7
Current Sensitivity of M.C.G.
Date: .............20
Theory
Moving Coil Gavanometer: Moving coil galvanometer is on electromangnetic device that can measure small volues
current. It consists of permanent horseshoe magnets, coil, soft iron core, pivoted spring, non-metallic frame, scale, and point
Principle of Moving Coil Galvanometer: Torque acts on a current-carrying coil suspended in the uniform magnetic he
Due to this, the coil rotates. Hence, proportional to the current
in the coil. the deflection in the moving coil galvanometer is directly fow
Sensitivity of M. C. G.: Deflection produced due to flow of unit current in its coil, is called current sensitivity of the golvanome,
It is represented by the symbol S.
K where, A = area of galvanometer coil
From relation, I = N = number of turns in coil
NAB
= curent through coil
S= NAB
K
= deflection in galvonometer
K = figure of merit
Experiment:
Aim : To determine the current sensitivity of a moving coil galvanometer (M.C.G.)
Apparatus :Amoving coil table galvanometer, a plug key, a cell or battery (about 2 V), a reversing key, ok.
resistance box, connecting wires, a microammeter, etc.
Accuracy :A galvanometer with high sensitivity will deflect significantly for a small current.
Formula:
S = where, S = Current sensitivity
0 = Deflection in galvanometer
Iç = Current through galvanometer
Circuit diagram:
E
Notations:
E = Cell or Battery
R¡ =Resistance Box
K =Four way key
G = Galvanometer
A = Microammeter
Fig. 7.1
Procedure:
(1) Connect the circuit as shown in figure.
(2) Take or select high resistance from box and close key K, so that current flows through galvanometer on
shows deflection. Note the deflection 0 in the galvanometer.
(3) Repeat the procedure for three different values of Rso that successive readings differ about 3 to 4 divtsi
and it covers entire scale of galvanometer. Note current l in each case.
(4) Calculate current sensitivity for each reading and find its mean value.
(5) Plot a graph of 0 against Iç. Hence determine the current sensitivity of the galvanometer from the grop
(52)
ANew Approach to Physics Practicol Book- XII 53
Observations:
() Resistance of galvanometer, G=.....O.O..
(2) E.M.F. of acell,E = volt.
Obs. Resistance Current Current Deflection Current sensitivity Mean S
No. RQ 9 div
lA S= div/A (div/A)
1. 5000 330 330xi8 5.|5XIo
2 6O00 290 290x1Q6 15 5.|7X109 5:13 XI0
3 250 250x16 13 52 X l0
4. g000 220 |220x165 5x10
Calculation:
Current sensitivity of galvanometer S =
Obs. No. 1 2
log = a |2304 |:|761 ||139 |·0414
log l =b 4.5185 4.3979 4.3424
4.7119 4.7|37 4:716o 4.G99O
Antilog c=S 5|6X10 5.2 x)o" 5 X104
Mean S S, + S, + S, + S,
4
.29.53XI0
4
Graph:
Scale:
Y-axis
For X-axis:
For Y-axis:
AB X scale
Slope =
BC Xscale
(div)
....2.2.2..
..:.6.X5ox6 8o
B
= ..0.:05Xl06
X-axis Current sensisitivity = Slope
(0,0) 4
=..... ...... div/A
Fig. 7.2
ANew Approuch to Physies Proeteol
J.d...... (on X - oxis)
Graph of .......®. (on Y -axis) ogainst
Y-uxiN
2d0
ANew Approach to Physics Practical Book - XIl 55
Result:
Current sensitivity of a moving coil table galvanometer,
=
5:13X10 div/A (by calculation)
S =
..5x10 div/A (by graph)
Precautions
(1) Check that all connection at terminal screws are tight, key Kand K, are tight, resistance keys in box are tight.
(2) Check that deflection in the aalvanometer when you remove resistance from resistance box and ensure that
pointer of galvanometer does not go out of the scale.
(3) Pass current through circuit only at the time of observations.
Sources of Error
(1) The screws of the instruments may be loose.
(2) The plugs of resistance box may not be clean.
(3) The emf of battery may not be constant.
(4) The galvanometer divisions may be of equal size.
Additionl Experiments/Activity you can do
Using G= ohm (resistance of galvanometer). Find the voltage sensitivity of the galvanometer.
Using formula,
for each reading. Hence find mean S,y div/V
S, = ,G
QUESTIONS
galvanometer?
(1) What is the current sensitivity of the
Ans:
depends.
which current sensitivity
(2) State the factors on
Ans:
Teacher's Signature
Remark :
