University of the East

Sucre –Carúpano Core

School of Social Sciences

Department of Human Resources

Chair: Development of Skills for Learning

Creative thinking

Professor: Members:

Alicia Valencia Bárbara Torres

Hillay Montaño

Enrique Cedeño

Micheel Velásquez

Carúpano, March 2016

 Tools for the development of creative thinking:

1-.Brainstorming: Also called brain storm or idea storm. It was developed by Alex Faickney.
Osborn in the late 1930s and published in his book called "Applied Imagination". He discovered
that in a process of searching for creative ideas, the group generated more and better than the sum
of individual work, independently. Brainstorming is a technique
group work for the emergence of new and original ideas on a problem or topic
concrete. It consists of two phases:

The objective of the 1st phase is to find or propose ideas that can later be
developed and implemented.
In the 2nd phase, the goal is to improve or develop the ideas obtained in the previous one while, at the same time,
new ideas can be added.

2-.Synectics: The word Synectics, of Greek origin, means 'union of distinct elements and
apparently irrelevant.” This ability to connect different and apparently
irrelevant is characteristic of the creative personality. This technique was created by William J.J. Gordon.
In his own words, he defined Synectics as follows: 'the creative process as the
mental activity developed in those situations where problems are posed and solved
problems with the result of artistic or technical inventions.

Technique 6-3-5: Also called Brainwriting, it is a method developed by Bernd

Rohrbach in 1968, similar to Brainstorming. This group technique consists of teams of 6
people, make each person, independently, contribute at least 3 ideas every 5
minutes during the 30 minutes that the session lasts, resulting in a total of approximately 108 ideas in the
full session. In this way, ideas are generated from those of the other members of
team. Just like in brainstorming, the important thing is the quantity of them and not so much
its quality. As we have already seen, collaborative power in the creative process of ideas is very
powerful. The synergy that occurs with this technique is especially interesting as it does not
it deals with an atmosphere as open as what happened in the brainstorming group-class.

4. Mind maps: This is a creative technique or thinking tool developed by

Tony Buzan in his book 'Use Your Head' 1974, which has as its main application the generation
of ideas through relationship and association. The creation of a mind map starts with
place the main idea in the center of a blank page and then surround it, in all directions,
for subsidiary themes (key words or images), without thinking, automatically but clearly.
It is used for the generation, visualization, structure, and taxonomic classification of ideas.
It also serves to plan, organize, and as a study technique, memorizing the information.
visually. There are currently numerousfree online tools for the creation of
these mind maps or Conceptual (as I prefer to call them), although my recommendation
the professional is that the students create them by hand in A4 or A3 landscape size with different
materials, colors, icons, images, etc. to work transversally on design and drawing. No
I consider it essential that the branches are always curved as Tony Buzan himself says in the
next video, although it is true that the organic is easier to remember. What does help for
facilitating the association and connection between ideas or concepts is to note a single word per branch.

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5-.Sleepwriting: This technique allows us to harness the creative power of sleep and create while
he/she falls asleep. Numerous scientists and poets report that in moments of sleep it is
the greater the probability that the images that arise will later turn into original ideas that
they lead to solving real problems. This is so because the unconscious manifests itself more
ease and the existing blocks in consciousness are set aside

6-.6 HATS: This method is based on a proposal by psychologist Edward de Bono,

developed in your bookSix Thinking Hatswho invites us to become thinkers, to
assume the role of thinkers by using six hats of different colors. Each
one of these hats corresponds to a partial moment of the complex process that follows
creative thinking in the search for solutions. No hat has much meaning for
yes only, but each of them is related to the others (here is a further explanation
detailed technique). Each hat represents the need to visualize the problem from
different angles. And the most interesting thing is that the person, the student, recognizes deficiencies.
in the way we confront, face a problem (usually in a linear way,
inductive, logical, vertical, analytical, formal y structured in phases y it rectifies.
The purpose of the hats is to simplify the development of thinking, using the different
ways of thinking alternatively, instead of trying to do everything at once. De Bono
it claims that the greatest enemy of thought is complexity, which inevitably leads to
to the confusion.

7-.Scamper: A technique developed by Bob Eberle in 1997 and published in his book 'Scamper On:
More Creative Games and Activities for Imagination Development. In brief, it is about
from a checklist, where new ideas are generated by taking actions on a base idea.
With this technique, the fourth skill of Divergent Thinking is worked on, which we saw earlier.
principle of this post, theElaboration: Ability to develop, expand and improve ideas.

8-.Cre-in: This technique allows each person to generate a force from within.
creative and innovative that helps you create positive situations. It is very particular, as it is based on
in a set of different methodologies aimed at the internal search for peace, the
reflection, concentration and relaxation, among others, in order to generate a more positive attitude
imaginative and unstructured. It is a Creative Relaxation based on the principle of
being relaxed favors our imagination. Thus, we can use it as a complement of
other techniques to achieve greater effectiveness in idea generation.

9-.Imagery: Technique based on one of the tools of NLP, Neuro-Linguistic Programming

(primary coaching tool), used to work on the neurological level of the
Personal capabilities. Other tools to work at this level include success visualization.
and the circle of excellence, although we will not talk about these today. We understand by capabilities
personal skills that I need to put into practice to achieve my goal.
coaching without a goal does not exist. Also known as Walt Disney's imagery, one of the
most influential artists of the 20th century, who used it for the improvement/development of their projects.
It consists of asking questions from three different selves:

Oh dreamer: This I asks positive questions about improving/changing the idea or project.
from creativity and imagination. They are free, expansive questions, from difference,
There is no logical filter. Crazy ideas in positive terms. 4
 Be realistic: Ask objective questions regarding the development of the idea, time-related.
(start, development, maintenance) and quality control. Transform the idea into
concrete expressions.
I criticize: Make analytical questions with selective and formal filtering. It is about a
constructive evaluation, not destructive.

10-. Reinforcement / Reward: Positive reinforcement or reward is another technique based on NLP,
on this occasion used to work on the neurological level of Behavior. We understand by
behavior the individually chosen conduct, the actions and reactions, in
definitively, what I do. It is a superficial neurological level (understood as not deep)
of personality and is clearly trainable, improvable. This reinforcement is not about
operant conditioning of B. F. Skinner nor classical of Ivan Pavlov. Based on research
by Gregory Bateson, a social scientist famous for his book 'Steps to the Ecology of the Mind'
1972, with dolphin trainers performing in public at the Research Institute
Hawaii Marina. To summarize the technique in a few words, we would say it consists of reinforcing
positively innovation, creativity in solving a problem. It's not about rewarding the
effectiveness but originality and initiative. His technique, known as the parable of the porpoise or
dolphin is wonderfully explained in the following link, clickhere. Finally, add that
this tool does not consider negative reinforcement or punishment to modify behaviors. This
the technique is intensely applicable to our work as teachers or in the way of
to behave, to educate, our children.

11-. The Thinkers Keys or the keys of thinking by Tony Ryan: The proposal of the Australian
Tony Ryan in his bookThinkers Keys: A powerful program for teaching children to become
extraordinary thinkersconsists of how to create effective thinking routines through the
help in the classroom with 20 different keys that 'open'the thought to the critical and creative process.
Especially suitable for students between 8 and 14 years old, Ryan makes two major classifications by
colors of the keys according to the essence of the strategy or thought process:

Purple keys: development of critical thinking. They are useful for research, for the
organization and personal planning, for the development of action plans, for the
reflection...
Orange keys: development of creative thinking. For example, to generate new
ideas to broaden the limits of personal creativity, to modify the point of view...

Use of the right and left cerebral hemispheres.

The cerebral hemispheres tend to divide the main intellectual functions; in this
It was presented that the right hemisphere is dominant in the following aspects of
intellect: perception of space, rhythm, color, dimension, imagination, daydreams
diurnal, among others. In turn, the left hemisphere has a predominance in another range,
totally different from mental skills, as this side is verbal, logical, sequential,
numerical, linear, and analytical 5
The left hemisphere processes information analytically and sequentially, step by step,
in a logical and linear way. The left hemisphere analyzes, abstracts, counts, measures time,
plan step-by-step procedures, verbalize, think in words and numbers, that is
contains the ability for mathematics and to read and write. Perception and the
Verbal generations depend on the knowledge of the order or sequence in which they
they produce sounds. They know time and its passage. They are guided by linear logic and
binary (yes-no, up-down, before-after, more-less, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.). This hemisphere
it employs a convergent thinking style, obtaining new information by using
data already available, forming new ideas or conventionally acceptable data.
Learn from the part to the whole and quickly absorb the details, facts, and rules. Analyze the
step-by-step information. He wants to understand the components one by one.

The right hemisphere, on the other hand, seems to be specialized in global perception.
synthesizing the information that comes to it. With it we see things in space, and how they
they combine the parts to form the whole. Thanks to the right hemisphere, we understand the
metaphors, we dream, we create new combinations of ideas. He is the expert in the process.
simultaneous or parallel processing; that is, it does not move from one characteristic to another, but
that seeks guidelines and pregnant women. Processes the information globally, starting from the
everything to understand the different parts that compose that whole. The holistic hemisphere is
intuitive instead of logical, thinks in images, symbols, and feelings. Has the ability
imaginative and fantastic, spatial and perceptual. This hemisphere is interested in the
relationships. This processing method has full efficiency for most tasks.
visual and spatial skills and to recognize musical melodies, since these tasks
they require the mind to construct a sensation of the whole when perceiving a pattern in
visual and auditory stimuli. With the way of processing the information used by the
right hemisphere, bursts of intuition occur, moments when 'everything
seems to fit" without having to explain things in a logical order. When this happens,
One often exclaims spontaneously, 'I've got it!' or 'Ah, yes, now I see clearly!'
A classic example of this type of exclamation is the exultant 'Eureka' (I found it!).
attributed to Archimedes. According to the story, Archimedes experienced a sudden
lighting while bathing, which allowed him to formulate his principle of using the weight of
displaced water to deduce the weight of a solid object submerged. This hemisphere
employ a divergent thinking style, creating a variety and quantity of ideas
new, beyond conventional patterns. Learn from the whole to the part. For
understanding the parts needs to start from the global image. It does not analyze the information, the
synthesize. It is relational; it does not worry about the parts themselves, but about knowing how they fit together and
they relate to each other.

Whirlwind of ideas.
BRAINSTORMING Currently, brainstorming (also called judgment)
deferred or brainstorming) is the most popular creativity technique, due to the multiple
benefits that this activity brings with it, as well as its unlimited field of application.
It is a method that dates back just over forty years and was devised by Alex F.
Osborn, in Buffalo, New York. The whirlwind of ideas defines two moments or stages of
creative process: the production of ideas and their criticism. In the first moment
a group of people is encouraged to focus on a topic and express it in the form of
whirlwind everything that comes to mind about it. 6
 In the second, the group classifies, critiques, and selects. The whirlwind of ideas is seen
enriched when there is a mix of people with different backgrounds or environments and by
people with knowledge in the area where it is most feasible to find the solution of the
Currently, there are multiple variants of this technique, some of which create
by Osborn and others who have based their work on the premise that it is advisable to use
different means, in order to stimulate the group's production.
What is a metaphor?

The metaphor is a rhetorical figure in which a similarity is established between 2

terms and some characteristic or quality that exists between both, it's like when we talk in
double meaning. In the metaphor we poetically refer to that characteristic that we want
highlight and we say the same but in a more beautiful way.

The metaphor can be defined as a comparison between two terms that apparently do not
guard any relationship. The terms of the metaphor are different, they are on different levels and
the second is the one that comes to explain the nature of the comparison. This one has a different context and
that diversity is what shapes this literary figure, which writers often use in their
poems and novels.

Multisensory resources.

They are resources used through the technique that make it easier to see, feel, touch, understand, taste,
create and imagine for example: graphic representations, directed studies, slides,
transparency, educational software.

What is fantasy.

Fantasy is understood as the whole set of ideas, situations, representations, and phenomena
that are part of a person's imagination and have no true correlation in the
reality. However, the fact that they are mere imaginations or creations of the unconscious of
an individual does not mean they have no value: on the contrary, according to what is established
Different branches of psychology, fantasy is the way an individual expresses their desires,
interests, fears, goals, and even perversions. Fantasy always has to do with the
creation or generation of situations at the mental or imaginative level that cannot occur in life
true or which must remain repressed by certain moral or social guidelines. Although in the
common language the idea of fantasy always has a sexual connotation, as with the idea of
unfulfilled sexual or erotic fantasies of an individual, the truth is that the notion of fantasy
It can be applied to various types of situations or imagined realities, for example, the position.
perfect labor, a specific type of social relationship, the achievement of certain goals, etc. The
fantasy ceases to be such when it is put into practice because it is there that it loses its character of
imagination or unreality.

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 Creative visualization.

Creative visualization is one of the most effective ways to control the mind and help us to
to be happier. Having a positive mind is a guarantee of success and happiness, but in the midst of all
The suggestions and influences of our day-to-day life, how is it possible to do it? Visualization
creative is a positive suggestion that brings us closer to the person we wish to be. But before
keep going, a mandatory advice... don't stop dreaming! In fact, dream of what we want to be and
Achieving is the first step to making it happen. Imagine yourself with the job you would like.
to have, your lifestyle and the physical condition you want to achieve. Thanks to dreaming, we program
our unconscious mind towards the path of success. Images can become our
reality enhances our desires and brings us closer to our beliefs. Visualization increases
Our will and persistence is a very powerful resource. The keys to creative visualization:
There are four points that enhance creative visualization:

Frequency: How often we use the resource of visualization makes a difference in the
result. We have all seen people who have achieved great goals and visualized
constantly their objectives. Repetition causes the message to deepen in our
subconscious effectively.

Vividness: It is the clarity with which we visualize the image in our mind. When we close
the eyes and we can see our goal in detail, even see ourselves having completely achieved it.
achieved, brings us much closer to the goal.

Intensity: The emotion with which we accompany the visualization is directed energy that is
adds to the desire to achieve it. Intense emotion is an accelerator of results.

Duration: It is the time we keep the visualization in our mind. It is not enough to
fleeting images even if they are clear, it is necessary for them to linger for a while to soak in
our subconscious with visualization. There is a reality that applies to all of this, and that is that
our subconscious mind does not know how to distinguish between a real experience and a vivid image and
Clara. Every time we bring a situation to our conscious mind, whether positive or negative,
the subconscious mind stores and keeps it exactly as we have visualized it. For
supposedly this is one side of the coin… The other reality is that creative visualization is
just as powerful in the opposite sense: it can bring us closer to negative experiences as much as
let's visualize similar images in our mind. If you have already had a positive experience and the
You remember over and over again, you are programming your subconscious to achieve it again. And if not
have you still had that experience, can you imagine it or create it in your mind: the subconscious not
know the difference. Use visualizations to flood your mind with images of your ideal life, of
those things you want to achieve, from your dreams. Place yourself in front of those images and immerse yourself in
its content, imagine and identify yourself as if you had already achieved it, with intensity and emotion.
Repeat it at least twice a day. Let them soak into the subconscious mind, feel them.
vividly. Every time you have a successful experience, repeat it in your mind over and over again. From this
the subconscious will interpret that it is happening again. There is no limit to this. From the
the same way, one must avoid feeding the mind with thoughts of failure and stop reliving
images of past failures and mistakes. If we don't do it, the probability of it will increase.
let that bad experience happen again.

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Visualization activates the Law of Attraction, it will bring us resources, situations, and people that are
to transfer those images to our own reality.

Tools for critical and visible development.

Enhance your students' learning with these interactive online tools, designed
to promote higher-order thinking in any subject. Each tool has
with an online workspace where students create and save visual representations
of their thoughts. Classroom strategies and project ideas, tested by teachers and
suitable for classes from kindergarten to secondary education, will help you give the
first steps. These tools and the related resources are available from any
computer connected to the Internet. This means that students and teachers can have
access to their projects at any time, from home or school.

Visual Classification ToolIdentify and refine the criteria for sorting and prioritizing
the elements of a list, and then discuss the differences, reach a consensus and organize them
ideas.
Tool Explaining a ReasonInvestigate relationships in complex systems,
creating maps that communicate understanding.
Tool Showing Evidence:Build well-reasoned arguments, supported by
evidence, using a visual framework.

Characteristics of skilled thinkers.

Analytical.
Observer.
researcher, for reading, for reasoning.
Creative.
Inferencia, explicación, interpreta, evaluación, autorregularización

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 Index

PAGE
Introduction................................................................................................................3

Content...........................................................................................................4

Tools for the development of creative thinking.

Use of the right and left cerebral hemisphere.
Whirlwind of ideas.
What is a metaphor.
Multisensory resources.
What is Fantasy.
Creative visualization.
Tools for critical and visible development.
Characteristics of skilled thinkers.

Conclusion
 Introduction

In every moment of life, situations arise andproblemswhich need to be

resolved, and for this to happen,the brainmust act together by establishing a
perfect balance between the two hemispheres, both the logical and the creative.

Thedevelopmentfrom thecreativityit is very important for day to day and works together with the
thoughtcreative, its aspects, characteristics, stages among others will be studied at
continuation, and a set of will be determinedstrategiescreative ways to facilitate the
interpretation, the analysis or the study of problems or topics.

The cerebral hemispheres tend to divide the main ones.functionsintellectuals;in this

It was presented that the right hemisphere is dominant in the following aspects of
intellectperceptionof space, the rhythm,the colorthe dimension, the imagination, the daydreams
diurnal, among others. In turn, the left hemisphere has preponderance in another range,
totally different from mental skills, as this side is verbal, logical, sequential,
numerical, linear and analytical.

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 Conclusion

Creative thinking is a gift that all people have, some more than others.
developed more than others due to cultural, genetic, among other factors, that act on
the way they find new solutions to the problems that arise
present, and together with critical thinking, which complements the right side
of the cerebral hemisphere. The aspects of creativity influence this thought,
which can be learned, developed, and depends on the level of importance assigned to each
who expands their thoughts.

Creative thinking is not dependent on any particular technique. For creativity to

people must be creative to be motivated, to have open spaces where
can express themselves, work in teams, share ideas, and rest.

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