKdzAPJ3oLZfOb0MMuqx_Jaq Source:[Link]
mgYYmdELJ0OqBM1MFlUwj7TNg&sa=X&ved= 33def03aa227c2&sxsrf=AE3TifNz49lwid-5brENy-
2ahUKEwjq8bSPurqNAxVRUqQEHTI0OdgQtKg vcF17u9DdHSw:1748032931317&q=images+on+d
LegQIFBAB&biw=1036&bih=539&dpr=1#vhid=S igitalization+by+wikipedia&udm=2&fbs=AIIjpHx
bmtqd4zD3c0VM&vssid=mosai U7SXXniUZfeShr2fp4giZ1Y6MJ25_tmWITc7uy4
KIemkjk18Cn72Gp24fGkjjh6zMCa7_MMjQ9iBk
HsfpWm-fhkdk8j_AuHxNvbZbLBaWAAN4O-nN-
htPIL8u1Wo8YNq8afi91oca3A7cjYOJmv9tpyIxkS
ZwOXCrfCcdPaXKdzAPJ3oLZfOb0MMuqx_Jaq
mgYYmdELJ0OqBM1MFlUwj7TNg&sa=X&ved=
2ahUKEwjq8bSPurqNAxVRUqQEHTI0OdgQtKg
LegQIFBAB&biw=1036&bih=539&dpr=1#vhid=
H5CZNSK8rtoLwM&vssid=mosaic

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD81091 | Volume – 9 | Issue – 3 | May-Jun 2025 Page 662
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ [Link] eISSN: 2456-6470
+in+digitalization+by+wikipedia&gs_lp=EgNpbW
ciMWltYWdlcyBvbiBCaWcgZGF0YSBpbiBkaWd
pdGFsaXphdGlvbiBieSB3aWtpcGVkaWFIAFAA
WABwAHgAkAEAmAEAoAEAqgEAuAEMyAE
AmAIAoAIAmAMAkgcAoAcAsgcAuAcAwgcAy
AcA&sclient=img#vhid=u4bOvG_DtVGuqM&vssi
d=mosaic

Figure 4. Digital media

Source:[Link]
33def03aa227c2&sxsrf=AE3TifNz49lwid-5brENy-
vcF17u9DdHSw:1748032931317&q=images+on+d
igitalization+by+wikipedia&udm=2&fbs=AIIjpHx
U7SXXniUZfeShr2fp4giZ1Y6MJ25_tmWITc7uy4
KIemkjk18Cn72Gp24fGkjjh6zMCa7_MMjQ9iBk
HsfpWm-fhkdk8j_AuHxNvbZbLBaWAAN4O-nN- Figure 6. Artificial Intelligence
htPIL8u1Wo8YNq8afi91oca3A7cjYOJmv9tpyIxkS Source:[Link]
ZwOXCrfCcdPaXKdzAPJ3oLZfOb0MMuqx_Jaq 32657094e5cdfe&sxsrf=AE3TifO3pPepLPx6k_1If
mgYYmdELJ0OqBM1MFlUwj7TNg&sa=X&ved= BIRKry2aZof4g:1748053889482&q=images+on+
2ahUKEwjq8bSPurqNAxVRUqQEHTI0OdgQtKg AI+in+digitalization+by+wikipedia&udm=2&fbs=
LegQIFBAB&biw=1036&bih=539&dpr=1#vhid= AIIjpHxU7SXXniUZfeShr2fp4giZ1Y6MJ25_tmW
mLBd8jo-0dEvrM&vssid=mosaic ITc7uy4KIeqDdErwP5rACeJAty2zADJjYuUnSkcz
EhozYdaq1wZrE1inGhf1nuU4vEKS3MmKXOIC7
w9tS1YHCFQql_a4t7rjOAyesq94ZzGgqKmHRb6
SsvXVA0SS4RxetoyoD2c3JoZjUuL905nN27yu_7
KezjS4L5bxaSKLAx1JkKpuysw7DnzWfSA&sa=
X&ved=2ahUKEwiA2IWZiLuNAxXP9rsIHSziCm
4QtKgLegQIFBAB&biw=1036&bih=539&dpr=1#
vhid=H9gA5fasp4hPGM&vssid=mosaic

Figure 5. Big Data

Source:
[Link]
+data+in+digitalization+by+wikipedia&sca_esv=b
732657094e5cdfe&udm=2&biw=1036&bih=539& Figure 7. Artificial intelligence
sxsrf=AE3TifMRL5dBEXiP93DP4m5_IDVVFZX Source:[Link]
HJw%3A1748054557294&ei=HTIxaKbZEbmL9u8 32657094e5cdfe&sxsrf=AE3TifO3pPepLPx6k_1If
PopDq8QI&ved=0ahUKEwjm273XiruNAxW5hf0 BIRKry2aZof4g:1748053889482&q=images+on+
HHSKIOi4Q4dUDCBE&oq=images+on+Big+data AI+in+digitalization+by+wikipedia&udm=2&fbs=

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD81091 | Volume – 9 | Issue – 3 | May-Jun 2025 Page 663
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ [Link] eISSN: 2456-6470
AIIjpHxU7SXXniUZfeShr2fp4giZ1Y6MJ25_tmW ges+on+digital+twins+in+digitalization+by+wikipe
ITc7uy4KIeqDdErwP5rACeJAty2zADJjYuUnSkcz dia&gs_lp=EgNpbWciNmltYWdlcyBvbiBkaWdpd
EhozYdaq1wZrE1inGhf1nuU4vEKS3MmKXOIC7 GFsIHR3aW5zIGluIGRpZ2l0YWxpemF0aW9uIG
w9tS1YHCFQql_a4t7rjOAyesq94ZzGgqKmHRb6 J5IHdpa2lwZWRpYUjKowFQ5xtYgWFwAngAk
SsvXVA0SS4RxetoyoD2c3JoZjUuL905nN27yu_7 AEAmAGMAqABuiWqAQYwLjcuMTa4AQPIA
KezjS4L5bxaSKLAx1JkKpuysw7DnzWfSA&sa= QD4AQGYAgKgAifCAgcQIxgnGMkCmAMAiA
X&ved=2ahUKEwiA2IWZiLuNAxXP9rsIHSziCm YBkgcBMqAHiwiyBwC4BwDCBwUzLTEuMcgH
4QtKgLegQIFBAB&biw=1036&bih=539&dpr=1# Hw&sclient=img#vhid=6VP846C2VrXisM&vssid
vhid=FyuhGQLJWNntIM&vssid=mosaic =mosaic

Figure 8. Internet of things

Source:[Link]
on+IoT+in+digitalization+by+wikipedia&sca_esv=
b732657094e5cdfe&udm=2&biw=1036&bih=539 Figure 10. Digital project twin
&sxsrf=AE3TifPGMd4ahZq0V9Ky0BbeJlq2T6CU Source:[Link]
w%3A1748053897698&ei=iS8xaKqyKr3n7_UP7d on+digital+twins+in+digitalization+by+wikipedia&
35sAs&ved=0ahUKEwjqmvuciLuNAxW987sIHe1 sca_esv=b732657094e5cdfe&udm=2&biw=1036&
bih=539&sxsrf=AE3TifNxLuzPT7doC_r4WvFecY
uHrYQ4dUDCBE&oq=images+on+IoT+in+digitali
zation+by+wikipedia&gs_lp=EgNpbWciLGltYWdl LXmVqkIA%3A1748056053059&ei=9TcxaOO2A
cyBvbiBJb1QgaW4gZGlnaXRhbGl6YXRpb24gYn q1hbIPqt_f6Q4&ved=0ahUKEwijhdygkLuNAxXq
kgd2lraXBlZGlhSMBSUJQNWMwqcAF4AJABA WkEAHarvN0Q4dUDCBE&oq=images+on+digita
JgBAKABAKoBALgBDMgBAPgBAZgCAKACA l+twins+in+digitalization+by+wikipedia&gs_lp=Eg
NpbWciNmltYWdlcyBvbiBkaWdpdGFsIHR3aW5
JgDAIgGAZIHAKAHALIHALgHAMIHAMgHA
zIGluIGRpZ2l0YWxpemF0aW9uIGJ5IHdpa2lwZ
A&sclient=img#vhid=UOU4GJw_nJZpVM&vssid
WRpYUgAUABYAHAAeACQAQCYAQCgAQC
=mosaic
qAQC4AQzIAQCYAgCgAgCYAwCSBwCgBwC
yBwC4BwDCBwDIBwA&sclient=img#vhid=iBFp
OvqLScFTYM&vssid=mosaic

Figure 9. Government by algorithm

Source:[Link]
on+digital+twins+in+digitalization+by+wikipedia&
sca_esv=b732657094e5cdfe&udm=2&biw=1036& Figure 11. Global Digital Divide
bih=539&sxsrf=AE3TifNpEufu5Smrry3kT2BE1vS Source:[Link]
HaE2aEA%3A1748055722079&ei=qjYxaLTLBM 33def03aa227c2&sxsrf=AE3TifNz49lwid-5brENy-
C3hbIPsZb18Q4&ved=0ahUKEwi0yPKCj7uNAx vcF17u9DdHSw:1748032931317&q=images+on+d
XAW0EAHTFLPe4Q4dUDCBE&uact=5&oq=ima igitalization+by+wikipedia&udm=2&fbs=AIIjpHx

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD81091 | Volume – 9 | Issue – 3 | May-Jun 2025 Page 664
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ [Link] eISSN: 2456-6470
U7SXXniUZfeShr2fp4giZ1Y6MJ25_tmWITc7uy4 RpYUgAUABYAHAAeACQAQCYAQCgAQCqA
KIemkjk18Cn72Gp24fGkjjh6zMCa7_MMjQ9iBk QC4AQzIAQCYAgCgAgCYAwCSBwCgBwCyB
HsfpWm-fhkdk8j_AuHxNvbZbLBaWAAN4O-nN- wC4BwDCBwDIBwA&sclient=img#vhid=bQsNE
htPIL8u1Wo8YNq8afi91oca3A7cjYOJmv9tpyIxkS nTCh8iSEM&vssid=mosaic
ZwOXCrfCcdPaXKdzAPJ3oLZfOb0MMuqx_Jaq
mgYYmdELJ0OqBM1MFlUwj7TNg&sa=X&ved=
2ahUKEwjq8bSPurqNAxVRUqQEHTI0OdgQtKg
LegQIFBAB&biw=1036&bih=539&dpr=1#vhid=o
G-rLzt8smKDXM&vssid=mosaic

Figure 13. Digital literacy

Source:[Link]
33def03aa227c2&sxsrf=AE3TifNz49lwid-5brENy-
vcF17u9DdHSw:1748032931317&q=images+on+d
igitalization+by+wikipedia&udm=2&fbs=AIIjpHx
Figure 12. Automation
U7SXXniUZfeShr2fp4giZ1Y6MJ25_tmWITc7uy4
Source:[Link]
KIemkjk18Cn72Gp24fGkjjh6zMCa7_MMjQ9iBk
on+automation+in+digitalization+by+wikipedia&s
HsfpWm-fhkdk8j_AuHxNvbZbLBaWAAN4O-nN-
ca_esv=b732657094e5cdfe&udm=2&biw=1036&b
htPIL8u1Wo8YNq8afi91oca3A7cjYOJmv9tpyIxkS
ih=539&sxsrf=AE3TifNpEufu5Smrry3kT2BE1vS
ZwOXCrfCcdPaXKdzAPJ3oLZfOb0MMuqx_Jaq
HaE2aEA%3A1748055722079&ei=qjYxaLTLBM
mgYYmdELJ0OqBM1MFlUwj7TNg&sa=X&ved=
C3hbIPsZb18Q4&ved=0ahUKEwi0yPKCj7uNAx
2ahUKEwjq8bSPurqNAxVRUqQEHTI0OdgQtKg
XAW0EAHTFLPe4Q4dUDCBE&oq=images+on+
LegQIFBAB&biw=1036&bih=539&dpr=1#vhid=
automation+in+digitalization+by+wikipedia&gs_lp
AQ98Y425VXGkpM&vssid=mosaic
=EgNpbWciM2ltYWdlcyBvbiBhdXRvbWF0aW9u
IGluIGRpZ2l0YWxpemF0aW9uIGJ5IHdpa2lwZW

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD81091 | Volume – 9 | Issue – 3 | May-Jun 2025 Page 665