The Galvanometer
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ScribdTranslationsThe Galvanometer
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ScribdTranslations1. The Galvanometer.
The galvanometer is an instrument used to detect and measure electric current.
It is an electromagnetic analog transducer that produces a deformation of
rotation in a needle or pointer in response to the electric current that flows through
its coil. It is capable of detecting the presence of small currents in a circuit
closed, and it can be adapted, through its calibration, to measure its magnitude. Its
operating principle (moving coil and fixed magnet) is known as a mechanism of
D'Arsonval, in honor of the scientist who developed it.
2. Pivoted Moving Coil Galvanometer.
In the mobile frame galvanometer or moving coil, the effect is similar, differing
only that in this case the indicator needle is associated with a small coil,
for which the current to be measured circulates and is found within the magnetic field
produced by a fixed magnet.
3. Ballistic Galvanometer.
A ballistic galvanometer is a type of ammeter. Any galvanometer whose
mobile unit has a very long oscillation period can operate like ballistics.
Generally, the magneto-electric type is preferred due to the high resistance of the circuit.
works with practically zero damping. The main characteristics of a
ballistic galvanometer is the great moment of inertia of the moving element and the
subsequent small damping.
4. Sensitivity of the Galvanometer.
It is defined as the sensitivity of a galvanometer, to the current needed for it to
the indicator needle deviates to the extreme of the scale. Thus, a milliammeter of 0-3
mA requires a current of 3 mA, to obtain the full-scale deviation of the
needle, corresponding to the unit of the amount of electric charge that passes through in
instant download form of the tool.
5. Shunt Ayrton.
A shunt is a resistive load through which an electric current is derived.
Generally, the resistance of a shunt is known precisely and is used to
determine the intensity of electric current that flows through this charge, by means of
the measurement of the voltage difference across it, making use of it
Ohm's law (I = V/R). It is a high shunt resistance used in galvanometers to
increase its range without changing the damping. The circuit is named after its inventor
William E. Ayrton.
6. Internal Resistance of the Galvanometer.
The internal resistance proper is that which the winding of the device possesses.
magnetic, however, it is normally understood by internal resistance as resistance
total offered by the instrument in its specific application (voltmeter, ammeter, etc.);
and that is also due to the resistance (or resistances) that can be connected in
in parallel or in series with the galvanometer.
7. Galvanometer Equation.
There are two different origins of the electric forces that act on a charge.
electric. They are called: 'electrostatic force' and 'magnetic force'. The two fields
Vectorial quantities are: the electric field intensity E [volt/meter], and the flux density
magnetic, B [weber]. The instantaneous force on a point charge of q coulombs, which
it moves with a speed of v [m/s], it is related to the two fields by the law
f = q.(E + v ´ B) newton
In the particular case that electric charges move within a conductor,
as in the galvanometer coil, the law of force can be formulated as a function of the
conduction current instead of the charge.
The magnitude of the total force exerted on a coil of n turns is f = i n.B.L and its
the direction is mutually perpendicular to B and to the side of the coil L.
8. Oscillatory Case of the Galvanometer.
They are periodic movements in which the distance of the mobile object to the center changes.
alternatively for a maximum and a minimum value. The oscillatory movement is a
movement around a stable equilibrium point. This can be simple or complete.
The mechanical equilibrium points are generally those at which the net force
that acts on the particle is zero. If the equilibrium is stable, a displacement of the
particle with respect to the position of equilibrium (elongation) gives rise to the appearance of
a restoring force that will return the particle to the equilibrium point.
9. Periodic Case of the Galvanometer.
A movement is said to be periodic when at equal time intervals, all the
variables of motion (velocity, acceleration, etc.), take the same value.
10. Critical Damping of the Galvanometer.
The dynamic behavior of a galvanometer can be observed through
sudden interruptions of the applied current, so that the coil will return from
its deflected position to its zero position. This is recognized as a result of inertia
of the mobile system, the needle will pass through the zero mark in the opposite direction, and then
will oscillate around zero. These oscillations gradually decrease due to the
damping of the moving element and finally the needle reaches its state of rest in
zero.
