STRUCTURE OF ATOM

1. Xe Explain the discovery and properties of cathode

and anode rays.
2. Who discovered electron, proton and neutron and
how? Also compare the charge and mass on these
subatomic particles.
3. What was the cause of the failure of Thomson’s
model of atom?
4. Explain the observations and conclusions of
Rutherford’s scattering experiment.
5. Define atomic number and mass number and give
relation between them.
6. Explain isotopes, isobars, isotones and
isoelectronics with example.
7. Write the main postulates of Maxwell’s
electromagnetic wave theory.
8. Define wavelength, frequency, velocity, Amplitude, Wave
number and time period of a wave. Also give relation
between them.
9. What is electromagnetic spectrum? Write all the
electromagnetic radiations in sequence of their
wavelengths.
10. Calculate the frequency, wavelength, and wave
number of an electromagnetic wave having a time period
of 2ns.
11. What are Black body radiations? Why did e.m wave
theory failed to explain it?
12. What is photoelectric effect? On what factors the
number and velocity of photoelectrons depend.
13. Define threshold frequency.
14. Write the main postulates of Planck’s quantum
theory.
15. A 100W bulb emits monochromatic light of
wavelength 400nm. Calculate the number of photons
emitted per second by the bulb.
16. When electromagnetic radiations of 300nm falls on
the surface of sodium, electrons are emitted with a kinetic
energy of 1.68 X 105 j/mol. What is the work function of
Sodium?
17. Define spectrum and spectroscopy. Differentiate
between emission and absorption spectrum.
18. Why line spectrum of elements is considered as the
finger prints of the elements?
19. The wavelength of the first line of Balmer series is
656nm. Calculate the wavelength of second and limiting
line in Balmer series.
20. Calculate the wavelength of the spectral line in the
spectrum of Li2+ ion when transition takes place between
two levels whose sum is 4 and difference is 2.
21. Explain the drawbacks of Rutherford model of atom.
22. Explain the hydrogen spectrum in detail.
23. Write the main postulates of Bohr’s atomic model.
Write the expression for energy of electron, radius of
electron and velocity of electron in nth orbit.
24. Why electron is considered to have negative energy?
25. What do you mean by quantization of angular
momentum?
26. Why spectrum of hydrogen does consists of a large
number of lines although it contains only one electron.
27. Write down the draw backs of Bohr’s atomic model.
Explain Zeeman Effect and Stark effect.
28. Calculate the energy associated with the first orbit of
He+. What is the radius of this orbit?
29. Calculate the velocity of electron in the first Bohr
orbit of hydrogen atom. Given that Bohr radius = 0.529Å.
30. To which orbit the electron in the hydrogen atom will
be excited on absorbing 12.1 eV of energy?
31. Derive equation for the de Broglie wave length. Also
write the equation in terms of kinetic energy of particle
and potential applied to accelerate it.
32. Differentiate between a particle and a wave.
33. Differentiate between electromagnetic waves and
matter waves.
34. Describe the experimental verification of dual nature
of matter.
35. Derive Bohr’s postulate of angular momentum from
de Broglie equation.
36. What is the physical significance of the de Broglie
wave length in daily life?
37. Calculate the wave length of the electron moving
with a velocity of 3.0 X 10-25 j.
38. The kinetic energy of su atomic particle is 5.85 X 10 -
25
j. Calculate the frequency of the particle wave.
39. Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of an electron
that is accelerated from rest through a potential difference
of 1kV.
40. State Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. Give its
physical significance in daily life.
41. Why electron cannot be present in the nucleus?
42. A golf ball has a mass of 40 g and speed of 45m/s. If
the speed can be measured within accuracy of 2%,
calculate the uncertainty in position.
43. Write the Schrodinger wave equation.
44. What do you mean by wave function? Define orbital
and electron cloud.
45. Differentiate between orbit and orbital.
46. Define quantum numbers. Explain the information of
different quantum numbers.
47. What are degenerate orbitals?
48. Write down the quantum numbers n, l, and m for the
following orbitals: 3dx2-y2, 4dz2, 3dxy , 4dXZ ,2pz , 3px .
49. State Pauli’s exclusion principle. Why is it called so?
50. What is the number of (a) subshells in nth shell (b)
orbitals in a subshell (c) maximum electrons in a subshell
(d) orbitals in nth shell (e) maximum electrons in nth shell
51. What is shape of s, p, and d orbitals?
52. What do you mean by node? What are the different
types of nodes? Give the formula to find the number of
nodes in an orbital.
53. Draw the shapes of 1s, 2s, 2p, 3p, 3d orbitals.
54. What is the screening effect? Arrange the various
orbitals on the basis of their decreasing screening effect.
55. Write the slatar’s rules of determining the
screening effect on an electron. Accordingly
determine the net effective nuclear charge on 6s
electron of platinum (78), 3d electron of zinc (30) ,
4f electron of gadolinium ( 64).
56. State Aufbau Principle. Arrange the various orbitals
as per their increasing order of energy.
57. State Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity. Why is it
called so?
58. Define electronic configuration. Write the
configuration of various elements and account for the
exception.
59. Why copper and chromium have exceptional
configuration?
60. Predict the position of elements in periodic table with
z = 56, 47, 57, 64, 83.
61. What is the difference between atomic mass and
mass number?
62. Calculate (a) the total number of electrons in one
mole of methane (b) total number and mass of neutrons in
7mg C-14
63. If the diameter of a carbon atom is 0.15nm,
calculate the number of atoms which can be placed
side by side in a straight line of length 20 cm.
64. In Rutherford’s experiment, if the alpha
particles are bombarded against thin foil of light
atoms like aluminium instead of gold what
difference would be observed?
65. An element with mass number 81 contains
31.7% more neutrons as compared to protons.
Assign the atomic symbol.
66. An ion with mass number 37 possesses one
unit negative charge. If the ion contains 11.1%
more neutrons than the electrons, find the symbol
of the ion.
67. Find the energy of photons having (a) frequency of 3
15
X 10 and (b) wave length 500nm
68. A 25 Watt bulb emits monochromatic yellow light of
wavelength of 0.57micrometer. Calculate the rate of
emission of quanta per second.
69. A photon of wave length 4 X 107 m strikes on metal
surface, the work function of metal being 2.13 eV.
Calculate (i) the energy of photon in eV (ii) the kinetic
energy of emission (iii) the velocity of photoelectron.
70. How much energy is required to ionise a hydrogen
atom if the electron occupies n = 5 orbit? Compare your
answer with the ionisation energy of hydrogen atom.
71. What is the maximum number of lines obtained when
excited electron of a h atom in n = 7 drops to n = 2.
72. Calculate the wave number for the longest
wavelength transition in the Blamer series of atomic
hydrogen.
73. Calculate the wavelength of an electron moving with
velocity of 2.05 X 107 m/s.
74. Calculate the wavelength of an electron of K.E 3.0 X
-25
10 J.
75. Calculate the wavelength of an electron accelerated
by applying a potential difference of 5 V.
76. What is the atomic number of the element with outer
most electronic representation by 3d6
77. How many electrons can have (a) n = 4, m = 1 (b) n
= 3, l = 0
78. Following results were observed when sodium metal
is irradiated with different wavelengths; calculate
threshold wave length and Planck’s constant.
Wave length ( nm) 500 450 400
Velocity (X 106 m/s) 2.55 4.35 5.20
79. The ejection of photoelectron from the silver metal
can be stopped by applying a voltage of 0.35 V when the
radiation of 256.7 nm is used. Calculate the work function
for silver metal.
80. Calculate the wavelength for the emission transition
if it starts from the orbit having radius 1.3225 nm and
ends at 211.6 pm. Name the series to which this transition
belongs and region of the spectrum.
81. If the position of the electron is measured within an
accuracy of ±0.002 nm. Calculate the uncertainty in the
momentum of the electron. Suppose the momentum of
the electron is h/(4π X 0.05) nm, is there any problem in
defining this value?
82. Prove that if the uncertainty in position of a moving
electron is equal to its de-broglie wavelength, then its
velocity is completely uncertain.
83. On the basis of Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle,
show that electrons cannot exist within the atomic nucleus
(radius of the nucleus = 10-15 m)
84. 2
85. The kinetic energy of an electron in the second Bohr
orbit of a hydrogen atom is (a) h2/ 4π2ma02 (b) h2/ 16π2ma02
(c) h2/32π2ma02 (d) h2/ 64π2ma02
86. Which of the following has zero electron density in xy
plane (a) dz2 (c) dx2 – y2 (c) pz (d) dxz
87. The correct set of four quantum numbers for the
valence electron of rubidium (Z = 37) is
(a) 5, 1, 1, + ½ (b) 6, 0, 0, + ½ (c) 5, 0, 0, + ½ (d) 5, 1,
0, + ½
88. A gas absorbs a photon of 355 nm and emits at two
wavelengths. If one of the emission is at 680nm the other
is at: (a) 325nm (b) 743 nm (c) 518 nm (d) 1035nm
89. In an atom, the total number of electrons having
quantum number, n = 4, l = 1, s = -½
90. Not considering the electronic spin, the
degeneracy of the second excited state of H- is =