Modern

Approach to

~ Contents ~

1 Series 2

2 Missing Value in Figure 14

3 Analogy 23

4 Coding Decoding 31

5 Odd One Out 44

6 Blood Relations 49

7 Directions 62

8 Ranking 72

9 Cubes & Dice 85

10 Logical Venn Diagram 99

11 Syllogisms 105

12 Mathematical Operations 119

13 Counting in Figure 132

14 Logical Reasoning 145

15 Non-Verbal Reasoning 172

Modern
Approach to
 Modern Approach to Reasoning
2

Series Modern
SERIES

01
Approach to
Series is a sequential order of letters, numbers or both  If still there is no inference then try the square
arranged in such a way that each term in the series is series and if the difference is too high it can be a
obtained according to some specific rules. These rules cube series.
can be based on mathematical operations, place of  Last but not the least, if the series is following a
for Bank / SSC / RRB / CET and other Exams
letters in alphabetical order etc. vague pattern, then most likely it would be a
mixed series and test out the series with alternate
Number Series
In number series, basically there are two types of numbers.
questions. Example 1: What is the next number in the series
(a) Missing Term(s) (shown by a blank or a questions given:
mark) 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 17, ?
(b) Wrong Term (all the terms are present) a) 20 b) 23 c) 22 d) 18
Now, the set of given numbers in a series can be Solution: (b)
related with each other in many ways. The In the series given the difference between the first two
relationship in the numbers may be based on: terms of the series is 1; the difference between the
Consecutive Even / Odd numbers, Consecutive Prime second and the third term of the series is 2; the
numbers, Square / Cubes of numbers, Square / Cubes difference between the third and the forth term is 3
of numbers with some variations of Addition / and so on. Basically the difference between any pair
Subtraction of some numbers, of consecutive terms is one more than the difference
Sum/Product/Difference of proceeding numbers, between the first number of this pair and the number
Addition / Subtraction / Multiplication / Division by immediately preceding this number. As, the difference
some number. between 12 and 17 is 5, the next difference should be
6. Hence, the number after 17 is 17 + 6 = 23.
Approach for solving Number Series
Example 2: What is the next number in the series
The best way of approaching the number series given:
questions is to first observe the difference between the 1, 3, 4, 5, 9, 7, 16, ?
consecutive terms. a) 25 b) 9 c) 20 d) 22
 If the difference is constant, then it must be a Solution: (b)
constant difference series. The given series comprises of two series at the odd
 If the difference is increasing or decreasing by a and even places as:
constant value, then it should be a series with a Series I: 1, 4, 9, 16, ….. (Squares of consecutive
constant increasing or decreasing value. numbers)
 If the series is not having a constant increasing or Series II: 3, 5, 7, ….. (Consecutive Odd numbers)
decreasing difference, then it may be a product The missing number is the next number of the Series
 series in which every term of the series gets (II) which is 9. So, the answer is (b).
multiplied or divided by some value. Example 3: What is the missing number in the series
given below?
0, 6, 24, 60, ?, 210
 Modern Approach to Reasoning
3

a) 012 b) 210 c) 201 d) 120 B 2 O 15

Solution: (d)
The series is 13 – 1 = 0, 23 – 2 = 6, 33 – 3 = 24, etc. C 3 P 16
The next number is 53 – 5 = 120. So, the answer is (d).
D 4 Q 17
Example 4: What is the missing number in the series
given below? E 5 R 18
99, 80, 63, ?, 35
F 6 S 19
a) 48 b) 84 c) 46 d) 64
Solution: (a) G 7 T 20
The series is 102 – 1, 92 – 1, 82 – 1, etc. The next
number is 72 – 1 = 48. So, the answer is (a). H 8 U 21
Example 5: What is the wrong number in the series I 9 V 22
given below?
1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 15, 19 J 10 W 23
a) 15 b) 7 c) 10 d) 4 K 11 X 24
Solution: (a)
In the series given, every number is 3 more than the L 12 Y 25
previous number like 1 + 3 = 4; 4 + 3 = 7; 7 + 3 = 10
M 13 Z 26
so on. So, there should be 16 in place of 15 as 13 + 3
= 16. So, the answer is (a). The Word EJOTY is very helpful in finding the
Letter Series position of the alphabet as:
The type of questions in the letter series is same as E J O T Y
that of the types in the number series where in the first
5 10 15 20 25
type we have to find the missing letter in the given
series and in the second type of questions we have to For Example, if we want to find the position of the
find the wrong letter in the given series. alphabet ‘S’, then as we know that ‘T’ is 20, so ‘S’ is
In letter series, the letters follow a definite order and 20 – 1 = 19. Also, we can find the position of an
the series can have constant, increasing or decreasing alphabet from the end by subtracting its value from
difference. They can be in natural order, in reverse 27. For Example, the position of D from the end is 27
order or combination of both. The letters may be – 4 = 23.
consecutive, skipped or repeated. The given series The pattern given below is very useful to solve many
may be single or may even comprise of two different types of questions in Alphabet Series, when we write
series merged at alternate positions. The position of the last 13 alphabets in front of the first 13 alphabets
the letter in the English Alphabet is considered to be of the English:
the value of the alphabet in questions on letter series. A B C D E F G H I J K L M
Also, when we are counting from A to Z, we again
start with A, i.e. we treat the letters as being cyclic in Z Y X W V U T S R Q P O N
nature. While attempting the letter series one should Example 6: What is the next letter in the series given:
know the value of each of the alphabet as: D, G, J, M, ?
Alphabet in natural series are: a) P b) Q c) R d) S
A 1 N 14 Solution: (a)
 Modern Approach to Reasoning
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The logic followed is: D + 3 = G ; G + 3 = J ; J + 3 = Example 9: What should come in the place of the
M; question mark in the series:
M + 3 = P. So, the answer is (a). 2E3, 3H5, 5L7, 7R11, 11X13, ?
Example 7: What is the next letter in the series given: a) 13B15 b) 13F17
A, Z, B, Y, C, ? c) 13D16 d) 13D17
a) D b) U c) X d) E Solution: (d)
Solution: (c) In the given series, the two numbers given in each of
There are two alternate series in the given series the term are two consecutive prime numbers, so the
Series 1 : A, B, C (Consecutive letters in natural required term should contain 13 and 17. The value of
series) the alphabet in each of the term is equal to the sum of
Series 2 : Z, Y, X (Consecutive letters in reverse the two numbers. For Example, E is 2 + 3 and H is 3 +
order) 5. So, 13 + 17 = 30 which is equal to D (as after Z
So, the next alphabet in the series is X. So, the answer again the series starts form (A). So, the answer is (d).
is (c). Example 10: What should come in place of question
Example 8: Which letter in the given series is wrong? mark?
J, M, P, T, V, Y DX, EY, FV, ?, HT, IU
a) J b) T c) P d) Y a) HV b) IX c) GW d) BZ
Solution: (b) Solution: (c)
The letters in the series are moved three steps forward First, third and fifth terms follow a sequence of +2 and
i.e. J + 3 = M, then M + 3 = P, P + 3 is S, So the letter –2 and second, fourth and sixth terms also follow a
‘S’ should be there in place of ‘T’. So, the answer is sequence of +2 and –2. So, the answer is (c).
(b). Pattern Series
Alphanumeric Series In these types of questions, the alphabets are used to
Alphanumeric series comprises of the combination of make a set of letters which are repeated. We have to
letters and numbers. In this type of series, the letters find the set of letters which will fit in the blanks in the
and the numbers may have a common given series in such a manner that one section of the
sequence/pattern or may have a separate series is further repeated in the same manner. It is
sequence/pattern. Let’s look at the following examples always better to proceed from the choices given by
to understand questions on Alphanumeric Series. inserting the letters given in the choices so as to obtain
Example 9: What should come in the place of the a sequence of a particular pattern.
question mark in the following series? Example 11: Which of the following groups of letters
3J, 6M, 12L, ?, 48N will complete the given series:
a) 24O b) 24K c) 24M d) 22O ba_b_aab_a _b
Solution: (a) a) abba b) baab c) abab d) baba
In the series given every number is the double of the Solution: (a)
previous number and the sequence of the letters is +3, The given series is of 12 alphabets that can be divided
–1 (3 steps forward and then one step backwards) into groups of 4 each, then ‘aab’ in the series indicates
which is repeated. So, the number in the missing term that ‘b’ in this series is preceded by two ‘a’, so the
is 24(double of 12) and the alphabet in the missing first and the last blank is filled by ‘a’. Now, the first
term should be 3 steps forward of L i.e. O. So, the set is formed i.e. ‘baab’ and this set will be repeated,
missing value is ‘24O’. So, the answer is (a). so the second and the third will be filled by ‘b’. So,
the answer is (a).
 Modern Approach to Reasoning
5

Exercise

Directions for questions 1 to 46: In the following 13. 37, 47, 58, ?, 79, 95
questions select the number from the given (A) 71 (B) 69
options for completing the given series. (C) 68 (D) 67
1. 2, 3, 6, 18, 108, ? 14. 98, 72, 14, ?
(A)1944 (B) 1658 (A) 8 (B) 6
(C) 648 (D) 1008 (C) 4 (D) 2
2. 1, 4, 3, 6, 5, 8, 7, 10, 9, ? 15. 69, 55, 26, 13, ?
(A) 14 (B) 10 (A) 3 (B) 6.5
(C) 12 (D) 11 (C) 13 (D) 4
3. 1, 8, 27, 64, 125, ? 16. 10, 26, 50, 82, 122, ?
(A)172 (B) 176 (A) 160 (B) 170
(C) 216 (D) 189 (C) 180 (D) 150
4. 80, 64, 48, 32, 16, ? 17. 4, 32, 288, ?, 31680
(A) 4 (B) 0 (A) 2880 (B) 25600
(C) 8 (D) 1 (C) 7420 (D) 10,000
5. 3, 8, 13, 24, 41, ? 18. 6, 9, 18, 45, 126, 369, ?
(A) 65 (B) 75 (A) 1059 (B) 1080
(C) 70 (D) 80 (C) 1098 (D) 1089
6. 0, 5, 22, 57, ?, 205 19. 4, 10, 22, 46, ?
(A) 198 (B) 116 (A) 56 (B) 66
(C) 172 (D) 92 (C) 76 (D) 94
7. 19200, 1920, 240, 40, 10, ? 20. 37, 29, ? , 19, 17
(A) 1 (B) 0 (A) 21 (B) 17
(C) 5 (D) 10 (C) 19 (D) 23
8. 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, ? 21. 56, 69, 86, 105, ?
(A) 11 (B) 13 (A) 126 (B) 128
(C) 15 (D) 9 (C) 130 (D) 132
9. 1890, 1890, 630, 126, 18, ? 22. 11, 17, 22, ?, 33, 39
(A) 6 (B) 9 (A) 30 (B) 27
(C) 2 (D) 3 (C) 26 (D) 28
10. 4, 2, 8, 16, 128, ? 23. 16, 24, 51, 115, ?, 456
(A) 562 (B) 1018 (A) 1140 (B) 340
(C) 2024 (D) 2048 (C) 240 (D) 250
11. 2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 72, ? 24 14, 30, 66, 130, 230, ?
(A) 132 (B) 102 (A) 374 (B) 354
(C) 89 (D) 98 (C) 334 (D) 274
12. 7, 21, 35, 49, 63, ? 25. 6, 13, 28, 59, ?, 249
(A) 70 (B) 77 (A) 132 (B) 112
(C) 81 (D) 108 (C) 122 (D) 142
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26. 7, 7, 14, 42, 168, ? 40. 11, 45, 182, 731, ?

(A) 840 (B) 740 (A) 2920 (B) 2924
(C) 820 (D) 880 (C) 2927 (D) 2928
27 14, 25, 47, ?, 124, 179 41. 3, 5, 9, 15, 25, 41, 67, ?
(A) 70 (B) 80 (A) 108 (B) 109
(C) 68 (D) 93 (C) 110 (D) 111
28. 46, 62, 84, 112, ?, 86 42. 1, 6, 15, ?, 45, 66, 91
(A) 156 (B) 146 (A) 25 (B) 26
(C) 138 (D) 166 (C) 27 (D) 28
29. 36, 52, 84, ?, 276, 532 43. 1, 2, 5, 12, 27, 58, 121, ?
(A) 146 (B) 152 (A) 246 (B) 247
(C) 148 (D) 158 (C) 248 (D) 249
30 39, 79, 238, 477, 1432, ? 44. 1, 1, 2, 6, 24, ?, 720
(A) 2965 (B) 3025 (A) 100 (B) 104
(C) 2865 (D) 3145 (C) 108 (D) 120
31. 9, 16, 13, 22, 17, 28, ?, 34 45. 9, 27, 31, 155, 161, 1127, ?
(A) 23 (B) 31 (A) 316 (B) 1135
(C) 21 (D) 32 (C) 1288 (D) 2254
32. 14, 14, 21, 42, 105, ? 46. 3, 7, 23, 95, ?
(A) 305 (B) 315 (A) 62 (B) 128
(C) 415 (D) 355 (C) 479 (D) 565
33. 36, 56, ?, 176, 336
(A) 86 (B) 96 Directions for questions 47 to 60: In the given series
find the number which is wrong.
(C) 106 (D) 94
34. 41, 54, 85, 98, 129, ? 47. 5, 25, 120, 625, 3125, 15625
(A) 142 (B) 152 (A) 15625 (B) 625
(C) 146 (D) 156 (C) 120 (D) 5
35. 11, 110, 990, 7920, ? 48. 4, 8, 11, 22, 18, 36, 24, 50
(A) 55480 (B) 55640 (A) 8 (B) 22
(C) 55440 (D) 44550 (C) 36 (D) 24
36. 16, 31, 61, 121, ? 49. 2, 4, 12, 24, 72, 142, 432
(A) 241 (B) 261 (A) 432 (B) 12
(C) 249 (D) 253 (C) 142 (D) 72
37. 46, 110, 121, 242, 484, ? 50. 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37
(A) 968 (B) 869 (A) 13 (B) 23
(C) 689 (D) 589 (C) 15 (D) 31
38. 4532, 2264, 1130, 563, ? 51. 5, 6, 11, 22, 42, 88, 176
(A) 281.5 (B) 279.5 (A) 5 (B) 42
(C) 284 (D) 282 (C) 176 (D) 11
39. 16, 17, 25, 34, 98, ? 52. 0, 1, 2, 2, 4, 4, 6, 8, 8, 10
(A) 133 (B) 123 (A) 6 (B) 0
(C) 143 (D) 135 (C) 1 (D) 10
 Modern Approach to Reasoning
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53. 4, 5, 9, 14, 22, 37, 60 5. D, K, P, ?, B

(A) 5 (B) 9 (A) R (B) T
(C) 14 (D) 22 (C) W (D) Z
54. 215, 28, 63, 126, 7, 343 6. A, L, W, B, M, X, C, N, ?
(A) 215 (B) 28 (A) V (B) W
(C) 126 (D) 343 (C) Y (D) X
55. 1, 5, 5, 9, 7, 11, 11, 15, 12, 17 7. D, H, M, S, ?
(A) 11 (B) 15 (A) W (B) X
(C) 17 (D) 12 (C) Y (D) Z
56. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13, 16, 22 8. KNQ, TWZ, CFI ?
(A) 22 (B) 8 (A) KOR (B) LOR
(C) 13 (D) 4 (C) MNQ (D) JLM
57. 4, 10, 22, 46, 96, 190, 382 9. XYZ, UVW, ?, OPQ
(A) 4 (B) 10 (A) RST (B) STU
(C) 96 (D) 382 (C) QRS (D) TUV
58. 6, 15, 35, 77, 165, 221 10. IOU, JKL, PQR ?
(A) 35 (B) 77 (A) UVW (B) XYZ
(C) 165 (D) 221 (C) TUV (D) VWX
59. 1, 3, 10, 21, 64, 129, 356, 777 11. EJO, TYD, INS, XCH, ?
(A) 21 (B) 129 (A) MRW (B) NRV
(C) 10 (D) 356 (C) MRV (D) NRW
60. 5, 27, 61, 122, 213, 340, 509 12. DQCP, EPEN, FOGL, GNIJ, ?
(A) 27 (B) 61 (A) HNLG (B) HLJG
(C) 122 (D) 509 (C) HOMI (D) HMKH
13. DFST, FSTD, STDF, ?
Letter Series: (A) TSFD (B) FDTS
Directions for questions 1 to 24: In the following (C) TDFS (D) SFDT
questions select the letter/letters from the given 14. JMC, CLT, KND, ?, LOE, GPX
options for completing the given series. (A) ENV (B) DMX
1. Z, A, Y, B, X, C, W, D, V, E ? (C) EOU (D) DRX
(A) UD (B) UC 15. Z, Y, X, U, T, S, P, O, N, K, ?, ?
(C) TR (D) UF (A) H, G (B) H, I
2. BD, DF, GI, KM, ? (C) I, H (D) J, I
(A) PR (B) NR 16. Z, Q, U, L, ?
(C) PQ (D) QS (A) Q (B) O
3. M, N, L, O, K, P, J, Q, I, R, H, S, ? (C) N (D) P
(A) TG (B) GT 17. a, b, n, c, d, o, e, f, p, ?, ?, ?
(C) FU (D) RH (A) g, h, i (B) g, h, j
4. E, O, I, S, M, W, Q, A, ? (C) g, h, q (D) j, k, l
(A) UE (B) TD 18. a, b, b, d, c, f, d, h, e, ?, ?
(C) VF (D) SC (A) e, f (B) f, g
(C) f, i (D) j, f
 Modern Approach to Reasoning
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19. upi, ?, odp, mbq, iaw Directions for questions 1 to 15: Which of the
(A) rhj (B) shj following groups of letters will complete the
(C) sij (D) thk given series.
20. A13L, E22Q, I31V, M14A, ? 1. _acca_ccca_acccc_aaa
(A) Q23F (B) Q22E (A) ccaa (B) acca
(C) P24F (D) P21E (C) caac (D) caaa
21. 2B, 4C, 8E, 14H, ? 2. c_bbb_ _ abbbb_abbb_
(A) 20L (B) 22L (A) abccb (B) bacbb
(C) 21I (D) 16K (C) aabcb (D) abacb
22. 3F, 6G, 11I, 18L, ? 3. ac_cab_baca_aba_acac
(A) 27P (B) 21O (A) bcbb (B) aacb
(C) 27Q (D) 25N (C) babb (D) acbc
23. E5, K11, Q17, ? 4. abc_d_bc_d_b_dd
(A) X20 (B) Y24 (A) decdb (B) dadac
(C) V22 (D) W25 (C) cdabe (D) bacde
24. D2, I3, N6, S18, ? 5. aca_ac_ _a_ac
(A) V72 (B) W36 (A) babc (B) aaac
(C) Y90 (D) X108 (C) cacc (D) caca
6. ba_cb_b_bab_ ?
Directions for questions 25 to 30: In the given series (A) acbb (B) bcaa
find the letter/letters which is wrong. (C) cabb (D) bacc
25. A, E, H, O, U 7. a_bccb_ca_cca_baab_c
(A) U (B) O (A) accab (B) abcaa
(C) H (D) E (C) bacaa (D) ababc
26. C, H, M, S, W, B 8. c_baa_aca_cacab_acac_bca
(A) C (B) S (A) acbaa (B) cbaac
(C) B (D) W (C) bccab (D) bbcaa
27. Z, A, W, B, X, C 9. _bcc_ac_aabb_ab_cc
(A) D (B) C (A) bacab (B) abaca
(C) X (D) W (C) aabca (D) bcaca
28. AR, CT, FX, JF, PV 10. aa_bbb_ccaaab_bc_c
(A) CT (B) AR (A) abbc (B) acbc
(C) JF (D) PV (C) accb (D) cbac
29. LM, OS, RY, VE, XK 11. l_nnlm_nlmn_lmn_
(A) RY (B) VE (A) lmnn (B) nnml
(C) OS (D) LM (C) mlnm (D) mnnn
30. R20B, T26H, V36N, X44T, Z52Z 12. _yyx_xxyx_yxyx_y
(A) Z52Z (B) V36N (A) yxxy (B) xyxy
(C) T26H (D) R20B (C) yxyx (D) xyyx
13. _bcbc_caba_ _
Pattern Series (A) aabc (B) abac
(C) caab (D) baba
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14. _ _ aba_ _ ba_ab 15. ab_ _baa_ _ab_

(A) abbba (B) abbab (A) aaaaa (B) aabaa
(C) baabb (D) bbaba (C) aabab (D) baabb

Solution

1.(A) Each term in the series except the first two = 16 × 128 = 2048
terms, is the product of the preceding two 11.(D) The pattern is 12 × 2, 22 × 2, 32 × 2, .....
terms. So, the missing term So, the missing term = 72 × 2 = 98.
= 108 × 18 = 1944 12.(B) The pattern is 7 × 1, 7 × 3, 7 × 5, .....
2.(C) The given sequence is combination of two So, the missing term = 7 × 11 = 77.
series. 13.(A) The sum of digits of the number is added
Series I: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9,... to the number to obtain the next number.
Series II: 4, 6, 8, 10,... So, the missing term = 58 + 13 = 71.
So, the missing term = 12 14.(C) The number is the product of the digits of
3.(C) The sequence in the series is cube of the number preceding it. So, the missing
numbers. So, the missing term = 63 = 216. term = 1 × 4 = 4.
4.(B) The numbers in the series are decreasing 15.(D) The number is the sum of the product of
with the difference of 16 at each step. So, the digits of the number preceding it and
the missing term = 16 – 16 = 0. one. So, the missing term = (1 × 3) + 1
5.(C) Each term in the series except the first two =4
terms, is the sum of the preceding two 16.(B) The pattern is 32 + 1, 52 + 1, 72 + 1, .....
terms and natural number increasing by 1 So, the missing term is 132 + 1 = 170.
at each step. So, the missing term = 24 + 17.(A) The pattern is × 8, × 9, × 10, .....
41 + 5 = 70. So, the missing term = 288 × 10 = 2880.
6.(B) The Pattern is 13 – 1, 23 – 3, 33 – 5, 43 – 7, 18.(C) The pattern is +3, + 32, + 33, + 34, ....
...... . So, the missing term = 53 – 9 = 116. So, the missing term = 369 + 36 = 1098.
7.(C) The Pattern is ÷ 10, ÷ 8, ÷ 6, ÷ 4, ..... . So, 19.(D) The pattern is (× 2, + 2), (× 2, + 2),
the missing term = 10 ÷ 2 = 5 So, the missing term = 46 × 2 + 2 = 94.
8.(B) Each term in the series except the first 20.(D) The pattern is – 8, – 6, – 4, – 2, .....
two terms, is the sum of the preceding So, the missing term = 29 – 6 = 23.
two terms. So, the missing term = 5 + 8 = 21.(B) The difference is + 13, + 17, + 19, + 23.
13. So, the missing term is 105 + 23 = 128
9.(C) The pattern is ÷ 1, ÷ 3, ÷ 5, ÷ 7, ..... . So, 22.(D) The pattern is + 6, + 5, + 6, + 5. So,
the missing term missing term is 22 + 6 = 28
= 18 ÷ 9 = 2. 23.(C) The pattern is + 23, + 33, + 43, + 53... . So,
10.(D) Each term in the series except the first two the missing term is 115 + 53 = 240
terms, is the product of the preceding 24.(A) The pattern is + 42, + 62, + 82, + 102. So,
two terms. So, the missing term the missing term is 230 + 144 = 374
 Modern Approach to Reasoning
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25.(C) The pattern is ×2 + 1, ×2 + 2, ×2 + 3, ×2 + 43.(C) The pattern is (1 × 2) + 0, (2 × 2) + 1, (5 ×

4, ×2 + 5. So, the missing term is 122 2) + 2, ....
26.(A) The pattern is ×1, ×2, ×3, ×4, ×5. So, the So, the missing term = (121 × 2) + 6 =
missing term is 168 × 5 = 840 248.
27.(B) The pattern is + 11, + 22, + 33, + 44... . 44.(D) The pattern is × 1, × 2, × 3, × 4, ..... . So,
So, the missing term is 80 the missing term
28.(B) The pattern is + 16, + 22, + 28, + 34, + = 24 × 5 = 120
40.... 45.(B) The pattern is × 3, + 4, × 5, + 6, .... . So,
29.(C) The pattern is + 16, + 32, + 64, + 128, + the term = 1127 + 8
256... . = 1135
30.(C) The pattern is ×2 + 1, ×3 + 1, ×2 + 1, ×3 + 46.(C) The pattern is × 2 + 1, × 3 + 2, × 4 + 3, ....
1... . So, the missing term is 2865 . So, the missing term = 95 × 5 + 4 = 479.
31.(C) There are two series: 47.(C) The numbers in the series are multiplied
Series I: 16, 22, 28, 34 by 5 to get the next number. Therefore,
(following +6, +6, +6, ...) 125 in place of 120.
Series II: 9, 13, 17, 21 48.(D) The given series is a combination of 2
(following +4, +4, +4, ...) series:
32.(B) The pattern is ×1; ×1.5; ×2; ×2.5; ×3; So, (i) 4, 11, 18, 24 and in first series, there is
the missing term is 315 a common difference of +7 and (ii) 8, 22,
33.(B) The pattern is + 20, + 40, + 80, + 160 36, 40 common difference of +14.
34.(A) The pattern is + 13, + 31, + 13, + 31. So, Therefore, in first series 24 should be
missing term is 129 + 13 = 142 replaced with 25.
35.(C) The pattern is ×10, ×9, ×8, ×7. So, the 49.(C) The given series is combination of two
missing number is 7920 × 7 = 55440 series.
36.(A) The pattern is + 15, + 30, + 60, + 120. So, Series I: 2, 12, 72, 432, ...
the missing term is 121 + 120 = 241 (following × 6)
37.(A) The pattern is 46 + 64 ; 110 + 011 ; 121 + Series II: 4, 24, 144, ...
121 ; 242 + 242. So, the missing term is (following × 6)
484 + 484 = 968 Therefore, 144 in place of 142.
38.(B) The pattern is ÷ 2 – 2 ; ÷ 2 – 2 ; ÷ 2 –2... . 50.(C) The series comprises of prime numbers in
So, the missing number is (563 ÷ 2) – 2 = increasing order. Therefore, remove 15
279.5 from the series.
39.(B) The pattern is + 12, + 23, + 32, + 43... . So, 51.(B) The numbers in the series are the sum of
the missing term is 123 all the numbers preceding them.
40.(D) The pattern is ×4 + 1, ×4 + 2, ×4 + 3, ×4 Therefore, 44 in place of 42.
+ 4. 52.(D) The given series is combination of two
41.(B) The difference between the numbers in series.
this series is the sum of the two previous Series I: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, ...
difference except the first two terms. So, (following +2)
the missing term = 67 + 42 = 109. Series II: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, ...
42.(D) The pattern is + 5, + 9, + 13, + 17, ..... (following × 2)
So, the missing term = 15 + 13 = 28. Therefore, 16 in place of 10.
 Modern Approach to Reasoning
11

53.(D) Each term in the series is obtained by the Letter Series

sum of two preceding terms except first 1.(D) The sequence is combination of two
two terms. Therefore, 23 in place of 22. series.
54.(D) The given series is combination of two Series I: Z, Y, X, W, ...
series (follows –1 pattern)
Series I: 215, 63, 7, ... Series II: A, B, C, D ,...
(63 – 1, 43 – 1, 23 – 1, ....) (follows +1 pattern)
Series II: 28, 126, 344, ... So, missing term is UF.
(33 + 1, 53 + 1, 73 + 1, ....) 2.(A) The pattern for both the alphabets is +2, +
Therefore, 344 in place of 343. 3, +4, + 5, ... .
55.(D) The given series is combination of two 3.(B) The sequence is combination of two
series series.
Series I: 1, 5, 7, 11, 13, ... Series I: M, L, K, J, ...
(following + 4, + 2, ...) (follows –1 pattern)
Series II: 5, 9, 11, 15, ... Series II: N, O, P, Q, ...
(following + 4, + 2, ...) (follows +1 pattern)
Therefore, 13 in place of 12. So, missing term is GT.
56.(A) The given series is combination of two 4.(A) The sequence is combination of two
series. In each series the next number is series.
sum of preceding two terms. Series I: E, I, M, Q, ...
Series I: 2, 4, 6, 10, ... (follows +4 pattern)
Series II: 3, 5, 8, 13, ... Series II: O, S, W, A, ...
Therefore, 21 in place of 22 . (follows +4 pattern)
57.(C) The correct pattern is So, missing term is UE.
+6, +12, +24, +48, +96, .... 5.(C) The pattern is
Therefore, 94 in place of 96.
58.(C) Each term in the series is product of two
consecutive prime number. i.e. (2 × 3), (3
× 5), (5 × 7), .... So, missing term is W.
Therefore, 143 in place of 165. 6.(C) The sequence is combination of three
59.(D) The correct pattern is × 2 + 1, × 3 + 1, × 2 series.
+ 1, × 3 + 1, .... Series I: A, B, C, ...
Therefore, 388 in place of 356. Series II: L, M, N, ...
60.(A) The given series is a triangular pattern Series III: W, X, Y, ...
series So, missing term is Y.
5 27 61 122 213 340 509 7.(D) The pattern is
22 34 61 91 127 169
12 27 30 36 42
So, missing term is Z.
15 3 6 6
8.(B) The pattern is K, N, Q, T, W, ... (follows
Therefore, 24 in place of 27.
+3 pattern)
So, missing term is LOR.
9.(A) The sequence is combination of 3 series.
 Modern Approach to Reasoning
12

Series I: X, U, R, O, ... (follows –3) Series III: T, V, X, ... (follows +2)

Series II: Y, V, S, P, ... (follows –3) So, missing term is ENV.
Series III: Z, W, T, Q, ...(follows –3) 15.(D) The pattern is:
So, missing term is RST. –1, –1, –1, –3, –1, –1, –1, –3, ...
10.(D) The letter in the series are arranged in this So, missing term is J, I.
way 16.(D) The pattern is:

So, missing term is VWX. So, missing term is P.

11.(A) The sequence is combination of two 17.(C) The given sequence is combination of two
series. series.
Series I: EJO, INS Series I: A, B, C, D, E, F, ...
Series II: TYD, XCH Series II: N, O, P, ...
These two series internally follow this So, missing term is G, H, Q.
pattern 18.(D) The given sequence is combination of two
series
Series I: A, B, C, D, E, ... (follow +1)
Similarly, TYD is related to XCH Series II: B, D, F, H, ... (follow +2)
So, missing term is MRW. So, missing term is J, F.
12.(D) The sequence is combination of four 19.(B) The given sequence is combination of 3
series. series
Series I: D, E, F, G, ... (follows +1) Series I:
Series II: Q, P, O, N, ... (follows –1)
Series III: C, E, G, I, ... (follows +2)
Series IV: P, N, L, J, ... (follows –2)
So, missing term is HMKH. Series II:
13.(C) The first letter in each is shifted to the last
letter in next group. So, missing term is
TDFS.
14.(A) The sequence is combination of two series Series III:
Series I: JMC, KND, LOE
Series II: CLT, ?, GPX
These two series internally follow three
series respectively. So, missing term is SHJ.
The pattern for Series I is 20.(A) The pattern of left letter series is +4, + 4,
Series I: J, K, L, ... (follows +1) ...
Series II: M, N, O, ... (follows +1) The pattern of right letter series is +5, + 5,
Series III: C, D, E, ... (follows +1) ...
The pattern for Series II is The middle number is the sum of their
Series I: C, E, G, ... (follows +2) place value.
Series II: L, N, P, ... (follows +2) 21.(B) The pattern of number series is +2, +4,
+6, +8, ...
 Modern Approach to Reasoning
13

The pattern of letter series is II. R + 2 = T + 4 = X + 8 = F + 16 = V

So, the wrong term is PV.
29.(B) There are two patterns :
So, the missing term is 22L. I. L + 3 = O + 3 = R + 3 = U + 3 = X
22.(A) The pattern of number series is +3, +5, II. M + 6 = S + 6 = Y + 6 = E + 6 = K
+7, +9,... So, the wrong term is VE.
The pattern of letter series is: 30.(C) There are two patterns:
I. R + 2 = T + 2 = V + 2 = X + 2 = Z
II. B + 6 = H + 6 = N + 6 = T + 6 = Z
So, the missing term is 27P.
and the number obtained is the sum of the
23.(C) The series comprises of random letters
place values.
and number indicate the position of the
So, the wrong term is T26H.
letter in alphabet series. So, the missing
term is V22.
Pattern Series
24.(D) Each term in number series is product of
1.(D) The series is: c, a, cc, aa, ccc, aaa, cccc,
preceding two terms except the first two
aaaa.
terms
2.(A) The series is: cabbbb, cabbbb, cabbbb.
The pattern of letter series is D, I, N, S, ...
3.(B) The series is: acac, abab, acac, abab, acac.
(follows +5). So, the missing term is
4.(B) The series is: abcdd, abcdd, abcdd.
X108.
5.(C) The series is: ac, ac, ac, ac, ac, ac
25.(C) The series is made with vowels only.
6.(D) The series is: babc, babc, babc
Therefore, I in place of H.
7.(D) The series is: aabcc, bbcaa, ccabb, aabcc
26.(B) The correct pattern is C, H, M, R, W, B,
8.(A) The series is: cabaac, acabca, cabaac,
... (follow +5)
acabca
Therefore, R in place of S.
9.(A) The series is: bbccaa, ccaabb, aabbcc.
27.(D) The given sequence is combination of two
10.(B) The series is: aaa, bbb, ccc, aaa, bbb, ccc.
series.
11.(D) The series is: lmnn, lmnn, lmnn, lmnn.
Series I: A, B, C, ... (follows +1)
12.(D) The series is: xyyx, yxxy, xyyx, yxxy.
Series II: Z, Y, X, ... (follows –1)
13.(A) The series is: abc, bca, cab, abc.
Therefore, Y in place of W.
14.(B) The series is: ab, ab, ab, ab, ab, ab.
28.(D) There are two patterns:
15(B) The series is: aba, aba, aba, aba
I. A + 2 = C + 3 = F + 4 = J + 5 = O
 Modern Approach to Reasoning
14

Modern
Missing Value in Figure
Missing Value in Figure 02
Approach to
In these types of questions, numbers/alphabets are
inserted in a figure following a certain pattern/series. J C G
We have to identify the pattern and then find the P L D
missing value. for Bank / SSC / RRB / CET? and otherO Exams E
Example 1: Find the value which will come in the
place of ? in the figure below. a) S b) M c) X d) T
Solution: (d)
1st row: J = C + G ; 10 = 3 + 7
2nd row: P = L + D ; 16 = 12 + 4
3rd row: T = O + E ; 20 = 15 + 5
So, the answer is (d).
a) 44 b) 41 c) 40 d) 39 Example 4: Find the missing term which will come in
the place of ‘?’ in the figure below?
Solution: (d)
In the figure above the numbers are following the
following pattern:
(3 × 2) – 1 = 5, then (5 × 2) – 2 = 8, then (8 × 2) – 3 =
13, then
(13 × 2) – 4 = 22 and then (22 × 2) – 5 = 39. So, the
answer is (d). a) J b) H c) S d) 9
Example 2: Find the value which will come in the Solution: (b)
place of ‘X’ in the figure below? Difference of place values of letters is 4.
Let us see,
T = 20, P = 16  20 – 16 = 4
F = 6, B = 2  6 – 2 = 4
Z = 26, V = 22  26 – 22 = 4
a) 36 b) 25 c) 24 d) 9 Similarly, L = 12, H = 8  12 – 8 = 4
Solution: (a) Clearly, ? = H
In the figure given, the sum of the square root of the So, the answer is (b).
values in the outer square is equal to the value in the
middle square.
i.e 9 + 16 + 25 + 36 = 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 = 18
So, 9 + 64 + 1 + X = 3 + 8 + 1 + X = 18
So, X = 36. So, the answer is (a).
Example 3: Find the missing term which will come in
the place of ‘?’ in the table below?
 Modern Approach to Reasoning
15

Exercise

Directions for questions 1 to 50: In each question (A) 240 (B) 195
given below which one number can be placed at (C) 84 (D) 168
the sign of interrogation (?). 6.
1.

(A) 36 (B) 117

(C) 52 (D) 26
(A) 18 (B) 27 7.
(C) 24 (D) 9
2.

(A) 65 (B) 120

(C) 116 (D) 192
8.

(A) 68 (B) 70
(C) 66 (D) 64
3. (A) 425
(B) 184
(C) 241
(D) 210
9.
(A) 7 (B) –12
(C) 12 (D) 9
4.
(A) 4
(B) 8
(C) 20
(D) 14
10.
(A) 8 (B) 11
(C) 7 (D) 9 14 9 4
5.
12 7 2

10 5 0

16 11 ?
 Modern Approach to Reasoning
16

(A) 9 (B) 6 (A) 72 (B) 68

(C) 3 (D) 7 (C) 82 (D) 96
11. 17.
42 21 22

78 ? 84
(A) 69 (B) 49
162 18 99
(C) 50 (D) 60
12. (A) 12 (B) 13
(C) 60 (D) 72
18.

(A) 21 (B) 25
(C) 50 (D) 60
13.
51 11 61 (A) 960 (B) 628
(C) 830 (D) 492
64 30 32 19.
35 ? 43
(A) 25 (B) 27
(C) 32 (D) 37 (A) 18
14. (B) 10
(C) 36
(D) 24
20.

(A) 5 (B) 6
(C) 8 (D) 9
15.
(A) 5
27 22 50 (B) 4
(C) 2
13 12 26
(D) 1
9 2 ? 21.

(A) 12 (B) 39
(C) 18 (D) 24
16.
 Modern Approach to Reasoning
17

(A) 11 (B) 5 27.

(C) 9 (D) 13
22.

(A) 2250 (B) 8100

(C) 11036 (D) 1216
28.
(A) 1 (B) 3
(C) 9 (D) 13
23.

(A) 25 (B) 12
(C) 36 (D) 0
29.
(A) 3 (B) 8
(C) 10 (D) 14
24.

(A) 21 (B) 25
(C) 50 (D) 60
30.

(A) 64 (B) 92
(C) 120 (D) 146
25.
(A) 13 (B) 15
(C) 36 (D) 16
31.

(A) 40 (B) 32
(C) 45 (D) 41
26. (A) 240 (B) 230
(C) 232 (D) 251
32.
24 144 384
(A) 229 (B) 234 6 36 ?
(C) 312 (D) 246
2 12 32

1 6 16
 Modern Approach to Reasoning
18

(A) 85 (B) 80 4 ? 126

(C) 96 (D) 91
(A) 6 (B) 8
33.
(C) 7 (D) 12
1 1/2 3/2 38.
2 2/3 8/3 8 2 3 154

3 ? 19/5 6 ? 4 202
(A) 1/2 (B) 2/3 5 9 6 383
(C) 3/4 (D) 4/5
(A) 49 (B) 64
34.
(C) 7 (D) 9
7 4 9 39.
14 8 ? 5 1 3 648

28 16 36 6 9 4 1640

56 32 72 4 ? 5 1229
(A) 81 (B) 27 (A) 6 (B) 7
(C) 16 (D) 18 (C) 9 (D) 11
35. 40.
9 5 6 11 9 4 13

5 7 ? 7 12 7 2

3 4 5 13 17 16 29

135 140 150 157 177 ? 381

(A) 4 (B) 5 (A) 68 (B) 88
(C) 8 (D) 10 (C) 78 (D) 58
36. 41.
9 11 13 5 8 5

3 4 7 6 11 16

3 4 ? 7 14 ?

81 176 455 228 1265 750

(A) 3 (B) 5 (A) 11 (B) 9
(C) 7 (D) 9 (C) 6 (D) 7
37. 42.
6 9 275 14 8 ?

3 6 8 10 13 16
 Modern Approach to Reasoning
19

16 14 8 (A) 14 (B) 19
(C) 17 (D) 13
172 132 160 47.
(A) 9 (B) 7 13 63 34
(C) 8 (D) 6
43. 44 99 77

14 8 10 192 88 198 154

16 9 13 261 176 ? 605

14 11 17 ? (A) 1089 (B) 1189

(C) 1079 (D) 1069
(A) 371 (B) 441
48.
(C) 341 (D) 431
44. 16 8 9 249

4 6 3 18 23 26 19 4919

6 4 2 168 11 ? 8 278

11 8 10 855 (A) 12 (B) 15

(C) 16 (D) 13
16 9 ? 1878 49.
(A) 19 (B) 17 11 6 19 684
(C) 16 (D) 18
45. ? 13 4 136

11 10 11 23 11 7 287

374 120 286 (A) 17 (B) 13

(C) 15 (D) 11
16 9 ? 50.
18 3 17 15 12 16
(A) 19 (B) 9 9 8 ?
(C) 17 (D) 18
46. 18 17 3

12 16 21 177 148 97

4 9 13 (A) 23 (B) 27
(C) 29 (D) 31
11 ? 4

564 1908 1128

 Modern Approach to Reasoning
20

Solution

1.(D) The series is 6561 = 81 × 81, 81 = 9 × 9, 9 12.(B) Square of the number at the bottom is
= 3 × 3. equal to the product of the two numbers at
2.(B) The series is 7 × 2 + 2 = 16, then 16 × 2 + the top i.e. 62 = 4 × 9 and 122 = 9 × 6 ; So,
2 = 34, then 34 × 2 + 2 = 70, then 70 × 2 202 = 16 × x  x = 25.
+ 2 = 142, So the missing value is 70. 13.(B) The sum of the products of the digits of
3.(B) Here, 2 × 5 × 3 = 30, 5 × –1 × 1 = –5. In numbers in the first and third column is
the similar way 4 × –1 × 3 = –12. the number in the second column.
4.(C) By adding the numbers in the upper (5 × 1) + (6 × 1) = 11;
quadrants we get the number in the lower (6 × 4) + (3 × 2) = 30
right quadrant. So the answer should be 4 So, (3 × 5) + (4 × 3) = 27.
+ 3 = 7. 14.(D) The sum of the numbers on the right and
5.(B) The series in the figure is as follows: at the center when subtracted from the
(2 + 6 + 2 + 3)2 – 1 = 132 – 1 = 168 number on the left gives the number at the
(3 + 5 + 1 + 2)2 – 1 = 112 – 1 = 120 bottom i.e. 93 – (27 + 63) = 3 ; So, 67 –
(2 + 3 + 5 + 4)2 – 1 = 142 – 1 = 195 (16 + 42) = 9.
So, the missing value is 195. 15. (A) The sum of the numbers in the first and
6. (A) The series is 5 × 4 = 20, 3 × 8 = 24, so 9 × the second column plus 1 is the number in
4 = 36. the third column. So, 9 + 2 + 1 = 12.
7.(B) The number inside the circle is the sum of 16.(B) The number at the bottom is obtained by
the other four numbers. subtracting the sum of two numbers in the
So, the answer is 25 + 50 + 34 + 11 = central grid line from the square of the
120. number on the top.
8.(B) The number at the bottom is the i.e. 72 – (2 + 7) = 40 ; 52 – (8 + 3) = 14 ;
difference of the squares of two numbers So, 92 – (7 + 6) = 68.
at the top, i.e.162 – 72 = 207. So, 252 – 212 17.(B) The number in the centre is obtained by
= 184. multiplying the number on the left by 2
9.(D) The sum of the two numbers on the top and then dividing the product by the sum
when divided by 2 gives the third number. of the digits of the number on the right.
i.e. i.e. (42 × 2) ÷ (2 + 2) = 21 ;
5 + 21 = 26/2 = 13 ; (162 × 2) ÷ (9 + 9) = 18
So, 24 + 4 = 28/2 = 14. So, (78 × 2) ÷ (8 + 4) = 13.
10.(B) The number in the second and the third 18.(C) The number in the center is the product of
column are 5 less than the number in 1st all the four numbers minus 10.
and 2nd column respectively. So, 16 – 5 = i.e. 3 × 5 × 2 × 6 – 10 = 170 ;
11 and 11 – 5 = 6. So, 10 × 6 × 7 × 2 – 10 = 830.
11. (A) The sum of all the three numbers in each 19.(D) The number inside the circle is the
line of any figure is same. product of the difference of two numbers
i.e. 59 + 80 + 20 = 40 + 80 + 39 above and difference of two numbers
So, 80 + 10 + ? = 159 ; ? = 69. below.
 Modern Approach to Reasoning
21

i.e. (5 – 3)(12 – 9) = 6; So, (18 – 10)(17 – 4; G + 3 i.e. 7 + 3 = 10 and G × 3 i.e. 7 ×

14) = 24. 3 = 21. The number in the right section of
20.(B) H is the 8th letter of english alphabet the inner triangle is the sum of the outer
series. By taking the sum of numbers numbers minus G i.e. (4 + 10 + 21) – 7 =
placed vertically outside the circle +8; 35 – 7 = 28
multiplying it by the number on the right; letter ‘P’ is 16th in order of english
then subtracting from the product of the alphabet, so
number on the left, gives the number 16 – 4 = 12, 16 + 4 = 20; 16 × 4 = 64
inside. and (12 + 20 + 64) –16 = 96 – 16 = 80
i.e. 4 + 8 + 4 = 16; 16 × 5 = 80 ; Similarly , letter ‘T’ is 20th in the order of
80 – 10 = 70 english alphabet,
As C is 3rd in order, so, 20 – 5 = 15 ; 20 + 5 = 25 ;
2 + 3 + 5 = 10; 10 × 3 = 30 ;30 – 4 = 26 20 × 5 = 100 and
So, 8 + 10 + 6 = 24; 24 × ? ; (15 + 25 + 100) – 20 = 140 – 20 = 120
(24 × ?) – 6 = 90 25. (A) It can be shown as:
So, (24?) = 96. (15 – 3) + 15 = 27 ; (31 – 6) + 31 = 56
Hence, ? = 96/24 = 4 So, now by looking at the options,
21.(C) W – T = 23 – 20 = 3 (40 – 9) + 40 = 71.
S – D = 19 – 4 = 15 26.(B) It can be shown as:
T – J = 20 – 10 = 10 13 × 17 = 221 ; 12 × 19 = 228 ;
P – G = 16 – 7 = 9 13 × 18 = 234.
22.(B) As M is 13th in the order of english 27.(B) The figure at bottom is obtained by
alphabet, so the pattern goes like this. squaring the product of upper figure. It
13 × 2 = (9 × 5) – 19 and B is 2nd in can be shown as:
english alphabet, (4 × 3)2 = 144 ; (11 × 9)2 = 9801 ; (15 ×
2 × 9 = (11 × 2) – 4 6)2 = 8100.
As E is 5 in the order of english alphabet, 28.(C) Figure at bottom is product of the two
so 5 × ? = (3 × 7) – 6 ; numbers at top as:
5 × ? = 15 ; ? = 3. 5 × 4 = 20 ; 8 × 8 = 64 ;
23.(C) As ‘r’ is 18 in the order of english So, 6 × 6 = 36.
alphabet, then 29.(B) Figure at bottom is square root of the
(28 × 23) + 18 = 173 + 489 product of the two numbers at top as:
letter ‘c’ is 3rd in the order of english 4 × 9 = 36 so 36 = 6 ;
alphabet 9 × 16 = 144 so 144 = 12
(54 × 15) + 3 = 342 + 471 Hence, 16 × ? = 20
Similarly, letter ‘d’ is 4 in the order of = [(20) × (20)] = 400 ;
english alphabet 400 ÷ 16 = 25.
(1 × 11) + 4 = 5 + ? ; 30.(B) The centre figure is obtained as the
11 + 4 = 5 + ? ; ? = 10. difference of the product of upper values
24.(C) Letter ‘G’ is 7th in the order of english and lower values as:
alphabet. Starting from left section of the (5 × 6) – (3 × 8) = 6 ;
big triangle the order is G – 3 i.e. 7 – 3 = (10 × 4) – (2 × 7) = 26
 Modern Approach to Reasoning
22

So, (9 × 7) – (6 × 8) = 15. 513 + 135 = 648 ; 694 + 946 = 1640.

31.(B) The value in centre is equal to sum of all 40.(C) The pattern is:
the numbers as: In first column:
17 + 52 + 8 + 12 = 89 ; 24 + 61 + 49 + 33 (11 × 13) + (7 × 2) = 157;
= 167 (9 × 17) + (12 × 2) = 177
So, 61 + 121 + 15 + 33 = 230. 41.(B) The pattern is:
32.(C) It can be shown as: In the first column = (5 × 6 × 7) + (5 + 6
r1 ÷ 4 = r2 ; r2 ÷ 3 = r3 ; r3 ÷ 2 = r 4 + 7) = 228 ;
So, 24 ÷ 4 = 6 ; 144 ÷ 4 = 36 (8 × 11 × 14) + (8 + 11 + 14) = 1265.
6 ÷ 3 = 2 ; 36 ÷ 3 = 12 42. (A) The pattern is:
2 ÷ 2 = 1 ; 12 ÷ 2 = 6 In first column: (14 × 10) + (16 × 2)
Similarly, 384 ÷ 4 = 96 ; 96 ÷ 3 = 32 = 172 ; (8 × 13) + (14 × 2) = 132.
; 32 ÷ 2 = 16. 43.(C) The pattern is:
33.(D) C3 is sum of C1 + C2 as: In the row: (14 + 10) × 8 = 192
1 + (1/2) = 3/2 ; 2 + (2/3) = 8/3 In second row: (16 + 13) × 9 = 261
So, 3 + ? = 19/5 ; 44.(B) The pattern is:
So, (19/5) – 3 = 4/5 In first row: (42 + 62 + 32) × 3 = 183 ; (62
34.(D) It can be shown as: + 42 + 22) × 3 = 168
C1 + (1/2)C2 = C3 45.(B) The pattern is;
As, 7 + (1/2) × 4 = 9 ; In the first column:
28 + (1/2) × 16 = 36 (16 + 18) × 11 = 374 ;
56 + (1/2) × 32 = 72 ; (9 + 3) × 10 = 120.
So, 14 + (1/2) × 8 = 18 46.(D) The pattern is:
35.(B) It can be shown as: In the first column:
R4 = R1 × R 2 × R3 (12 × 4 × 11) + 36 = 564 ;
As, 9 × 5 × 3 = 135 ; 5 × 7 × 4 = 140 (21 × 13 × 4) + 36 = 1128
6 × ? × 5 = 150 ; 150 ÷ 30 = 5 47. (A) The pattern is:
36.(B) It can be shown as: In first column: 13 + 31 = 44 ;
R4 = R 1 × R 2 × R3 44 + 44 = 88 ; 88 + 88 = 176 ;
So, 9 × 3 × 3 = 81 ; 11 × 4 × 4 = 176 34 + 43 = 77; 77 + 77 = 154 ;
13 × 7 × ? = 455 ; So, 455 ÷ 91 = 5 154 + 451 = 605.
37. (A) The pattern is: 48.(C) In first row:
6 + 9 = 15 – 1 = 14  (2 + 7 + 5 = 14) (16 + 8)/9 = 249 ;(23 + 26)/19 = 4919
3 + 6 = 9 – 1 = 8  (8) 49. (A) The pattern is:
4 + 6 = 10 – 1 = 9 (1 + 2 + 6 = 9) In first row: (11 + 6 + 19) × 19 = 684
38.(C) The pattern is: (23 + 11 + 7) × 7 = 287.
(82 + 22 + 32) = 77 50.(B) The pattern is:
So, 77 + 77 = 154 ; In first column:
(52 + 92 + 62) = 142 (18 × 9) + 15 = 177 ;
So, 142 + 241 = 383 (17 × 8) + 12 = 148
39.(B) In first row,
 Modern Approach to Reasoning
23

Analogy Modern
Analogy
03
Approach to
Word Analogy

Analogy means “Similarity” or “Similar

Tailor :
Relationship”. In questions based on analogy, a
Sewing
for Bank / SSC / RRB / CETWorker
and other Exams
particular relationship is given and one has to identify
–
another similar relationship from the options provided. Tools used by
Machine

Questions on analogy test studentʼs overall 5 Tool Surgeon : various

relationship Forceps technicians.
knowledge, reasoning ability and the power to think
concisely and clearly.
Writer : Pen
Word Analogy
The aim of word analogy is to test the candidate's
ability to discover the relationship between the
question pair and then to find the required pair of Pen : Paper
words which is most similar to the given relationship. Tools used on
the object
Tool –
(knife cuts the
Below is the list of probable relationship found in 6 Object
Saw : Wood meat; starter
analogy questions: relationship
starts the
Type of Knife : Meat motor)
Examples Explanation
relationship
Starter :
Slim : Stout Motor
Antonyms Poor : Rich Opposite(Antonym)
1.
relationship Never : in meaning.
Always Car : Wheel Wheel is part
of a car; coil
Slim : Thin Whole-part,
Synonyms Similar(Synonym) is a part of
2. Kind : 7 Part-whole
relationship in meaning motor; soldier
Benevolent relationship Coils : Motor
is a part of a
regiment.
Germ : The second word is Soldier :
Cause and
Disease a reaction that Regiment
3. Effect
Insult : occurs due to the
relationship
Humiliation first.
Nip : Crush Same
Author : Book Degree of
Worker – Carpenter : Creator of an article meanings but
8 difference
difference in
4. Article Chair and the article relationship
Admiration : degree only.
relationship Cobbler : created.
Love
Shoe