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선택형 : 70점 26문항, 서답형 : 30점 6문항입니다. 6. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? [2.5점]
All language, whether spoken or written, is representational.
A single letter or word outside of its context tells us almost
nothing. To understand the letter or word, we need to see it
1. 다음을 듣고, 남자가 하는 말의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르
as part of a meaningful pattern, positioned within a series
시오. [2점]
of letters abstracting a pattern of language. The pattern of
① 자전거 구입시 고려해야 하는 사항을 안내하려고
letters together makes a word and its sound evokes the
② 투어 후 머물렀던 장소 청소를 독려하려고
actual thing, thought, or idea it represents. But by itself the
③ 자전거 투어 시 안전 규칙을 설명하려고
④ 관광지 단체 관람 일정을 공지하려고 word tells only part of the story. We need more and
⑤ 자전거 부품 교체를 요청하려고 logically connected words to fully understand a message. So
we link the word with other words and create a chain in a
recognizable pattern to make a sentence and complete a
2. 대화를 듣고, 여자의 의견으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [2점] thought. And only by stringing many sentences together into
① 과격한 운동은 관절에 무리를 줄 수 있다. a story within a complete context can we have greater
② 운동은 규칙적으로 하는 것이 효과적이다. insight and understanding into larger themes.
③ 부족한 수면은 심혈관계 질환을 유발한다.
④ 잠들기 직전의 운동은 수면을 방해할 수 있다. ① Ignore the Language Pattern
⑤ 주기적인 명상은 정신과 신체 건강에 유익하다. ② Don’t Take Anything Literally
③ Why We Take a Literary Class
④ How to Make a Simple Composition
3. 대화를 듣고, 두 사람의 관계를 가장 잘 나타낸 것을 고르시오. [2점]
⑤ A Word Out of Context Goes Nowhere
① 구급 대원 – 간호사 ② 피부과 의사 – 환자
③ 화장품 판매원 – 손님 ④ 제약 회사 직원 – 약사
⑤ 물리 치료사 – 운동선수
7. (A),(B),(C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것
은? [3.5점]
Culture takes into account not only the actions but also the
4. 대화를 듣고, 그림에서 대화의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시
오. [2점] collective values of its members. Gaining a (A) inclusive / partial
understanding of culture requires that members observe well
beyond their own limited perspectives. A good example of this can
be found using the famous Indian legend of the three blind
men who came upon an elephant and tried to describe what
they found. One approached and touched the elephant’s trunk,
and identified it as a snake; another touched the elephant’s
tail, and announced that it was a branch; and the third man
found the elephant’s ear, and called it a leaf. None could agree

on what the elephant looked like since each was (B) devoid / aware
of the perspective of the others. So it is with culture — each person
within a school or a district will have a different perspective on the
culture of the organization; some may be close in their
perspectives, and some may have vastly different views. We become

5. 대화를 듣고, 여자가 할 일로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [2점] so (C) detached / sunk in our views of culture that, much like
① 가격표 붙이기 ② 불필요한 물품 정리하기 the three blind men describing the elephant, it would be difficult to
③ 모금함 만들기 ④ 마이크와 스피커 점검하기
imagine anything outside of our current perspectives.
⑤ 홍보자료 제작하기

(A) (B) (C)

① inclusive …… devoid …… detached
② inclusive …… devoid …… sunk
③ inclusive …… aware …… detached
④ partial …… aware …… sunk
⑤ partial …… devoid …… detached

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8. 밑줄 친 Big Brother is watching you가 다음 글에서 의미하는 9. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은? [3.0점]
바로 가장 적절한 것은? [3.0점] The positive effect of repeated exposure seems to arise
Police departments in England and the United States, from an inborn discomfort that we feel around strange
especially in Chicago, have installed thousands of and unfamiliar things, an inner programming that warns
closed-circuit TV (CCTV) cameras in areas that are at risk us that the strange can be dangerous and should be
for crime. In July 2003, the Chicago Police Department avoided.
positioned remote-controlled and viewable cameras. Each
camera was equipped with flashing blue lights on top to
(A) If, however, we have seen the same stranger every day
ensure that its highly visible presence would inform the
in the supermarket, on the bus, or in the elevator, we
public that the area was under police surveillance. Do these
are likely to respond differently. After a number of such
measures really work? After a careful review of 41 studies,
casual encounters, if the person were to ask our opinion
Brandon Welsh and David Farrington found that CCTV
on the weather or the political situation, chances are that
interventions have a small but desirable effect on reducing
we would respond positively and willingly continue the
area crime and are more effective in reducing crime in
conversation, possibly the acquaintance.
England, where there is a high level of public support for
the use of CCTV cameras in public settings to prevent
(B) Repeated exposure tells us that the person is not dangerous,
crime, than in the United States, where people are wary of
so we can relax and enjoy the encounter, with our liking of
the “Big Brother is watching you” implications.
him/her increasing. In short, we tend to react with fear and
avoidance to strangers but develop a certain comfortableness
① Government is protecting people’s safety and property.
around them with repeated encounters, as they become
② Ruling authority is keeping an eye on people’s privacy.
familiar to us.
③ An elder brother is taking a good care of the younger.
④ Public security can’t help but take a back seat to privacy.
(C) As children, we are taught not to talk to strangers, and
⑤ Civilians’ monitoring of other citizens is a worldwide
even as adults we are not likely to respond positively to a
phenomenon.
stranger who, approaching us on the street and
introducing himself, says that he would like to get
acquainted. Most of us are likely to assume that the
stranger is crazy, drunk, trying to sell us something,
convince us of something, or even hurt us.

① (A)-(B)-(C) ② (A)-(C)-(B) ③ (B)-(A)-(C)

④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

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10. 밑줄 친 (a)∼(e) 중 글 (A), (B) 모두에서 어법상 틀린 것은? [3.5점] 11. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은? [2.5점]

(A) The fact that some people become less depressed soon
From a cross-cultural perspective the equation between after taking an herbal remedy doesn’t mean that the
public leadership and dominance (a)is questionable. What herbal remedy contributed to their improvement.
does one mean by ‘dominance’? Does it indicate coercion?
Or control over ‘the most valued’? ‘Political’ systems may
(A) These people might have become less depressed even
be about both, either, or conceivably (b)neither. The idea
without the herbal remedy, or they might have sought
of ‘control’ would be a bothersome one for many peoples,
out other effective interventions (like talking to a
as, for instance, among many native peoples of Amazonia
therapist or even to a supportive friend) at about the
(c)there all members of a community are fond of their
same time. Or perhaps taking the herbal remedy
personal autonomy and notably allergic to any obvious
inspired a sense of hope in them, resulting in what
expression of control or coercion. The conception of
psychologists call a placebo effect: improvement
political power as a coercive force, while it may be a
resulting from the mere expectation of improvement.
Western fixation, is not a universal. (d)That is very
unusual for an Amazonian leader to give an order. If
(B) From these findings, he proposed that shoes played a
many peoples do not view political power as a coercive
role in triggering schizophrenia. But the appearance of
force, nor as the most valued domain, then the leap from
shoes could have merely coincided with other changes,
‘the political’ to ‘domination’ (as coercion), and from
such as the growth of modernization or an increase in
there to ‘domination of women’, is a shaky one. As
stressful living conditions, which may have more directly
Marilyn Strathern has remarked, the notions of ‘the
caused the emergence of schizophrenia.
political’ and ‘political personhood’ are cultural obsessions
of our own, a bias long (e)reflecting in anthropological
(C) Even trained scientists can fall prey to this kind of
constructs.
reasoning. In the journal Medical Hypotheses,
Flensmark (2004) observed that the appearance of
(B)
shoes in the Western world about 1,000 years ago was
It is interesting to attend to the shift in pronouns. While
soon followed by the first appearance of cases of
the steel worker uses “I” when talking about activities that
schizophrenia.
did or would make him proud and provide him (a)for
satisfaction (“I would be tempted to kick the carpenter ...
① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)
I got tiny satisfaction when I loaded the truck”), he shifts
④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)
to “you” when talking about (b)what manual labor in a
steel mill is like. (“You can’t take pride anymore ... (c)It’s
hard to take pride in a bridge you’re never going to cross
... In a steel mill, forget it. You don’t see where anything
12. 주어진 문장의 밑줄 친 단어 중, 그 영어 뜻풀이가 옳지 않은 것은?
goes.”) Implicitly, there is less distance between the self
[2.5점]
and the activity when the activity is more meaningful.
① Strategy without tactics is the slowest route to victory.
Reading through what they said as a whole, moreover, it
( a planned way of doing something )
is noteworthy that the worker almost never refers to “we”
② We are urging people in the strongest possible terms to
when (d)discussing work. There is no natural community
evacuate before the typhoon lands on. ( move or take
of which he feels a part. In conclusion, how the steel
away from a dangerous place )
worker talks about work reveals as much about the
③ My boss asked me to condense the report into two pages.
distance of his self from his work and from others at
( make something larger in volume )
work as (e)is the content of what he says.
④ The dictator refuses to relax his grip on power. ( a ruler
who has total authority )
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ⑤ In preparation for landing, please extinguish all smoking
④ (d) ⑤ (e) materials. ( stop a fire or a light burning )

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13. 다음 ①~⑤ 중 어법상 올바른 것은? [3.5점] 15. 밑줄 친 Ⓐthe conventions가 다음 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장
It might sound pretty ①straightforwardly to ask which 적절한 것은? [3.0점]
hospital provides the best care. But hospitals can be rated Westerners take the now-familiar rules of perspective
on any of a bewildering variety of considerations, including drawing for granted. We all can see straight lines receding
inpatient volume, staffing levels, and specialty practices. to a common point on the horizon in the background, and
Likewise, we could keep it simple and just look at death we interpret this formalism as “real” even though
rates, as some experts ②are. Of all the things we’d like to perspective drawings are often grossly distorted in the
see ③happens during a hospital stay, avoiding death is same way shadows are. There is, however, nothing
usually at the top of the list. But death rates don’t simply intrinsically obvious about perspective. Anthropologists
depend on the quality of treatment rendered by a hospital; have found that many aboriginal peoples have difficulty
they can also depend on how sick or old or poor the interpreting our 2-D depictions of 3-D objects, and artists,
population served by the hospital is, the extent to which a too, must learn Ⓐthe conventions. Indeed, much modern
hospital takes on more difficult cases, the hospital’s ability abstract art, including that of Bridget Riley, explores the
to administer higher-risk treatments, and even a hospital’s issues of working within an explicitly flat world,
tendency to prematurely discharge patients, more of ④whom emphasizing the ways in which masses, colors, and shapes
will die elsewhere. The U.S. Centers for Medicare and interact differently than they do in our 3-D sensory world.
Medicaid Services attempts to adjust its published hospital Cubist art also explored the contrasts between a multitude
death rates for many of these factors, but that doesn’t fix of complementary views of a 3-D object and the limitations
the problem — most hospitals simply end up with fairly of 2-D depiction.
similar rates, ⑤make the list of little use.
① Westerners
② abstract art
14. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? [2.5점] ③ masses, colors, and shapes
How the bandwagon effect occurs is demonstrated by the ④ rules of perspective drawing
history of measurements of the speed of light. Because this
⑤ the way difficulties are distorted
speed is the basis of the theory of relativity, it’s one of the
most frequently and carefully measured quantities in
16. (A), (B), (C)에 들어갈 말로 알맞게 짝지어 진 것은? [2.5점]
science. As far as we know, the speed hasn’t changed over
time. However, from 1870 to 1900, all the experiments found Many of the worst urban environmental problems of

speeds that were too high. Then, from 1900 to 1950, the industrialized countries have been substantially reduced in recent

opposite happened — all the experiments found speeds that years. Air and water quality have (A) ameliorated/deteriorated
were too low! This kind of error, where results are always greatly because of new laws and investments in infrastructure.
on one side of the real value, is called “bias.” It probably Wealthy cities generally have good working conditions, housing
happened because over time, experimenters subconsciously and transportation systems. Communicable diseases are
adjusted their results to match what they expected to find.
(B) prevalent/uncommon , and water quality, with modern
If a result fit what they expected, they kept it. If a result
water treatment facilities, is often better than that in rural
didn’t fit, they threw it out. They weren’t being intentionally
areas, making cities safer places to live. Still, many people
dishonest, just influenced by the conventional wisdom. The
regard city life as being more stressful than life in the
pattern only changed when someone had the courage to
country or suburbs. In part this is perceptual Americans
report what was actually measured instead of what was
generally assume that cities are crime-ridden places, but
expected.
per capita rates of theft, assault, murder, as well as
accidents and exposure to toxic compounds are often
① 빛의 속도 측정의 역사를 살펴보면 편승 효과가 어떻게 발생하
는지 알 수 있다. (C) greater/lower in rural areas and small towns than in
② 시간이 지남에 따라 과학자들은 빛의 속도를 더욱 면밀하게 측 cities.
정할 수 있게 되었다.
③ 결과치가 항상 실제 값의 한쪽에 치우치는 오류를 ‘편향’이라고 (A) (B) (C)
부른다. ① ameliorated …… prevalent …… greater
④ 빛의 속도를 측정했던 과학자들이 의도적으로 부정직하게 그 결 ② ameliorated …… prevalent …… lower
과 값을 보고했던 것은 아니다. ③ ameliorated …… uncommon …… greater
⑤ 누군가가 예상된 것 대신에 실제로 측정된 것을 보고할 용기가 ④ deteriorated …… prevalent …… lower
있을 때만 일반 통념이 바뀔 수 있다. ⑤ deteriorated …… uncommon …… lower

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17. 밑줄 친 ①~⑤중 단어의 의미가 잘못된 것은? [3.0점] 19. 주어진 문장의 밑줄 친 단어 중, 그 영어 뜻풀이가 옳지 않은 것은?

Do you have a tendency to ①second-guess yourself ? Do [2.5점]

① To remind a man of the good turns you have done him
you often wonder whether you’ve made the correct decision?
is very much like a reproach. ( criticism for having done
Do you feel the need to double-check with someone? Is it hard
something wrong )
for you to make the decision in the first place? Do you feel
② Empathize with stupidity and you’re halfway to thinking
like you second-guess your instincts and end up researching like an idiot. ( happen at the same time in the same
and collecting a lot of information before settling on a place )
decision? These are all ②characteristics of second-guessing; I ③ To know how to dispense with things is to possess them.
see them as subtle strategies of avoidance. If you spend a lot ( do without or do away with )

of time asking people for their opinions, or going over and ④ So many tangles in life are ultimately hopeless that we
have no appropriate sword other than laughter. ( confused
over a decision in your mind, you’re ③putting off making the
masses twisted together )
decision. If you second-guess a decision you’ve already made,
⑤ Few places are more conducive to internal conversation
you’re avoiding dealing with the ④implications of the decision,
than moving planes, ships or trains. ( making a certain
good or bad. One of the worst parts about second-guessing outcome possible)
is that it undermines your confidence. Imagine that your boss
second-guessed everything you did. You’d assume that he
had no confidence in you, right? The same holds true for
yourself: your second-guessing of yourself causes you to lose
⑤confidence in yourself.

① second-guess: to criticize someone's decision after it has

20. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않
been made 은 것은? [2.5점]
② characteristic: typical or noticeable quality of someone or Both psychology and business have operated on the
something assumption that the relationship between choice and
③ put off: to decide or arrange to delay an event or activity well-being is ①simple: The more choices people have, the

until a later time or date better off they are. Choice is good for us, but its relationship
to satisfaction appears to be more complicated than we
④ implication: the effect that an action or decision will have
assume. There is diminishing marginal utility in having other
on something else
②possibilities; each new option subtracts a little from the
⑤ confidence: the quality of being doubtful of your abilities
feeling of well-being, until the marginal benefits of added
or of having trust in people, plans, or the future choice become ③stable. What’s more, psychologists and
business academics alike have largely ignored another
④positive outcome of choice: More of it requires increased
time and effort and can lead to anxiety, regret, excessively

18. 다음 중 밑줄 친 단어의 뜻이 올바르게 짝지어진 것을 모두 고른 high expectations, and self-blame if the choices don’t work
out. When the number of available options is small, these
것은? [2.5점]
costs are ⑤insignificant, but the costs grow with the number
⒜ Renovate your life and the universe is yours. (혁신하다)
of options. Eventually, each new option makes us feel worse
⒝ Money is but one venue for generosity. (소득) off than we did before.
⒞ When war is declared, truth is the first casualty. (원인)
⒟ Example is the best precept. (가르침)
⒠ Adversities do not make a man frail. (연약한)

① ⒜, ⒞ ② ⒜, ⒟ ③ ⒝, ⒠
④ ⒜, ⒟, ⒠ ⑤ ⒜, ⒝, ⒟, ⒠

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21. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? [3.5점] 23. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)
The cumulative impact of new technologies expected to be 에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? [3.0점]
available over the next few decades is difficult to imagine People who spoke quite different languages were given a
and likely to be unsettling. I refer to the incessant large number of chips, each of a different color. Those
outpouring of groundbreaking discoveries and tools as a tested were told to sort the chips into piles so that each pile
techstorm. While rain showers nurture plant life, a forceful contained chips of similar color. Each person was allowed to
and never-ending downpour can have a destructive impact. make any number of piles. As might be predicted, the
Technological development is similar to an economy in that number of piles tended to correspond with the number of
both can either stagnate or overheat. Vocal advocates for basic color terms in the language spoken by the sorter. In
the rewards of technology call for more and more English we have eleven basic color terms (red, pink, orange,
governmental policies to create funding for research and to brown, yellow, green, blue, purple, black, gray, and white),
lower product liability as a means to stimulate innovation. so English speakers tend to sort color chips into eleven piles.
However, development in a few fields can accelerate toward a If a language has only six basic color terms (corresponding,
rate dangerously beyond our control. Arguably, that is the say, to our red, yellow, green, blue, black, and white),
case with the expansion of information technologies and the speakers of that language tend to cancel their perception of
manner in which they increasingly afford opportunities to all other differences and sort color chips into those six piles.
undermine privacy and property rights. The genie is out of Pink is only a tint or light version of red. But because we
the bottle. have different basic terms for those two colors, they seem to
us to be quite distinct colors. Thus, how we think about and
① The Destructive Impact of a Incessant Downpour respond to colors is a function of how our language
② The Devastating Drawbacks of Technology Expansion classifies them.
③ The Importance of Governmental Policies in Stimulating 
Innovation
Language influences the way we perceive and ( A )
④ The Positive Outcomes of Lowering Product Liability for
colors; individuals demonstrate this by sorting color chips
Innovation
based on their language's basic color ( B ).
⑤ The Benefits of Accelerating Technology for Privacy and
Property Rights
(A) (B)
① classify ⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅ psychology
② categorize ⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅ expressions
③ categorize ⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅ harmony
22. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? [2.5점]
④ predict ⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅ terms
The extent to which an economic actor can specialize in a
⑤ predict ⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅ contrast
particular good or service depends upon the level ①which it
is needed by the rest of the group. In a group of 100 people,
it is possible to specialize exclusively in a service ②that is
required on average 1 percent of the time by each individual
but not in anything that is required less often. Thus, a large
city can provide opportunities for all sorts of specialist
services ③which simply could not survive in a village or
small town. A small band of foragers, say, cannot support a
full-time plumber, simply because the two or three families
in the group would not generate enough demand. If foragers
wanted plumbing, they would need to be their own plumbers.
They would also need to perform all the other tasks ④which
are associated with a successful plumbing system, such as
metalwork to make the pipes and digging of the drains. It is
simply not feasible for a handful of people to supply all the
necessary skills and labor, while still procuring the food and
other essentials ⑤that are needed for day-to-day survival.

꿈 그리고 도전과 열정 (Dream , Challenge & Passion) 10쪽 중 6쪽 중앙대학교 사범대학 부속고등학교
 제 2 학년 영어 Ⅱ 과 2 학기 기말 고사
과목 코드 ( 33 ) 2023 년 12 월 13 일 실시
24. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? [3.0점] 25. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)
In a recent study in Russia, biologists discovered that when 에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? [3.0점]
a tree is foreseeing its death, the tree gathers its entire Generally speaking, even though differences are what
energy and deposits this energy into producing seeds for the makes each culture unique, they may also be barriers to
very last time. For example, oak trees broken by a storm or understanding. Yang Liu’s book isn’t about ranking cultural
cedar trees with the bark removed from their trunks, in a differences in terms of which is better. The book is designed
farewell effort before they die forever, give their record to show that there may be other ways to look at the world.
crops of acorns or nuts. Plants allow humans and animals to Maybe it’s easier to think of culture like taking photographs.
eat all of their fruits, but only part of their leaves, because The individual photographer uses a variety of different
plants need to have leaves for their own use, which is methods to capture what she feels is the most important
manufacturing chlorophyll. At the same time, plants depend aspect of a scene. Is it the lighting or the angle? Should
on moving creatures for many different reasons, like there be people in it or not? Is a close-up or a wide shot
pollination, fertilizing the soil, and hanging around to help better? Likewise, cultural understanding comes from being
eat the ripe fruit. For this reason, plants accumulate a lot of open to the idea that differences may come from putting
highly nutritious elements in their leaves, but mix these value on different aspects of life.
nourishing ingredients with either bitterness or very small
amounts of poisons. That is how animals are forced to rotate
No matter what perspective you own, it should be
their menus and that is why all wild animals are browsers.
considered not as a method to (A) each other but as
a way to (B) the other.
① 죽음을 예견한 나무들은 최대한의 에너지를 씨앗 생산에 집중한다.
② 식물들은 꽃가루 수분이나 토양 비료화를 위해 동물들을 필요로
한다. (A) (B)
③ 식물들은 엽록소 비축을 위해서 대량의 열매를 생산하는 경향을 ① equalize ---------- comprehend
보인다.
② equalize ------------ subject
④ 식물들은 동물들에게 열매 모두를 먹도록 허용하지만, 그들의 잎
③ grade ----------- comprehend
은 일부만 허용한다.
④ grade -------------- outdo
⑤ 식물들은 동물들에게 유용한 먹이를 제공하지만 동물들의 먹이에
⑤ grade ------------- subject
독성 성분을 섞기도 한다.

26. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않

은 것을 고르시오. [2.5점]
One of the biggest concerns is the question of whether or
not past data can be used to ⓐforecast future events. The
results of Big Data analyses may mean that some people are
ⓑdenied health insurance coverage because of their family’s
genetic history, or that others could be put on watch lists
because their past behavior indicates possible future criminal
activities. History tells a story, but the future is always
unknown. Another concern is whether the collector of the
data or the provider of the data has ownership rights. For
example, many companies ⓒsell their customers personal
information for commercial purposes. Both the buyer and
the seller can make financial gains, but the customers that
ⓓuse the information are left out. Like any resource, using
it wisely can be beneficial, but using it carelessly can lead to
ⓔunpredicted outcome.

① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ

꿈 그리고 도전과 열정 (Dream , Challenge & Passion) 10쪽 중 7쪽 중앙대학교 사범대학 부속고등학교
 제 2 학년 영어 Ⅱ 과 2 학기 기말 고사
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서답형 1. 다음 글 (A)와 (B)를 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [5점] 서답형 2. 다음 글 (A), (B)를 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [5점]
(A) (A)
Clarity is often a difficult thing ①for a leader to obtain. Regulations covering scientific experiments on human subjects
Concerns of the present tend to seem larger than potentially are strict. Subjects must give their informed, written consent,
greater concerns ②that lie farther away. Some decisions by and experimenters must (그들의 실험을 감독기관의 철저한 조사를
their nature present great complexity, whose many variables 받게 하다). Scientists who experiment on themselves can,
must come together a certain way for the leader to succeed. functionally if not legally, avoid the restrictions associated with
③Compounding the difficulty, now more than ever, is what experimenting on other people. They can also sidestep most of
ergonomists call information overload, where a leader is the ethical issues involved: nobody, presumably, is more aware
overrun with inputs — via e-mails, meetings, and phone calls of an experiment’s potential hazards than the scientist who
— that only distract and confuse her thinking. Alternatively, devised it. Nonetheless, experimenting on oneself remains
the leader’s information might be only fragmentary, ④which deeply problematic. One obvious drawback is the danger
makes her fill in the gaps with assumptions — sometimes involved; knowing that it exists does nothing to reduce it. A
without recognizing them as such. And the merits of a less obvious drawback is the limited range of data that the
leader’s most important decisions, by their nature, typically experiment can generate. Human anatomy and physiology vary,
are not clear-cut. Instead those decisions involve a process in small but significant ways, according to gender, age, lifestyle,
of assigning weights to ⑤compete interests, and then and other factors. Experimental results derived from a single
determining, based upon some criterion, which one subject are, therefore, of limited value; there is no way to know
predominates. The result is one of judgment, of shades of whether the subject’s responses are typical or atypical of the
gray; like saying that Beethoven is a better composer than response of humans as a group.
Brahms.
(B) (B)
One day, a stack of reports and briefings on the Logical fallacies are errors in reasoning that can
infrastructure project landed on Senator Turner's desk. The undermine the validity of arguments. One fallacy is ‘false
documents were lacking a cohesive overview of the project's cause’. For instance, ‘false cause’ occurs when a correlation
intricacies. Key details were missing, and the senator was left between two events is incorrectly assumed to imply
with more questions than answers. Faced with a time crunch causation, such as attributing the sunrise to a rooster's
and a pressing need to take a stance on the issue, Senator crowing. Another fallacy is ‘the ad hominem attack’, which
Turner grappled with the challenge of deciphering the involves criticizing the person making the argument rather
incomplete information before him. In the absence of a than addressing the argument itself. An example is dismissing
holistic understanding, he relied on his political instincts and scientific research by attacking the researcher's affiliation
past experiences to bridge the informational voids. These instead of examining the evidence. Third one is ‘the hasty
assumptions began to shape his perspective and influence generalization’, where a broad conclusion is drawn based on
the decisions he was about to make. The decision, although insufficient or biased evidence. Judging an entire town as
well-intentioned, proved to be misguided, leading to unfriendly because of two rude encounters is ‘a hasty
unexpected challenges in the execution of the infrastructure generalization’. ‘The slippery slope fallacy’ involves predicting
project. The senator found himself facing criticism for a chain of negative consequences without adequate evidence,
decisions that, in hindsight, were rooted in incomplete and like claiming that allowing students to choose their courses
assumptive information. will inevitably lead to chaos in grading policies. Recognizing
these fallacies is crucial for constructing and evaluating
서답형 1-1. 글 (B)에서 설명하는 리더가 명료한 의사결정을 내리기 sound arguments.
어려운 이유 하나를 글 (A)에서 찾아 연속하는 일곱 단어의 영어
로 쓰시오. [3점] 서답형 2-1. 글 (A)의 밑줄 친 우리말을 영작하시오. (주어진 단어만
모두 한 번씩 사용할 것, 필요시 동사의 형태를 바꿀 수 있음) [3점]

examination/ by / submit / their / thorough /

oversee / to / bodies / experiments
서답형 1-2. 글(A)의 밑줄 친 ①∼⑤중 문법이 틀린 하나를 찾아
바르게 한 단어로 고쳐 쓰시오. [2점] ________________________________________________________

<보기> 번호 ( ⑨ ) -> 수정 ( )
서답형 2-2. 글 (B)에 소개된 논리적 오류 중, 글(A)의 밑줄 친 A less
obvious drawback이 해당되는 오류를 찾아서 영어로 쓰시오. [2점]
번호( ) → 수정( )

꿈 그리고 도전과 열정 (Dream , Challenge & Passion) 10쪽 중 8쪽 중앙대학교 사범대학 부속고등학교
 제 2 학년 영어 Ⅱ 과 2 학기 기말 고사
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서답형 3. 보기를 참고하여 다음 글 (A)와 (B)의 ①~⑧ 중 어법상 틀린 서답형 4. 다음을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. [4점]
것을 3개 고른 후, 각각 한 단어로 올바르게 고치시오. [6점, 각 2점] It is tempting as children enter the preschool phase to
(A) turn shared reading time into a ‘meaningful learning
In our current scientific thinking, light ①is recognized as a experience’ in the belief that a child needs to be ‘prepared’
form of energy. There are many other forms of energy, to enter the school system. Media representations of
including kinetic energy and nuclear binding energy and all parenting are often fear-based, with parents left feeling their
of ②which have in common that we can detect them as a child will be disadvantaged if they are not signed up to the
result of their effects on matter. The effect of light on a early reading program. Intensive early intervention may
detector is such a case, while a collision between two moving produce a child who enters the school system seemingly
cars — two chunks of matter that in their violent encounter reading at a higher level. However, as their peers learn to
convert kinetic energy into a change of matter — presents read at their own pace and ‘catch up’, those children with
another example of the same process. A closer examination of the experience of books, rather than those who have learnt
the effects of energy on matter has led scholars to the profound sounds and words by rote, are often the ones with higher
insight that it is energy — and energy alone — ③whether can all-round reading comprehension. By all means, try the
make matter change. It makes sense, therefore, to define ‘meaningful learning exercise’, but I urge parents and
‘energy’ as anything that can change matter, either its caregivers to keep it playful and be led by your child’s
structure or its movements, including making it more, or interest and enthusiasm.
less, ④complex.

서답형 4-1. 보기의 영영 풀이를 참고하여 괄호 안에 공통으로 들어

(B) 갈 알맞은 단어를 위 지문에서 찾아 쓰시오. (형태변형 불가) [2점]
As a person goes through life reading, observing, and ⑤learning
<보기>
through experiences, lessons and ideas begin to accumulate. Like the action of becoming intentionally involved in a difficult
a body of water dammed up, these ideas, lessons, and insights are situation, in order to improve it or prevent it from getting
⑥stored in the memory. There they move about, each having worse.
the potential to encounter another and ⑦spawn further
- Half the people said that they were opposed to military
lessons, insights, and ideas. Then one day, as this person
( ) in the civil war.
wrestles with a problem or tries to compose a work of art,
the flow of creative thoughts begins. Out they flow, as if the - Repeated ( ) on the currency markets failed to
dam ⑧what had held them in place had been breached. They prevent the currency's value falling.
rush into this person’s conscious mind and seem to be
coming from powers far beyond and greater than this person
believes her capabilities to be. Yet these ideas were there all
along, stored away until a problem or creative challenge 서답형 4-2. 보기에 주어진 단어들을 모두 이용하여 윗글의 요지를

presented itself and needed expression. 영작하시오. (중복사용 가능, 형태변형 불가) [2점]

<보기> 번호 ( ⑨ ) -> 수정 ( )
your / let / children / higher comprehension / as / for
/ many books / possible / preschool / experience

정답 1) 번호( ) → 수정( )
2) 번호( ) → 수정( )
3) 번호( ) → 수정( )

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 제 2 학년 영어 Ⅱ 과 2 학기 기말 고사
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서답형 5. 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오. [5점] 서답형 6. 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오. [5점]
Experimenters had two groups, the Eagles and the Bears, Economic theory is perhaps the most overambitious
①compete with each other in sporting events. Finally they attempt to create universal rules of human behaviour. Yet (
came to hate each other and the prejudice between them A ) to the supposedly logical beliefs of
reached the point of physical violence. The researchers then standard economics. Take London housing, for example.
disrupted the water supply ②that both groups used. To Logic would suggest that, as house prices in London
reestablish water to the camp, the Eagles and the Bears had continue to rise, many Londoners who do not need to live in
to work together to find the source of the trouble. While the city would decide to buy houses further away, gaining
they were trying to solve their mutual problem, the Eagles from price rises and ( B )ing the pressure on the market.
and the Bears did not seem to have much time ③to hate one In reality it seems the opposite happens: when sitting on a
another. In another instance, a food supply truck broke rising asset, people who would secretly prefer to move away
down, and the two groups had to work together to from London are reluctant to, for fear either that they will
push-start the truck. ( A ), both groups miss out on future property gains or that, once they leave,
would have gone hungry. After a series of such contacts, the they will be unable to afford to move back again. Even
prejudice between the groups began to dissolve, perhaps though this reluctance is perfectly ( C ), economics treats
because the Eagles and the Bears now saw ④them as part of all markets as if they were the same. In the crude oil
the same group — the group that was trying to find food market, for instance, things might happen in line with
and water. The researchers noted ⑤that friendships began to economic predictions and rising prices may drive asset
form between individual Eagles and Bears, and as a whole, owners to sell, but markets for housing and oil are very
they began to cooperate, spend time together, and even different.
share their money.
서답형 6-1. 빈칸 (A)가 속한 밑줄 친 문장이 “하지만, 사람들의 행
서답형 5-1. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ①∽⑤중, 어법상 틀린 것 1개를 골라서 동이 표준 경제학의 논리적인 믿음으로 추정되는 것과 반대되는 양
번호를 쓰고, 바르게 고치시오. [2점] 상을 보이는 것은 너무나 흔하다”라는 뜻이 되도록, 보기에 주어진
단어를 모두 사용하여 빈칸 (A)를 완성하시오. ( 주어진 단어들만
사용하시오. ) [3점]
<보기> 번호 ( ⑨ ) -> 수정 ( )
보기
run, counter, common, is, too, behavior, to, it, for,
정답 번호( ) → 수정( ) people’s

서답형 6-2. 빈칸 (B), (C)에 주어진 단어 풀이에 해당하는 단어를 쓰

서답형 5-2. 빈칸 (A)에 “만약 그들의 공동의 노력이 없었다면”이라 시오. ( 주어진 철자로 시작하고, 정해진 철자 수에 맞는 단어를 쓰
는 뜻이 되도록 보기에 주어진 단어 중에서 필요한 아홉 개의 단 시오. ) [2점]
어만 골라서 영작하시오. ( 필요하다면 동사의 시제를 문맥에 맞게 보기 (B) r____: to become or to cause (something, such as a
변형하시오. ) [3점] rule or law) to become less severe or strict
<보기> (C) p________: superficially fair, reasonable, or valuable
be, their, combined, would, it, efforts, might, theirs, but often deceptively so
private, if, separated, not, results, have, for

________________________________________________________

☆ 확인 사항 ☆
① 답안지의 해당란에 필요한 내용을 정확히 기입(표기)했는지
확인하십시오.
② 이 시험 문제의 저작권은 중앙대학교 사범대학 부속고등학교에
있습니다. 저작권법에 의해 보호받는 저작물이므로 전재와 복제는
금지되며 이를 어길 시 저작권법에 의거 처벌될 수 있습니다.

꿈 그리고 도전과 열정 (Dream , Challenge & Passion) 10쪽 중 10쪽 중앙대학교 사범대학 부속고등학교