BCA

PROPOSED SYLLABUS
FOR

(A SIX SEMESTER / THREE YEARS DEGREE PROGRAMME)

UNDER
B.N. Mandal University
MADHEPURA

FROM SESSION 2011-14 ONWARDS

 STRUCTURE OF B.C.A. SYLLABUS
SEMESTER - I SEMESTER - IV

IBCA I Fundamentals of computers & 4BCA I Programming with Visual Basic.

Information Technology NET

IBCA 2 Communicative English 4BCA 2 Mathematics–II (Discrete

Mathematics

IBCA 3 Programming Methodology & 4BCA 3 Relational Database Management

Programming With 'C'- System with Oracle
Language

IBCA 4 Computer Practical 4BCA 4 Computer Practical (Visual Basic)

Programming & Oracle
(Windows, Word, Excel, Power
Point, & Programming In C-
Language, Internet, H.T.M.L.

SEMESTER - II SEMESTER - V

2BCA I Mathematics 5BCA I Computer Network

(I) ADVANCED CALCULAS AND
MATRICES
(II) NUMERICAL METHODS

2BCA 2 Data Structure 5BCA 2 Java Programming

2BCA 3 Object Oriented Programming 5BCA 3 Internet and E-Commerce

With C + +

2BCA 4 Computer Practical (data 5BCA 4 Computer Practical (java

structure with C & OOP's with programming & HTML, DHTML
C + +) VB, & JavaScript)

SEMESTER - III SEMESTER - VI

3BCA 1 Digital Computer Organization 6BCA 1 System Analysis and Design

3BCA 2 Database Management System 6BCA 2 Principles of Management &

Financial Accounting
 3BCA 3 Operating system 6BCA 3 Multimedia Tools & Applications

3BCA 4 Computer practical (Access, 6BCA4(A) Computer Practical (Accounting in

DOS & Linux Tally & Multimedia Tools
6BCA4(B) Project work

SEMESTER–1

BCA – FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

UNIT–I
Brief history of development of computers. Computer system concepts, Computer system characteristics, Capabilities
and limitations, Types of computers–Analog Digital, Hybrid, General special purpose, Micro, Mini, Mainframe, Super,
Generations of computers
Pentium and Newer PCs specifications and main characteristics. Types of PCs- Desktop, Laptop, Notebook, Palmtop,
Workstations etc. their characteristics. Basic components of a computer system–Control unit, ALU, (THOSE WHO)
OPT/4BCA5 (A). Input/output functions and characteristics, memory–RAM, ROM, EPROM, PROM and other types
of memory.

UNIT–II
Keyboard
Reader, Voice Recognition, Light Pen, Torch Screen, Monitors – Characteristics and types of monitor – Digital,
Analog
Printers–Daisy wheel, Dot Matrix, Inkjet, Laser, line Printer, Plotter, Sound Card and Speakers, Storage fundamentals
–Primary Vs Secondary Data Storage and Retrieval methods–Sequential, Direct and Index Sequential, Various
Storage Devices–Magnetic Tape, Magnetic Disks, Cartridge Tape, Hard Disk Drives, Floppy Disks (Winchester Disk)
Optical Disks, CD, VCD, CD-R, CDRW, ZIP Drive.

UNIT–III
Need
Program, Programming Languages, Assemblers, Compilers and Interpreters; Operating Systems – Functions, Types -
Batch
their merits and demerits; Application Software–Word processing, Spreadsheet, Presentation Graphics, Database
Management Software, characteristics , Uses and examples and area of applications of each of them, Virus working
principles, Types of viruses, virus detection and prevention, viruses on network.

UNIT-IV
Analog and Digital signals, Modulations–Amplitude Modulation (AM), Frequency Modulation (FM), Phase
Modulation (PM)
Communication Software, Communication Protocols, Communication Protocols, Communication Channels–Twisted
Coaxial, Fiber optic, serial and parallel communication, Modem - Working and characteristics, Types of connections -
Dialup, Leased Lines, ISDN, Types of Network–LAN, WAN, MAN etc, Topologies of LAN–Ring, Bus, Star, Mesh
and Tree topologies, Components of LAN–Media, NIC, NOS, Bridges, HUB, Routers, Repeater and Gateways, Use
of Communication in daily life.

TEXT & REFERENCEBOOKS;

Anurag Seetha, “Introduction to Computers and Information Technology”, Ram Prasad & Sons,
Bhopal. S.K.Basandra, 'Computers Today', Galgotia Publications.
Alexis Leon & Mathews Leon, 'Fundamentals of Information Technology', Vikas Publication
House, New Delhi.
IBCA2–COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH
Objective;
This course is designed with a predominantly communicative or interactive approach to learning English.
The approach is based on the belief that language is not a body of knowledge to be learned but a skill to be acquired, Student
requires the ability to use the language fluently, effectively, correctly, confidently, and naturally in real life situations that
is to say, they imbibe and internalize the language. However, the approach is to encourage the learners to formulate and
express their ideas and offer ample scope for creativity. The approach has been aimed at an integrated development of
the four basic skills–listening, speaking, reading, and writing.

FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR
UNIT–I
Sentence
ordinate, Relative, Adverb, Comparative (Adverb + Adjective)
Articles; Usage of 'A', 'AN', 'THE'
Prepositions; Position of Preposition, Place Relation, Time Relation And other Relations.
UNIT-II
Functional Grammar;
Tenses; Simple Present, Progressive Perfect, Present Perfect Progressive along with Past Tense and Indications of
futurity reported speech.
Modals; Will, Shall, Should, Would, and others
Active and Passive.
UNIT-III
Reading
Written comprehension
Listening
Note taking/Note making
UNIT-IV
Vocabulary; Words Commonly Misspelled Word formation by prefix suffix
Unit-v
Literature; Lessons and poems from M.University 1styear Foundation Course Book
UNIT-VI
Nouns; Countable, Uncountable
Pronouns; Personals, relatives and others
Verb and verb structures (Infinitives and gerundials)
Linking Devices
UNIT-VII
Adverb and Adverb phrases, Comparison and intensification
Modifiers and Adverbs
Adjective and Adjective Phrases
Jargons or Registers
UNIT-VIII
Synonyms Antonyms &
Homonyms
Diminutives and Derivatives
Jargons or Registers
UNIT-IX
Summary writing
Paragraph
Curriculum Vitae/ Resume
Preparation of questionnaire for interview skills
UNIT-X
Literature from prescribed Texts

TEXT BOOKS;
"Written Communication in English" by Sarah Freeman published by Orient Longman.

REFERENCE BOOKS;
Intermediate English Grammar by Raymond Williams
A Practical English Grammar by Thomson and Martinet
Vocabulary by Michael McCarthy and Felicity O'Dell
English Grammar by Jayanthi Dakshina Murthy
English Grammar by W.S. Allen

IBCA3-PROGRAMMING METHODOLOGY AND C PROGRAMMING

UNIT-I
Program concept, Characteristics of programming, Various stages in program development, Programming aids
algorithms, flow charts – symbols, rules for chart, types of flowchart, Advantages & Disadvantages, Pseudocodes
Decision Table
Structured–Features, Merits & Demerits, Comparative study, Programming logic- Simple, Branching, Looping,
Recursion, Cohesion & Coupling, Programming Testing & Debugging & their Tools.

UNIT-II
Introduction & features of C Program, Variables, Expressions, Identifiers, Keywords, Data Types, Constants, Operator
and expression Operator; Arithmetic, Logical, Relational, Conditional and Bit Wise Operators, Precedence and
Associativity of Operators, Type conversion in expression, Basic input/output and library functions, Single character
input/output i.e. getch(), getchar(), getche(), putchar(), Formatted input output i.e. printf() and scanf(), Library functions-
concepts, Mathematical & Character functions.

UNIT-III
If statement, if……..Else statement. Nesting of If……Else statement, else if ladder, The? Operators, goto statement,
switch statement, Compound statement, loop controls, for, while, do-while loops, break, continue, goto statement,
ARRAYS single and multi-dimensional arrays declaration and initialization of arrays. Strings; declaration, initialization.
function.
UNIT-IV
The need and form of C functions. User-defined and library functions. Function arguments. Return values and nesting.
function. Recursion, Calling of functions Array as function argument, Scope and life of variables–local and global
variable, Storage class specified–auto extern, static, register.

UNIT-V
Defining structure, Declaration of structure variable, Accessing structure members, Nested structures. Array of
structure, Structure assignment, Structure of function argument, Function that return, Structure. Union.

UNIT-VI
Basic of pointers and operators. Pointers and function. Array of pointers. Pointers and strings, Pointers to structure.
Pointers within structure, Introduction- Dynamic memory allocation. The process of memory allocation, Malloc()
function, size of() operator, Function free(), Function realloc()

UNIT-VII
Introduction - File handling, File structure. File handling function, File types. Streams. Text, Binary, File system basics.
The file pointer. Opening a file, closing a file. Writing a character, Reading a character UsingFopen(),gets(),and
felose(), Using feof().and fgets () Working with string fputs(), Standard streams in C, Flushing a stream, Using fread()
and fwrite(), Direct access file, fseek() and random access I/O, fprintf() and fscanf(), Command line arguments

UNIT-VIII
The preprocessor, # define .defining functions like macros, # error, # include. Conditional compilation directives i.e. #
if, # else, # clif and #ifdef & undef, using defined, # line, # pragma, the #, & ## preprocessor operator.

UNIT-IX
Introduction–ROM BIOS and direct access to COLOR graphics on your PC, register for passing arguments to BIOS
ROUTINE, function int86(), graphics on your PC, initialize graphics mode, function used in graphics, bitwise operator,
extended keyboards code.
TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS;
Y.Kanetkar, "Pointers through C".
Y.Kanetkar, “TSR through C”.
E.Balaguruswamy, 'Programming in C', TMH Publications
Gottfried, Schaums Outline series, “Programming with C”, TMH Publications
Mahapatra, 'Thinking in C', PIII Publications
S.K. Basandra, 'Computer Today', Golgotha Publications.
Fundamentals of Information Technology
Peter Joliffe, “Program Design”, PHI Publication. V.K. Jain “O Level Programming Concepts & Systems”, BPB
Publications.

IBCA4–COMPUTER PRACTICALS:

UNIT-I
MS Windows: Introduction to M.S. Windows; Features of Windows; Various versions of Windows & its use; working
with Windows; My Computer & Recycle bin; Desktop. Icons and Windows Explorer; Screen Description & working
styles of windows; Dialog Boxes & Toolbars; Working with & Files & Folders; Shortcuts & Auto starts; Accessories
and windows setting using control panel; start button & program lists; Installing new hardware & Software.

UNIT-II
MS Word Basics: Introduction to MS Office; Introduction to MS Word; Features & area of use. Working with MS
Word
Different page views and layouts; applying various text enhancements; working with styles, text attributes;
Paragraph and Page Formatting; text Editing using various features; Bullets, Numbering, Auto formatting, Printing &
various print options.

UNIT-III
Advanced Features of MS-Word: Spell Check, Thesaurus, Find & Replace, Headers & Footers, Inserting Page
Numbers, Pictures, Files, Auto texts, Symbols etc; Working with Columns. Tabs & Indents; Creation & Working With
Tables including conversion to and from text; Margins & Space management in document; Adding References and
Graphics; Mail Merge. Envelopes & Mailing Labels.

Unit-IV
M S Excel: Introduction and area of use; Working with MS Excel; concepts of workbook & Worksheet; Using
Wizards; Various Data Types; Using different features with Data, Cell and Texts; Inserting & Resizing of columns &
Rows; Working with Data & Ranges; Different Views of worksheet; Columns Freezing, Labels, Hiding, splitting etc;
Using different features with Data and Text; Use of Formulas, Calculations; & Functions; Cell Formatting Including
Borders & shading; Working with Different Chart Types; Printing of Workbook & worksheets with various options.

Unit-V
MS PowerPoint: Introduction & area of use; Working with MS PowerPoint; Creating a new Presentation; Working
with Presentation; Using Wizards; Slides & its different views; Inserting, Deleting and Copying of slides; working with
Notes, Handouts, Columns & Lists; Adding Graphics, Sounds and Movies to a slide; Working with PowerPoint
Objects; Designing & Presentation of a Slide Show; Printing Presentation, Notes, Handouts with print Options.

Unit-VI

Programming in C Language
TEXT & REFERENCING BOOKS:
Microsoft Office 2000, 8 in 1 by Joe Habraken, Prentice Hall of India
 SEMESTER–II
2BCA1 MATHEMATICS-1

ADVANCED CALCULUS AND MATRICES

UNIT-I Definition of a function as a mapping between sets, Definition of a real valued function of a
variable. Graphical representation of a map function as a curve in two dimensions. Equation of a
straight line and of a curve. Tangent to a curve. Equation of tangent to a curve. Representation of
real numbers on a computer on a computer. Graphical representation of a function on a computer
screen.

UNIT-II Derivative as tangent to a curve. Continuity and differentiability. Definition of a limit,

and derivative as a limit, Derivate as a linear map. Derivatives of products and composites; Leibniz
rule and chain rule, Application to maxima and minima. Second derivative, and its use for testing
extrema.Applications to root finding.

UNIT-III Integral as anti-derivatives. Relation to integral as area under a curve. Integral as a limit,
Integration by parts. Change of variables formula. Elementary techniques of numerical quadrature.

UNIT-IV Higher derivatives. Statement of Taylor's theorem in one variable. Euler-Maclaurin

expansion and its application to numerical computing. Difficulties in numerical computation of
derivatives as limits.

UNIT-V Ordinary differential equations. Statement of Peano ’s existence theorem. Calculation of

numerical solution by Euler’s method. Basics of Runge-Kutta methods.

UNIT-VI Matrix algebra: addition and multiplication of matrices. Inverse of a non-singular

matrix. Determinant of a matrix. Testing no singularity using determinants. Solution of system of
linear equations using matrices and determinants.

(Numerical methods)
UNIT-1

Representation of numbers on a computer. Differences between floating point and real arithmetic.
Different types of errors and their estimates.

UNIT-II
Representation of a function on a computer, Discrimination, Table look-up interpolation. Function
evaluation, Numerical differentiation. Numerical Quadrature.

UNIT-III

Root finding and numerical maxima and minima. Solution of nonlinear equation. Conjugate
gradient method.

UNIT-IV

Solution of linear equations. Gaussian elimination, iterative methods, Eigen value problems.

UNIT-V

Integration of ordinary differential equations. Picard’s method of successive approximation. Euler’s

method, Range Kutta methods, Predicator-Corrector method.

UNIT-VI

Introduction to the integration of partial differential equations.

UNIT-VII

Introduction to the integration of stochastic differential equations.

TEXTS AND REFERENCE BOOKS: -

S.S SASTRI, 'ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS', Prentice Hall of India

Numerical Methods (volume 2)

2BCA2-DATA STRUCTURE

UNIT-1

The concept of data structure. Abstract data structure. Analysis of Algorithm. The concept of list.
introduction to stack & Primitive operation on stack. Stack as an abstract data type. Multiple stack,
Stacks application; Infix, post fix, Prefix and Recursion, Introduction to queues. Primitives
operation on the Queues, Queues as an abstract data type, Circular queues, Require. Priority queue.
Application of queue.

UNIT-II

Introduction to the linked list of stacks, Basic operation on linked list, stacks and queues as a
circular linked list, Header nodes, Doubly linked List, Circular Linked List, stacks & Queues as a
Circular Linked List. Application of Linked List.

UNIT-III
TREES- Basic Terminology, Binary Trees Representation as Array & Linked List, Basic operation
On Binary Tree, Traversal of Binary Trees: - In order, Preorder & Post order, Application of Binary
tree, Threaded binary tree, B-tree & Height balanced tree, B & B* trees, 2–3 trees, Binary tree
representation of trees, Counting binary trees.

UNIT-IV

Sequential searching, Binary search, Insertion sort, Selection sort, Quick Sort Bubble sort, Heap
sort, Comparison of sorting methods.

UNIT-V

Hash Table
Undirected & Weighted graph, Representation of graphs, Graph Traversal - Depth first & Breadth
first search, Spanning Trees, m minimum spanning Tree, shortest path algorithm.

TEXT & REFERENCE BOOKS

FUNDAMENTALS OF DATA STRUCTUREBy S. Sawhney & E. Horowitz

DATA STRUCTURE :By Trembley & Sorrenson

DATA STRUCTURE:By lipschuists (Schnum’s Outline Series Hill Publication)

FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER ALGORITHM :By Ellis Horowitz and Sartaj Sawhney

2BCA3 - OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING WITH C++

UNIT-I

Overview of C++: Object oriented programming, Introducing C++ classes, Concepts of object
oriented programming. Classes & Object: Classes, Structure & classes, Union & Classes, Friend
classes, inline function. Scope resolution operator, static class members: static data member, static
member function, Passing objects to function, Returning objects, Objects assignment.

UNIT-II

Array, Pointers references & the Dynamic Allocation operators: Array of objects, Pointers to
object, type checking C++ pointers, the This pointer, Pointer to derived types, pointer to class
members, References: References parameter, Passing references to objects, Returning reference
Independent reference, C++'s dynamic allocation operators, Initializing allocated memory,
allocating Array, Allocating objects, Constructor & Destructor.

UNIT-III

Function & operator overloading: Function overloading, Overloading constructor function finding
the address of an overloaded function, Operator Overloading; Creating Prefix & Postfix forms of
the increment & decrement operation, Overloading the shorthand operation (i.e. +=, -= etc).
Operator overloading restriction, Operator overloading using friend function, Overloading New &
Delete, Overloading some special operators, Overloading [], (), - , comma operator, Overloading <<.
UNIT-IV

Inheritance
inheritance
functions. Early vs. late binding.

UNIT-V

The C++ I/O system basics: C++ streams classes: C++ predefined streams, Formatted I/O:
Formatting using the ios members. Setting the format flags. Clearing format flags. An overloaded
form of setf (), Examining the formatted flags. Setting all flags. Using width Precision () and fill()
Using manipulation to format input/output, create your own manipulators.

TEXT & REFERENCE BOOKS :

Herbert Schildt, 'The Complete Reference' - TMH Publication

R. Subburaj, 'Object Oriented Programming with C++', Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi.

E. Balguruswamy, “C + +”, TMH publication

M Kumar 'Programming in C++', TMH publication

R. Lafore, “Object Oriented Programming C++”

2BCA4-COMPUTERS PRACTICALS

UNIT-I

Data Structure Implementation in C Language

UNIT-II

Object Oriented Programming With C + +

 SEMESTER-III
3BCA1-DIGITAL COMPUTER ORGANIZATION

UNIT-I

Data types and Number system, Binary number system. Octal & Hexadecimal number system, Ps
& 2's complement, Binary Fixed-point Representation, Arithmetic operation on Binary numbers,
Overflow & underflow, Floating Point Representation, Codes, ASCII, EDCDIC codes, Gray code,
Excess-3 & BCD, Error detection & correcting codes

UNIT-II

Logic Gates, AND, OR, NOT GATES and their Truth tables, NOR, NANA & XOR gates, Boolean
algebra, Basic Boolean laws, De Morgan's theorem, MAP simplification, minimization
techniques, K–Map, Sum of Product & Product of sum

UNIT-III

Combinational & sequential circuits, Half Adder & Full Adder, Full subtractor, Flip-flops–Rs, D,
JK & T Flip-flops, Shift Register, RAM and ROM, Multiplexer, Demultiplexer, Encoder, Decoder
Idea about Arithmetic Circuits, Program Control, Instruction Sequencing

UNIT-IV

I/O interface, Properties of simple I/O devices and their controller, Isolated versus memory-mapped
I/O, Modes of Data transfer, Synchronous & Asynchronous Data transfer. Handshaking.
Asynchronous serial transfer, I/O Processor

UNIT-V

Auxiliary memory, Magnetic Drum, Disk & Tape, Semi-conductor memories, Memory Hierarchy,
Associate Memory. Virtual Memory, Address space & Memory Space, Address Mapping space &
Memory space
Mapping Techniques, Writing into Cache.

TEXT & REFERENCE BOOKS :

BARTEE, DIGITAL COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS

MALVINO, "DIGITAL COMPUTER ELECTRONICS"

MORRIS MANO, "COMPUTER SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE"

3BCA2-DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

UNIT-I

Operational data
Relational, Network, Hierarchical, instances & Schemes, Data Directory, Types of
Database languages: DDL, DML, Structures of a DBMS, Advantages & Disadvantages of a
DBMS 3-level Architecture proposal: External, Conceptual & Internal Levels, Entity Relationship
Model as a tool of conceptual design: Entities & Entity set, Relationship & Relationship set,
Attributes, mapping Constraints, Keys, Entity-Relationship diagram (E-R diagram): Strong & weak
entities

UNIT-II

Set theory concepts and fundamentals: Relations, Domains, Attributes, Concepts of keys: Candidate
key
integrity
Different types of joins i.e. theta join, equi join, natural join, outer join, set operations.
Structured Query Language (SQL), Cod's rules

UNIT-III

Functional Dependencies, good & Bad Decomposition. Anomalies as a database: A consequences

of bad design. Universal relation. Normalization: First, Second, Third & BCNF Normal forms,
Multivolume Dependency, Join Dependency & Fourth Fifth Normal Form.

UNIT-IV

Basic Concepts – INDEXING & HASHING. Indexing: B l tree index Files, B-tree index files,
Hashing: Static Hash Functions, Dynamic Hash Functions, Index Definition in SQL: Multiple
Key Access.

UNIT-V

Failure classification. The storage hierarchy, transaction model, long-based recovery, buffer.
Management, shadow paging.

TEXT & REFERENCE BOOKS :

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

DATABASE SYSTEM CONCEPTS by Henry F. Korth & Abraham Silberschatz

AN INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE SYSTEM

AN INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE SYSTEM by C.J. Date

3BCA3-OPERATING SYSTEM

UNIT-1

Definitions, functions and types of operating system, system components, operating system services,
system calls, system programs, system structure.
UNIT-II

Process concepts, process state & control block, process scheduling, criteria, scheduling
Algorithms, Multiple-processor scheduling Real-time scheduling, critical section problem.

UNIT-III

Semaphores, classical problem of synchronization, Monitors, Atomic transactions, system Model

Deadlock characterizations, method for Handling Deadlock prevention, deadlock Avoidance,
deadlock detection

UNIT-IV

Logical versus physical address space, swapping. Contiguous allocation, paging, segmentation.
segmentation with paging, virtual Memory, Demand paging, performance of Demand paging, page
Replacement, page replacement Algorithms.

UNIT-V

Allocation of frames, Thrashing. Other considerations. Demand segmentation. L/o system- overview,
L/o hardware, Application L/o interface, kernel l/o subsystem. Performance, Disk structure, Disk
scheduling. Disk management, swap space management, disk reliability, stable storage
implementation.

TEXT & REFERENCE BOOKS:-

OPERATING SYSTEM CONCEPTS

OPERATING SYSTEM CONCEPTS & DESIGN by Milan Milen kovic, TMH publication

3BCA4-COMPUTER PRACTICALS

UNIT-I

Implementation of DBMS on MS-Access

UNIT-II

Introduction, History & versions of DOS. DOS basics - physical structure of Disk, drive name, FAT.
file & directory structure and naming rules, booting process, DOS commands. Internal-
DIR,MD,CD,RD,COPY,DEL,REN,VOL,DATE,TIME,CLS,PATH,TYPE etc,external-CHKDSK,
XCOPY,PRINT,DISKCOPY,DISKCOMP,DOSKEY,TREE,MOVE,LABEL,APPEND,FORMAT,
SORT, FDISK, BACKUP, EDIT, MODE, ATTRIB, HELP, SYS, etc. Executable vs Non
executable files in DOS.

UNIT-III

Basic Features, Advantages, Basic Architecture of Unix/Linux system, Kernel, Shell, Linux File
system-Boot block, super block, I node table, data blocks, how Linux access files, Linux standard
directories, Commands for files and directories ed, is, cp, md, rm, mkdir, rmdir, more, less creating
and viewing files, using cat, checking disk free spaces. Linux system startup and shut-down
process. Understanding shells, Processes in Linux, connecting processes with pipes. Redirecting
input output. Background processing, managing multiple processes, changing process priority,
scheduling of processing at command. Batch commands, find, sort, cal, banner, vi. Joe. Vim editor.
Introduction and features of GNU C compiler.

SEMESTER-IV
4BCA1-PROGRAMMING WITH VISUAL BASIC.NET

UNIT-1

Introduction to .NET Framework, Understanding web programming - web browser and web server,
How to create HTML, pages and HTML Forms, Role of .NET in Web Development.
Framework and platform, base classes, XML as .NET Meta language, Relation with COM,
Overview of CLR, .NET class Frame, An overview of .NET Components. IDE of VB.NET–Menu
bar, toolbars, project explorer, toolbox, Properties window, Form designer, Form layout, immediate
window .Visual Development and Event-Driven Programming–Event Driven Programming
Methods and events, Concept of VB.NET project, types of VB.NET project, opening and saving
the project, Element of the user interface, Designing the user interface, Creating tab, format tab,
general tab, docking tab, environment tab, working with forms, Loading, Showing and hiding
forms, Controlling one form within another.

UNIT-II

Variable – Declaring variables, Type of variables Converting variable types, User-defined data
types, Special values, Forcing variables declarations, scope and lifetime of a variable, Contents,
Arrays, types of array, control array, collections, Procedures, subroutines, function, control flow
statement and conditional statements, Loop statement, Designing menus and popup menus,
Programming menu commands, Using access and shortcut keys, Using message box and input box
using standard modules.

UNIT-III

The Text Box Control–Text selection, search operations, The List box and combo box controls,
Indexing with the List box controls, Searching a Sorted list, the scroll bar and slider controls, Using
the common dialog controls, color common dialog box, font common dialog box. The file open and
save common dialogue boxes, help common dialog box, the file controls.

UNIT-IV

Classes, instance. Object Encapsulation and abstraction, Derived classes and base classes, class in
object linking and embedding (OLE). OLE at runtime, OLE controls, Graphics with Visual
Basic.NET, Form, picture box and image box controls Sizing images, loading and saving images,
Coordinate systems, scale properties and methods, The drawing methods: drawing text, drawing
boxes, filling, Drawing curves, manipulating pixels, specifying colors, Using timer controls
Multiple Document Interface (MDI), built-in capabilities of MDI, parent-child menus, object and
instances. Loading and unloading of child forms, New and open commands.
UNIT-V

Windows management, Graphics device interface, accessing the Win32 API from VB.NET
Dynamic-link-libraries (DLL) procedure, Calling a DLL procedure, special consideration when
DLL with special data types, The Bitmaps and graphics API functions, System API function
Programming and Interfacing with Office 97 - documents, Working with Excel objects.

TEXT & REFERENCE BOOKS:-

Application Development Using Visual Basic and .NET by Robert J. Oberg, Peter Thorsteinson
Dana L. Wyatt

4BCA2-MATHEMATICS-II

DISCRETE MATHEMATICS

UNIT-I

Statements, logical connections, truth tables. Tautologies, contradictions, logical equivalence.

Application to everyday reasoning.

UNIT-II

An axiom system for the sentence calculus. Truth tables as an effective procedure for deciding
logical validity. Relation of sentence calculus to Boolean algebra.

UNIT-III

Quantifiers: Universal and existential quantifier. Predicate calculus. Axiom system for predicate.
calculus. Application to everyday reasoning.

UNIT-IV

Sets and classes. Relation. Equivalence relation and equivalence classes. Partial order relation, lub
and glb. Trees and lattices. Injective, surjective and bijective mappings. Cardinality. Finite
and infinite sets.

UNIT-V

Definition and basic properties of: semigroups and groups, rings, integral domains, and fields.

UNIT- VI

Vector spaces and algebras. Linear dependence and independence. Bases. Linear transformation and
their representation a metrics. Invertible linear transformation and invertible matrix. Geometrical
interpretation of determinant of a 2x2 matrix.

TEXTS AND REFERENCE BOOKS:-

S.S. SASTRI, 'ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS', Prentice Hall of India

Bernard Kolman, Robert C. Busby, Sharon Ross, 'Discrete Mathematical Structures Engineering'
Mathematics

4BCA3-RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM & ORACLE

UNIT-I

Different Database model, RDBMS components – Kernel, Data dictionary, Client/server

Computing and Oracle, Overview of Oracle architecture - Oracle files, System and User process,
Oracle Memory, role of DBA, System database object, Protecting data.

UNIT-II

SQL Plus, Oracle data types, Creation, Inserting, Updating, Deletion of tables, Modification of
structure of tables, Removing, Deleting, Dropping of Tables, Data Constraints. Column level &
table Level Constraints. Null, Unique Key, Default key, Foreign key, check Integrity constraints,
Defending different constraints on the table Defining integrity constraints in the ALTER TABLE
Command, select Command, Logical Operator, Range Searching, Pattern Matching, Oracle
Function, Grouping data from Tables in SQL, Manipulation Data in SQL.

UNIT-III

Joining Multiple Tables (Equal joins). Joining a table to itself (self joins), sub queries Union,
intersect & Minus Clauses, Creating view, renaming the column of a view. Granting Permission on
the object created created by the user. GRANT statement, Object Privilege. Referencing a table
belonging to another user, Revoking the permission given, Indexes.

UNIT-IV

PL/SQL, SQL & PL/SQL, differences, block structure, variables, constants, data type. Assigning
database values to variables, select……. INTO. Cursors, Using flow control and loop statement
.GOTO statement. Error handling, Built-in exceptions, User defined exceptions. The Raise-
Application-error procedure, Oracle transaction, Locks, Implicit and Explicit locking.

UNIT-V

Procedures & Function–Concept, creation, execution, advantages, syntax, deletion. Triggers–

Concept, use, how to apply database triggers, types of triggers, syntax, deleting, import, export.
Oracle backup and recovery.

TEXT & REFERENCE BOOKS:

Ivan Bayross, "SQL, PL/SQL", BPB Publication

The Oracle Cook Book

Michael Abbey, Michael J. Corey, 'Oracle a Beginner's Guide', TMH Publication

Oracle Unleashed Chapter 1 content

4BCA4-COMPUTER PRACTICALS

UNIT-I
GUI Programming With Visual Basic .NET

UNIT-2

Implementation of ORACLE Statements.

SEMESTER-V
5BCAI-COMPUTER NETWORKS

UNIT-I

Needs and Advantage

Topology-Bus, star, Ring, star bus, star ring, Mesh, Network Protocols-Hardware Protocols,
software Protocols, selecting and designing the network for an organization.

UNIT-II

Signal Transmission-Digital signaling, Analog Signaling, Bit synchronization, Base band and
Broadband transmission, Networks Media types - properties & specialties & specialties,
comparative study, Network adapters–working principles, configuration and selection.

UNIT-III

OSI and IEEE 802 model. Ethernet - working principle. 10 & 100 MBPS Ethernet, Token Ring
working principal, cabling, Hops, FDDI, Apple talk & ARC networking and their components,
Network sealing - number of computers, distance, software, speed, special requirements.

UNIT-IV

Networking Technologies - Fiber channel, ATM, Network connectivity - Hubs, repeaters, bridge
multiplexers, Internet connectivity–Routers and Brouters, gateway, CSUs/DSUs

UNIT-V

Various Server & Clients Hardware & software & Hardware, simple Installation and configuration
of Windows NT, Novell Netware-server and clients. Simple network administration.

TEXT & REFERENCE BOOKS :

James Chellis Charles Perkins, Matthew Strebe 'Networking Essentials Guide MCSE', Second
Edition, BPB Publication.
S. K. Basendra & S. Jaiswal, 'Local Area Networks', Galgotia Publication

Gerd E. Keiser, “Local Area Networks”

Andrew & Tanenbaum, 'Computer Networks'

William Stallings, 'Data and Computer Communication'

Prakash C Gupta, 'Data Communication'

5BCA–JAVA PROGRAMMING
UNIT-I

C + + Vs JAVA, JAVA and WWW. JAVA support system, JAVA environment. JAVA program
structure, Tokens. Statements. JAVA virtual machine, Constant & Variables, Scope of Variables.
Symbolic Constants, Type Casting. Operators: Arithmetic, Relational, Logical Assignment,
Increment and Decrement, Conditional, Bitwise, Special, Expressions & its evaluation. If statement,
if...else... statement, Nesting of if...else... statement, else...if Ladder, Switch, ? Operators, Loops
While, Do, For, jumps in Loops, Labeled Loops.

UNIT-II

Defining a Class, Adding Variables and Methods, Creating Objects. Accessing Class Members.
Constructor, Method Overloading, Static Members, Nesting of Methods. Inheritance; Extending a
class Overriding Methods, Final Variables and Methods, Final Classes, Finalize Methods, Abstract
methods and Classes, Visibility Control.

UNIT-III

Arrays: One Dimensional & Two Dimensional. Strings, Vectors, Wrapper Classes, Defining
Interface Extending Interface, Implementing Interface, Assessing Interface Variable, System
Packages, Using System Packages, Adding a Class to a Package, Hiding Classes.

UNIT-IV

Creating Threads. Extending the Threads Class. Stopping and Blocking a Thread. Life Cycle of a
Thread, Using Methods, Thread Exceptions, Thread Priority. Synchronization, Implementing the
Runnable Interface.

UNIT-V

Local and remote Applets Vs Applications. Writing Applets, Applets Life cycle, creating an
Executable applet. Designing a web page. Applet lag, adding applet to HTML file. Running the
Applet. Passing parameters to applets. Aligning the display HTML, Tags & Applets Getting input
from the user.

TEXT & REFERENCE BOOKS:

E. Balaguruswamy, 'Programming in Java', 2andEdition, TMH Publications

Peter Norton, "Peter Norton Guide to Java Programming", Tec Media Publications
5BCA3-INTERNET & E-COMMERCE

UNIT-I

Internet: Evolution, Protocols. Interface Concepts. Internet Vs Intranet, Growth of Internet. ISP,
Connectivity–Dial-up, Leased line, VSAT etc., URLs, and Domain names, Portals, Application. E-
mail; Concepts, POP and WEB Based E-mail, merits, address, Basics of sending & Receiving. E-
mail Protocols, Mailing List, Free E-mail services.

UNIT-II

Data Transmission Protocols, Client/Server Architecture & its Characteristics, FTP & its usages,
Telnet Concept, Remote Logging, Protocols, Terminal Emulation. Message Board, Internet chatting
Voice chat, text chat.

UNIT-III

WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) – History, Working, Web Browsers, Its functions, Concept of
search Engines, Searching the Web, HTTP, URLs, Web Servers, Web Protocols. Web Protocols.
Web publication Concepts, Domain name Registration, Space on Host Server for Web site, HTML,
Design tools, HTML editors, Issues in website creation & maintenance, FTP software for upload
wed site. Concepts of Hypertext, Versions of HTML, Elements of HTML syntax, Head & Body
Sections
control, Different HTML tags. Table layout and presentation. Use of font size & Attributes, List
types and its tags. Use of Frames and Forms in web pages.

UNIT-IV

JavaScript Overview, and the WWW, JavaScript vs. VbScript vs. Java, JavaScript versions. Script
element, Inline JavaScript, Including JavaScript. Functions: Functioned introduction, Calling
function
Variables: Variables overview, declaring variables, Types of variables, Casting variables. Alert box
Arithmetic operators, Assignment operators, Logical operators. Expressions
and precedence statement; if statement, For statement, While statement, Break/Continue

UNIT-V

E-Commerce: an introduction, Concepts, Technology in E-Commerce, Internet & E-business

Advantage of E-Commerce. Applications, Feasibility & various constraints.

TEXT & REFERENCE BOOKS:

V.K. Jain, 'O level Module – M 1.2 – Internet & web page designing', BPB Publications.

Internet for Everyone

Delhi.

5BCA4-COMPUTER PRACTICALS
UNIT-I

Java Programming

UNIT-II

HTML, DHTML, VBScript, & JavaScript Writing.

SEMESTER–VI
6BCA1-SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

UNIT-I

System Concept: Definition, Characteristics, Element of system, Physical and abstract system open
and closed system, man-made information system Development Life Cycle: Various phase of
system development, Consideration for system planning and control for system success; Base for
planning a system, Dimension of Planning.

UNIT-II

Initial Investigation: Determining users requirements and analysis, fact finding process and
techniques study: Determination of feasibility study: Determination of feasibility study, Technical
Operational & Economic Feasibilities, System performance constraints, and identifications of
system objectives, feasibility report. Cost/Benefit Analysis, constant benefit analysis of a new
System. Categories determination and system proposal.

UNIT-III

Tools of structured Analysis; Logical and Physical models, context, diagram, data diagram, form
driven mythology, IPO and HIPO charts, system models, pseudo codes, Flow charts–system Flow
charts, run flow charts etc, decision tree, decision tables, data validation, Input/Output and Form
Design; Input and output form design methodologies, menu, screen design, layout consideration.

UNIT-IV

System testing & quality: System testing and quality assurance, steps in system implementation and
software maintenance, System security; security, Disaster/recovery and ethics in system
development, threat and risk analysis.

UNIT-V

Organization of EDP: Introduction. Job Responsibilities & Duties of EDP Personnel.

manager, System Analyst, Programmers, and Operators etc. Essential features in EDP
Organization. Selection of Data Processing Resources; purchase, lease, rent - advantages and
disadvantages.
TEXT & REFERENCE BOOKS:

SYSTEM Analysis & Design by VK Jain, Dreamtech Press

Modern System Analysis & Design

Education.

Information Technology & Computer Applications, by V.K. Kapoor, Sultan Chand & Sons, New
Delhi.

6BCA2–PRINCIPLE OF MANAGEMENT & FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING

PRINCIPLE OF MANAGEMENT

UNIT -1

Principle of management Evolution, development and modern philosophy of management, principle of

management, nature and functions of management, planning, organizing, Directing, Communicating.
Controlling and coordinating, Motivation and Leadership.

UNIT-II

Reporting - Capabilities, Principle, Type of Reports, Presentation on Modes, Function reporting system,
Information and its uses, Characteristics of information. Flow of information. Management information
system–Introduction, Characteristics, Needs, Different views of MIS, Designing, Placement of MIS, and
Pitfalls in Designing an MIS, Computer based MIS–Advantages.

UNIT-III

Introduction & types of Decision, Levels of Decision making Decision support system–Concepts, Types,
Software

UNIT-IV

Human Resources management: Concepts & functions, Job analysis and role description. Organization
Design and structure, Centralization and Decentralization, Brief introduction to project management and its
tools/techniques-Gantt chart, PERT/CPM.

UNIT-V

Computer Application in Business - Need and Scope, Computer Application in Project Management
Computer in Personnel Administration, Information system for Accounting-cost and Budgetary control,
Marketing and Manufacturing, Computer Application in Materials Management. Insurance and Stock-
Broking, Production planning and Control, Purchasing, Banking, Credit and Collection, Warehousing.

TEXT & REFERENCE BOOKS:

S.K.Basendra, 'Computers Today', Galgotia Publications

Koontz II, "Essential of Management", TMH Publications.

FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
UNIT-I

The basic Financial Accounts. Types of Account, Rules of Entries of transaction. Journal. Cash Book- Types,
Format of Cash Book. Balancing of Cash Book. Subsidiary book of Purchase, Sales, Purchase, Sales.
Purchase return and sales return. Ledger. Posting of entries.

UNIT-II

Trial Balance, Rectification of errors. Adjustment entries. Depreciation and Inflation.

UNIT-III

Principals of cost Accounting, Valuation of stocks. Allocation of Overhead, Methods of material issues.

UNIT-IV

Payroll department. Preparation of payroll. Preparation of wage record, Methods of payment of wages,
Overview of computerized method for payroll preparation.

UNIT-V

Inventory account and store record, inventory or stock control and cost accounting. Department demand and
supply method of stock control. Classification and condition of materials Report on material handling.
Overview of computerized accounting software.

TEXT & REFERENCE BOOKS

Mazda, Engineering Management, 1stEdition, 2000, Addison Wesley

Dr. SP Gupta, Management Accounting

I.M. Pandey, Financial Management, 8thEdition, 1999, Vikas Publication.

6BCA3-MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATION

UNIT-I

Multimedia: Needs and areas of use, multimedia development team & skills, Mac Vs Windows platform
Multimedia building blocks, Making simple multimedia with PowerPoint with PowerPoint. Various stages in
multimedia product design.

Plain & formatted text, RTF & HTML texts preparation tools, Conversion to and from of various
text formats, using standard software, Object Linking and Embedding concepts, Brief Intro to fonts editing
and design tools, Understanding & using text effects.

IMAGES – Types of graphics - Vector and Raster, Various attributes of Image, Various Image file format -
BMP, DIB, EPS, CIF, PEX, PIC, JPG, TGA and TIF FORMAT, Tools for file formats conversions,
Compression of images and its effect on quality and storage size, Brief knowledge of image compression
techniques- RLF, LZW, JPEG and wavelet compression, Image processing software tools.

UNIT-II
Sound: Sound and its attributes, Sound and its effect in multimedia, Analog vs Digital sound, Basics of
digital sounds-sampling, Frequency, Sound Depth, Channels, PC sound card standards–FM synthesis, Wave
table, midi and MP3 files and devices, 3D sounds, Capturing and Editing sound on Windows Sound
Recorder, Introduction to some sound editing software.

UNIT-III

Animation: Basics of animation, Principles and use in multimedia, Hardware & Software resources
requirements for animation, Effect of resolution, pixel depth, Images size on quality and storage. Types of
animation, Steps for creating a generic animation. Brief knowledge of 2-D and 3-D animation techniques and
software pro, 3D studio & Paint shop pro animator.

UNIT-IV

Video: Basics of video – Analog and Digital Video, Types, Hardware & Software resources requirement for
Video on PC, Digitization of analog video to digital video, Interlacing and no interlacing, Brief note on
various video standards–NTSC, PAL, SECAM, HDTV, Introduction to video capturing Media &
instrument–Videodisk, Camcorder, Introduction to digital video comparison techniques and various file
formats–AVI, MJPG, MOVE real video. Brief Introduction to video editing and movie making tools–
QuickTime, Video for Windows & Adobe Premiere.

UNIT-V

Authoring tools for Multimedia: Key factors of selecting CD based or Web-based multimedia, various
plug-ins for Web, HTML and Multimedia, Designing tips text and images for web. Planning and distribution
of a multimedia project. Stages in designing & producing multimedia product for CD and web, Testing of
product, distribution of multimedia product, various formats of CDs and DVDs.

TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS :

Multimedia: Making it WorkthEdition)–by Tay Vaughan, Tata Megraw Hills.

Multimedia in Action–James E Shuman–Vikas Publishing House.

6BCA4(A)-COMPUTER PRACTICALS

UNIT-I UNIT-II

Accounting Practice in Tally Multimedia Tools & Applications

6BCA4(B)–GUIDELINES FOR SUBMISSION OF BCA PROJECTS AND SUMMER

ASSIGNMENTS

All the candidates of BCA are required to submit a project report based on the work done by him/her during
the project assignment period.

THE GUIDE

The Guide for BCA would be a person having at least MCA/B. Tech/ M.SC (II) or equivalent. A guide
cannot guide more than five projects of B.N.M.U at a given time. Number of students in a project group will
be more than three for BCA.
PROJECT EVALUATION GUIDELINES

A.) To be done by the College

The evaluation of the Project will be done on the basis of the following heads:

Presentation - 50% of total marks.

Thesis/Project report - 50% of total marks.

B.) To be done at Examination Centre by External Examiner

The evaluation of the Project will be done on the basis of the following heads:

Long live - 50% of total marks.

Thesis/Project report - 50% of total marks.

SUMMARY/ABSTRACT

All students must submit a summary/abstract separately with the project report. Summary. Preferably,
should be of about 3-4 pages. The content should be as brief as is sufficient enough and implementation
of the project that the candidate is going to take up. The write up must adhere to the guidelines and
should include the following:

Name/Title of the Project

Statement about the Problem

Why is the particular topic chosen?

Objective and scope of the Project

Methodology (including a summary of the project)

Hardware & Software to be used

Testing Technologies used

What contribution would the project make?

TOPIC OF THE PROJECT-This should be explicitly mentioned at the beginning of the Synopsis. Since
the topic itself gives a peep into the project the project to be taken up, candidate is advised to be prudent on
naming the project. This being the overall impression on the future work, the topic should corroborate the
work.
OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE: This should give a clear picture of the project. The object should be clearly specified.
specified. What the project ends up being and how this will help the end user must be mentioned.
.

PROCESS DESCRIPTION: The process of the whole software system proposed to be developed, should
be mentioned In brief. This may be supported by DFDs /Flowcharts to explain the flow of the information.

RESOURCES AND LIMITATIONS: The requirement of the resources for designing and developing the
The proposed system must be provided. The resources may be in the form of hardware/software or data from
the industry. The limitation of the proposed system in respect of a larger and comprehensive system must be
given.

The write-up must end with the concluding remarks briefly describing innovation.
approach for implementing the project, main achievements and also any other important feature that makes
the system stand out from the rest.

The following suggested guidelines must be followed in preparing the final Project Report:

Good quality executive bond paper in A4 size should be used for typing and duplication. Care should be taken
taken to avoid smudging while duplicating the copies. page specification written paper and source code

Left margin -3.0 cms

Right margin -2.0cms

Top margin 2.54 cms

Bottom margin 2.54 cms

Page numbers-

All text pages as well as program source code

Listing should be numbered at the bottom center of the pages.

Normal body text: font size: 12, Times New Roman, Double spacing, justified. 6 point above and below paragraph.
spacing

Paragraph Heading font size :14 times new Roman ,underlined, left Aligned.12 point above & below
spacing.

Chapter Heading font size:20,times new Roman, center aligned,30 point above and below spacing.

Coding Font size: 10, courier new, normal.

Submission of project report to the university: the student will submit his/her project report in the
prescribed format, the project report should include:

One copy of the summary/abstract.

One hard copy of the project report.

3. Soft copy of the project on floppy/CD in a thick envelope pasted inside the back cover of the project report.

4. The project report may be about 75 pages (excluding coding).

FORMAT OF THE STUDENT PROJECT REPORT ON COMPLETION OF THE PROJECT

Cover page as per format

Acknowledgment

Certificate of the project guide/center Manager as at Annexure III

Synopsis of the project

Main report

Objective & scope of the project

Theoretical background

Definition of problem.

System Analysis & Design in relation to user requirements

System planning (PERT chart).

Methodology adopted, system implementation & testing

Details of Evolution, etc.

Output screen Design

Print out of the reports

Hardware & software used

System Maintenance & Cost and Benefit Analysis

Detailed life cycle of the project

ERD, DED

Inputs and outputs

Process involved

Methodology used

Test report, printout of the reports

Code sheet

User operational manual - including security aspects, access rights, back

up, controls, etc

Annexure:

1. Brief background of the organization where the student has developed the project.
 2. data Dictionary (this should give a catalogue of the data elements used in the system/sub system
developed. The following are the details required (write NA if not applicable)

Data name

Aliases, if any

Length (size)

Type (numeric Alpha, binary etc.)

3. List of abbreviations, figures, tables

4. References

Bibliography

Website

5. Soft copy of the project on CD/floppy

Formats of various certificates and formatting styles are as:

1) certificates from the Guide

Guide name is designation full Address

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this project entitled “xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxx xxx“ submitted in partial
fulfillment of the degree of bachelor of computer Applications to the B.N.Mandal University, Madhepura
through xxxxxx xxxxx (collage name), done by Mr./Ms.________________________________ Roll.
No._____________________ is an authentic Work carried out by him / her at
______________________ under my Guidance. The matter embodied in this project work has not been
submitted earlier for any degree or diploma to the best of my knowledge and belief.

Signature of the student

2) Format for Project Report Cover Page:

Title of the thesis / report

(Times new Roman, Italic, Font size = 24)
Submitted of particle fulfillment to the requirements

For the award of the degree of Bachelor of Computer

Application
 (Bookmen Old style, 16 point, center)

Guide Submitted by :

Guide Name (student's name)

Roll no:

Submitted to

B.N. Mandal University, Madhepura

College Name and City

self certificate by the students

SELF CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the dissertation / project report entitled “__________________________” has been done
by me which is an authentic work carried out for the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of
the degree of bachelor of computer application under the guidance of ________________ the master
embodied in this project work has not been submitted earlier for the award of any degree or diploma to the best.
of my knowledge and belief.

Signature of the student

Name of the student

Roll no.

Collage Name

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

In the acknowledgements page, the writer recognizes his indebtedness for guidance and assistance of the
thesis adviser and other numbers of the facility. Courtesy demands that he also recognize specific
contributions by other persons or institutions such as libraries and research foundations. acknowledgements
should be expressed simply, tastefully, and tactfully.

BIBLIOGRAPHY :

(EXAMPLE)

1. D.L. Carney, J.I. Cochrane, "the 5ESS Switching System: Architectural Overview," AT&T
Technical journal, vol. 64, no. 6, July-August 1985, pp. 1339-1356.

2.A. Stevens C++ database Development, MIS press, New York, 1992, p. 34.
Computer Data-base Organization

4.www.Ibm.com/In

5. www.intel.com/india