THE COPPERBELT UNIVERSITY
BS/BF/BSP/HRM/BEC 140: MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS
COURSE OUTLINE
OBJECTIVES
The course aims to provide an introduction to mathematical concepts and lay down a
foundation for applications of basic tools and techniques for various areas of business
such as economics, accountancy and the life and social sciences. It begins with non
calculations topics as Basic mathematics, equations, functions, matrix algebra,
mathematics of finance, etc. Then it progresses through both single-variable and multi-
variable calculus. An abundance and variety of applications appear throughout the
course. Students continually see how the mathematics they are learning can be applied to
practical business problems. These applications cover such diverse areas as business,
economics, sociology, finance, etc.
CONTENT
NON CALCULUS
1.0 BASIC MATHEMATICS
Set theory
2.0 EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES
Mathematical modeling, operations expressions, factorizing, fractions, linear
equations, quadratic equations. Linear inequalities, non-linear equations, absolute
value, applications of equations and inequations. Binomial Theorem.
3.0 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS
Definition of a function, special functions, combination of function, plotting
functions in rectangular co-ordinates, inverse functions, transformations.
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4.0 TYPES OF FUNCTIONS
4.1 The Straight Line and Applications
Demand, Supply, Cost, Revenue, Translations, Elasticity of Demand, Supply and
Income Budgeters and Cost Constraints.
4.2 Simultaneous Equations
Solving simultaneous linear and non-linear equations, equilibrium and break-
even, consumer and producer surplus. The national income model and the ISLM
model, Linear programming, (LP), formulating the problem, graphical solutions
to (LP), graphical sensitivity analysis.
4.3 Non-Linear Functions and Applications
Quadratic, cubic and other polynomial function, exponential function, logarithmic
functions, hyperbolic functions.
5.0 MATRIX ALGEBRA
Definition, matrices as stores of data, organizing and handling business data,
matrix addition, subtraction, scolar multiplication, matrix multiplication, method
of reduction, inverse, determinant, Cramer’s rule, inverse using the adjoint, input-
output analysis, markov-chains transition matrices, probability matrices and how
they apply to problems such as market shares of goods and graph theory.
6.0 MATHEMATIC OF FINANCE
Simple Interest and Simple Discount, Compound Interest and Compound
Discount, Sequences, Arithmetic and Geometric Progressions, Simple Annuities,
General and Other Annuities, Amortization Method and Sinking Fund, Bonds,
Capital Budgeting and Depreciation, Contingent Payments, Life Annuities and
Life Insurance.
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7.0 CALCULUS
7.1 Limits and Continuity
Limits, continuity of a function of one variable, economic applications of
continuous function, intermediate value theorem.
7.2 Differentiation
The derivative, rules for differentiation, the derivative as a rate of change,
differentiability and continuity, product and quotient rules, the chain rule and
power rule, derivative of logarithmic functions, derivatives of exponential
functions, implicit differentiation, logarithmic differentiation, higher-order
derivatives.
7.3 Curve Sketching
Relating extreme, absolute extreme on a closed interval, concavity, the second
derivative test.
7.4 Differentiation and Applications
Slope of a curve, marginal function, average functions, optimization of functions
in one variable, elasticity and the derivative, etc.
7.5 Multi-Variable Calculus
Functions of several variables, partial derivative, implicit partial differentiation,
higher-order partial derivative, chain rule, Lagrange’s multiplier.
7.6 Integration and Application
The indefinite integral, integration with initial, conditions, techniques of
integration, the definite integral, the fundamental theories of integral calculus,
areas, area between two curves, the consumer’s surplus (CS) and producer’s
surplus, integration by parts, remainder and factor there, partial fraction
decomposition, integration by partial fractions, average value of a function,
approximate integration, trapezium and Simpson rules.
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GRADING
The course grade will be determined approximately as follows: -
Continuous Assessment 30%
Final Examination 70%
RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOKS
1. Introductory Mathematical Analysis for Business, Economics, and the Life and
Social Sciences, Ernest F Haeussler, Jr., Richard S Paul.
2. Mathematics for Economics and Finance, Methods and Modeling, Martin
Anthony and Norman Biggs.
3. Essential Mathematics for Economics and Business, Teresa Bradey and Paul
Patton.
4. Calculus for Business and Economics, Tailoka F P.
5. Mathematical Analysis for Business, Economics, and the Life and Social
Sciences, Jagdish C Arya and Robin W Lardner.
6. Essential Mathematics for Economics, 2nd Edition, J Black and J F Bradley.
7. Mathematical Analysis: Algebra, Trigonometry and calculus; Chaamwe
Nchimunya, Elizabeth Boby Samuel, Tailoka Frank Patson
Note that page 3, of the School handbook, the Copperbelt University, School of Business
item #3, page 23. I quote “The lecturer responsible for a course may bar a student from
sitting final examinations for failure to meet course work requirements including poor
performance, non submission of Continuous Assessments or poor attendance record.”
You must score 50% or more to sit for the final examination. You will write three end of
term tests which will form your continuous assessment.
