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The document outlines electrical thumb rules for equipment selection, focusing on power cables, earthing, motors, generators, transformers, UPS, inverters, and other equipment. Key guidelines include maintaining voltage drop limits, ensuring adequate current carrying capacity, and prioritizing high efficiency for energy conservation. General recommendations also emphasize derating for temperature and altitude effects, overloading tolerance, and redundancy in critical systems.

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22 views3 pages

Document 2

The document outlines electrical thumb rules for equipment selection, focusing on power cables, earthing, motors, generators, transformers, UPS, inverters, and other equipment. Key guidelines include maintaining voltage drop limits, ensuring adequate current carrying capacity, and prioritizing high efficiency for energy conservation. General recommendations also emphasize derating for temperature and altitude effects, overloading tolerance, and redundancy in critical systems.

Uploaded by

prabakaran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Electrical Thumb Rules for Equipment Selec7on

1. Power Cable Selec7on

• Voltage Drop:
• Maintain ≤ 3% for feeders
• ≤ 5% for branch circuits
• Current Carrying Capacity:
• Cable should support 1.5–2 7mes the full load current.
• Cable Size:
• For 3-phase: 1.5–2.5 mm² per kW
• For 1-phase: 1–2 mm² per kW
• Cable Insula7on Level:
• 600V/1000V for LT (Low Tension) systems
• 6.6kV/11kV for HT (High Tension) systems

2. Earthing Cable Selec7on

• Earth Fault Current:


• Design for 10–20 7mes the full load current.
• Earthing Cable Size:
• Select 50–67% of the phase conductor size.
• Earth Resistance:
• ≤ 1 Ω for LT systems
• ≤ 5 Ω for HT systems

3. Motor Selec7on

• Motor Capacity:
• Rated power: 1.5–2 7mes the load HP/kW.
• Efficiency:
• ≥ 90% for IE2 motors
• ≥ 95% for IE3 motors
• Power Factor:
• Maintain ≥ 0.8 for induc7on motors.
• Star7ng Current:
• Typically 6–8 7mes the full load current.

4. Generator Selec7on

• Generator Capacity:
• Rated power: 1.5–2 7mes the load KVA/kW.
• Efficiency:
• Maintain ≥ 90%.
• Power Factor:
• Maintain ≥ 0.8.
• Frequency:
• 50/60 Hz depending on the regional standard.

5. Transformer Selec7on
• Transformer Capacity:
• Rated power: 1.5–2 7mes the load kVA.
• Efficiency:
• ≥ 95% for distribu7on transformers
• ≥ 98% for power transformers
• Voltage Regula7on:
• Maintain ≤ 4%.
• Insula7on Level:
• 600V/1000V for LT
• 6.6kV/11kV for HT

6. UPS Selec7on

• UPS Capacity:
• Rated power: 1.5–2 7mes the load kVA/kW.
• Efficiency:
• Maintain ≥ 95%.
• Power Factor:
• Maintain ≥ 0.8.
• Backup Time:
• Design for 15–60 minutes based on applica7on requirements.

7. Inverter Selec7on

• Inverter Capacity:
• Rated power: 1.5–2 7mes the load kW.
• Efficiency:
• Maintain ≥ 95%.
• Power Factor:
• Maintain ≥ 0.8.
• Frequency:
• 50/60 Hz as per regional standards.

8. Other Equipment Selec7on

• Circuit Breakers (CB):


• Rated current: 1.5–2 7mes the full load current.
• Contactors:
• Rated current: 1.5–2 7mes the full load current.
• Relays:
• Rated current: 1–2 7mes the full load current.
• Fuses:
• Rated current: 1.5–2 7mes the full load current.

9. General Guidelines

• Dera7ng:
• Consider a reduc7on of:
• 20–30% for temperature effects
• 10–20% for al7tude effects
• Overloading Tolerance:
• Motors: Allow 10–20% overloading.
• Transformers: Allow 5–10% overloading.
• Efficiency:
• Priori7ze high-efficiency equipment for energy conserva7on.
• Redundancy:
• For cri7cal systems, design with N+1 redundancy.

This structured approach ensures op7mal performance, reliability, and safety for electrical systems.

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