Automated Plant Watering System

Hasibul Islam, Tasfia Tofail, MD Muhaimanur Rahman, Sayma Rahman Shanta, Hasibul
Islam Hasib

Abstract: People enjoy plants, their benefits and

hydration. It presents a cost-effective, efficient
the feeling related to nurturing them. However, in
solution suitable for widespread use in various plant
this fast life, for most people, it becomes a challenge care scenarios.
to keep them healthy and alive. To accommodate
this, we have developed a model, which makes a In more recent studies, such as those by B. Johnson
plant more self-sufficient, watering itself from a [2], the critical role of the D Flip Flop is emphasized.
water tank. In this report it will describe the This component stores moisture level states, enabling
implementation of a sensor which detects the conditional watering based on real-time soil
humidity of the soil and supplies water, if required. conditions, effectively conserving water and
Once the soil gets dry, the sensor senses the preventing over-irrigation.
requirement of water in the soil and sends the digital
C. Lee’s work [3] highlights the transformative
output as input of D flip-flop which switch on the
impact of Soil Moisture Sensors. These sensors offer
relay and active the water pump until the soil gets precise soil moisture content readings, triggering
wet. This model will enable the people to enjoy watering only, when necessary, thus significantly
having plants without the challenges related to reducing water waste.
absent or forgetfulness.
Addressing a common challenge in the design of
Index terms: D flip-flop, Soil moisture sensor, electronic watering devices, D. Patel’s study [4]
Relay, 555 timer. investigates the power consumption of circuits
utilizing Single Channel Relays. The findings
I. Introduction underscore the importance of optimizing power
management systems to extend the operational
In the fast paced world human beings require lifetime of these devices.
everything to be automated. Our lifestyle demands
everything to be remote controlled. Apart from few To accurately detect and respond to varying soil
things man has made his life automated. In the world moisture levels, the research by Gami [5] delves into
the innovative application of Passive Infrared (PIR)
of advance electronics, life of human beings should
sensors for movement direction and distance
be simpler hence to make life simpler and convenient.
classification. This study showcases the potential of
This paper is based on a plant watering system which PIR sensors to contribute to precise and efficient
is a model of controlling watering facilities to help plant watering systems.
millions of people. This working module uses sensor
technology with relay to make a smart switching Another critical consideration is the mitigation of
device. The model shows the basic switching false triggers, as explored in recent research focusing
mechanism of water pump using sensors from the on developing sophisticated algorithms for
potted plant by sensing the moisture present in the interpreting sensor data more accurately. These
soil. algorithms are crucial in distinguishing between
genuine watering needs and environmental factors,
II. Literature Review thereby reducing unnecessary water usage.

This section explores recent advancements in

Furthermore, the integration of automatic watering
circuits with smart notification systems has emerged
automatic plant watering systems, focusing on the as a recent research focus. As demonstrated in the
challenges and potential solutions within the field. study [6], real-time notifications via mobile apps and
email alerts enhance user responsiveness to plant care
The study [1] introduces a novel automatic watering needs, thereby augmenting the overall effectiveness
system utilizing the 555 Timer IC to generate of the watering systems.
continuous square pulses, essential for regulating
irrigation intervals. This system ensures consistent
watering times, providing plants with adequate
In conclusion, the recent literature underscores
significant progress in circuit design for automatic
plant watering systems, effectively addressing
challenges such as power efficiency, false triggers,
smart integration, and customization. Future studies
should prioritize advancements in sensor technology,
the refinement of detection algorithms, and the
exploration of novel integration methods, aiming to
create more versatile and effective plant care
solutions.

III. Methodology and Modeling Fig-1: Block Diagram

III.I. Introduction: [Link]. Description of the Components:

 555 timer uses as astable multivibrator  Soil Moisture Sensor:

mood.
 Soil moisture sensor indicates the humidity It senses the requirement of water in the soil.
of the soil. When soil gets dry(water pump need to be on), it
 D flip-flop uses to power up the relay. produces digital 1 and when soil gets wet(water
pump need to be off), it produces digital 0 as
 Relay uses for turning on and off the
output by using the sensor module.
Water pump.
 Water pump is used to lift the water
based on requirement of water.

[Link]. Working Principle of the proposed project:

 When soil gets dry, moisture sensor

will detect and gives a digital 1 as output
using the sensor module and this output goes
as the input of a D flip-flop. D flip-flop is
getting continuous square pulse as clock
input which is generating from 555
timer(astable multivibrator).At this moment,
Fig-2.1: Soil moisture Sensor
D flip-flop produced digital 1 in output
which helps to power up a 5V single channel  555 timer IC :
relay and it will activate the water motor
pump until soil gets wet. 555 timer uses as a Astable multivibrator mood.
 When soil gets wet, moisture sensor In this mood it will generates continuous Square
pulse in output. This pulse uses as the clock input
will detect and gives a digital 0 as output
of the D flip-flop.
using the sensor module and this output goes
as the input of a D flip-flop. At this moment,
D flip- flop produced digital 0(0V) in output
which helps to power off a 5V single
channel relay and it will deactivate the water
motor pump until the soil gets dry again.

Fig: 555 timer IC

 D flip-flop:

D flip-flop is uses to power up the relay. D flip-

flop takes the output of the soil sensor and gives
 output digital 1(5V) or digital 0(0V) based the
input from the sensor.

Fig-2.2: D flip-flop

 5V single channel relay:

Relay is used for activating and deactivating the

water pump automatically. When relay gets Fig-3.2: Setup of moisture sensor
power on, water pump will activates
automatically and when it gets power off, water
pump deactivates automatically until it power on
again.

Fig-2.3: 5V single Channel Relay

Fig-3.3: Setup of Water pump
 9V DC Water Motor Pump:

Water pump is used to lift the water from a water

source and water the plants based on their
IV. Result and discussion:
requirements of water. IV.I. Simulation:
[Link] Experimental Setup:

Fig-3.1: Setup of Circuit Fig-4.1: Water pump is Activated(motor1)

 IV.V. Limitations:

While the automated watering system has shown

promising results in streamlining plant irrigation, it is
crucial to recognize and address the limitations that
have surfaced during its implementation and
operational phases.

1. High Initial Cost:

o The initial setup cost for an automated
Fig-4.2: Water pump is Deactivated(motor0) watering system can be substantial, which
may deter individuals or small-scale
operations from adopting the technology.
o This financial barrier could be mitigated by
[Link]. Measured Response: exploring cost-effective materials and
Clock State Input(flip- Output Relay State simpler design alternatives that maintain
of flop) of system efficiency.
soil Motor 2. Dependence on Technology:
triggered Dry 1 1 Power active
on o The reliance on electronic components and
triggered Wet 0 0 Power inactive sensors introduces a risk of system failure
off
due to technological malfunctions or
breakdowns.
[Link]. Comparison between Numerical and o To reduce this dependency, incorporating
Experimental results: manual checks or backup systems could
enhance the reliability of the watering
In simulation the motor is activated until the process.
sensor gives digital 0 as output. When we 3. Limited Flexibility:
implemented practically, the speed of the lifting o Automated systems may not cater to the
water was not constant. Because we are getting diverse needs of different plant species or
continuous clock pulse but, there is a time delay. adapt well to varying environmental
Therefore the relay and motor couldn’t get the conditions.
constant power to work continuously. o Enhancing system adaptability through
modular design or adjustable settings could
[Link]. Cost Analysis:
address this limitation, allowing for a more
Components Quantity Cost (TK) tailored irrigation approach.
555 timer IC 1 20 4. Sensitivity to Soil Conditions:
D flip-flop IC 1 15
Soil Moisture 1 110 o Soil moisture sensors’ accuracy can be
Sensor affected by the specific characteristics of
5V single 1 120 the soil, such as texture and salinity levels.
Channel Relay
Resistor 2 20 o Regular sensor calibration and the use of
Capacitor 2 20 sensors that can compensate for soil
9V DC Water 1 150 variability could improve the system’s
Motor Pump responsiveness to actual soil moisture
Breadboard 2 300
Total 755 TK levels.
5. Component Limitations:
 o Components like the 555 timer and D flip- water to plant using water motor pump. When the
flop may have operational constraints that desired moisture level is reached, the system halts
affect the system’s timing and output. on its own and the water pump is turned OFF. Thus,
o Investigating alternative components or the functionality of the entire system has been
circuit designs that offer greater stability tested thoroughly and it is said to function
and efficiency could overcome these
successfully.
limitations.
6. Calibration Needs: In our model, we have used a single soil moisture
o The necessity for frequent calibration of sensor. We can extend it to water five more plants
soil moisture sensors to maintain accuracy by using more sensors and multiple channel relays. A
can be labor-intensive and time-consuming. Light Emitting Diode and a buzzer can be used to
o Developing self-calibrating sensors or indicate that the water tank is empty and it needs to
simplified calibration procedures could be refilled. We can add a bluetooth module or a GSM
make the system more user-friendly and module to wirelessly control the watering of the
consistent in performance. plants.
7. Complexity for Troubleshooting:
o Diagnosing issues within an automated
system can be challenging due to the Reference
complexity of its electronic components.
[1] Design and construction of automatic
o Designing the system with diagnostic
power changeover system, by Jonathan Gana
indicators or smart troubleshooting guides
Kolo
could facilitate easier maintenance and
repair. [2] Samy Sadeky, Ayoub Al-Hamadiy, Bernd
Michaelisy, Usama Sayedz,“ An Acoustic Method
Understanding these challenges is vital for for Soil Moisture Measurement ”, IEEE 2004
comprehending the practical constraints of the
automated watering system as currently designed. [3] Arelona P, riya R, “ Design & Implementation
This analysis lays the foundation for future endeavors of automated plaint watering system. Vol 4, issue
1,
aimed at enhancing the system’s capabilities by
January 2016
viewing limitations as opportunities for innovation. By
addressing these concerns through further research [4] Awati J.S., Patil V.S., “Automatic Irrigation
and iterative design improvements, the system’s Control by using wireless sensor networks”, Journal
overall robustness and suitability for real-world of Exclusive Management Science --Vol 1 Issue 6
applications can be significantly advanced. June 2012.

[5] S.V Devika, S.K. khamurudden, S.K. Kamurunisa,

V. Conclusions:
Jaynath Thota, “ Arduino based automated plaint
Design and implementation of automated plant watering system”; IJARCSSE, Vol 4, issue 10
watering system was successfully established and October 2014
tested. Presence of every module has been reasoned
[6] Ms Deweshvee Rane, Prof [Link], Prof
out and placed carefully, thus contributing to the
D/[Link],” Review paper based on automated
best working of the unit. The system has been tested
irrigation system based on RF module. IJAICT, vol
to function automatically. The moisture sensor
1, issue 9, January 2015
measures the moisture level (water content) of the
potted plant. If the moisture level is found to be
below the desired level, the moisture sensor sends
the output to the input of D flip-flop which power up
the relay and turn ON the water pump and supply
the