ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
Name of Learner: Grade:
Section: Date:
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
Nature, Levels and Types of Planning
Background Information for Learners
Planning is the most basic of all managerial functions. It is the process by which
managers establish goals and define the methods by which these goals are to be
attained. It requires decision making, which is choosing among alternative future
courses of action. It may also be treated as a process of thinking before doing.
Management has to plan by looking ahead into the future, by estimating
and evaluating the future behavior of the relevant environment and by
determining the enterprise's own desired role.
Plans have two (2) basic components: goals and action statements.
Goals represent an end state – the targets and results that managers
hope to achieve. Action statements represent the means by which an
organization goes ahead to attain its goals.
The nature of planning can be understood by examining its four (4) major aspects:
Every plan and all its support should contribute to the achievement of the
organization’s purpose and objectives through willing and purposeful co-
operation.
Planning comes first before execution of all other managerial functions as it
involves establishing the objectives necessary for all group efforts.
Planning is a unique and universal function of all managers.
Plans are efficient if they achieve their objective at a reasonable cost, when such
a cost is measured not only in terms of time, money, or production, but also in
terms of satisfaction of the individual or group.
TYPES OF PLANS
1. Strategic Plan – This is a high-level overview of the entire business, its vision,
objectives, and value. This plan is the foundational basis of the organization and will
dictate decisions in the long- term. The scope of the plan can be two (2), three (3), five
(5), or even 10 years. The strategic plan must be forward-looking, robust but flexible,
with a keen focus on accommodating future growth. The components of a strategic plan
are:
Vision – Where does the organization want to be five years from now? How does
it want to influence the world?
Mission – The mission statement is a more realistic overview of the company’s aim and
ambitions. Why does the company exist? What does it aim to achieve through its
existence?
Values –These values will guide managers and influence the kind of employees you hire.
Example:
VISION To refresh the world.
To inspire moments of optimism and happiness. To
create value and make a difference.
MISSION Maximize long-term return to shareowners while being
mindful of our overall responsibilities.
Be a responsible citizen that makes a difference by helping
build and support sustainable communities.
Bring to the world a portfolio of quality beverage brands
that anticipate and satisfy people's desires and needs.
VALUES Leadership: The courage to shape a better future
UPHOLD Collaboration: Leverage collective genius
Integrity: Be real
Accountability: If it is to be, it's up to me
Passion: Committed in heart and mind
Diversity: As inclusive as our brands
Quality: What we do, we do well
2. Tactical Plan – A tactical plan answers "how do we achieve our strategic plan?"
It breaks down the broader mission statements into smaller, actionable chunks.
Creating tactical plans is usually handled by mid-level managers.
There are some components shared by most tactical plans:
Specific Goals with Fixed Deadlines
The tactical plan will break down the broad ambition into smaller, actionable
goals. The goal should be highly specific and have fixed deadlines.
Budgets
This should include the budget for hiring personnel, marketing, sourcing,
manufacturing, and running the day-to-day operations of the company.
Resources
The tactical plan should list all the resources you can gather to achieve the
organization’s aims. This should include human resources, IP, cash resources,
etc.
Marketing, Funding, etc.
Finally, the tactical plan should list the organization’s immediate marketing,
sourcing, funding, manufacturing, retailing, and PR strategy.
Example:
1. Provide training for managers and
supervisors. Deadline: July-August, 2020
Specific goals with
deadline 2. Conduct job fairs at local
schools. Deadline: April-
June, 2021
Budget (estimated amount) 3. ₱150,000.00
Marketing and funding 4. Promote through Social Media and
tarpaulins. Online Fundraising, T-shirt
fundraising, Promos.
3. Operational Plan – This plan describes the day-to-day running of the company. The
operational plan is created to achieve the tactical goals within a realistic timeframe and
the responsibility of low-level managers and supervisors. This plan is highly specific
with an emphasis on short-term objectives.
Examples of operational goals:
“Process 150 sales applications each week”, “Publish 20 books this quarter”,
“Increase sales to 150 units/day” “Hire 50 new employees”
Operational plans can be either single use, or ongoing, as described below:
Single Use Plans – These plans are created for events/activities with a single
occurrence. This can be a one-time sales program, a marketing campaign, a
recruitment drive, etc. Single use plans tend to be highly specific.
Ongoing Plans – These plans can be used in multiple settings on an ongoing
basis. Ongoing plans can be of different types, such as:
Policy – A policy is a general document that dictates how managers should
approach a problem. It influences decision making at the micro level. Specific
plans on hiring employees, terminating contractors, etc. are examples of policies.
Example: “All servers and crews must be at least 18 years old.” “Zero-tolerance”
for harassment.” “Observe proper dress code.”
Rules – Rules are specific regulations according to which an organization
functions. The rules are meant to be hard coded and should be enforced
stringently.
Example: “No smoking within premises”, or “Employees must report by 9 a.m.”
Procedure – A procedure describes a step-by-step process to accomplish a
particular objective.
Example: Detailed guidelines on hiring employees (screening, interview,
assessment, background check, medical, decision)
LEARNING COMPETENCY
Discuss the nature and levels of planning and types of plans. (ABM_AOM11-Ie-g-10-11)
ACTIVITY 1
DIRECTIONS: Identify the word being asked in each item, afterwards, locate the word from
the grid below by using straight lines. Avoid erasures. Good luck and enjoy learning!
1. A_ _ E_N_TI_E – one of 9. O_ _E_TI_ _ – is something
the courses of action that can be you are trying to achieve.
chosen. 10. _ _ G_ _I_ATI_ _ – a collection
2. EF_E_ _IV_ – successful in of people working together for a
achieving a desired or intended common purpose.
result. 11. _ _A_N_ _G – the process of
3. _FF_CI_ _T – achieving deciding how to do something
objectives at a reasonable cost. before you start to do it.
4. F_U_ _AT_ _N – an underlying 12. _TR_N_T_ – qualities and
basis. abilities that people have
5. _UN_ _I_N – the purpose of which are an advantage to
a person or thing in a plan. them.
6. _U_UR_ – events that 13. T_ _G_T – direct toward a
will likely to happen in time specific object.
to come. 14. _N_V_R_A_ – applicable in all
7. G_ _ _ – an aim, desired result. cases.
8. _AN_GE_ – an individual 15. W_A_N_S_ – an
who assumes responsibility inadequate or defective
for the work of his team. quality.
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DIRECTIONS: Arrange the following sentences in the boxes below following the steps
in the planning process.
Write the appropriate sentence in each box. Anticipate future events and identify
the things that may help or hinder progress toward your goals.
Define your goals or by identifying desired outcomes in very specific ways.
Determine where you stand in relation to set goals; know your strengths and
weaknesses.
Implement the plan and evaluate results; take corrective action and revised plans
needed.
Analyze and choose among action alternatives; list and carefully evaluate possible
actions and choose the alternative most likely to accomplish goals.
1 2
3
4 5
Note: Please Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times. 64
ACTIVITY 3
DIRECTIONS: Determine the plan of your school for the next five years by
interviewing any personnel from the Administrative department (through online or
call/text in observance of the proper health protocol) then answer the activity below.
Avoid erasures.
I. STRATEGIC PLAN
Directions: Write down the vision, mission, and values to be upheld by your
school for the next five (5) years.
Vision
Mission
Values
Uphold (Core
Values)
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I. TACTICAL PLAN
Directions: Based on the answers on strategic plan, write down the specific goals with
deadlines, budgets, resources, marketing, and funding of your school for the next five (5)
years. Answer briefly.
Specific goals
with deadline
Budget (estimated
amount)
Resources
Marketing and funding
II. OPERATIONAL PLAN
Directions: Write down the policies, rules, and procedures of your school for the next
five (5) years.
Policies
Rules
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Procedures
ACTIVITY 4
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. How would you describe strategic, tactical and operational plans?
2. What is the importance of each plan in an organization?
RUBRICS FOR SCORING ACTIVITY 3:
CRITERIA SCORE
Orderliness
5 4 3 2 1
The procedure followed carefully.
Accuracy
5 4 3 2 1
The information in the chart are CORRECT.
Neatness 5 4 3 2 1
The output is neat and legible.
Creativeness 5 4 3 2 1
The output is presentable and has an impact to the evaluator.
Originality and Precision
The content of the output is correct and it was not copied from 5 4 3 2 1
other outputs.
Note: Please Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times. 67
REFLECTION:
The things I have learned…
The things I want to learn more about…
REFERENCES FOR LEARNERS:
1. Organization and Management; Cabrera, Helena Ma F, et al.Vibal Group, Inc.
2. https://businessmgtblog.wordpress.com/2017/08/13/242/
3. http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/code/BuildWordSearch.asp
4. https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/principles-of- management/organizational-
planning
5. https://www.tutor2u.net/business/reference/organisation-departments-in-a-business
6. https://study.com/academy/lesson/types-of-planning-strategic-tactical- operational-
contingency-planning.html
7. https://digitalambition.co/marketing-activities/
8. https://worksheets.theteacherscorner.net/make-your-own/crossword/
9. https://onstrategyhq.com/wp-content/uploads/AcmeCorporation.fullstrategicplan
10. Hanks, Gerald. (2016) Differentiation and Integration in Organization Development;
http://smallbusiness.chron.com/differentiation-integration- organization-development-
70838.html
11. http://secteam.com/2017/08/01/forecasting-planning-tool-common-issues- avoid
12. https://www.slideshare.net/bryanarreo/depeds-new-vision-mission-and- core-values
13. www.dictionary.com
14. https://www.restobiz.ca/five-policies-you-need-to-enforce-with-your- restaurant-
employees
15. https://www.coca-colacompany.com/company/purpose-and-vision
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ANSWER KEY:
ACTIVITY 1:
1. ALTERNATIVE
2. EFFECTIVE
3. EFFICIENT
4. FOUNDATION
5. FUNCTION
6. FUTURE
7. GOAL
8. MANAGER
9. OBJECTIVE
10. ORGANIZATION
11. PLANNING
12. STRENGTH
13. TARGET
14. UNIVERSAL
15. WEAKNESS
Scoring: 1 point for the correct term and 1 point for the correct location on the grid.
ACTIVITY 2:
1. Define your goals or by identifying desired outcomes in very specific ways
2. Determine where you stand in relation to set goals; know your strengths and weaknesses.
3. Anticipate future events and identify the things that may help or hinder progress toward your
goals.
4. Implement the plan and evaluate results; take corrective action and revised plans needed.
5. Analyze and choose among action alternatives; list and carefully evaluate possible actions
and choose the alternative most likely to accomplish goals.
ACTIVITY 3. ANSWERS
MAY VARY ACTIVITY 4.
ANSWERS MAY VARY
Note: Please Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times. 69
Note: Please Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times. 70
