mÙkj izns'k vk;qfoZKku fo'ofo|ky;
lSQbZ] bVkok ¼m0iz0½
Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences
Saifai, Etawah - 206 130 (U.P.)
Website: www.upums.ac.in
Syllabus for "C.P.N.E.T."
PHYSICS
Unit I: Electrostatics
Electric charges and their conservation. Coulomb’s law – force between two point charges, forces between
multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution. Electric field, electric field
due to a point charge, electric field lines; electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole; torque on a dipole in
a uniform electric field. Electric flux, statement of Gauss’s theorem and its applications to find field due to
infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical
shell (field inside and outside). Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point
charge, a dipole and system of charges; equi-potential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of
two point charges and of electric dipoles in an electrostatic field. Conductors and insulators, free charges
and bound charges inside a conductor. Dielectrics and electric polarisation, capacitors and capacitance,
combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without
dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor, Van de Graff generator.
Unit II: Current Electricity
Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity and mobility, and their
relation with electric current; Ohm’s law, electrical resistance, V-I characteristics (linear and non-linear),
electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity.Carbon resistors, colour code for carbon
resistors; series and parallel combinations of resistors; temperature dependence of resistance. Internal
resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel.
Kirchhoff ’s laws and simple applications. Wheatstone bridge, metre bridge. Potentiometer – principle and
applications to measure potential difference, and for comparing emf of two cells; measurement of internal
resistance of a cell.
Unit III: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism
Concept of magnetic field, Oersted’s experiment. Biot - Savart law and its application to current carrying
circular loop. Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire, straight and toroidal
solenoids. Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields. Cyclotron. Force on a current-
carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. Force between two parallel current carrying conductors –
definition of ampere. Torque experienced by a current loop in a magnetic field; moving coil galvanometer –
its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter. Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its
magnetic dipole moment. Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron. Magnetic field intensity due to a
magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis. Torque on a magnetic dipole (bar
magnet) in a uniform magnetic field; bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; Earth’s
magnetic field and magnetic elements. Para-, dia- and ferro - magnetic substances, with examples.
Electromagnets and factors affecting their strengths. Permanent magnets.
Unit IV: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents
Electromagnetic induction; Faraday’s law, induced emf and current; Lenz’s Law, Eddy currents. Self
and mutual inductance. Alternating currents, peak and rms value of alternating current/voltage; reactance
and impedance; LC oscillations (qualitative treatment only), LCR series circuit, resonance; power in AC
circuits, wattles current. AC generator and transformer.
mÙkj izns'k vk;qfoZKku fo'ofo|ky;
lSQbZ] bVkok ¼m0iz0½
Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences
Saifai, Etawah - 206 130 (U.P.)
Website: www.upums.ac.in
Unit V: Electromagnetic Waves
Need for displacement current. Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics (qualitative ideas only).
Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared,
visible, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses.
Unit VI: Optics
Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula. Refraction of light, total internal reflection and its
applications, optical fibres, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens-maker’s formula.
Magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact combination of a lens and a mirror.
Refraction and dispersion of light through a prism. Scattering of light – blue colour of the sky and reddish
appearance of the sun at sunrise and sunset.
Optical instruments: Human eye, image formation and accommodation, correction of eye defects (myopia
and hypermetropia) using lenses. Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and
their magnifying powers.
Wave optics: Wavefront and Huygens’ principle, reflection and refraction of plane wave at a plane surface
using wavefronts. Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens’ principle. Interference,
Young’s double hole experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and sustained
interference of light. Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum.
Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes. Polarisation, plane polarised light;
Brewster’s law, uses of plane polarised light and Polaroids.
Unit VII: Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation
Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard’s observations; Einstein’s photoelectric equation – particle nature of
light. Matter waves – wave nature of particles, de Broglie relation. Davisson-Germer experiment.
Unit VIII: Atoms and Nuclei
Alpha - particle scattering experiment; Rutherford’s model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen
spectrum. Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars; isotones. Radioactivity –
alpha, beta and gamma particles/rays and their properties; radioactive decay law. Mass-energy relation,
mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number; nuclear fission and fusion.
Unit IX: Electronic Devices
Energy bands in solids (qualitative ideas only), conductors, insulators and semiconductors; semiconductor
diode – I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode as a rectifier; I-V characteristics of LED,
photodiode, solar cell, and Zener diode; Zener diode as a voltage regulator. Junction transistor, transistor
action, characteristics of a transistor; transistor as an amplifier (common emitter configuration) and
oscillator. Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND and NOR). Transistor as a switch.
Unit X: Communication Systems
Elements of a communication system (block diagram only); bandwidth of signals (speech, TV and digital
data); bandwidth of transmission medium. Propagation of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere, sky
and space wave propagation. Need for modulation. Production and detection of an amplitude-modulated
wave.
mÙkj izns'k vk;qfoZKku fo'ofo|ky;
lSQbZ] bVkok ¼m0iz0½
Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences
Saifai, Etawah - 206 130 (U.P.)
Website: www.upums.ac.in
CHEMISTRY
Unit I: Solid State
Classification of solids based on different binding forces :molecular, ionic covalent and metallic solids,
amorphous and crystalline solids(elementary idea),unit cell in two dimensional and three dimensional
lattices, calculation of density of unit cell, packing in solids, packing efficiency, voids ,number of atoms per
unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects, electrical and magnetic properties, Band theory of metals,
conductors, semiconductors and insulators and n and p type semiconductors .
Unit II : Solutions
Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in
liquids, solid solutions, colligative properties – relative lowering of vapour pressure, Raoult’s law, elevation
of B.P., depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative
properties, abnormal molecular mass, Vant Hoff factor.
Unit III: Electrochemistry
Redox reactions; conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity variations of
conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch’s Law, electrolysis and laws of electrolysis (elementary idea),
dry cell – electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells; lead accumulator, EMF of a cell, standard electrode
potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells. Relation between Gibbs energy change and
EMF of a cell, fuel cells; corrosion.
Unit IV: Chemical Kinetics
Rate of a reaction (average and instantaneous), factors affecting rates of reaction: concentration,
temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction; rate law and specific rate constant, integrated
rate equations and half life (only for zero and first order reactions); concept of collision theory (elementary
idea, no mathematical treatment).Activation energy, Arrhenious equation.
Unit V: Surface Chemistry
Adsorption – physisorption and chemisorption; factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids;
catalysis:homogenous and heterogeneous, activity and selectivity: enzyme catalysis; colloidal state:
distinction between true solutions, colloids and suspensions; lyophillic, lyophobic multimolecular and
macromolecular colloids; properties of colloids; Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis,
coagulation; emulsions – types of emulsions.
Unit VI: General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements
Principles and methods of extraction – concentration, oxidation, reduction electrolytic method and refining;
occurrence and principles of extraction of aluminium, copper, zinc and iron.
Unit VII: p-Block Elements
Group 15 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states, trends in
physical and chemical properties; nitrogen – preparation, properties and uses; compounds of nitrogen:
preparation and properties of ammonia and nitric acid, oxides of nitrogen ( structure only); Phosphorous-
allotropic forms; compounds of phosphorous: preparation and properties of phosphine, halides (PCl3, PCl5)
and oxoacids (elementary idea only).
Group 16 elements : General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence,
mÙkj izns'k vk;qfoZKku fo'ofo|ky;
lSQbZ] bVkok ¼m0iz0½
Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences
Saifai, Etawah - 206 130 (U.P.)
Website: www.upums.ac.in
trends in physical and chemical properties; dioxygen: preparation, properties and uses; classification of
oxides; ozone. Sulphur – allotropic forms; compounds of sulphur: preparation, properties and uses of
sulphur dioxide; sulphuric acid: industrial process of manufacture, properties and uses, oxoacids of sulphur
(structures only).
Group 17 elements : General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in
physical and chemical properties; compounds of halogens: preparation, properties and uses of chlorine and
hydrochloric acid, interhalogen compounds, oxoacids of halogens (structures only).
Group 18 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, trends in physical and
chemical properties, uses.
Unit VIII: d and f Block Elements
General introduction ,electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals, general
trends in properties of the first row transition metals – metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation
states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation.
Preparation and properties of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4. Lanthanoids – electronic configuration, oxidation
states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid contraction and its consequences. Actinoids – Electronic
configuration, oxidation states and comparison with lanthenoids .
Unit IX Coordination Compounds
Coordination compounds : Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and
shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, bonding, Werner’s theory
VBT,CFT; isomerism (structural and stereo) importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative
analysis,extraction of metals and biological systems).
Unit X: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C-X bond, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of
substitution reactions. Optical rotation. Haloarenes: Nature of C-X bond, substitution reactions (directive
influence of halogen for monosubstituted compounds only). Uses and environmental effects of –
dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform, freons, DDT.
Unit XI: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary alcohols
only); identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration, uses, with
special reference to methanol and ethanol.
Phenols : Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol,
electrophillic substitution reactions, uses of phenols.
Ethers : Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses.
Unit XII: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical
and chemical properties, and mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in
aldehydes;uses.
Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical
properties; uses.
mÙkj izns'k vk;qfoZKku fo'ofo|ky;
lSQbZ] bVkok ¼m0iz0½
Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences
Saifai, Etawah - 206 130 (U.P.)
Website: www.upums.ac.in
Unit XIII: Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen
Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical
properties, uses, identification of primary secondary and tertiary amines.
Cyanides and Isocyanides – will be mentioned at relevant places in context.
Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic chemistry.
Unit XIV: Biomolecules
Carbohydrates – Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccharide (glucose and fructose), DL
configuration, oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen):
importance.
Proteins - Elementary idea of a - amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, primary structure,
secondary structure, tertiary structure and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of
proteins; enzymes.
Hormones –Elementary idea (excluding structure).
Vitamins – Classification and functions.
Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA
Unit XV: Polymers
Classification – Natural and synthetic, methods of polymerization (addition and condensation),
copolymerization. Some important polymers: natural and synthetic like polythene, nylon, polyesters,
bakelite,rubber. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymers.
Unit XVI: Chemistry in Everyday Life
1. Chemicals in medicines – analgesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, anti-fertility
drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamines.
2. Chemicals in food – preservatives, artificial sweetening agents, elementary idea of antioxidants.
3. Cleansing agents – soaps and detergents, cleansing action.
mÙkj izns'k vk;qfoZKku fo'ofo|ky;
lSQbZ] bVkok ¼m0iz0½
Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences
Saifai, Etawah - 206 130 (U.P.)
Website: www.upums.ac.in
BIOLOGY
I. Reproduction
Reproduction in organisms: Reproduction, a characteristic feature of all organisms for continuation of
species; Modes of reproduction – Asexual and sexual; Asexual reproduction; Modes- Binary fission,
sporulation, budding, gemmule, fragmentation; vegetative propagation in plants.
Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure; Development of male and female
gametophytes; Pollination–types, agencies and examples; Outbreedings devices; Pollen-Pistil interaction;
Double fertilization; Post fertilization events– Development of endosperm and embryo, Development of
seed and formation of fruit; Special modes– apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed
and fruit formation.
Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; Microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary;
Gametogenesis- spermatogenesis & oogenesis; Menstrual cycle; Fertilisation, embryo development upto
blastocyst formation, implantation; Pregnancy and placenta formation (Elementary idea); Parturition
(Elementary idea); Lactation (Elementary idea).
Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STD);
Birth control- Need and Methods, Contraception and Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP);
Amniocentesis; Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies – IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (Elementary idea for
general awareness).
II. Genetics and Evolution
Heredity and variation: Mendelian Inheritance; Deviations from Mendelism– Incomplete dominance,
Co-dominance, Multiple alleles and Inheritance of blood groups, Pleiotropy; Elementary idea of polygenic
inheritance; Chromosome theory of inheritance; Chromosomes and genes; Sex determination– In humans,
birds, honey bee; Linkage and crossing over; Sex linked inheritance- Haemophilia, Colour blindness;
Mendelian disorders in humans– Thalassemia; Chromosomal disorders in humans; Down’s syndrome,
Turner’s and Klinefelter’s syndromes.
Molecular Basis of Inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of
DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central dogma; Transcription, genetic code,
translation; Gene expression and regulation– Lac Operon; Genome and human genome project; DNA
finger printing.
Evolution: Origin of life; Biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (Paleontological,
comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidence); Darwin’s contribution, Modern Synthetic
theory of Evolution; Mechanism of evolution– Variation (Mutation and Recombination) and Natural
Selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic dirft; Hardy- Weinberg’s
principle; Adaptive Radiation; Human evolution.
III Biology and Human Welfare
Health and Disease: Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (Malaria, Filariasis, Ascariasis, Typhoid,
Pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm); Basic concepts of immunology–vaccines; Cancer, HIV
and AIDs; Adolescence, drug and alcohol abuse.
Improvement in food production: Plant breeding, tissue culture, single cell protein, Biofortification;
Apiculture and Animal husbandry.
mÙkj izns'k vk;qfoZKku fo'ofo|ky;
lSQbZ] bVkok ¼m0iz0½
Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences
Saifai, Etawah - 206 130 (U.P.)
Website: www.upums.ac.in
Microbes in human welfare: In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy
generation and as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers.
IV Biotechnology and Its Applications
Principles and process of Biotechnology: Genetic engineering (Recombinant DNA technology).
Application of Biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, gene
therapy; Genetically modified organisms- Bt crops; Transgenic Animals; Biosafety issues– Biopiracy and
patents.
V Ecology and environment
Organisms and environment: Habitat and niche; Population and ecological adaptations; Population
interactions–mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; Population attributes–growth, birth rate and
death rate, age distribution.
Ecosystems: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; Energy flow; Pyramids of number,
biomass, energy; Nutrient cycling (carbon and phosphorous); Ecological succession; Ecological Services–
Carbon fixation, pollination, oxygen release.
Biodiversity and its conservation: Concept of Biodiversity; Patterns of Biodiversity; Importance of
Biodiversity; Loss of Biodiversity; Biodiversity conservation; Hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction,
Red Data Book, biosphere reserves, National parks and sanctuaries.
Environmental issues: Air pollution and its control; Water pollution and its control; Agrochemicals and
their effects; Solid waste management; Radioactive waste management; Greenhouse effect and global
warming; Ozone depletion; Deforestation; Any three case studies as success stories addressing
environmental issues.
mÙkj izns'k vk;qfoZKku fo'ofo|ky;
lSQbZ] bVkok ¼m0iz0½
Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences
Saifai, Etawah - 206 130 (U.P.)
Website: www.upums.ac.in
MATHEMATICS
UNIT I: RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
1. Relations and Functions
Types of relations: Reflexive, symmetric, transitive and equivalence relations. One to one and on to
functions, composite functions, inverse of a function. Binary operations.
2. Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Definition, range, domain, principal value branches. Graphs of inverse trigonometric functions. Elementary
properties of inverse trigonometric functions.
UNIT II: ALGEBRA
1. Matrices
Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero matrix, transpose of a matrix, symmetric and
skew symmetric matrices. Addition, multiplication and scalar multiplication of matrices, simple properties
of addition, multiplication and scalar multiplication. Non-commutativity of multiplication of matrices and
existence of non-zero matrices whose product is the zero matrix (restrict to square matrices of order 2).
Concept of elementary row and column operations. Invertible matrices and proof of the uniqueness of
inverse, if it exists; (Here all matrices will have real entries).
2. Determinants
Determinant of a square matrix (up to 3 × 3 matrices), properties of determinants, minors, cofactors and
applications of determinants in finding the area of a triangle. Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix.
Consistency, inconsistency and number of solutions of system of linear equations by examples, solving
system of linear equations in two or three variables (having unique solution) using inverse of a matrix.
UNIT III: CALCULUS
1. Continuity and Differentiability
Continuity and differentiability, derivative of composite functions, chain rule, derivatives of inverse
trigonometric functions, derivative of implicit function. Concepts of exponential, logarithmic functions.
Derivatives of loge x and ex. Logarithmic differentiation. Derivative of functions expressed in parametric
forms. Second order derivatives. Rolle’s and Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorems (without proof) and their
geometric interpretations.
2. Applications of Derivatives
Applications of derivatives: Rate of change, increasing/decreasing functions, tangents and normals,
approximation, maxima and minima (first derivative test motivated geometrically and second derivative test
given as a provable tool). Simple problems (that illustrate basic principles and understanding of the subject
as well as real-life situations).
3. Integrals
Integration as inverse process of differentiation. Integration of a variety of functions by substitution,
by partial fractions and by parts, only simple integrals of the type –
to be evaluated.
mÙkj izns'k vk;qfoZKku fo'ofo|ky;
lSQbZ] bVkok ¼m0iz0½
Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences
Saifai, Etawah - 206 130 (U.P.)
Website: www.upums.ac.in
Definite integrals as a limit of a sum. Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (without proof). Basic properties
of definite integrals and evaluation of definite integrals.
4. Applications of the Integrals
Applications in finding the area under simple curves, especially lines, arcs of circles/parabolas/ellipses
(in standard form only), area between the two above said curves (the region should be clearly identifiable).
5. Differential Equations
Definition, order and degree, general and particular solutions of a differential equation. Formation of
differential equation whose general solution is given. Solution of differential equations by method of
separation of variables, homogeneous differential equations of first order and first degree. Solutions
of linear differential equation of the type –
UNIT IV: VECTORS AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY
1. Vectors
Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector. Direction cosines/ratios of vectors. Types of
vectors (equal, unit, zero, parallel and collinear vectors), position vector of a point, negative of a vector,
components of a vector, addition of vectors, multiplication of a vector by a scalar, position vector of a point
dividing a line segment in a given ratio. Scalar (dot) product of vectors, projection of a vector on a line.
Vector (cross) product of vectors, scalar triple product.
2. Three-dimensional Geometry
Direction cosines/ratios of a line joining two points. Cartesian and vector equation of a line, coplanar and
skew lines, shortest distance between two lines. Cartesian and vector equation of a plane. Angle between (i)
two lines, (ii) two planes, (iii) a line and a plane. Distance of a point from a plane.
Unit V: Linear Programming
Introduction, related terminology such as constraints, objective function, optimization, different types of
linear programming (L.P.) problems, mathematical formulation of L.P. problems, graphical method of
solution for problems in two variables, feasible and infeasible regions, feasible and infeasible solutions,
optimal feasible solutions (up to three non-trivial constrains).
Unit VI: Probability
Multiplications theorem on probability. Conditional probability, independent events, total probability,
Baye’s theorem. Random variable and its probability distribution, mean and variance of haphazard variable.
Repeated independent (Bernoulli) trials and Binomial distribution.
mÙkj izns'k vk;qfoZKku fo'ofo|ky;
lSQbZ] bVkok ¼m0iz0½
Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences
Saifai, Etawah - 206 130 (U.P.)
Website: www.upums.ac.in
GENERAL ENGLISH
1. Rules For Tenses
2. Rules For Prepositions
3. List of Prepositions
4. Rules and List of Conjunctions
5. Active And Passive Voice Rules
6. List of One Word Substitutions
7. List of Homophones/Homonyms
8. List of Synonyms and Antonyms
9. Idioms And Phrases
10. Spotting the Error
11. Sentence Correction Questions
12. Adjective Degree Of Comparison Rules
13. Article Rules
14. Direct & Indirect Speech Rules
15. Sentence Rearrangement & Para jumbles
mÙkj izns'k vk;qfoZKku fo'ofo|ky;
lSQbZ] bVkok ¼m0iz0½
Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences
Saifai, Etawah - 206 130 (U.P.)
Website: www.upums.ac.in
GENERAL HINDI
1. वर्ण ववचार
2. शब्द ववचार
3. उपसर्ण एवं प्रत्यय
4. संज्ञा एवं सवणनाम
5. ववशेषर् एवं क्रिया ववशेषर्
6. कारक
7. क्रिया
8. समास
9. स्वर संधि
10. व्यंजन संधि
11. ववसर्ण संधि
12. वाक्य शुद्िता
13. वतणनी सुिार
14. अऱंकार
15. ववराम धचन्ह
16. मुहावरे एवम ् ऱोकोक्क्त
mÙkj izns'k vk;qfoZKku fo'ofo|ky;
lSQbZ] bVkok ¼m0iz0½
Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences
Saifai, Etawah - 206 130 (U.P.)
Website: www.upums.ac.in
GENERAL STUDIES
1. History:
Indian History: From ancient times to the present, including the Indian National Movement, the
freedom struggle, and post-independence developments.
World History: Significant events and developments since the 18th century, including
revolutions, wars, and the rise of political ideologies.
2. Geography:
Indian Geography: Physical, social, and economic aspects of India.
World Geography: Distribution of key resources, geographical phenomena, and the impact of
human activities.
3. Polity:
Indian Polity: The Indian Constitution, the political system, governance, Panchayati Raj, and
issues related to public policy.
4. Economy:
Indian Economy: Development issues, poverty, inclusion, demographics, and social sector
initiatives.
5. Science and Technology:
General Science: Fundamental concepts of science and technology, including their applications in
various fields.
6. Current Events:
National and International Importance: Recent events of national and international significance,
including politics, economics, social issues, and technological advancements.
7. Environment and Ecology:
General Issues: Environmental issues, biodiversity, climate change, and related challenges.
8. Social Studies:
Indian Society: Salient features, diversity, role of women's organizations, poverty and
development issues, population dynamics, urbanization, and globalization.
9. Ethical and Moral Values:
Ethical Frameworks: Understanding ethical concepts, values, and principles that govern social
behavior and decision-making.
National and International Current Affairs: This includes major events, policies, and
developments in India and globally.
Government Schemes: Awareness of new and ongoing government schemes, particularly those
related to financial inclusion and economic development.
Economic and Business News: Understanding economic indicators, business trends, and major
economic policies.
Social and Political Issues: Awareness of major social and political events, including reforms,
conflicts, and policy changes.
Science and Technology: Recent advancements and their implications for society and the
economy.
Sports and Arts: Major sporting events and achievements, as well as cultural and artistic
milestones.
