Mid-Summer Edition Price, 15 Cents

Copyl'igh t, 1.923, II.I' The Sun l'rinting 11nd Puhll!lbin.. ~s..~o­

c;fatiou (The :Sun uod The Globe).

Published by

Wb.e - ~un
anh <!£he ~
- ~lobe
NEW YORK
 75he
RADIO MANUAL
CoiJ//dunctJ
~NFIDENCE is the backbone of this business
A Comprehensive Treatise on Radio T I h
Rece~tion, With Helpful Hint:S f ~re~h~ne
i{~dio
l b
§~~r~F"i:
as
the policy of the Rov~
n not merely to make a
Beginner and Con.structive .Sunn
eees t'ions
for the Experimenter
""~·r<'U.o~g~;;tfo"nmh!e becustr~erd,and our entire
lines to this d en rrune along these
en.
•• lit
Including
R Diagrams of the Armstrong Super-
~~,- th~th~1bi· ~emarkable improvements in radio egenerator, Flewellin6e.....
and V anous
.
hi . ic s need for an institution upon
w ch it can depend absolutely for reliabilit Forms of Reflex Sets
and acRcur~cy, was completely fulfilled by th~
R ova ad10 Stores.
* *
The fyblic immediately appreciated the service C ompiled By
~Y gihi~h us a tremendous volume of business
tor w c we are grateful. •
E. L. BRAGDON
Editor, Radi o Su.n-Globe
AND

F. C. EHLERT
Technical Editor, Radio Sun-Globe

2 New York Stores

167 West 18th St. 233 Fulton St.
Newark Store
132 Branford Place
More Interesting ROVA News
In the Middle of this Book

Publish ed By

THE SUN PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ASSOCIATION

280 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N. Y.

1 9 2 3
 Radio Manu al 3

General Outline
.. of Radio Manual
<Aineral description of types of re- Radio Freq uem.-y Potentiometers.
ceiving sets. Explanation. Battorios-A and B types.
How to add R. F. to S(lts already Uso of storage B and dry A.
Crysral Sets in operation. Panel matNials.
How operated.
Range.
How to makf'.
What mar be expocted from addi-
t ions.
How to wire set.
Precautions to observe.
Short Description of Storaite
Buying the Radio Set
&-loction of parts for crystal sets. Combination Sets Battery
Effect of wire sizes. Crystal and Tube.
Importance of sensitive crystals.
Advantage of crystal set b.
Simplo amplification.
Reflex amplification.
How to Char~e Storn&e Battery
Homo - made rectifa1rc; generally
Simple Suggestions That Will Help the Beginner Select
unsat isfactory.
Discussion of Vacuum Tu be
Action
Receivers wirll Super-
r e3eneratlve Basis
Connections for commercial chargers
Costs for recharging at difftirent
the Most Desirable Receiver From the Bewildering
Armstrong. rates.
Simplest One Tube R eceiver Flowolling. The Best Tube for the Use Array That Confronts Hirn.
Range. DrY Cell-\VDll. UV2X>1A.
Select.ion of parts. Explanation of Re3eneration UV199 UV216A.
Making of parts. UV200. UV2X>2. F, as has been variously rnportcd, this set would be useless if install<'cl gradual progressive stages, be is
Assembly.
How to oporate.
How this set can ho improved.
Discussion o f Action and Use of
Individual Pans
UV201. N Tubo.
Use of each and its cltaractcristics
I there are upward or two and one-
half million radio enthusiasts
In a locality more than ten miles
rrom a broadcasting slation. At this
sporting a rour tube receiver that Is
a " Rolls Royce" when compared to
Variocouplor vs. loose coupler and explained. distance the signals. if heard, would the "flivvcr" crystal sel of Jones.
Amplification. Phones In this country, then the simple,
tuning coils. "Don't put your money in a cheap
Honeycombs. Operation. fundamental question. ,,.What kind be exceedingly weak.
Multi-tube Sets Spider-webs. Selection of. of a receiving set should I buy?" bas In a nother p articular-that or in· set," be tells Brown. "That's the
Range. Variomet~.
b een asked at least that. number of terference from both broadcasting way I started and now the set Is
Selection of parts. Bank Wound-Long Wavc- Loud Speakers
times. In fact, it Is probable that and code stations-this ultra-simple gathering dust in the attic. A radio
Making of parts. CouPlers. Description of various types.
Assembly. Condensers-fixed and variable. the same question has bren askrd crystal set bas its outstanding draw- set is no good unless you can reach
How to operate. Grid Loaks. Last C hapter repeatedly by each neophyte before backs. Though Lhe broadcasts were out two or three hundred miles every
How this set can bo improved. RheostaLs-high and low resistance. Latest developmanLs up t1' dale. heard satisfactorily, the lack of se· night and pick thp station you want
be could gathe r sufficient courage to
take the initial plunge. For it is a lectivity which ls inherent in the to bear. If you want to go at it right,
difficult question lo a.n swer. and out apparatus would permi,t the inlermll· pay out your good money for a good
of ten persons to whom it is ad- tent dots and dashPs or amateur and set. Pay $250 if necessary."
commercial code s tations to inter- And lastly, as an exponpnt of the
dressed there will be on the a•crage
four contradicting replies. With this rupt the music and speech. More- middle cours<', is Brown's lodge friend
over, it is probable that more than B urrows. Burrows was givl!n a sin·
preamble, wWch more or Jess will

THE RADIO CENTER OF NEW YORK excuse the apparently contradicting

statements to be made. the follow·
Ing paragraphs will attempt to sim·
one broadcasting station would be
heard si.multanrously, lllUs destroy·
Ing the programmes of each.
glP tubt' rE>Ct>ivcr by an appreciaUve
relative and since its coming has
paid out only a few pennies for up·
THE LARGEST AND MOST COMPLETE STOCK pllfy tl.te selection or the first set keep. His s1>t Is operated from dry
cells and so rar he bas used the -set
OF STANDARD, RELIABLE AND TESTED for the man. woman or child who How to Se.lect the Receiving Set. two or three evenings a week for
b.as yet to go through this interest·
Jn order to rorm some basis on four months and IL sepms to work as
Ing e.x perience.
which the pros pective purchaser of well as ever. Ile hears the city sta-
RADIO APPARATUS and PARTS There are two general classes of
radio receiving equlpm1>nts. The
a radio sPt may base his selection, tions loud and clear, and one nigbt-
let an imaginary Instance be con- he always relates this accomptish-
IN GREATER NEW YORK classification is made according to
ceivPd.1 Rrown- the man's name-- men.t wbenev('r hi!! friends com·
the type of detector ulilized in the
lives illty miles rrom a city, such as m ence their radio fanning be~ne
ouUit, namely crystnl or vacuum
Honest and Dependable Merchandise ; tube, and while some receivers with
Chicago or Nrw York. wher!! lherr night hr happenPd to be listening tn
ar p several broadcasting stations of around midnight when, lo and bf>·
At Prices That Are Right crystal detectors have and are selling
at h.ighe r prices than somr brands
high power. Re has heard about hold, he heard a man's voice saying,
radio from Ws (riends and bas d~ "This is Station WBAP, Fort Worth,
of sets with vacuum tube detectors,
cided that he must get a set for hlm· Texas."
WE HAVE ALL THE HilRD-TO-GET RADIO SUPPLIES the crystal set is us ually considered
the cheaper and simpler.
self and family. nut as usual each "Eight hundred and filty-si.x mlle11
of his friends has an l df>a of his O\\"n. by air linl'," he adds, "and with a
The simplest receiving sPt that
Jones uses a crystal set anrl hears single tub!', too."
Let Us Answer Your Radio Problems could be employed would consist of
a collector wire called an aerial or
two stations more or less regularly. ts It any wonder that Brown is
Free Instruction by Acknowledged Expert HP paid $18 for the complete oullit. radio perplexed? One friend recom·
antenna, a small coil or wire wound
including enough wire ror an an· mends the $18 outfit and the other
on a pasteboard or other insulating
tcnna 150 feet long and 40 feet blgh. Uie $250 sel.
tube, a l>iec~ of lead ore, callrd
Electric Service Engineering Co. galena, a telephone r<>ceiver and a
connection to a handy cold waler
pipe. Such an array of equipment
-"Buy a set li ke min!!," says Jones.
"You'll bear the two best stations
around here. You won't have to buy
If the bewllde1·rct man could talk
wif.h a broadminded, unbiased radio
expert thls would be the gist o! the
105 West 4 7th Street Telephone Bryant 2743-2744-2030 New York City could be purchased complete for $2, a storage battery or dry cells. talk:
There are n o tubes to bu.rn ouL" How much do you want t o spend
but its ability as a r eceiver of radio-
Adams, Ws n ext. door neighbor, is on a raclio si>I? Yes. I know you
phone broadcasts is not considerable.
a man of means. And now, after want to spend as much as is neces-
E\·en with an antenna of high quality
 Manual Rad i o Manu a l 5
4 R. a dio
eary to gel a good oulfit. But how thPm until all non·essentials have The beginner finds that the multi-
much could you put ou t right now been eliminated. Complete control plicicy oC clials i!' Lerrifying. After
KEY TO SYMBOLS OF APPARA.TUS without missing H? Do you want lo is st>currd with thc minimum numbcr a so~d iR Cinally heard in Lhe 'phones
spend $250, as Jones did? No? or knobs and dials. the poor man is al a total loss as to

Alterno.tor--------~-@- No Connecti o n - -- + WeU, would $100 be too much? Slill

a Utlle high? All right, let's com-
The "shoddy" set, on lhe other
hand, is more apl to be hoU!1ed In a
his next move. Five or more dials
confront him. W11lch shall be turn!
promise on $65. Fine. Now listen to H e takes a chance, reaches for one or

Ammeter------ -@- Coupled Coils - - - - -] [

me. them, twists It ever s o slightly-a

r
hiss. a squcal, IL cluck and the
The Handy Man Can sounds disa1niear. Whatever be does

Antenna------------- ~ or Variable Coupling---- ] { Build Hia Set.

If you were a mechanic or were
from Lhat point on brings no results,
so he turnis everything off and starts
again from zero.
b andy with tools. could read simple Finally if through sheer persist-
Arc ------------ ---------=1 Crystal Oetecfor----- - I• drawings ancl follow instructions en ce he brings in a station so that
_J at must of necessity be semi-tech- It is more or less plain he discovers

Battery------------- -ti 111( 1~ 6a1vanometer---·-- -@- nical, you could build your own set
from purchased pa r ts. The com-
pleted set would be twice as exten-
t.hat the slightest movement or his
hand or hody dis torts the sounds
Into squeail:l or dh•ergcnt. pitches.
sive In scope as a purchased set for And any radio man-beginner or ex-
Bu33er -------------- ~ Gap, Plain----------- ._ oi: ~ +- the same money. Not twice as pert-will tell you that there is
good; I don'l wanl you to ge t Lhat m igh ty llttll' enjoyment in listening
idea. It might nol be haH as good. to a concert while holdi.ng the hands
Condenser ----------~~ or -C::J- Gap ,quenched------- -illllllll~ 'Twould all depend on the degree or and body in a rigitl position.
skill you used In assembling and se- One of lhe N ewer Sets. F lashlight P erhaps this little story will em-
_J_ lecting the parts. Whal I mean is Batteries Oper a t e the Tubes.
phasize Uw impartance of making
Yariable Condeflser- ----* Ground---------- =- that with the $65 you could buy a sure lhat a radio receiving set Is a

Connection of Wire&--
'
+ 5wt·+c h
I DP.
• • 0 ' T •---------- _ . ...
-4 /
"'...._
._
r eceiving set having one Yacuum
tube, batteries, head 'phones, and an-
tenna material, wbllo !or the same
amount expended in parts you could
beautifuJ cabinet and eqnipped with
more dials than lhe s wi tchboard of
a submarine. If anything, th.is tyve
of set is liable to be the larger or
good one. ft also emphasizes the
a dvantage of paying a bit more for
the samt> k Ind or set in order to
got one which is fool-proof.

Inductance ---- --- ~

. . Switch , Reversin9---- :>f< assemble a set consisting or two
vacuum lubes, the same batteries a nd
antenna wire, and so forth. a two
the two. for ils builders know Utat
the Cew extra dollnr!l spent on a
To gel bark to that $65 wblcb is
waiting lo be spept for a receiver.
In company with an expert the pro-
larger panel and a slightly larger
} ------~orJ' ~\. Telephone Rece\ver-----60
tube set, you know, ls belter for dis- spective owner goes to a rad io shop
Va riable tance and for loudness. The second cabinet make an inflnitely betl17 im
Inducto.nce · · ·t__ t\lb e magnHi1>s, or, as they say in the prcssion on the newcomer. and findi; that he can buy a single-
The "all-wool" set can be taken t ubt> receiving art complete with a
~
trade, amplifir11 the sound as It pair of hen(! 'phones and all the nec-
Key------------------ - _...-A_ Telephone } ------- comes from the Cirst tube. home, connected to an antenna and
Tran5miiter ~ But I know you bo.ve not had the ground and made to work, merely essary batteries for $40. The set
has l wo or p erbll ps three controls.
by rollowing the few instructions that
training that would make it advisable This price includes a hundred feet ot
come with it.. Sb: months Ia trr the
Re&i&tance'or Leak ----A/V\N\/'- Thermoelemen_t-----JL tor you to assemble a receiver of strandr d copper wire, some heavily
this type. So you should buy one in!;ulated wire. several porcelain In-

e~1&1 a nee }----- ---~ Transformer------::@:.~111[

complete. sulators a nd a funny looking device.
Vi
Rario_fle · - - - - +...:..._ ,, With $65 to spend, you should for-
callet.l a ligh tning arres ter.
gec a ll about the crystal type of re-
The expert explai ns that thls r e-

~or~
c ei ver. A vacuum tube set is your
5witch. 5.P 5 T.-- ---- ___. ~
cri ving set uses a vncuuin tube whJcb
Vacuum Tube ------ oal has a filament lighted by an ordi-
nary dry ceil-tbe kind of battery

Switch ,5. P. D. T.----- - --. _........_ Voltmeter-------- -- -©- Beat Receivers Are the
Sim pleat.
that ~s t.he door bell a t home.
This fC'a ture makes it unnecessary to
buy a bulky and expensive storage
. , __./ Suppose you get out among
the shops and sec the radio sets on ·battery.
Switch , D. P 5 . T.------- __/::: Magnet -.- - ---------~-- IR sI display. For one thing you "l\;ll be
T he Ideal Set Contains a

~
surprised at the \\ide range of prices
Loud Speaker .
Vanometer ------- -- - Elec+roma9net------- 1(~-J''i • for what seems to you to bP identical
With only $40 s p<'nl there remains

Tunrng ----~~··
s ets. The similarity is the same as
ls round in the clothing industry. A Self-Contained Set. The Loop a balancr or $25. U the buyer ls a
Slt cie
Induction Coil------ .'~
T here are suits of wool and suils of of Wire in th e Top of lhe family man t hen! Is only one answer
Coil shoddy. To the mar. in the street Cover l s the Anten na. to thLc; riddle, viz.: us r the money to

Multipl_e Point
5w1tch ---------------
!! 6 6l
~
:
there appears to be no difference be-
tWefln the two goods. Bul time and
wear soon cliiferentiate between
set will sti ll be working, even better
if anything.
bny a second pair or head-phones. A
loud speakt>r cannot, as a rule. be
opt>ratcd from a receiving set hav-
them. The "shoddy" set ~Ives no trouble ing only onl' vacuum tube. hence 1f
The "all-wool" radio sets are usu- as Car as fundamenta l connrctions there is more than one person in the
Choke Coi l ------ -- · OO:Jm?' ally lhe simplest in construction and are concerned but whl'n it comes to famHy U1ere will be freq'!ent calls
d esign. Skilled engineers have "cut" operating it--. for two sets of 'phones. Two sets can
 6 Radio . Manual Radio Manual i

be attached to a single recelvPr with· continent, Is brought in al loud In gtneral the use or a single stage
out reducing che strPngtb of lhe sfg·
nals or affcccing the tone.
In the preceding paragraph a state-
ment was made concerning tho use
speaker volume.
The answer is simple. These am ...
pllfyfng tubes are not specialisLS in
their ffe>ld. They refuse Lo b e se-
of radio freq uency am1.1llCicatlon Is
n ot consider ed warranted by the r e-
Slllts obtalne>d. This Is due to the
fact that when radio frequ ency is em-
'·The Aerial and the Ground
o! a loud speaker on a radio r e- lectlve. They amplify everything ployed it is seldom advisable to ulil-
ceiver. The ideal set, It should be that comes along. And not only that, ize tl)e regenerative feature. That How to Select the Proper Type and Location-How to Ar-
mentioned here, incorporates a loud but frequently they ampllfy undesir- is, s ince lhe effect produced in a cir·
speaker. In the beginning the head able sounds In greater proportion cuit by r egene ra tion clashes with the range for Stringing the Wires and Installing the Precau-
'phones are satisfactory enough, but than broadCl!St sounds. action of the same circuit when radio
as the first n ovelty wears off there T hen agaln the tubes theIDEeh·es frequency is being employed, the re- tionary Measures Demanded by Insurance Companies.
will come a desir<' tor a loud speaker. are not slle>nt in operation. In the generation must be ellmlnated. But
H ead 'phones require the liMeners to very act of amplifying the sounds the increase in signal stre ngth w ith The problem of the antenna, once is against It, while No. 18 Is so small
sit near the set and conveisaLion is they producl' other sounds which are one stage of radio frequency ampllfi· a serious one, is no longer such a / ,,sufo.fo,.., that a \\ind storm Is apt to ruptllre
impossible. then passed on to the following tubes. cation iS not quite equal lo that ob· determining factor in radiophone re· it. If lhe wire Is Insulated so much
Providing that the owner lives where tlley arc further amplified tained with regeneralfon. Therefore, ception. Better methods of trans· the better. The lni;ulat.fon Is helpful
within 25 miles oi a powerful broad- along with lhP vocal and instru- 'say experlll, why drop ooe thing to mission, higher power at the trans· rath er than harmful, except in so far
casting station, a loud speaker may mental sounds which originated in utilize another \Vhich Is not so satis- mltting stations. and more efficient Ena ol' Ile,; a-I. as it adlls to the weight.
be used on a receiver comprising the detector tube. factory? receivers have made of the antenna The antenna should be insulated at
two bulbs, that is, a detector bulb But this objection do es not hold in one of the lesser pares of a r eceiv- its ends with s pecial Insulators.
and a second bulb to ampli!y the Ampl ification Limited to every instance. The s ingle step of ing set. U~uaUy these arc of porcelain or of
detecti.ng sounds . But for g eneral Two Stages. radio frequency aropllfication will There was a time when the an- a fibrous t~xture. Ordinary cleats
purposes and Lo use the loud s peakar h elp but little on local s tations, but tenna had to be as high as possible If J.ea.d In or knobs s uch as are used in wiring
It has been found through exten-
"' on stations a hundred or more miles It will assist greatly on signals from any !rind of receiving was to be donP. the hous e are suit.able for this work.
sive trial s Lltal two stages of <impli· Hen·,..t
away, two amplifying bulbs are ad· distan t stations or o., weak impulses Bulnow, in thellhrasing of the times, When placing the anten na end in a
tfcalfon after the detector are the
visable.
Because of the foregoing facts
limit. Beyond thal tho foreign sounds
from ne>arby stations. This last
named feature comes in .handily
"anYthing goes." An outside aerial sala.1-on~ tree arrange to have the Insulator
works best and will g"ive the loud· well away from the branches, other-
begin to w cdominate and drown out
there are few receiving sets made when an outside antenna is not pos· est signals, but if the radio en· wise Its exact position Is lmmaterial.
the musical notes.
'with two bulbs. After the single sible. In such cases a loop of wire cbusiast lives in an apartment house After the antenna comes the lead-
, This amplification by the two tubes
bulb set comes the three-tube set. containing about n1ne> ty fe et of con- with no access to Lhe roor or in a in. This is another wire similar in
which follow the dPtecLor does not
The three-tube outfit may consist ductor arranged in the Corm of a crowded section of tbe city or town size and compos ition to the main
represent the ultimate limit in the Conlltr4Jr:--lion ol -!ht!
or vacuum tubes that are operated square will absorb so little energy where a stretch of wire is ou t oC t he wire. To make the connection be-
ma gnification of radio signals. By ller1a.l.
from a storage battery or the three that the detector-a sluggish lndi· question, he may still enjoy radjo tween the two scrape a place bare on
the s~·stcm or "radio frequency am·
tubes may all be or the dry cell type, vidual- will negl ect to catch it But broadcasts. nol only or local stations the main wir e and bare one end or
plification" the l'lectrical impulses
with one dry cell attached to each if a stage of radio frequency Is in- but from distant stations as "ell, be followed: Keep the wire away the lead-in. Twist th e lead-in tightly
as thf'y enter the re>ceirtng set may
tube. terposed b etween the antenna and merely by utilizing one of the other from trees. If a tree Is used for one around the main wire at least ten
be amplified many times before they
Tbe three-hLbe receiver is an ex- the detector this anemic en ergy will Corms of antenna. end-support arrange the wire with times. Make a neat and e!fective job
strike the de>t<'ctor. This form of
ceptionally good one Ior th<' avera.g e be magnified and made virile e nough The ideal antenna still r e mains as a rope so that it hangs free and of It by arranging each turn close
high frequency amplification may be
ini>tallation. If the unit is well de· to operate th e detector. of old: a single wire a s high as pos· clear of the branches. beside Ute preceding turn. When
continued through two lo live or
signed, this set when used with an There are excellent rece iving sets sible and as long as the wave length completed solder if possible. A hot
even ten or more stag<'~. Uniortun-
outside antenna should enable the on the market using one stage of will permit. &e<:t Antenna. Ft°ee' of Tree• and soldering Iron healed over the gas
ately, howevt'?r, this method or am-
owner after a little experience to radio frequPncy amplification, a de· The length of the antenna Is de- stove and rushed out to the antenna
pllfictlion is not so efficient nor s o Wil'ea.
hear on the loud speaker all broad· te>ctor and two or three stages of termined by th & shortest wave ICllgth beforo it cools will do the work.
productivr of Increased volume as th e
casting stations withtn 100 miles md audio frequency amplification. The to be received. , 1.n broadcasting cir- Never run an antenna under or Otho.i;- wlse a blow torch Is n ecessary.
"audio ·rrequ e ncy am plification." Tlie
on the 'phon es all stations within cost completP with tubes a nd bat· cles this is now about 250 mete rs. over other wires. One of the wires Place a little solderi.ng flux or paste
llml tatlon Is presented by the design
1 ,000 miles. tPries varies from $125 to $200. To work efficiently the natural may break and drop across the other, on the joint, hold U1e iron beneath
or vacuum tubes. As this limiting
l n the majority of three-tube sets wave leng th of the antenna should cnusl og an unknown amount of dan1- the joint, and touch tbe strip or
feature is studied and th1; tubes are
provision ls made for the u se or be something less than thh1 !lgure. age. solder co the wire as it Is heated.
Improved the use of radio frequency R eRex R eceivers Build Up
either one, two or three tubes accord· R oughly, the fundamental wave If electric light wires are near the lf ft Is not possible to solder the
amplification wm increa se. And as Energy.
ing to the strength ot signals desired. length or any single v.ire an- antenna ft is best-but not absolutely joint, ,,,.ap it tightly with tinfoil and
the amplification incre>t1ses, the effi-
The change from one to the other Still anoU1er type of r eceiver Is the tenna can be figured by multiplying essen tial-to place the antenna wire then cover thoroughly with several
cl<-ncy of the set will increase. local
combination is effected by the sim- rellex r ecl'iver, so called because of •. its length-to which must be added at right angles to the other. U this layers of rfcctrfclans' Insulating tape.
stations will be rece>iv,ed with gre.aler
ple insertion of a small plug much the Cacl that the energy from the the length of the lead-in wlre and that is not done> the r eceiving set is apt This will be etrectfve tor several
\'Olume on fewer lubes and distant
like that used by the tele phone ope r- antenna does not pass In progressive of the ground connection-by the lo bum continually, due to magneLic months.
stations now too weak to be heard
aLOr on a telephone switchboard. stages from detector through the n umber 1.4. This will give the re- induction. A still better way to arrange for
will come in as loud as local stations
Some sets are even arranged so that audio frequency am plifiers, but in- sult in melers. Thus, if the lengths Choice of wire for the antenna the solderfess lead-In Is to make the
do now.
the insertion of the plug auto- stead is passed back and forth from of antenna, lead-in and ground com- need not be a serious problem. Al· antenna and lead-in in one piece.
matically extinguishes the vacuum one stage to thoiw preceding It. By bine to give 100 feet, lhe wave most any k ind will do. Even iron This merely means that the con-
tubes that are not in use. Uae of Radio Freq ~cy
so doing a gre>ater amplltfcaUon is length would be 140 meters . The re- wire has been known to make a ductor should be run through an
At first thought it may seem Amplification.
possible without additional tubes. fore it can be seen that the very workable a.erial. Stranded copper Jns1Llalor at the house end, tied
strange that the amplification of sig· During the lasl ye>ar the number since each tube ls amplifying at longest antenna must not have a wir e Is best, copper clad is next and around the insulator "''Ith a short
nals is not continued beyond the two or receiving seU; using one or more both radio and aud io frequencies. length greater than 175 feel. Usually solid copper the easiest to obtain. piece of' wire lo prevent a back and
amplif)'ing tubes. The novice may stnges of radio frequency amplifica- As would be expected, the success- this means that the main portion of Any s ize Crom No. H to No. 18 will forth movement, which would even-
wonder why this strengthening or tion In conjunction with one or two ful operation of a r e flex receiver de- the antenna cannot bP greater than do. No. 16 is ideal, because of Its tually cut through the copper by
signals ls not continued by adding stages of audio frequency amplifica- pends on the exact and proper ad- 125 feet in length. ample surface and its medjum friction, and the n carry the wire
tubes until even the weakest sta- tion has increased. It is this typP justment of the apparatus In each If it is possible to set up an outside weight. No. 14 will give more sur- directly to th e lightning protector.
tion, perhaps those clear across the of set which now will b e discussed. separate circuit. antenna a few s.imple rules s hould face and is stronger, but its weight There Is always some discussion
 8 Rad 1 o Manua l R. a d 0 Manua l 9

as to the best type of anlenna to wave lt'ngtb slightly, which is a T hls ground wire should be at least
use; that is , whe l her it shouhl be
perfectly flat, whether it s hould
slopE! up or down, and wheU1cr i1
shollld be pointed in any panicula r
benefit rather than a handicap.
Every outside an tenna should have
a lightning protector, n ot lo lake
ca r e or direct lighting strokes, but
Xo. !l in size. ·• , •
Bring another wire from the light-
ning protector in through a porcelain
The Crystal Set
tube into the house. The hole for
direction. In reaiity the best type to drain the antenna of accumulatec.J th.is tube may be drilled straight
of aµtelpla for r adiophone 1·eceplion charges that appear th ere winter and through rhe clapboards or siding or How the Sim plest Receiv ing Set Operat es, When It Should
is the one that is easiest lo erect It may be bored through the window
An antenna that is 35 feet high at casing. The bole should slope up- Be U sed, and H ow a Workable Outfit Can Be Made
its lartbest end ao<l 15 feet high al wards so that water from tbe wire
its lowest end will be no better nor
worse than one which is 35 feet high
will n ot drain in through the tubing.
This is the wire which leads to the
a t H ome With a Few Tools.
along its entire kngth. antenna post on the receiving s et.
In en tering upon the radiophone as with some suitable r eceiver. All t.hnt for maki ng this connection is 1.hrough
As for di rection, this is anotlle1·
a hobby, the beginner is confronte<l is necessary is an aerial, whicb for the use of a standard ground clamp,
subject that allows considerable lee-
with a tremendous problem in lhP 1.h:is, pill-pos<> may be a single wire which can be ptu·chased from a ny
way. Certain types or antenna are Ground Wire Should Be Short as
choice of apparatus. He may buy elevated twenty or more feet off the electrical or radio shop for a few
directional, but this directional effect Possible . the parts ;md build hts own receiv ing ground and c:1.'tending about 100 cents. In homes where a m eter
r efers more lo the minimum signal
From the ground binding post of set and transmitter; he may lmy lhe fpet. The use of Urls aerial or an- measw·es the water the meter should
than the maximum signal strength. sepaTale pieces of apparatus, all fin-
the set carry a wire about No. 1! in t enna. is to absorb the en ergy in the be short-circuited. as show n in the
1f there is a navy station near ~Y ished and ready to be connected with sketclJ, us ing h eavy wire, about No. 4.
size to the n earest and best ground. t ransmirt ed radio wave . concentratro
ll would be best to place the an- other instruments to form a complelP
This will probably be a cold water Should there happen lo be o ther
tenna so that it runs at right angles set; or he may buy a complete re-
pipe. But if the n ear est cold water water pipes near where the firsc
with the compass direction of rhis ceiving set and s ending scl wired
pipe ls 20 feel or more away and ground is ma de, it would be advisable
station. ready to be used.
there is a s team or hot waler to connect Lhem till with co11per wi res
rat:btor nearer utilize that. Or- lf the average beginner is only or strips. This would increase the
dinarily the effec tiveness of these inter ested in radi_ophone r eceiving efficirncy or the ground.
Lightning Protector Belongs on t h e service and does n ot care LO be
heating systems as a ground does Under certain circumstances it i s
O utside. not rank wiU1 that o! a cold water troubled with even an elementary n ot un <'HSY task co find a goo<l
pipe, but the advantages in the latter knowledge or radio, then by all ground. especially in rural districts.
But the beginne1· should not think
that be is to gain greater signal are overbalanced if the ground wire means the simplest. l)'Pe of radio On e form can be made by taking an
flow the Antenna Wire l<; Connected must be more t han 20 feet In length al)paratus is urged. In that even t it olc.J wash boiler and s olc.Jeri ng lhe
strength by pointing hi:i wire at a
to the Insulator. to reach it. is w ell to p urchase a complete n~ ground wire to one of the handles or
particular s tation. That station
Use heavily ·Insulated wire for the ce ivi ug :;el already wiretl ancl as com- sides. Tl1e boiler should Lhen be
would be received wilh lhe samP
ground and attach it t o the pipe in pact and self-contained as possible. su nk a few feet in the ground or,
a pproximate s trengU1 if the antenna
su=er . Insurance companies r e· t he same mann er as the lead-in was Such a set need onl y be connected The Galena Cr ystal Requires a Fine better srill, lowered into an a ban-
w ere to be pointed 60 degrees away
Quire this pro tection and good sense a t tached to the aerial. A ground to the aerial and ground fo r imm!'- Conlact Wire. tloned well. Should it happen that
from the straight line connecling U1e
dema nc.Js it. The co:=L is little an<l clamp, purchasable al any electrical diate rcs11lts. none or these grounus ca11 be utilized
receiver with Lhe transmitter.
In connecting the lead-in to the the self-satisfaction is immense. Buy store, will simplify the ground con- n the J;iyumn wish es to do a liltle it and r edirect it into the receh-ing there is t he cistern or v.~ter pump in
one that has been approved by the nection. experimenting and ther l'by masU>r th<' yard to which tl1e ground wire
antenna, if the two are separate. a11paratu11. The aerial upon being
Board of Fire Unuenvriters. The slowly the theory and data or radio c:.1 n be soldered.
erected should never be l onger than
announc ement will be found on the it will be wPll ror him to purchasP As will be explained in detail fur-
150 f eel. There is no advantage in

~
outside of the bo:x and also on the se11arate raclio wilts. each one com- ther on, the receiving S"'t lo use de-
running a longer wire. for the s im-
arrester. Pul it up accordi ng to ple r eason that th e wave lengths of
specifications an<l Ior~N that there
ever was such a thin~ as lightning. ..: .
,.Load/119 Coils radiophone stations lie berween 285

You won't need to b.: told to k eep ~ hxxx~ and 492 rurte rs and it is best to havl'
lhe natural pl:'riod of the ae r ial u~
away from the rl'Ceiling seL dllrlng neru· as possible t o the average of
a thunder storm. 'fh !' noises tha l these values.
I hen will be present ure the best
Sl1onld U1e a erial be longer than
assurance Lhat you will sllun it at 150 feet it will be n ecessary to iu-
such times. fiert a vaTiable condenser in Sf'ries
If the radio mau lives in a thickly \vith the antf'nna to Jower thP wavf'
popu lated and built-up section h e is length of the a er in L This o ft times
permitted to place thll' protector In- decreases the efficiency of the set.
CONN~C TIOHS side the house, but it is by far the When placing the aerial in position
FOR
LIC HTHING
best policy to place it on the outside lhe ends should be wdl ins ulaLed by
SWITClf i f it is in any way JlOSi>ible to do s o. The Perikon Detector Consists of attaching i>mall anlenaa insulators a Carborundum Works Best WiU1 a
Dui!d a small box, cover the top and .,,. Two Minerals in Contact. Frw f eet from tlle extremWes. A Stiff Point.
sides with tar paper or oilcloth, and Higher Wave Lengths Are Reach- well insulated a erial will exhib it n
place the protec tor inside. Bring the ed by A dding Leading Coils. plele in itself, hut arranged to pe1 great gain in efficiency, especiall y pends entirely on the distance be-
lead-in to the box a nd carry a wlre mit its use w ith other units. when seek.Ing stations at long dis- tween the r eceiving station and the
from t he proper binding ppst on the Some manu iacturers to-day offer tance. broadcasting station. Thus, within n
follow out the same idea. Make the protector straight down to the Kee p away · Crom gas pipes a.s the parts for a complete rece ivi ng set, Aside from t his simple aerial a twen ty-five mile range a simple
connection where it is handiest. If ground. The best ground tor thii:; grounds. . Too often there is an in- thus taclli laling lhe work or the man ground connection is essential. In crystal r eceiving set will do. Be-
this point ls 20 feel awa,· from the purpose is a pi pe 6 feet long driven sulating bushing n ear the gas m eter wllo builds his own receiver. ...:ilies ,r towns an exceJlen t. ground yond t his range and up to sC'venly-
near-end make it there. T he only ef- inLo fue earth with the wire from which 11reven t.s the gas pipe from Radiophone service of the presen t ronnection cnn be made wi th w ater fi ve miles n bet.tPr r PC'eiving set, with
!ect will be lo reduce the fundamental thr protPctor S"curely FOldered Lo it. being a 1·f'a.l "ground." ta available lo every one provided and steam pipes. The best means ~torage battery or dr) cfllls tu oper·
 Rad~ o Manu a l 11
IO Radio M a nual
times a variable condenser connected shellac. The primary tube is wound useless, since they would rub against

l
a te the vacuum tube drtrclor which rrovldcd with some means for vary- with a compass draw a ci rcle equal the inside or th e p r imary tube. There
In t he ground lead will be found to with one layer of number 22 single
replaces U1e cl'ystal dell'Ctor used for ing lhe number or turns or wire to the Inside diamete r of the tube. is another reason. The end or the
sharpen the twiing. cotton cover ed wlre for about six
shorter ranges. It musL be under- which ar<' to be us!'d. Within the bounds ol this circle 0 11 inches of the primary tube, leaving secondary tubing is fitted with a
Still greater selectivity 1n tuning
stood that crystals are i;ood only ror A method of varying the number both ends fit a crosspiece. Drill o.n e
may be obtained by using a loose a clearance of about one Inch at wooden head carrying a knob and
a range of approximately twenty-fi ve of turns Is a sliding contact wWch one-eighth Inch hole in the two cor- switch points connected to the tapped
coupler or variocoupler. either end. A thin eoat of shellac
miles. moves over a path scraped bare along ners ot each end piece. ln these will s erve lo bold Ule winding in secUons . It is more convenient
After erecting the a erial a nd secur- the turns of wire. The adjacent boles flt Ule bludlng posts, the posts to bring the taps to this head from
p lace.
ing a good ground· the next step is "· Ires must, of course. be Insulated proje<1ling from Ule side opposite to Princ; iple and Const.r uc:tion of
While or orange shellac can be Ule inl!lde than from the outside of
to consider the r eceiving equipmenc trom each other and the proper con- that occupied by the cross pieces. Loose Coupler. used if thinned down with a little the tube. Two binding posts make
The s implest receivins set comprises tact accorded between slider and Kow put the ends on Ule coll, in· Although a little more complex in wood alcohol. connection with two fle.x ible leads.
a crystal detector an d telephones. wire. sen the one-eighUl inch brass rod construction than t he tuning coil, the T he winding of Ule secondary con· There aro two brass rods for the
The detector is a device which Uuough the centre holes and screw sists of a tapped winding about fou r secondary tube to s lide on. The
changes the Crequency of the incom· Makine the Tunine Coil for up the nuts until Ule coll and the
Crystal Seta. inches in length wound with numl.Jer primary ls, of course, suitably
ing waves Crom radio frequency to ends make a firm unit. Connect the 24 single Collon covered wire. The mounted on end pieces and p rovided '
aud io frequency, so that 1t may be lo con11Lructing t he tuning coll first right band end of the coil to blndlng beginning and end ing of the second· with a rod and slider. Two rods and
hPard In the telPphon<' rec•'lvi>rs. s!'curl' a cardboard tube about three post G and also connect post G wiUl a ry coll should b e brought to two sUders can be used, alUlough Ulere
Whllr the crystal dPlt'ctor is far inches In diameter and eight Inches post 2. Drill one-eighUl inch holes laps, as shown in the illustralion. is bul slight advantage in so doing.
morr sen:;ith•e U1an the earllrr ronns long The cartons containing cracker one qua rter Inch from each end of Ther e should bl Cour other taps
of dett>ctors employt-d 1lurlng the dust or oatmeal are quite suitable. the slider rods. Put the sliders on
J ionef'r days of radio, It Is not nearly Next purchase about one-half pound the rods. Fasten one s lider on the • W ind in&" the Tubes.
as errlcient as th e v~cuum tube, of nUll11.Jer 22 single cotton covered t op and one on th e s ide of the coil.
which Is l'Xplained al anot'.o r plac.. wire and two pieces or wood five Connect the top slide r rod wlUl bind- One t hing that must b e watched
in Lhe Manual furth er on. However, lnche;; i;quare and on('-balf Inch thick. ing post marked A. and Ule slide rod when winding the tubes is the direc-
lbe c rystal detec to r is itH' xpensive t he latter being nneded for the end with post 1. The instrument is now tion of the winding . The two coils
and may be used with the s implest supports. complete. Its func tion is to adjust s hould be wou nd in the same direc-
equipment. Another ad\•an lagr Is Duy two brass rods . one quarter the wave length of your set to the tion. The wires should travel a s
Ulat with most of the crystals used Inch square by nine inches long, and wave length of the transmitUng sta- though the winding was carried out
to-day no baueries are required. two sUdcrs to fit t he rods. Secure also tion. Dy moving the slides. thereby on one coil and the t11be cut In two
Details of Secondary Taps later on.
The s implest r"ceiver. therefore, one one-eighth inch round brass rod addi ng to or subtracting from the
consist!! of a ground and untenna nlno and one-half inches long, number of turns ot wire in the cir-
connected to a crystal de tector and threaded for a short diRtance at cuit, the inductance. which Is one of
loose coupler ls superior to it In taken rrom points in betw een the Descript ion of the Variocoupler
~ pair of ht'ad t<'lephones In parallel. both t:>nds and utted with nuts. Four the wave length determining factors.
many ways. Finer tuning anu clos»r t wo taps mentioned.
At short distance from a powerful binding posts and four round head is accordingly Increased or dlmln· Thr t can1re or the varlocou pler ls
ished. This tuning coil will give a coupling is possible. This means the employment ot the rotor for the
broadcasting station t his outfit is brass wood screws co1111Jlete the list
of nec<'ssary parts. wave length range from 200 meters greater selectivi ty and less interrcr- Method of T apping the Coupler i:econdary In place or the sliding
satisfactory, but wh<'re t wo or more
The lnsulaLing tub<' Lo; first given to about 600 meters. ence from p owerful stations. Signnls T a11s are ta ken from tho s1>condary coil. The rotor, which is ball shaped,
stations are in operation some
a coat of hii;h grad~ sh<'llac. Wben Two sliders on the coil will permit are some what s tronger because or in a differen t manner than usual. In· is mounted so that it can be revolved
mea ns must be added whereby th e
I.his becomes "tacky," the wire greater selectivity; In fnct, the tuner tbls selectivity. ' s tead of bringing the tap out on the through ninety degrees to change the
r eceiver can bE> made seleclive or, a s
should be wound on. Begin one- then operates llke .an auto trans· The loose coupler may be classed sw·face or the tube, a hole is punched coupling between the primary a nd
the act is described , tuned.
half inch from the c>nd and wind on former. the turns between ·t he a erial a s an Improved type of tuning coil. at the P8inl or tapping and a loop ot secondary winding. This acts t he
There are several methods oC tun·
lbe wirl' evenly until a point is slider and the ground end of thP. It has two windings, primary and the wire Is forced inside of lube and same as withdrawing the secondary
ing devlct:>s no w in use. One of thPse
reached one-half inch from the other coil considered as the primary and secondary. T he primary or outer draw-n out for about six inches . The from t he primary, as was done In the
is the inductance coil, which consi~Ls
end. Another th in coat of shellac the turns from the ground end of coll is u sually wound on a cardboard
of fifty or more turns or wire wound
will bold Ule w ir e in pine<'. Find the the coil to the othe r end or the slider or composition tubi.n g with a large
In a single layer on a solid tubt>,
exact centre of the end pieces and considered as the secondary. Some- sized wire, while the se'condary is
three or four inches in diameter. amt
wound on a s maller tube with the r=:.~:.:-::.r!.- --M~rer
smaller wb-e. The secondary is de·
signed so that it can slide in and
\
,,. .!::;:.,;:=:-=~ ...
'
out of the larger tube or primary. I
I '
'
I I
Main I \ 1101/Se
I I
Conatnac:tinr the Loose
Coupler. .
5_vpply
r
rr""' I
t..~ ~.__._
r~ ~
__,___~
I
r-. ~
..= =---.L..~_._~ ;
.S1.1pp(Y,
'
In constructing the loose coupler rf ~~L~~·y'
-,-..__
-r~..._~
-.--~-·~-ri
.__, /J-'I
two tubes will be needed, one largo - , __ ,
\ . I I

___,,,, ,,.
;--~

one for the prima ry, and one smaller ''

one for the secondary. If a piece of
..... /
~-Clomp
composition tubing ls handy it Is
much better. A piece of tubing meas-
•Y" W.'1.
uring four inches in diameter nnd
about eight Inches long vdll bt:> A Loop of Wire Around the Meter Will Improve the "Ground."
needed. A tu be which will fit in-
side of this tube with a clearance of Joop Js then twisted and the winding loose coupler. Saving In space. to·
l/nlvned Do1.1ble 5/Jde Loose about one-fourth or one-half inch continued tor another half inch, when gethe r 1vlth s implicity or mechanical
5et TcJner Coup/eel will then be needed tor the sec- the tapping Is r epeated. The reason construction, are gained by this
5et ondary. for the man muvre is that the sec- method of vary ing the coupling be-
-:r T'
Both primary and secondary tubes ondary must slide inside Ule pri- tween thE> coils. Jt is not necessary
s.h ould tll"$t receive a good coat of mary tube, and outside taps would be to tap the secon dary coil, as the in-
Four Familiar Forms of Tuning Units for Crystal Sets.
 12 R.adio Manual
R.adio Manual 13
ductance l.s \·aried by other means, receivers employing the loose coupler paralle l to the coil, the wave length
as wlll be later dP.scrlbed. or varlocoupler. Most crystal sets is increased in proportion to lhe device in one direction far more wi th a slight application o{ alcohol. seL When t he buzzer is operated the.
The primary consists of a tube of are of the direct cou pled type, with amount of capacity used. The value easy than in the other. This liquid carries away the grease electro-magnetic waves given off by
fnsulatlng material approilmately the sliding arrangement on the tun- - of the condenser lies in the fine ad· A good crystal will have many sC'n· spols r<'ceived from the finge rs. A the buzier Interrupter are impressed
four inches in diameter and five ing coll. juslment of which il is capable. sitive spots. whereas a poor sample better method is to keep lhe crystal on the receiving set and the detector
inches Jong. It is wound vdth sixty There Is still another element A cry s till detector ore.Ii nartly con- will contain relatively few. covered in an airtight case. can be adjusted for sensitiveness In
turns ot number 22 single cotton cov- other than inductance whlcb Is used sists of a mineral crystal, set in a There are many crystals used for the same manner as though the op-
to vary the wave l engt h. This is suitable cup or clamping device. Con- Tesli nr for Se-itivity erator were searching for a tl'8llSmit·
ered wire. In one ew.n layer. The receiving radiophone signals. The
in Crystal. ting stat.Ion.
winding Is then tapped off on the principal ones are galena, sllJcon.
l-10·20-30-40 and 50th tum. They are carborundum. zinclte-bornile, iron py- For those desi rous of making sure A schematic diagram shows the
tapped oU from one lo the tenth rites anc.I copper pyrites. Some of of their crystal detector adjustment method of connecting the test buzzer
tum. This then will give six taps of these minerals need an external bat· it is best to use what is known as to any crystal receiver.
ten turns each and ten single taps. tery for best acllon, but the majority "the buzzer test." This calls tor a Crystals lose their sensitiveness
The tapping is carried out diagonally do not. Of the different crystals userl small buzzer, such as used In bell easily, due to jars or to powerful
along tbe tube to make it easier to galena or lead s ulphide is probably circuits. Tbe buzzer is con.nected in sJgnals from a nearby station. When·
c11rry connections from the primary the most common. IL requires no lhe usual mnnner with a push but- ever a crysta I is affected. by these
t o the taps on the panel. battery current whatsoever and re· ton and one cell of dry battery, but signals the tuning coils should be
A quarter-inch hole Is drilled quires only a neeJJe-point adjust- a wire is brought out from one side loosely coupled. If t.h ls is done the
through lhe primary tube for the ment. When using this mineral of the buzzer interrupter to the spot on the crystal will r e main sensi-
eecondary shaft bearing. This hole
Tube cleanse the surface once a month ground connection of the receiving tive for a greater length of lime.
should be one-half inch from the
I • I
top.
,
Makin• the Secondary of the I • '
Vviocoupler.
A three-Inch rotor ball should be
Rods and Sl!ders
purchased from a radio s hop. 1t one
cannot get a three-inch rotor ball a ---
- flerio/·, I
piece ot Insulating tubing one and
- }"
one-hair inches long and of such
diameter as to allow it to rotate
freely within the primary tube will
7 ~·
-• :\
suffice. On this should be \\'01md
,- I ,
forty to fifty turns of number 22 or ...
- -
I
~
24 single cotton-coTered magnet wire. 7 ' /

A quarter-Inch shaft is then lni-erted Wire 10

through the hole in the primary and
then through the centre ot the sec-
ondary tube and fastc>.ned with lock Ends __ . 5et
;
I

n uts. The s haft projects through the A G

I o

hole in the primary and a knob and

dial fastened to the shaft end. Con-
necUons from the secondary winding
ls made by pieces of flexible cord
twisted about the sbafl Enough slack
should be left in the pigtall to allow
the secondary to rotate freely inside
of the pr imary through a 180 degree Li91Jtn1i7g
angle. I 2 ,, .. - llrrester
Selection of Part. for
Cryatal Seta. Completed Coil FJllH1
If no provision is made for tuning,
a l'ecelving set must pe rforce be of Detai l View of Parts of Loose Coupler.
a low order of efficiency. Further·
more, all signals come in at lhe !lame capacity. Capacity i!l su1>plied by an tact ls made with the crystal by To G'rovnd
time I! severa l transmitters happen Instrument called a condensc>r. The means o! a snort p iece or springy
to be working in the Immediate vi- condenser may be either fixed or • steel or bronze wire. The crystal is
cinity. By providing the i-hnplest variable. s et in an easily fusible alloy, such as
F.W.
klnd of tuning device the efficiency Various forms of variable condcns· Wooc.ls metal.
of the crystal receiver is immedi- e rs are available, some wit.ll movable The operation of the crystal de· A Lightning Arn:ster on the Outside l s Generally Preferred,
ately Improved. and fixed plates hingec.I so that one teclor Is based upon its unl-dlrec-
There are s everal types or tuning set of plates is moved toward or away Uonal or one- ~ay conductivity. H
devices, most of which were de- from the other set or plates. When the '\\ire or catwhisker be brought
scribed ln the previous pages. We a condenser is placed in series with into contact with an appropriate spot
have explained the one- and two-slide a coll or wire the wave lenglh is r e- on th e surface of the crystal, the high
tun!Dg colls and the inductive coupled duced, and when placed In shunt or frequency currents will traverse the
 Rad i o M a n -u al 15
14 Ra d 1 o M anua l

The Vacuum Tube ·

A Simple Explanation of Its Early Development From the
Original Two-Element Tube and a Discussion
of the Modern Three-Element Tube.
To go into the most minute action corresponds to the filament of a But th.e Insertion of the g:rl.d
of a vacuum tube would require more vacuum t11be and th e metal sheet changed the action of lhe tube com·
space than a treatise of thls nature to the plat e of the tube. This com· pletcly. The incoming energy- the
allows. Moreove r, such treatment bination was first dis covered by signal waves- wer e brough t in on
would be unwarranted, tor when the Thomas Edis on and has since been the grid. The plate and the filament
experimenter arrives at the point known as the Edison effect. A little formed a secondary circuit which
where he must acquJre an intimate late r and Independently, Professor operated normally independent of the
knowledge of t.lle fundamentals of a Fleming in England noticed the same grid circuit. But the grid, being
three-element tube he would naturally action while experime.ntlng on wire- 'placed botween the filament and the
seek one of the comprehensive books less telegraph detectors. H e imme- plate, had the last say in the matter
Oil t.lle subject. The most lhal can diately recognized t he value of the of electron transportation.
be expect ed in these few pages is a phenomenon for the detection of In this respect the grid can be
skeleton outlille o:t the action which radio signals and patented the device considered as an all-powerful gate·
takes p lace within the little glass known as the Fleming valve."' For k eeper. Wben tbe gate opened, the
tube when used as a detector and as several years the Fleming v alve with electrons were free to travel .from
an amplifier. For although there is its filament and plate was considered th e filament to the plate, the in ten·
WD11 UV199 n o outward change when the same the most sensitive detector known. slly of this movement depending
t ube ls made to operate as a detector Even to-day, now that the patents entirely on the degree ol openlng of
or amplifler, the operations them· on the F1eming valve have expired, the gate. When the gate shut against
sel ves are enUrely indepe ndent , firms are making them, a little bett er th e tlood of minutA charges, not a
otherwise it would be imJ;Jossitile for and a. llUJe more sensitive , and sell· 11ingle electron could find its way by
UV200- a tube to function in the circuit ing them t o radio telephone fans to the barrier.
Requires a 6-volt storage battery. known as regenerative. Reflex ac· take the place of crystal detector. It should not be unde.r stood that
Takes 22 volts on the plate. tion also would be impossible and The valve, however, is seldom an thjs gate action is mechanical. T he
Co nsumes one ampere of current. much of the flexibility lll!sociated improve ment over t~e crystal de- act ion is far too rapid for that. The
Used only as a detector.
with the vacuum tube would be miss· tector and bas the added disad· checking was accomplished through
UV201- ing. vantage of requiring a battery to 1:he effect of electrical charges placed
Requlres a. 6-volt storage battery. • When a min ute fibre of metal or operate it. on t he grid by the energy from .the
Takes up lo 150 volts on the plate.
Consumes one ampe re of curr~nt. other r esistance material, such as One O'f the most ardent experl· antenna.
Primarily an amplifier, but used also as a the filament in an electric bulb, is m enters with lhe Fleming valve on As mentioned in a previous para·
de tector. h eated to incandescence, millions of this side of the Atlantic was Dr. Lee graph, a positive charge attracts a
lltUe charges or electricity fly away De Forest. After hundreds of experi· n egative but repels another positive.
UV201A-
Requires either a storage battery or Cour clry from the boiling surface. These ments looking toward a further im· Remembering this, it is not difficult
cells. electrons are negative. Now the prove ment in the valve to adapt it to understand the action which takes
Takes up to 200 volt.s on the plate. terms positive and negative when ap- to radio, Dr. De Forest finally stum· place within a vacuum tube whose
Cousumes onl y one-quarter ampere. plied to any electrical action arc to ~led on the one improvement lliat grid ls connected to an antenna,
Primarily an amplifier , but is also a s ensitive
de tector. a certain extent merely arbitrary. has accomplished more for wireless whose plate is connected to a battery
But, as will be remembered (rom and radiotelephony than ;iny single and whose filament is lighted in
UV199 early experiments with horseshoe invention, not excepting the epochal orde r to produce electrons.
R equires three dry cells.
Takes up to 80 volLS on the plaw. magnets, any metal that Ls charged Armstrong regenerative patent. ~ Dr. Suppose that at the start there ls
Consumes .06 amper e of current. with negative electricity will be at·· De Forest retained the filament an d no energy in the al).tenna. The elec·
A good detector and amplifier. ParticuJarly t racted by the positive pole of the the plate and in addit ion inserted a trons fly off the filament and to the

l
good as a radio frequ ency amplifier. m agnet and vice versa. third element which he terme~ the plat e in a steady unwavering stream.
W D11 • It a sheet of meta.l is now placed grid. The grid is merely a screen through
Requires one dry cell. aroun d the glass tube In which the Heretofore. the Fleming valve which they pass without troubl~. But
Consumes one·guarter ampere. filament glows-the plate may be acted only as a rcctiiler, due to the along comes a series of transmitted I:~
•rakes up to 120 volts on t.be plate. either lnBide or outside-and if this fact that current passed in one direc- waves to the antenna. These waves ~ti
An excellent de tector and radio frequ ency
amplifier. sheet Is connected to a small dry tion from the plate to the filament set up other wave!I in the recehing
The W D12 is t he s ame tube as the WDll ex· battery fu such a way that the posi· with greater ease than from th~ fila- set. These oscilla tions, as they are
ce pt the former is supplied with a standard t ive end of the battery Js nearest ment to the plate. Tilus the oscillat· called because they pass first from
base . UV200 the sheet of metal, the' negative elec· ing come-and-go waves of the enter- antenna to ground and then from
tron.s will be attracted a way from ing signals were retarded when the ground to antenna at a tremendous
the glowing filament at an even direction of mo vement was in one rate, pass on to the grid. First the
The Three Principal Forms of Vacuu m Tubes Used in Receiving Sets.
greater rate. direction and accelerated when the grid is subjected to a pos1tive wave,
The filament in this experiment movement was r eversed. a fraction lat.er to a negative wave.
 R a dio Manual 17

THE RADIO FAN WHO USES Grid

P/ofe

~
~
SAVES

LABOR - MONEY - DISAPPOINTMENT ~

~
YOU, who have achieved the pleuu.re of pcrfe.:t reception and point ....~th pride to
The Leads
the receiving act buih with your own hands, know the importance of correctly
Are Soldered
attaching the leads lo the taps of the variocouplcr ; quite naturally, therefor~,. you
advise your fricnt.I to huy none other than a FISCHER.
•l•l•I• I I I Y•l•l•I• I Y•l•l•I·
I I I '

fWhentJrio'lsnegoflve IWhentiridisposifive
YOU. who have paid dearly for sill: co•·ered wi res and fancy l nmmings and pain·
Quality fully ha\•e learned that they do not increase the efficiency of your vanomcler or Wl!en6rio'1s nevfro/
for variocoupler.-you arc no longer a novice and the si;~n of your c:cpericnce is that
Less · Money you Demand a FISCHER P roduct every tiinc: and of course you see to i t that
your friend buys none other than a FISCHER. 5.Newmon
This Diagra m llluslratet4 t he 'fhree Conditions of t he Vacuum Tube.
YOU. who st ruggled 1hrou1th the experience of huilding se t after ac t, trying one
Unreserved make after another, and were plagued with loose connection• and loose ,,;res, and When the grid Is made pos itive t he through th e 'phones-was constant. and is unsatisfactory ns an am·
Guarantee electrons from the filament are It ctid not ''ary. But as soon as plifier. The U\"201 Is prlmarily
then listened with disgu&t 10 the dealers apolo~y,-you finally found your difficulties
those little impulses from the an- an amplifying iJibe, a lthough l)opular
No enckd by usm:; FISCHER ; dnd L:nowing that FISCI IER ma ke• good his guarantee. drawn at an increased rate through
with s ome experimenters as a de-
the grid to the filament. It is much t en na passed down the wire t o the
Disappoinbnent could you do oth.,rwiae 1han warn your friend to buy none olher thm FISCHER~ grid the placid current in this plate t ector.
as if the electrons wer e running a
gantlet, but Instead of being im· circuit "·as thrown into the wildest The two tubes are Iden tical in ap ·
peded as they pal's down the lane excit<>ment. Each time the s ligh tt>st pearance; the on ly d lffer<'nce in con·
they are given sllg'ht add ed pushes change was brought about the action structlon lies in t he fact that the
which increase thei r s peed. was m ade eYident in the 'phones by UV201 is evacuated to a high degree,
Guaranteed to B ut n ow, n.n Ins tant later, the grid a movf'meo t of the thin diaphragm, whlle the UV200 Is sealed off while
Reach New ls nega tive, and the action is entirely and this 'phonc- diaphragm move· a small vol ume or gas r emains In il.
Wave Bands altered. Nega!lvc r epels nega tive; ment coincided exactly with th e The UV201 i s called a "hard" tube
variation ln th<' waves striking the ~nd the UV200 a "soft'' tube. These
1.hey abhor one ano th<•r. So lile
negative charge on the g rid acts as an tenn a. Thus if these waves formed t erms merely indicate th o degree of
a traffic policeman wi th a "stop" a mesi<age Jn dots and• dash<'5 the vacuum withi n the bulbs.
sign. The electron now is cut off 'phones reproducPd them. 11 th<' in· Because of the gas which remains
ALL FISCHER coming wavf's were p~t of a radio in the uv200. the lul>e requi res a
instantly, the degree of stoppage de-
Products pending on the Intensity of the ']Jhone con cert the 'phones re· much more delicate rontrol to oper·
Designed to Make negati"\"e charge. An lnsta nt later produced the sound of the human ate its action properly. Moreover,
Sharp Tun in g Simple the grid is again positive and the throa t or tha t of the musical instru· . unless adjustra to the !'xact operat-
electrons go their m erry way. m en ts with absolute precision. lng point, the tube Is either insensi-
More FISCHERS G. H. F i s c h e r During this time something m ust Uve lo Ute incoming signals or is
Used Than Any MANUFAC11JRER h ave happened in the wire which DiH e rent T ypes of Vacuum noisy and llarsh and distorts· the
Othe r Make conn ects the plate wlLli the battery. Tubes. sounds.
GJendale. L I. It is in th1s circuit that the 'phones When the radiophone was In It.<; When the UV201 is utilized as a
are placed. IC we had been listening infancy in lMO those interested In detector its control is less delicate,
Radio Clearing House during the experiments just outlined the n ew form of entertainment hart but it does not compare wllh the
Q wilit y tbe various phases or action ot the but two types of vacuum tubes from soft tube in sens!Uvlty.
SOLE DISTRffiUTOR which to make a selection. These Both of t.bese tubes r equire a
P erformance vacuum tube would have been evi-
123 Liberty St.. N. Y. C. dent through the change in sounds. were d1>noted by the terms U\200 source of current with a potential
G uarantee
As long as waV<'S were nol strik· and UY201. Each tube performed a or \"Oltage of 6 volts. This means
Ing the antenna, the current through particular kind of work. T he UV200 that a storage bnctery must accom·
the plate circuit-whi ch also means was and is mainly a. detector tube pany eacll set, and a storage bat tery
 Radio Manual 19

requires some method for recharging Others r r fusP to amplify properly in tector and an unusually good ampli·
It. In addition lo these drawbac ks the second stage unless the voltage tier. lo Ume it Is expected that

lJifrhrrttl
Is that of bulkiness. A storage bal· on the grid of lhal tube is made this tube wUI replace the UV201.
tery, wi lh ils many lf'acl plates, must negati ve by the addition of a small since it performs better and more
of necessity be heavy and bulky. supplementary battery calle d the "C" economically than the talle r.
This precludes the use of t he two battery. When the 201A is used in a circuit
tubes mentioned with any t) pe of Al Clrst the WDll tube wiu; sup- either as detector or amplifier the
Ught weigh t, portable receiving set. plied with a very r;pecial form of resistance of the rheostat which con·
I•
base ror the e xpress purpol;e or pre- trots the curren t should be increased
Pioneers in the Movement En&'ineen Design Tube for ven ting the accidental placing of the from the normal 6 ohms to 30 ohms.
l~w voltage tube in the high er vol· Either the rheo stat with t he lower re-
to Guarantee Radio Products Dry Cells.
Engineers early recognized this
tage socke t adapted to the 6·volt sistance must be r t>placed with one
tubes. The manufacturers fell that having five times U1e r ei;lstance or a
fault and concentrated thrlr efforts
I he sudden appearance of the dry permanent r rsls tance of 24 or 25
on the design and perfection or a
cell tube on th<' market before the ohms must be connected in s eries

T HANKS to Federal's initiative, the Radio user can now pur-

chase a complete line of equipment protected by a positive
guarantee.
yacuum tube which could draw its
current from a dry cell. Finally the
first dry cell lube, called the WDll,
was ]>laced on the markrt.
radio pubHc had been properly edu·
cated In its application would result
in the destruction o r many tubes and
with the main rhl'oi;tat.
Because or the h1gh potential
which cnn be applietl to . the plates
. . The WT>ll was slightly sma ller
th <' consequent dissatisfaction of
tbousan<ls of beginners.
or lhese tubes the ampliticatlon can
be carried to a highe r value than
For nearly a quarter century Federal has been producing than the UV200 and 201. In.'llead of
with either the WDll or the UV20
requiring a potential of 6 volls it
guaranteed communfoation apparatus-the determination of Federal could be operated satisfactorily on a Special Sa.cket Prevenb Tube tub rs.
The second of the new arrivals
to protect the Radio user now marks a new era in the buying and single dry cell having a potential o:f Des truction.
in tubedom is tl1e UV199, a semi·
only 1 1h volts. The filament of the
selling of Radio equipment. dcy cell tube cons isted of a fine metal But lately tile t:irms making the "peanut tube." A "peanut tube" is
the name glven to a tube s]Jecially
11rire CQ.ated \\illi rad1oaclive mate rial t11IJI' have concluded that radio fans
can understand the difference be- designed during the war for compact
which made it unnecessary lo beat
sets, but 11ever releasr·d for public
The Federal Guarantee the filament to incandescence in or·
der to provide the proper cmJssion or
t Wl'Pn I hi' tube for storage batteries
and the tube for dry cells. and accord-
Lngly arr supplying the same tut..e
cons umption. The UV199 is the
nearest commercial a pproach to the
eJectr0n.e. Thus the WDU was oper·
To appreciate the positive value and far-reaching effects of the ated with a current consumption or with a ~tandard base arranged so that r eal .. peanut tube" th at has been de- •
the tube may b<' inserted into any ,·eloped.
F zderal Guarantee, it is only necessary to read its statement:- · % of an ampere, compared with the
This tube is only 114 inches in
1.1 ampere of the first lubes. standard sockrt. To distinguish the
two tubes Lhe o ewrr tube is giYen the diameter and 3 inches high. The
Natu:rally when these tubes be·
style of contacts on ils base requires
uwe hereby guarantee Federal Standard Radio Products came available the radio public be- name of the WD12. And it should be
its use in a special socket, although
came curious a s lo their real pas· understood here that. except for this
to be free from all mechanical and electrical defects and to one feature of thP alteration in the adapters are now avaJlable by which
sibilities. Being smaller than t he
function properly when installed in accordance with our au- UV200, there was a demand lo know base. ther e i!I no difference whatso- it may be made to fit the standard
socket.
thorized directions, and we agree to replace, at our expense, if the WDll ~would do all lhat the l'Ver In the tubes.
T he UV199, like the 201A, is an
bp-ger tubes would do. Were they One other point has evidently
any unit or part which may prove defective.'' sensitive detectors, or wrre tb ey bothered th<' radio public concerning exc<'<'<lingly good detector and ampli-
these tubes . Thousands have asked, fier. It requires a ])Otcntial or 3
suitable only for amplifying !)Ur·
"Ts the sam<> tube usPd as either TOlts and consumes but .06 of an
Look for the Federal Guarantee tag before you buy any piece of poses?
delector or amplifier?" The answer ampere, or about one-fo11rt11 of that
ll was staled at the lime lh1H the
Radio Equipment- wasted time, money and disappointment are thereby smaller dry cell tube would do a ll to this is In the aJfirmative. The conRumed by the WDll and thP.
WD tubes are "hard" lubes, but they UV201A. Because of this low cur·
avoided. that the larger tubes would do. They
rent dr maod the UV199 can be ope-
were excollent detectors and efficient arc extrem<'IY st>nsitlve detectors.
Within the last few months two rated Crom a art or thr<'e flashlight
amplifiers. But since that. time ex-
other tub<'s have a]Jpeared on the cells. It Is probable I.hat these cells
Many Millions of Dollars '
·J Jeriencc with a quantity of the tubes
indicates that the dry cell tube is horizon and both are now being would supply t h<' n eeded current for
no t quite as good ~s the average seized upon and put to work. The several weeks, while three ordinary
Behind this Guarantee as a pledge of its good faith stand the entire S.volt uv20 0. either as a detector or first to arrive was a companion to size drY., cells would operate the fila·
resources of the Federal organization. The Federal Guarantee is a delib- as an ampli(ier. Some experts have th<' UV tubes and was given the menl of the tube for six months or
,a year. The principal advantage in
erate policy- not merely a claim. stated that it is only 80 per name or the UV201A.
the use of the nashllght crlls is that
cent. as good. Others have said The UY201A is a :'i·TO!l tube, but
that the tube lost but 10 p er cent. r equires so little current that it can the tube then becomes suitable for
be operated from the proper number the most compacl of PortablP sets.
Write today for the Federal Catalog of Standard Radio in efficiency th rough Its change in
or dry cells. Since each dry cell T he batteries can be Included within
design. At any rate it is probable
Products, fully covered by the Federal Guarantee. that the advantag<' to be gained deli vrrs only H~ volts, four such th e ca binet without increasing its
through tho use of a dry cell in cells should be connected in series bulk or Its weight.
place of the s torage batter y more to supply the required pot ential. But This small scmi·peanut tube has

jfeberal ~tlepbone & ~elegrapb ~ompanp than compensates for th<' possible
loss of even as much as 20 per cenL
the current drawn by the tube is
n o more lhan that taken by the WPll
also been found to be unusually well
adapted to receiving circuits involv·
and 12, hence one set of four dry Ing the amplification or cu rrents at
jbluftalo, ~. ~. As amplifiers the WDll tubes have
cells should last for 500 to 1,000 .radio frequencies , b ut this partlcu·
been found to vary widely. Some
ope rate perfectly lo both U1e first hours of actual operation. Jar subject will be dealt with mace
, and second stages of the amplifier. The UV201A. is an excf'llent de· fully under thRt genera l heading.
 Radio Manual 21
•

Fahnestock Products
====== "STANDARD IN THE RADIO FIELD"== = = = =

11

11 ,,
~NO. 15
.

'IJDWN
PR£SS
HER.Iii

FAIDIF.SroCK SNAY RADIO coroo:cmtc BLOCK

Fahnestock Spring Binding f, ~

NO. 9 Posts a nd Connectors

hav e been ~uuHlo.r<l ~q11l11mnn t (or many years on
ldeJJhonc, t.••l(!~r;:lllh a nll flri" n.Jarm_ sy~ll•rns
throuJJhout tht! l.:mtct.1 8l:tle:-s Ra d Oann1l a..
GRII' LfKE A , -r«t;
t 'A~:S01' J A i{ l.O ()f:E
P E HFllJOT ELEf'TUlC'.\L CONTACT
EAS ILY ATTAC ll ED ,
BROIO•::s A:Sll I.Om{!;; UOX.NECTIO:SS
t:l.J ~IL"A'l'EU

"fhe mtl llons In u.so In Ua..tUn work who r e J1erf f'l'!t

ro1t 1a,·t li:t t>U PSS•·ntla l alJsttlulely prove Uh:m tn
b u the llif•:tl con ucc1io1L

NO. 6 s. P. 0. T. SW ITCH L ETS THE WHOLE FAM I L Y " LI STEN IN"

= = = = = = AT YOUR DEALER'S Oll DIRECT FROM = = = = = =

FAHNESTOCK ELECTRIC CO., Long Island City, N.Y •
• ~~ :;;: ~ :!

r--- Greatest
Volume
Purest
1.. , 22•1,[ ct BATT !No 154 l Tone
~\)'1~1-1 t~r-c
RADIO ~B~
~IU~"
BATTERIES '()
Sold Direct by
l\fanufactw·er [

@ LOUD ai
FO~A
TRAN t'1 SSION
,ERS @) This Accounts for
the Low Price

OETECTORS
GRID -
nw
'A · - RIES

___.e:.__
.,0 4~ AMPLIFIERS
l..
n I $15
ABC Batteries are designed especially fo r NEW MODEL
Radio receiving apparatus and differ in many
ways from dry batteries manufactured fo r other
purposes.
Vitalitone
We guarantee our batteries to be noiseless
Loud Speakel'
in operation and to give long service life.
Manufactured by experts of over twenty Vitalitone Storage B Battery
years' experience in I he hattery business. 24 Volts, 11-'2 Ampere Hour.
Saves Battery Expense.
At all good dealers. PRICE DlllECT, $3.50
Mfd. and Guaranteed by
Advance Battery Co.
506 West Broadway
New York City.
VITALIS HThlMER
15-17 WEST 181'H ST., N. Y.
Send for Literature.
J WJZ and WJY Trans mit Simultaneously From·This Antenna
 r.===============• I I{ a d i o M •, n u a I 23

The S ECO HEADSET t•bodlos the hl1hu l ac-

comolh hm:uta · ln the 111anutaetur1 of ncetnn.
STANDARD RADIO PRODUCTS
i
~
fl:!/i'. TYPE !OJ
2000 OHMS, Lis t Price
$5 00 •
Standard Receivers
Young a.nd old dar.tl at lh ••••lllvtaott. It ~~
rtpradoc.u tPf·ech 11'd Jau1fc clta.r ly and di•·
llnatly. llt llgbt weight (complt tt Ina thao 12 A RbD:IQ HEADSET' T\' r Ec
2500 O HMS, lia t Price
$8• 00 Although Less Spectacular in Performance, the Simple
oL) 111aku one fetl that you wtre Jun llSt .. lno 'J.
Weith! complete. 12 oz.
lo without the annoyano• uaually oauaed by heavy
and clumsy hudaeto.
Specially Deaigned for Regenerative Set Still Leads the More Radical Types
Wireless R eceiving

VARIABLE GRID LEAK AND

in Popularity and Ease of Construction.
MICA CONDENSER COMBINED as the inductance, with the ·wire- part.'!. Purchase a tube that bas a
Radio r eceivers are usually dis-
wound rotating ball arranged lo pro· known reputation and one that can
1.00 ttnguished by th e type of circuit em-
duce regeneralion. With these parts be used as a detector tube. In this
ployed in their construction. There
R~i.s tuce case the UV 200 is suggested, pro-
UST la the single-circuit, double-ci rcuit, and a vacuum tube and socket the
0 to 5 M~ro hms three-circuit and rour-cl:rcuil r e- set may be inser ted in a cabinet to vided a storage batte ry ls to be
PRICE
celver. Sometimes the difference fit. the combination producing a re- ava.llable. If dry cells are lo be lhe
Capacity
5.00 .00025 MFD.
between them is made even more
dJstinct by specifying t hem as in·
ceiver that is attracUve and work-
able.
source of supply, the UV 199, WD 11
or WD 12 is recommended.

b • - ...
ductlvely or capaollaUvely coupled, The actual parts need ed for ihls It is mainly a matte r ot taste In
s et are listed below. The aerial the selection of the remainder o!
as the case may be.
should consist of one hundred feet material. The most important part
FlnelY ooostruct•d, id In ""'"'· hl•t •d·top ~ v These various receiver:; will be

"_,. •"''· """ ,. ,..,"~ ""'~

of stranded copper aerial wire, one of the tube socket is the four·
Cabinet. 30 mi;e ,.ctlvlng radius. The OQUil Varlet tttlmn.ce frem zero' to S m94oh1u. tlYl•I treated individually al thei r l)TOper
of hlth-prfced tl')st&I 11t1 1«1lllno tor many limn
th lo price.
Ai many aa 4 of Pair
can Headuu "'rnE SMILE THAT WONT COME OFF"
JOBBERS and DEALERS--Write for Sample.a and Pricea
SPIELMAN ELECTRIC COMP
I """'""""'""'"' •• ""'" "'"'" • ·
wo1d1rlul control O\'tr t"e.lvlng ~t. which Dtrlftltt
~::,1;!~ ~!.:'~~:':, t~.":d ~.":!1.:.' -;:::<:Ji!i::t!
.,..,., Ill• of bat1oey.
places In the Radio Manual.
At tbl• time ' ' ' ' "" •inti• .,,.
cult set will be describeu at length.
This is perhaps the simplest

l
Ol'FICE: us W.l'ST asTu ST.
.KEW )'URK CITl'. N. \ '.
ANY, IN~.
•ACT OR\':
. ,
1931 BROaDWAY.
receiver lo build, al though not al-
ways the easiest to operate. It is,
..
_ _ _ however, an e.xce ll('nt outfit for the
~. ·~~-~~w...m~~fl·.r.m~""'~~
. . . . ?.: l>eginner to start on, particularly if
• ~- ·'"'N ..... .r-_ ...~~it~~J~~~\~ .- _.. :il~~-W-~Y~~~ 1 · - - -- . the separate parts- are to be assem·
' 'RADIANT'' bled into a complete set.
Commencing in a logical order.
VARIABLE CONDENSERS the construction of the an tenna
Have Proven To Be a Positive Success comes first. All thtil is nece:isary 1- ~4
ls a single wire <>levated thirt y or
more !eet orr the ground and run- ~

·n 1e Radio Frequency ning not longe r than one hundred F.W.

t r an sformer w ith the feeL With a much longe r wire it One Popular Form of Single Circuit R eceiver .
compensating c o i l 6ecomes neces.sary to insert a con-
- whose merit has already been denser in se ries with the aerial, rorty-three·plntc variable condenRcr. spring strips on the bottom of lhe
established, not only by a Certificate whjch reduces its e fficiency. More one one hun dred and eighty-uegree socket. These should make firm
of Excellence from the New York complete data on the !'rectlon of an variocoupler, a vacuum tube uetec· contact with the four legs of the
Tribune but by the popular demand of a n tenna will be found under that tor , a tube socket with necessary tube.
enthusiastic users. headi ng in tbe tabl e of contents. grid leak aud condenseT, a rheo· Two ulals are needed, one for
The simple truth about TRI-COIL RADIO Next lo -the aerial Is the need of the condenser and the other for lbe
stat. a tw enty·two·volt B·battery and
FREQt.:ENCY TRANSFORMER is a a good ground. This may be ob- the prope r A-battery. The ' phones rotor ball. Tho rheostat should
Te1Jelatio1i i1t the development of couplinr.. tained through a connection to the make a posiU,·e cont.act throughout
\'erni..,. l'ro•·Ulu for should b(' a t leas t of two thousand
T his is the transformer that was
-
Extreme Accurac7 steam radiator or cold water pipe. its range and should r evolve easily
:uld MlccU\ll>'. ohms r esistance.
successfully used in a steel subway In making this connection scrape a ''tlthout jerks. A switch arm with
car under the East River. SUPERIOR CONSTRUCTION-RICIDITY OF FRAME clean place on the pipe with a file. s ome contact points and a few
FIRM AC CURATE BEARlNGS bind a dozen or more t urns of the Conatnictional Detail& of the
The "Tri-Coil" is hi~b ly r ecom- BUILT LIKE A WATCH binding posts complete the list of
- ,,, .....- ____,. mend ed for the Refle x circult and
is also a d aptable co W. 0 . 11 tubes. T he Condenser with the
wire around this spot. twist the
wire tightly and drop solder on the
1804 Varicoupler . necessary materials for tuning the
,~
__,. ) Type " A'• SpeOlally Du laned for 20 1· A Tubu . Perfectly Har-cl Flat Plate This piece of apparatus is really complete set.
turns. A better way is to use a
~·

-- ---
...p

~:..__~~
·'
/
Radio Appnratus Di vlwlon
Brooklyn Metal Stampintr Co.
BROOK L YN, N. \'.
·1 3 l'lCltc, A J)prox, 0.00025~M.F.D.. $5.00
!!5 Plate,
4i.[latt•,
lppr(J;r. 0.0005 - .M.i"'. I>.,
AJ)µro.r. 0.001 -.J.1.F.I) .•
5.50
6.50
ground-clamp around the pipe at the
place where the 11cllle bas been re-
the heart of the whole receiver. and
its selection therefore sbould b e
Tho three s pecific claims made for
this somewhat unusual adaptation of
familiar circuits an• simplicity, se·
made with care. Tt is best tcyiecure
i' '\ a- c ·•
o'~- PRl~NCLrD f:<; OEXl 'l !\'E COSDE:KSl'.l'E DIAi . moved.
loe one which Is made of tubing of lei:tlvily, and efficiency.. Lt is a very

~, 0
At Rll
Nd.l o . 0L"TIUl3t'TI)RS IN XEW \'URI' s imple arrangeme:lt-one glance at
f!l!I J-:NC1 r:•. dea.JN·s ,J . II. Rwultll & C'o.
'It'. R. Ostrander ill C'o.
I
C'ontin..,tal Radio & 1"..Jcc. C"orp.
l lnnltat1nn F.lcc. t<uoPl3 Co., IJlc.
Parts Required to Conatruct high insulating quality, as this ma·
the diagram or the wiring of a com·
This Simple Set. terial will not absorb moisture. See

t-·~
St anle7 &: P11ttuson, Inc.
... ) .· • ... ' Deall'r< Oat of New \'ork Plel\Sf' Wtlto for In order to keep down both size that the coupler is ruggedly made, plete set would satisfy the most
skeptical on that point.
';< L. f.' ~
Lis t Num~ o f Nea""'t Distribu1or.
and cost the set has been simpli- so that the wires will not loosen
I ' ( ) ..
when assembling t he set. Study T he input tuning Is effected by an
Price HEATH RADIO AND ELECTRIC MFG. CO. fied to the last degree. Most of the
the connections to get an intimate ordinary variocoupler and a .00025
206-208-210 FIRST ST.,_ NEWARK, N. J . tuning can be done with the variable
idea of the relationship of the microfarad variable condenser. All
condenser. A varlocoupler is used
 Radi o Manu a l 25

Insist on ~

r
<::>
Panels, Dials, ~~
~~
Red. Trade Mark V. T. Sockets, Knobs, ~~
~
~" ~~
0
Antenna Insulators. ---1Ll
I~
C') <.J

It's furnished in 18 stock sizes, each panel packed in envelope to protect the supreme
finish.
I t's the easiest panel to cut, drill, engrave with simple tools at home. It never warps
or shrinks, chips or cracks. .
;
1:
!.
>
IE: , _,') ~
~

~
~
;-...
\

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It has the lowest phase angle difference, lowest dielectric constant ahd highest resis-
tivity. ...i.. ~ en Cl
w I I
'
Radion is the supreme insulation for wireless use. ..
a ' , t:)
t..nO)

6 x
Obtainable from most dealers. Try it and notice the difference in results.
Sl.x e
7 lnrb.... ....... • . . . . . . • .
Black
$.;s
Ll~t P rire
JUnhonnJle
$.90
Size Rinck
J, lst r.,.1c.,
.\blh o1111nJ1<1
-"...·
;s

0
~....,~
...,~:::;
~"'
6 x 10 ~ Inches . . • • • . .. • . . . . · 7 x 21 inch~• .. -. . .... ..... ... .. S2.6.'I $:1,!5

•.,..""
1.J.> I.4CJ 00
l .. ~4 i.u c:he, , • • . . . . .. • . . . • • a.oo
G r
6 x
H
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lncltf'~ .......... .... ....
inch•~.-. .. . . . . • • • • . •
1 ..W
~ ..:!5
UU
2. t.'i 7 r 18 ind1r, ,. . • • • . • • . . . . . . 6.00
3. ;o
l.~O
:s ~
7 X 9 IMb.,~ .. .. · -. . . . . . . L IS J ,·IO 0 '(: 14 b 1c11t"" .. . ......... ....... .. .. :!.25 t.76 <l>'
7 x 10 h•<·he'i· •...... .. .... .. l.'!5 1.55 JO :\. 12 in('h t!~ . ...... .. .. . . . . .... !.lli %.GO :::i
7 i I! lncbe,. .,. .. . . .. . • ... . l .l>O 1.s.-. 12 ~ 14 i nch .. -. . . . . ........... ... . ~.85 3.•ICJ :::::>
s.~u <=>
7 "
7 x
11
JS
in~.h.... .. ... . .. . .. . . .
incbrs .... · • .• . · · ...... ..
1.75 .
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2.~o
2. tr;
12 x .2 1 iut·h(!s •.•• . .. ·•.. . .•... .. J.'!5
J.I x 18 inclu...i •• • • • • • • • • • • • • .. • • • 4.t:; O.!O ""0 :3
20 x 2 ,1 inches. .... . ... • ....... 8.GO 10.35 :s ~
e
:~
American Hard Rubber Co., 11 Mercer St., New York .!.]
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C1'
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--, \
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~
~

~
s...< 1 1
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~
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When you have a radio ")
t<j
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tube problem come 'O
-- ~~
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au !~
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REPAI R SERVICE ')-, -C\ ..., t:t' :..;-

~bjh Send us your dead tubes-we put new life into them.
If th ey cannot be repaired' we will make an exchange
0
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;-
-~~
and save you money anyway.
...
NEW T UBES ~~
We sell all makes of new tubes. As new tubes come out "=-
::I ~~
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we have them first. Large stocks on hand at all times. t:t <::>
~
T ry us for tubes first and save time as well as money.
..o·
so ~~
......

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NOTE T HE IN S U L ATED ADVISORY SERVICE ;s::,
I I When you build a new set or improve your old ooe consult ...3 .. ~~
~
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.,(;

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B IN DI NG PO STS AN D our tube expc.r ts. Ii it's a tube question we can answer it. o~
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(II~
RADI O PARTS (1)
W I RE CON NECT)
• We also manufacture and carry reliable radio parts• ..., "'
"' :::i
~
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t1 I:; '1P' ~I fi<I '·'. I '\
MAIL SERVI CE
No matter where you lll3Y live you may still have our ~
complete service. Send your tube by mail or ask fOl'
~
NOVO
d24 W . 3 3 ~ ST.
M'F'G C,-0. information. Prompt attention to mail orders.
~
~-
NEW YORK
531 SO. DEA~BORN ST
C HI CAGO RADIO PRODUCTS CO. ~
:i).
I 15 We.t Br oadway, N. Y. C. • Phone Canal 2039
~ •
 .l{adio Manu a l 27

the other details in lhe circuit are this particular circuJt \\"hich c~uses of condens('rs as in the circui t known
the same as that required in an.y il to diiler from other single-circuit aS" the Eaton oscillator.
o ther single-tube regenerati>e type; receivers lies In the fact tha t It does The dia gram illustrates one way
that iS, grid leak and condenser, 11Jnte not re radlnt e unless the natural pe- in which the Eaton oscillator may be
"PROVEN IN SERJTice,, and tilamenL batte1·1es, vacuum tube,
tube socket, !ltld 'phones.
riod of the aerial Is exactly the same
as lhe wave lt'ngtl1 that ls being re·
incorpordletl into a receiving set of
two units. One unit contains the
T he connecUon on lhe aerial slcle ceived. Such a combination Is ex· tuning e lements and the other the
TUE BEST IN THE WORLD FOR THE MONEY
of the variocoupler stator is the tremely rare. A condenser "'; th only vacuum tube apparatus.
3,200 OHMS RESISTA.i'lCE peculiar feature in the circuit. At a small maximum capacity must be The EaLOu oscillator, which con·

s3.6s i:v~~:~
SENT PARCEL POST PREP AJD ANYWliER£

\~
IN U. S. A. UPON RECEIPT Of PRlCE
Dea.len, Write for Quantit7 Prices. Plate
Ytirno-
THEODORE STAVE CO. 3-0N~c?~· mefer

\.\
Rmplifying rrt:lnsrormers

Complete Diagram of Connections for a Detector and Two Stages

== of Audio Frequency Amplificalion.
=-;;;r-
the mmmum. there are only six used in the primary circuil in order lliSlS essentially of t\\"o condensers

I~ 71 turns actually In the aerial to ground to securP the brst results in tuning; in series Is incorporated in the unit
circuit. A. four-point switch is use d a largl' condenser will make adjust· contain.Ing the tuning device whlch
to vary this numb er in s t1:ps or one, ments tlitncuit. 1t is also advisable is of 1..he loose coupler or variocoupler

ST~JICj
two, four, and six rt>s pectively. 'l'hes e to use a woll·constructed variocou· type. A Sf?condary shunt condenser
six coils an> ac tually a part of the pier th at will allow 180 degrees of the variable air type Is also
stator wind.lngs :rnd by imlUClion change in lh(' inductive coupling. m ounted In U1ls unit to assist in
produce in the turns ~cross the grid tuning the secondary circuit.
Interference and. filament the voltage which Regene.r ative Circuit of. t.b o The unit at the right contains a
is reduced to produces the signal in the ' p hones. Induc tive Type. vacuum tube detector of the usual
a m1rumum The connect Ion ls known 3.s the R egenerative receh·ers wit.h induc- ty(le with a lead running directly
COMPARE IT WITH WHAT
Ullllllllll direct or conductive type or coupling tive feetlbnck arrifngements of the from tbe plate to a binding posl

Better ·1F YOU ARE NOW• USING .

OURS IS BETTER MAI L U S.,
3 0 CENTS
and the operation Is analogous to
that of an auto-transform <'r. The
tickler coil, as explained previous ly,
are in common use at many amateur
which ls strapped across to one side
of the secondary circuit. The othe1·
Reception NOT Return it at Our Expense rotor of the varlocoupler is used as stations. Another method of obtain· side of the secondary circuit connects
a tickler for producing regeneration ing r1eg£'neralion action which does to th" grid condenser (C4) wblob
with the ZOBEL· STEIN LABORATORIES In the usual manner. A feature of not require coils is through the usP. may be of the va.r iable air type. A
NASSAU t ...4-,. •

322 9"!'ST. BllOOKl.YN.ti.Y.Sovr11Z650

Pat. Peml..
,.
--~~~~~~~~~~-2f '~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
,, ,,
Price S3G.OO
Jobbers llnd Denlors
wrlto f Cl r
Proposition.
JOOff()N£R)
TitAOC HAllX
·~lolC S4 ~1 ~ S4---~

Open E>'f'G JnJ!'• and Sandtl)"S.

Eliminates Aerial and grou nd
The Secr et ia in the Pat ented Winding WE CARRY A
1500 MILES ON LOUD SPEA.KE.R
With f stages radio and
COMPLETE STOCK
AL L STANDARD RADIO PARTS
g stages audio frequency amplification.
Write tor i:"lrc uhr ..G•• ~ Cheap as Anywhere in the City
llllltluJac turetl by

NAsSAU RADIO CO. , Inc. COCKADA Y

REINARTZ
to Your Ord~r ond DrW Panels.
W e Build & ta
WE SPECIALIZE ON
Fl.£.WELLLNG
D. X. FLEX
••
•
.••
••
.... f'lt?tft:
Var1omcft:r
60 Court St., Brooklyn, N.Y.
CIRCUITS
FREE EXPERT ADVICE TO
/ • ~ It Will Pay You to Visit U8 :J/r •I

Panel Layout Suggested for Variocoupler-Variorneter Receiver.

 RADIO
GOODS
OF QUALITY Essex Manufacturing
When You Buy Direct You Save the Difference
Co. RADIO
GOODS
OF QUALITY
Radio Manual 29

ESSEX STA.'\'DARD P H ONES ESSEX RF.Ji.LE'.\'. Sl'F.CIA'L AUD I O

2300 OllllS TllA..'\:o.J.'OH ' I.I-JR ,.
The 1'.:$$4!x h llS th>) u11lqu1• rl'<'orll of I !.000 sol d
Tho phones with th" i;lant grip m1q;neta. The In ruur nu>nths .in1J mn.n>• ••t our cugtom .....-. 11Utl•1 -~
Essex STA.~A.HD l'H O::O.'l':S ha\·~ lx:en built they arc wonderful Cur any •t)'J~ tu ~.
11·llb n. consclcmce-anll built Lo stnnll up under L i;.t, $5.00. u lrect, s:i.oo. ~~
~
~ ~
()
tho mrun s"v~re condltluns; the mai:nets &re 3.11· :i.tALCO~ Rt-:FLFL'\'. RADI O 'l' ICA..... i-J>OllllER. ) § (:)
solutely perman=t and wlll not becomo llc- HIO to 600 M~te..,,
THE SECRET UF Tll F: rcllcx ..trrult la the :ti ~
(:) ~ ~
magnellzed. mtHchJng ot transformers. The~" trnnJiformcrs ~ ~ ~ ~· ~
WO:\'DERFL'L F08 LOl:J> S l'EAKEIC. nt1ltch thP F.IP'ex A udlo anti i;lvtr yuu i>"r!e1:L rot-
cel'J.~~~ Ss~~~" r~nex ci r cuit. Olrtct. \S!.oo.
"' :>..
()
~::, ~
~ <., ~
~
~
Lllt l&.00
Sold on a. money-back i;uara.ntre.
l>irttt Sl.611 .Ullloni>h lhM!'" trftnHfom1eN1 nr• 1'•~c:l11lly mnde
Cor th" N"ll~y cll"t!nit they nrl' gunnwtecu to .,ive
-... _ ~
Phon!lg?aph :ittachmPnt free "'"Ith each pair. V you bt"tt,.,. r hnll" In ony rl N'u it.
r1'LL MALL 1110• , .urlo l 'Oul)lcr
ts lbe Coupler That ~takes a Oood i-:.,1 E 'iSE..'\'. IJG UTXI:W: A.RRF.,'TF:n
>
U ETTEIC ~
~
The P a ll Mnll Mupler I" th P l'e•ult of Mnlle uf i;orcclzln with brnrket Cor lnALnlllng. ell

~
trn month~' cxper1mt-ntnl w ork aucl ta Oii
Cap o! 3-1000 part oC :en lncb. ll•a,·y torm· ell ,,' ~-
..
nil thnt cnn b<l •lr~trell In " CQ\ll•l<'r-11
tnals m II carry- hundreds of nmp.-.1 t!d ot cur- ::s ~ ~
~¢
~ ~~
ts 1mnl1er In <llnmotcr tbtln an> otlu·r t'!I
a
)~11 ·
couplPr an<l t4kH uo letlll JIPl\t·t- on your
panel-lt ta ' '"ry popolnr In thnt It work•
r<'nt .Built Cor flutdour us1:, but aurnttlvo
~
~ "' ')
~ ~·
~lb
enough tor Inside lrll•tnllation. List l'rlre U.60
~
won<l erit-ln Pith~ tt bulb or cn·t1nl dr·
~ ~
~~

~"''r~. i
cult and eopeclalTY In tbc Reflex Clrt·uat.
l'r ll•,. if: l ,7".
Om· Pl"lce .911 t'!I ~ 11' s ::'i
!:'! )(• &::)
SPECJAT.S VNIO:" HAJ>IO T lr ·TAl'liS UAJU:L l 'I'~ l ',\ l'l!: l .i'\
~
~
) • () 11> ~ .. g. ~-
....
ell I::>~~ ()

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LIRt Our r ·r leo l'huy ta.kc lhc pln••tt uc hlutllug lt C\'f 1ry r ud io f'fl n kll1 1\ \ Whnt UHC!lo Sn.m anU
• • • SG posts ren d ns~urr you of posi- the Jkcn•ed upCrt\ltlr know:< at.out l'lllkt•llto, It ~ I::>~
Vi~~
5
Slnglo Jacks • · · · · • · "· • • • • • ·• .G .. • Uvn rnnrnct at all times. Vi'o n- \rnu tu ho the only pnn r l 1111•t•'rln l 801<1, Jt you
~uble c!, <;.';;-';, 8 ~~8
11
11 · "ooi ··· 0·0·1· .no .•IG cterru1 Cur l.11•LLcn·. co11ncr:llons.
l'rlc~ 21\c P"r JJHlr.
wn n1 Y<>ur &M to clv,. ynu 100•,; rcijults 111.ko 0
:::. <., "
~11>~
~ ~
""'s 00 0•5 • • ' 35
OOD • . • · · · · • • · · • ·'' · • · · ••
l8
' , FREl'.-u P1<lr or TilJ" with
a llJJ from th em.
STO(.'K 8 IZ1::$ ~) ~
Reco Poree Ir.In Rh<'<>Jllllts . . . . • 1 5
~·3 Plate United Va.rinbl~ Con-
.J.) , I , ·
f Jll.C J I t\l r u
OEJ.L BAK~.l'l'E S~() Kf:TS
r J '·
Uf"h.1"t. .
~ l~
1 8
-
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• t6
.,....
16 .......... sz.~•
"':s
Q. ' v.
- ue.ns•r• ..... . . ... . .. ... ... 3.75
3-ln. Mol o1ec1 Dials • . • • .. . . • . • .7&
1.IG
. 10 Th ., l!ell llod,ot 18 "IThout a
7
? x 1-
.......... $1.0:S
.......... I.~~
x
! x !8 .......... 2.5% t-3
~
2-ln. Mololrol D ials • . • .. .. • .. . ,r;o . JG ~.oulJt th" p ea .,r alt Hocket~ ! Jt H ........ .. 1.-1. ~ x ~O .......... 2.80 ~
~ ::).
Taper Knob Switc hes • . •• . • . .50 .IG lhc notr h •• 1un<le cx(rtl heav.y : x 16 .... . ... .. 1.68 ! x ;1 ........ , • ~.94 0
to prev~n t lorcuklng and it s • x ll> • . . • . .. .. • 1.89 , x • t ...........1.38
We Corry a Complete Llnl' o t """' and Pnrl1.
I t WlU Pay You 'l'o lll't Our Prle..,..
BAKELI TI::.
1Jrt~c. <I.Ge.
LIJ!t, fl.00: our
l<pecial l"b:es ('u~~ Orclrr,
llAll.0.Kl>E.RS SIIIPl'J.:D !-1 llOORs.u·n n l< flCKU'T01"0.liDmL.... "I~ l'AY PAIICEL P OS1 ' u:s rVH (; I L>\_..;E::- 0 1' $(1.00 O R o~·xn
7 " 30 .......... 4.20
!\!.,c Sq uare 111di. "'
;-
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t'!I
ESSEX ll.f A NUFACTURJNG CO. W e =.unto.in an exp<'rim ..ntnl tlrpurnueur. U th~re L~ an)' problem
UI

11'1.l") • you w111h soh·ed or llllY hook-op you tlesh"C', "'" wlll be 11lea,,.,d ,....,
0 ~ ~ ~·~
117 Mnlberry St., Newark, N. J. lb
~ '1>'
tu ncc:onunooate you .EREt<:. Ent!lose l'rlun1 ""'Inge.
>
c a~ <\ ~
c..
;· .... ~~ I ~
~~
~1ft.rrJlL ~~q_
1ajjl'!li-:rftb ~~
szftJPPLfis- RADIO CABINETS .,...t'!I
'=.1 ~ ~
~
Fo r Consumer and Dealer. c ')
We manufacture a complete line t'!I
...
:I ~
)'I~

IFterYOUquality
are looking for bet·
m erchandise
of radio cabinets, of mahogany,
wal nut, oak, and while wood, in all
sizes, and in any finish. Best of
construction. Dirt , dust and mois-
'<

~
>
3
~?~
~-~ &.
~· ~
.....
~'0 ~(5
~~
"'~
ture proof. Quick dclivcries-
quantity production pr-ices. Send ::?
~,

"'.;J~"()<::
that will give you satisfac· us your specifications, or a sample
('>
II>
.- ~~ ~
of your cabinets, and get our prices. §. ·., ~ ~
tion, sold with our absolute We also make indoor loop aerials. ~
--t-~~~~
~/l§?c::i
Send for our price list. "l
0 ~ ~ .;; ~
guarantee, or money back, Cabine t Work Since 1900 ~
lb
()
.... ~
visit our Radio Department. E. ESHOO CABINET WORKS ~ 15'
.....
~
t'!I
635 HERKIMER ST. BROOKLYN, N. Y.
;:::
Orders taken for all parts, or Telephone Lafayette 2324 0
....
Cit {))'
complete sets, at any of our ~
~
Cll
~ ,~~
Stores.
RITTERSI Al(noc k-
downae~al,
inc I uding
:0
r:1'
~
....
Q
~
~
"'"'
c::i ") ()
i"~~
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~

Send for Oar Complete Catalog.

LOOP AERIAL :!r~\~1~~ ::::i
utes. EndorsPd hy ~ew York Globe and
In 10 min- ...~
~

:\fall. Result.<; liuaranrt>t>d; R1t•er Loop re- <

ducei; lnterferen<'e, -'<tn.t 1c natl lightni ng t\oubl~. No ~
outside aerial or ~ound n<'rdl'd. Sold '!' ~
Times Square Auto Supply Co., Inc, direct from our factory. Hy :\fnl l Ille. extra. 11>
....()
We also manufacture the now famous ~
1743 Broadway, N. Y. C.
363 Fulton Street, Brooklyn.
~UTTER GRAND CRYSTAL s3.so .....
- ....
Spttial :llall Order Dept.,
SET, PRICE • • - s._ ~ v.
~ c::i .......
Mth St, and B tiHlctw;ay.
"~
~~~
')
~
Eatablished in 1904
Ritter Radio Corporation ~
232 Canal Street, Near Centre, New York ~
~
 Radio Mariual 31

bridging condenser (BC). but spark connected series across the sec·
brldglng condenser (BC) is connected
signals \Vill not be received with their ondary termlnal.s , with the grid on
rrom the plate to negative sidn of
normal characterisllc tone. one side and the lilament in the

BERWICK Supreme Uie fJiament battery. This condens<'r

b&S an a pproximate capacity of .002
JD.fds.
In operation a certain amount of
the plate potential Is f ed back and
impressed upon the grid by the con·
midd le with the plate on the olher
side.
While not parllcularly adapted to
HEADSETS The condensers Cl and C2 con·
1Utute the osc)llator or feedback por-
tion of tbe circuit. while the con·
densers Cl and C2, which form a
capacity feedback in contrast to the
short wave work it bas been possible
to gel down to 200 meters with this
device. Good regeneration is ob-
I Guaranteed 100% for tained up to several thousand mete1'8.

I Efficiency and Quality

Or Money Back
A receiver of. lWs type iS compara·
tivE'lY simple to operate.
So far we have spoken about r e·
generation wben referrlng to the
Experience is a great teacher vacuum tube v.-hen used as a detector.
With crystal receivers regeneration
And you wh o buy radio headsets should + is Impossible.
knO\\ that a n organization offering its The detector t ube requires careful
products on a "money back" guarantee has adjustmen t of the plate battery for
learned the lesso n that quality counts. best results. As a matter of fact,
there are no two tubes possessing
Jn Berwick "'Supreme Head sets you buy the same characteristics either in the
an efficie nt product oi sound Mechanical filament current or the plate voltage.
Aluminum Cups
and El ect rical Construction. Made by· ex- It ls ~ery easy to make adjust·
perienced men who use Good Niateria ls ments on the filament, since the
with Painstakin g Crafbmanship. Diagram of Connections of Popular Variometer-Variocoupler Set. r heostat gives fine control of the
-Lightweight- currenL A. vernier Is even better
- Comfor t able--- Rep·tttalio u was alu;a11s Built on Qual itv. for proper filament control. One
de nser (BC) Is important ln thP ad· inductive arrangement usually em
form of these vernier rheostats has
TRIANGLE ELECTRO TRADING CO., INC. justment o! the system for the re· ployed.
The circuit may be applied to any an extra arm built on the same shaft
PRICE Manuf&eture!'a ceptlon of damped or undamped
loose couJ11or or variocoupler and as the regular arm, but travelllng
2200 Ohms, $6.00 waves. For receiving damped waves,
632-634 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY condenser (BC ) is set at maximum, t ube detector without matorially over a single wlre lightenod around
3000 Ohma, $8.00
changing thr circuits or dismounllng th e body of the instrument. TWs
wblle for undamped waves it is ad·
the apparatus. Th<'\ condensers Cl ennbl<'.s the operator to regulate tbe
j usted to minimum. The circuit may
and C2 are two fixed condensers in filament temperature very closely.
be operated without employing the

Mon ey Back Ma il Orders MULTIPLE

Gu:irante(' So licited
RHEOSTAT
Ran~e 0 to 28
ohms
3,4 Amp. Capacity
Fine for D-X work
List Price
$3.00
"The House of Satisfaction"
ADJUSTABLE
Agents for GRID LEAK
Resistance up to 10 Megohm•:
Standard smooth increiue. no jumps.
Wonderfully dtici~t in obtain·
ing quality and naturalness of
both vocal and instrumental

RADIO SETS work on any circuit.

Li$t price wilh cover.. . . Sl.00
without cover. . . . . • .70

AND PARTS
~ ~
R.J\DT 0-PHONO
ATTACHMENT A Ground Clamp Simplifies the
The simpleat. ch~apcst and best Ground Wire Problem.
method ot utiljzisig Victrola.au
loud speakers with any tube-
amplifud ~t. Send for descrip-
tive circular.
GLOBE RADIO SHOP List price............... $ .40
Send Stamp for Catalog No.4SG
115-117 W. 23d Street
J. H. BUNNELL & COMPANY
Tel. Chelsea 1342 New York 32 Park Place New York City, N. Y.
 2 NEW YORK STORES
167 W.18th St.~·• 233 Fulton St.
Open Evenings Till 10 P. M. 'f . Open Till 6.30 '. .~

NEWARK STORE
132 Branford Place
er of Newe.rt

* * * *
HAT follows is a partial list of the many reputable, nationally-known
W
~ concerns who contribute t o our enormous stocks : · 1
l
RADIO CORPORATION FEDERAL TEL. & TEL. CO. DAYTON FAN MOTOR CO.
OF AMERICA ATWATER-KENT MFG. CO. JEFFERSON ELEC. CO.
WESTINGHOUSE ELEC. & RAVEN RADIO PRODUCTS SERVICE RADIO CORP.
MFG. CO. MAGNAVOX CO. RADIO SERVICE LAB.
GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. NATHANIEL BALDWIN, In~. ACME APPARATUS CO.
WESTERN ELECTRIC A. H. GREBE & CO. PARAGON RADIO CO.
CUTLER-HAMMER CO. AUTOMATIC BATTERY JEWELL METER CO.
FRAMINGHAM CO. CHARGER CO. KOEHLER MACHINE CO.
DICTOGRAPH PRODUCTS FROST RADIO CO. RHAMSTINE CO.
CORP.
GENERAL RADIO CO.
BRISTOL LOUD SPEAKER CO.
CHELSEA RADIO CO. '
11
 Radio Manual 35
INSIST ON "RICO"
Tuned Headsets
Your insistence will give you the
Modern Receiving Sets
most PERFECT 'phones made.
T he Armstrong Super-Regenerative Receiver and Others
.. RICO"
'
"RICO" MELOTONE Similar to It Based on the Same General Idea-Future
A new development in the Radio World-Rico TUNED SPEAKERS ARE UNIQUE
'Phone gives you m ost efficient control in the volwne
of sound and tonal quality without chatter or loss of
Melo tone
Loud
•"Rico" MELOT ONE Loud Speakers mean
that everybody in the room can hear the whole
Outfits May Be Developed From One of These Forms.
undertone.. The TUNED feature in conjunction with Speakers evening's pt'ogTam simultaneously. The
the Tri-Pole Magnet principle assures perfect sound Unless scores of pages were avail-
Compl1'1 with Bue MELOTONE is a comqination of the "Rico"
reproduction because of the use of a pure P ara rubber Fibre Horn and 5 Tuned Loud Speaker and an acoustically able for the purpose, il would be far
gasket. The simple, easy adjustment of the diaphragm Foot Cord.
pcnect fibre-horn. The 'phone rests in a from feasible to a ttempt to explain
regulates the quality of reproduction to meet every
particular need. It improves your radio set immeasur-
ably, adding strength to the weakest of sounds. "Rico"
$6.00 heavy solid base with a layer of felt on bottom
to prevent table mars. The same rigid char-
In any detai l whatsoever the elec·
trlcal fundamentals of lhe supe.r· · l'Loop
acteristics are employed in the MELOTONE
TUNED 'Phones are unquestionably superior to any
product of their kind in existence. RIO<I TUNlro
Loud Speakers as in the " R ico" Tuned 'Phones. ~enerative circuit. Using electricaJ ZOTums -.'UR./~, Variomefel'
No distortion of sound is possible, instead you terms the explanation ls not a dif·
Snpu-Senlllthe
Tbones 50 hear sound that is both resonant and pleasing. (Sp«, '
WE. prefer having you buy Er.om your regullQ"
If for any rcuon he cannot •11pply you write to
~.
re:sista.occ
4,009
ofl!IU9
Complete
9 • T ry one and prove for yourself the difference
between other loud speakers and "Rico"
MELOTONE Loud Speakers.
.tlcult matter, but unless lhe reader
happens to be an engineer v!\rs!\d
in th e theory of alternating currents
us dire<:t. "Rico" 1lJNED 'Phones and Melotone Loud 'the task is. both impos sible and In·

-- ~~~ -
Speakeri are aold on a 5-day trial. Money Beck. baaia.
advisable.
In Effect June 1, 1923. Any user of a regenerative r<'·
No. 20--2000 ohms, DOJ\lhle Head Set, Tuned .. . •• -. ~• •.•• $6.00 ceiver knows that when the tickler
No. 30-3000 ohnu, Double Head Set, Tuned .. .. • •• • • . 7 .00 or variomeler knob is moved just
No.
No.
l'{o.
40--4000 ob.ms, Double Hud Set, Tuned . . .•.•....
10-1000 obma, Single Head Set, Tuned .... .• ....
15-1500 ohma, Sin.gle Heed Set. Tuned .. ... .... .
9 .50
3.50
4.00
INDUS1RlES
CORPORATION
IO far and the signals increa sed in
streng th to a certain point, <>; Umjt
No. 2-1000 rob.ms, Receiver Only, Tuned ............ 2.50 is reached after which further re-
No. 3-1500 ohms, ReceiveT Only, Tuned . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 .00 131 DUANE ST. New York City generation distorts the sounds and D.L.
No. 25-Tuned Loud Speaker 'Phon.e With &-ft. Cord .. . 4.50 creates a hissing noise which oblitrr· 1500
ates all lhat the distortion does not
affect
Or
AT LAST-THE PERFECT GRID LEAK
VARIOTONE
WONDER OF THE Met by this limiting factor early
In his (!xperiments with the simple
/) l.luv<....JI.
·\~
VARIABLE RESISTAfiCE tF.AK
Unhroken Range--Zero to Five Megohms
RADIO WORLD regenerative set which he invented,
Major E dwin lL Armstrong for years
NO AERIAL USED sought a method lo eliminate this
Leop Antenna self-contained in artistic piano-finrsb'e4 Um.it s o that regeneration could be ~.OOl/1f
cabinet eliminates any wiring by purchaser carried further, and stronger s ignals
An Excellent <'11e Tube Super-Regenerator.
secured, without the addition of other
NO EXPENSE bas been spared lubes. He finally succeeded in de-
to make my product the best in Yeloping what he termed the "super· in super-regenerative sets, unless ex- There are single-tube super-regenera·
every detail. Having passed through regenerator." By the arrangement tensive means are taken to filter it t ive sets, but it will be understood
of certain circuits he was able to out. This whine is of such a lilgh that it is much more difficult to ad-
the experimental sta&e, I am
make the vacuum t ube osciJJate at a pitch, however, that it is soon lost in just the three circuits when one tube
prepared to stand behind each frequen cy which had a certain rela· the broadcast sounds a nd is not ob- Js acting as a combined generator,
instrument with my unqualified tton to lhe incoming osciJJation of jectionable. d etector, and amplifier than when
guarantee. the eO:ergy waves. This new arrange- Because of the principle upon each of these functions is being car-
lllent did not pre">ent the vacuum which It iB based the super-regenera· ried ou t by a single tube.
MY KEYNOTE is simplicity tub·e from starting to hii:is or oscillate live set is fundamen tally a short In the paragraphs that follow di·
of operation. No knowledge of When the limit of regeneration was wave local receiver. Us efficiency rections are given for the construc-
SIDF. VJF.W FRO:'\T s mE 'rTEW
W ithout YLEW Wi th ~Uca electricity or wireless is required. reached, but it did errectuaJly pre- decreases rapidly as the wave length tion of a work able one tube super·
Co.ndenser Conuen•cr Yent the generaUon of conUnuous
50e 75c is increased. The shorter the wave regen erator. In view of what has
Weather conditions of any kind do oaclllation.s. That is, as soon as the the more efficient it is. Likewise on just been said concerning the
Different inconstruction. lnaures bette1'
l'e&ra!ts. • Compact. Neat. Not.bing to wear not interfere in any way with your Bet commenced to oscillate a lOca l distant stations the set does not com- added difficulty Lo be e.n cou.ntered in
out. Varies r~istance gradually and smoothly. perfect enjoyment of this instrument &ctlon blocked it for an mstant Then pare in sensitiveness with th.e more making what is known as a "flivver"
Mounted Back of Panel. Adjusted from Front. the incoming signal registered an common simple regenerative sets. super -regenerator, it ma.y seem
Ready for delivery on or about June 15th. instan t before the oscillations rncom· strange that this is the only one to
tnenced, but again the local action Multi-Tube Super-Sets An. b e described in this manual .The
For Best Results Say VARIOTONE.
blocked it, thllS making it p ossible Preferable. select ion i; made i'or one reason-
At your deaJen or send purchase pnce
and we will supply you promptly. to carry r egeneration far beyond the The most desirable forms of super· available space. It seemed to the
REG . U.S. PAT.OF,-. \!ritical point.
MAl-'Ul"ACTiiRED BY regenerative sets Incorporate three e ditors to be & better procedure to
The NATIONAL RADIO DISTRIBUTING CO. MA..>.rCFACTURED BY As would be expected, if the idea tubes, one being used as an oscil- treat a smaller set more fully than
EOWARD B. ,JORDAN. JR. ii reasoned out, \here is a hum or to skim over the general d°etalls of a
51 West 19th Street, New York City 99' CHA.'\rBER·S $ 'l'REET lator, one as a detector, and the thl.r d
Whining sound that Is always present as an audio frequency amplifier. more exten&ive outfit. And the re-
 Ra ct i o Manual 27

I I. ·. (-{
liiiiilJ

J.: .. \
I ~....-:'..·-~··~ ?11~-i;··
1- . . ....
WIRE.LF.SS APPARATUS
'f181ver pictured Is a most successful
e. with. a minimum of parts ®d of
_.tfcal adjusLments. As a malll'r
the accompanying sketch. Drill the
necessary holes, bl'velling orr lbe
ends of tbe pn.ncl in ol'der to mako
llon of a cabinet ready-made Is far
better than the builder can lurn It
out h imself. The cabinet itself s hould
. ~ ··, ~·-~~'a~ at fact, its adjustments are but rwo, a llnug flt when the panel ls mounted be fitted wll11 a cover.
:..'-- j • : ·:·
~ variometer to con tro l tb.e rege nera· lo the cabineL To listen In, turn up the rheostat
llon and the condenser for close tllil· The vn.riometcr should b e pu.r un lil the tu tie shows a fair brillia ncy.
~th,
j12 ."The Complete Quality Radio Line" ';"10 liiJ.
With. a 20-inch loop th is receiver
chased com plete. Uy doing th.is bet-
ter r esult.'\ will be secured. A pur·
Ne,•er allow the [llam ent •to burn
brighUy, as It may mean Lhe destruc·
•ould do remarkable ·w ork on sta· chased variometer is far more effi· tion or t.11r tube-. Adj ust the con·
ASK YOUR DEALER FOR BESTONE Ions vdth in fifty miles and on power-
$bl stations within lwenly-five miles
cient th.an a home-made one, and as
only one tube is to be used every
denser dial to lbe wave length de·
sired. Turn variometer handle for

,
\'ARJOMETl-:.R!'I \'A Rl()('O l ' Pl. ER::i llbould a:n:i.pllry sounds sullicienUy Lo
TRA .'.'SFOR)IER;:, litUe advantage must be taken into proper amplification. and finally turn
CRYSTAL ll1'71"E('TORS HEAD 1' E~
l;-\STl< t::u:E!\'T D I ALS TEJ.J.:t'll ONE PLUGS
V. T . f: OCJO.~
Ri\010 JAGrul .)i)'f:'i''; ~ra te a loud sr1caker. consideration to get rP.s.ulls. The th e loop lo increase lhe volume.
JUIEOSTAT!'
VA.Rl.ARJ, E CO:"l llENSERS
SWI'.l'Oll POC~TS
l'OTENTIOlll~T:ERS
FIXF.D COXOJ<:NS ERS
SL.Il>E li.~
JN:;;t;LATOBS
BJ~DJSG 1'0.Sl'S
,• ."/(i//r/! ;f I

iitttm~ .,
··.
.. ·,~,.·- ~~~ ~--:~
....." = 1'..
· For the ' ' actllion trip this small
mpacl set will add greatly to the
vario meter should be mounted on the
right of the panel, a.m11Je room being
INU. ._ \\'lTCTTE-; ··· I c · . }
DATl'ERT SWIT<'HElS n BArrERJF.S ',111w,- ·.. ea.sure to be derived. A list of all allowed in ord<'r to secure the DL·

\~\m~. .-
RJ,;CE H'J:--G l>1'..T"
.e necessary parts Is given: One 1,250 above this. A!ler the varlo·
•!'l Made by a reliable firm, known throughout the world, who for 05 variable condenser ty pe; one meter has been securely fastened to
many years h ave been marketing quality dectrical and rnual 1Ll,250 11oneycomb coil; one DLl,500 panel p lace t he DLl.250 honPycom b
specialties. 7:3
1neycomb coil; one .001 fixed con- cou in a position above th e var lo·
:.senser; one .002 fixed ' phone con- meter s o that ll lies horizontally, say
HENRY HYMAN & COMPANY, Inc. denser; 45-volt plate battery ; about on e-half Inch above. The DL
Ex.-eotiv" Offlc.,.,, Manufacturers Rrnnch: Gile variometPr; VT 1-vacuum tube, coil can be secured by usi ng a small
4 76 Hrosulwa.y :! I '? \ \ '. AUMHn .A n·.
.'.'ew York C'hlr11~0. UL better known a11 the J tube; one p iece of composition panel strip a nd
rheostat; three dry batteries, and Lhe brass brackel as shown in the photo·
Decessary hardware. Jn laying out graph.

I 715
';t 1
714
«f,
.
,
730
.

~
.

711
the variometPr a nd lhe condensrr
1he builder may have to place exten-
sion shafts on U1e prel!ent shafts in
order lo moun t lhe lnslrumen ts away
from panel.
, Nine small flashlight batteries
should b e purchased and soldered to-
The vacuum tube socket in this
case is moun ted in the cPntre of the
panel wward U1c base of it. A good
vacuum tube socket should be pur
chased, espP.cially one made ot high
grade composillon.
T he condrnser should be mounted
Rear of Completed Flewelling.

One or the most inter estlng of

r eceivers embodying in some degree
the fundamrn tnl!I of the s uper-

• . I The Neon Lightning Arrester

- -- - - - -- - -- - - -- -- -- - - - ---:--- - -- - - - - - -- --- - ---==--====::;, gelher. This would give about 40
Battery Charg1ng "f'Olts. When soldering the conncc·
u.ons together a wad of tape should
on two strips or panel measuring 4

*inches Jong, ~{? Inch wide, anJ about

Inch thick. A piece o r brass sheet-
regenerative S<'l is the Flewelling.
As in the case or llle Armstrong the
details of thl' action are much too
compllcaL<'d and ouscur e for this
- be rolled around th l' dry cells, merely ing measuring Hh3 ~ M.ches should
The foremost Lightning Ar- as a support to bold th e m together. treatise, bul fortunai t'ly the details
Don't send your battery out for r echarg- be neatly fasrrned by scr ews to the
of construe! ion a re such lbat any one
rester on the market. The source used to s upply the n ee· strips. On top o[ t his, in i ts proper
ing- It protects against Lightning essary ruamcnt current to the tube location, Ji; mounted ihc con denser .
with a knack ot following sugges-
Get away from inconvenience. Charge it and Light-service circuits. II a dry battery, tb rce cells giving T his second honeycomb coil is Uons may build an outfit that should
prove satil!faclory.
at home with a Helps eliminate static. mounted underneaU1 lhr condenser
Approved by the Underwriter instead of on top, as ln lhci> case or
the rnriomNrr. Ample room w ill be flewellina Set Obviates
Laboratories and the Tribmie
King Battery Recharger Radio Laboratory. found for ii . lt should be secured
In the same man ne r as the other coll.
Larae Coils.
The principal feature of the F'lcwel·
For· indoor and outdoor 1D1!.
In placing the two coils either can ling circuit ls tb.e bank of lhree con·
with safety, ease and speed. l'ric~ Sl.~O
Everlasting. be used in either pla<'e, but where a <lensers anc.l the critical grid leaks.
• l1fE NEON UCHTNINC ARRESn:R can also be DLl,250 is used a l,500 m ust be used The other materials needed are two
Both types-vibrator or bulb. Every safe u.ed aa r~tifier for srnaJI c:urrenu of Max. 5 M. A. in Lhe corrrspon.dlug space. honeycomb coils, a DL50 and a 0Li5,
charging rate for home us~. NEW NEON RECTlFIER, capacity 150 M. A; oper- The loop aerial used in conjunction a 23-plate vernier condenser, a bard
ating voltage, 220 volts up. Idea.I for chargfog
Be SUJ·e of the name-RADIO A for the B Batteries. No 6larnent. No m-oving paru. with this portable set measures 2 vacuum tube such as the WDll, the
feet square. Two strips of composl· 20L~ or the VT2, about 90 volts of
vibrator type, and ELECTRON for the PRICE $6.00
SHIPPED PREPAID TO ANY PART OF T HE U. S. A. The Flewelling Circuit. tion panel wer e used. T he strips D batte ry and a suilahle A battery
bulb type. Both have unusual features that THE NEON LAMP WORKS, Inc. mrasured % inch square. A groove •for the particular t ube used. A two·
NEW YORK CITY j enough voltage to hold out for at
make their operation simple, safe and sure. I•------------------------J.
62 WEST 14th STREET
least lWO days' entertainmenL Sbould
was made ever y half Inch to hold the
wire. When clamping both slrips an
coil mounting should be provided In
order lhal the coupling bel wf'Cn the
All good dealers. Insist upon the product - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - lhe set be used at home where a othi>r piPce 5 inches square was usl'd, two duolaterals may easily be \'aried.
of the • ALPHA ·- VACUUM TUBES s torage battl'ry is available it would and clamped as shown in photograph. Some experimenters, it should be
For Wireless Reception. Paten t applied for. be a great advantngc to the exprri- T he conductor V>as .Xo. 20 silk· stated h ere, have obtained excellent

KING ELECTRIC MFG. CO., AJphB 'l'ypfl r. 5 ,·olt. .25 Ampero..11.

Alt•ha T y11r l1 l'f.: volt. .2r. Amprrts. 1 Ul'ycell.
Nt>we~t Alphn T yttn h r, i¥., volt. .011 .\ mpere. 2 ))ryceU~.
mepter if this source or power could
be used. Dry cell blllll'l'les are only
1
covered wire wound to twenty turns.
T wo terminals a re brought down lo
results by l!Ubstituing a Tariocoupler
for th ese two coils. Lf this is done
INC. rtute vnltnge, 20 lo 90 ••nits. AIJ '<tanclnrd bns.,... intended for usr when the set ls make connection with the binding the n umber of turns on the second·
The q uRllty o r lb<-&e Vacuum Tobrs l~ of the bigb~st and
Buffalo, N. Y. fully gunrru1t ef'd. act.bally on the road. l)ost at the top or cabinet. a ry must be Increased by about 100
PRJCE $5.00-Any part of U. S. A. Secure a piece or composition 'f he cabinet for this !'et measures per cr.nt. Since the n umber ot turns
Southgate & Company ) lunaJn.-tured by DE.\L.ERS WA::\'TEJ>
parlel 8x14 lnchl'S, measure of[ the 8x.14 incbes. The purchase of the already on the rotor varies with l!:e
Ea.s tem Sales Agents neoessary dimensions as supplied in panel is advis ed, since tb.e cons rruc- make of instrument, the use of a 'l"ar-
3.5 Warren St., New York, N. Y. F. ALEXANDER, 62 W. 14th St., New York City
jAsK ANY "ALL-WAVE" COUPLER USER. THEY ALL GET 1
IOCCJupler frequently calls for consid·
Radi o Manual 39

STATIONS adjustments. The figu r es noted on

DX
first be denoled by the ramlllar
_.ble experimen Lallon before lbe t he drawings are the values Lhat "wbisp," as 1n any regenerative set.
LOUD AND CLEAR eocrect turns are found. h a\·e been round most suitable by a Once thg location oC the station bas
The three condens~rs in the bank number of rad io fans who have built b!'en found It should be easily tun ed
WITH THE GENUINE AND GUARANTEED Jsaye a capacity eacb of .006m!d. Only the set. in by means of Lile condenser and the
-ftrst·grade mica condenser s should
"ALL-.W AVE" ( TRADR ~ I ARK)
be used here. Paper condensers are
apt to be punctured by the high fro.
Stepa to Take in Operatinir tbe
f1ewellina.
The first s tep is to place the two
vernier.
When the stat.Jon is tuned ln
clearly ii Is posslble that the whistle
cuency currents Lhl"y must wilhsumd, duolateral coils close together. Set ls still so loud that the sounds are
COUPLER and when this happens It is difticult
to "tay the trouble a t their tloor un·
the twenly·th r ee-plaLe condenser so
that the movable · plates are hair way
smothered. To ''ear u p the v;blstle
aller the grid leaks s lightly until the
leN very special testing apwatus in m esh. Place Lhe phones just fo r· pitch of tho whistle becomes so lilgh
And any one of the Several Simple Super Semitive Single ,. employed. So to play safe It Is ward of the ca rs, so that the sudden as to be ncgllglblo.
Circuit DX Hookups far more economical to buy the bet· start of the oscUJaUons when t he While some re markable distan ce

L
with each Genuine and Guar- ter grade first. tube is Ugh ted wlll not affect the
GIVEN FREE anteed "All-Wave" Coupler The Flewelling set will work with ear drums. T hen light the tube. Im-
r ecords ha vo been scored with the
Flewelling, IL, like the Armstrong, Is
either antenna or ground, with both m ediately the phones should indie.'lte essentially for local work. High
It is an established fact that any one of lhe simple Sinitle Ci rcuit or with n either. Usually it will work
hookups used in conjunction with lh C' Ge nuine and GUARANTEED the presence or the " Flewelling whis. amplification ls gained by increasing
"A LL-WAVE" COU PLER will bring in "DX" stations louder and J>:uent, Grontw beat wlth a good antenna or a good lie." ll no sound results, adjust the the plate voltage, the limit of Lhls
clearer than any double cir.:uit can. ----------~ iround, hence I! eiLber one Is avail· two grid leaks either simultaneously voltage being determined by th e type
able plans should be madE> t o utilize or singly until a noise is heard. It of tube used. Wllh a WDll tube this
WAVE LENGTH 150 to 3000 Meters It. Reception without antenna and
sround is possible, but except in cer·
may even b e found n ecess ary to is reached at about 135 vol ts, with a

PRICE, $9.00 i!*.:C!l :;ea1 saving

vary the condenser sllghUy at the 20L'\ at about 200 volts and with the
taln well-balanced rPceivers the re- same time. IC connections are fol · VT2 at 250 volts.
811lts are unsatisfactory. lowed and all parts are per fect one One disagreeable property ot the
ALL VARIOMETERS, VA:RIOCOUPu:RS AND LOADING COILS ARE ELIMINATED The DL 50 coil Is both pri mar y or more ot these moves s hould result Flewelling circuit is the presence of
and seconda ry with the 23-plale

.J
6 HOOKUPS SENT UPON RECEIPT OF lOc TO COVER COST OF MAILING. in the generation of oscillations by an exorbitant amount of stray C!l·
Ternler condenser directly across It the tube. , When these start the n ext paciry. This boLher~ome feature can-
58-60 LAFAYETTE ST
Capitol Phonolier Corporation NEW YORK CITY
for tuning purposes. The DL 75 Is
the tickler coll and is inserted in Lhe
plate circuit. Tbe position of the
move ls to loosen the coupling be·
tween the two coils. "Loose nln g U1e
not be entlrl"ly elhn ~nated perhaps,
but it can be reduced to a point
coupling" means LO separate them. where opC' ration is made easier by
Cl?ndensers is best shown by the dla· As this is donl" it is probable that shielding the Inside of the panel
gram. This wiring diagram should lhe tone or lhe whistle will cha.n ge with a copper shPel This bit or work

!Pilot Radio Products!:l' . -MURDON~

be followed in eYl'ry detaiL gradually, growing higher. Tr the might as W<'ll be done while the set
A.s mentioned previously, the grid wllistle breaks and stops before a is being assl!mbled. because it is cer·
leaks are excl'cdlngly critical, par· broadcast station is brought In, bring tain that laLer on the user wllJ !lnd

DRY CELL TUBE tlcularly the one across the bank of

condensers. ln selecllng the leak
care should be to.ken that the instru·
the coils together again, a lter lhe po-
sition of th e condenser s lightly and
try again. At some point the stations
it absolutl'ly nc1cessar y and the la bor
in taking down a set after once gel·
ting It In working order is not to be
is ideal under all conditions for ment used hlls lhe most gradual ot will be heard. Their presence w ill disposed or lightly.
clear and dependable reception.
One dry cell, l '/ 2 volt, will
operate efficiently.
The New Murdon Super .08 oper-
ates on two dry cells for first and
subsequent relays. It draws .08
Amp.
Also t he Murdon A 5 works from
3 to 5 volts; draws 1/4 amp. Highly
recommended for volume.

Each tube is fully ~uaraoteed

New List Price on Each $5.50
MFRS. OF HIGH GRADE
T
Condensers, Plugs,
Jacks,' Etc. MURDON APPLIANCE CO.
160 Fifth Ave. New York
PILOT ELECTRIC MFG. CO., INC. Sold to dealers only Rear view o f the popular Reinartz circuit, known for its sel ectivity.
113-119 Broadway, - BROOKLYN 1 N. Y. Radio fans inquire of your dealers.
 ·.; .,,
I -;~'.. ·

t R.adio Manual 41

A Letter That Will Interest

Fl•rrn Xo- 308
:M Sk.>1·10·::-D.1'
Every Reflex Receivers
THE MARCONI WIRELESS TELEGRAPH COMPANY OF CANADA, LIMITED

Radio Dept. ,
March 2 , 1923.
Avonmouth, G. B.
s. "· "'1\D'.Tltn.::-;"
STATION Radio Fan Theory of These New and Sensitive Sets, With Suggestions
U . S. Tool Co ..
Newark , N. J. Marconi Operator on S.S. Methven on the Selection of Parts and the Construction
between Fastnet and Queenstown,
Gentlemen:-
! purchased two of your 43 plate con- off the Irish Coast, on F eb. 24, of One- and Two-Tube Outfits.
densers wi th 3 Plate verniers from H . V. 1923, using U. S. TOOL CON-
McKinnon , New Brunswick Radio Of fice. 108 One of the remarkable devc>lop· the cryst11I detector, which makes pos- ()[ the rotor. The condenser in Ute
DENSERS and one tube, heard menL'> of this epoch·making ye.ar is sible a di:-1lortionless rectifying cir· aerial is optional. The ran who ls
· Prince Will iam St. , St. John, N. B. Vv. G. Y .. Schenectady, N. Y. the so-called reflex i;ystrm of rece1•· cuit. conslderin~ the conversion of hJs
These condensers I connected in a set
tion. This circuit causes the same A ci rcuit sho\1 n is a one-tube rC'Oex <'rystal set into a vacuum tube set
using a t ickle r feed back circuit. There Ov'er 200.000 satisfied amateurs Lo date--
amplifying tubes to acl us mag:n.itiers with crystal detector. If this sE'l is should stully I.his circuit, for be may
are in all about 45 connections in my set increasing at the rate of 1000 daily.
just held by nuts, and not one is soldered. o! radio and audio frequencies with- mado up. thr builder should see that still use his crysral detector to good
You can purchase U.S. TOOL CONDENSERS out interference In such a manner the lt>nds a ni kept ishort and direct,
I am sure you wil l agree that ac cording at p1 actically all Radio, E lectrical and Hardware advantage. The onl y additional items
to the enclos ed cutting, your condensers stores. If for some reac;on your nearest dealer that lhree t u lles do the work of six thus making lhe set much more cf!l- needed Ln changing over that or t he
can not supply you notify us and we will be or two tubes do the work of four . cient. pl:i.ln t ube circuit is the use or two
work I've
. had no difficulty in picking up glad to Stl6 THAT YOU ARE TAKEN CARE A reflex amp!Jfier can be made One tube 1hat works particularly transformers and the crys tal de-
OF PROMPTLY.
distant C.W. or radio concerts with t hem and from a single electi·on tube and crys- well with the reflex is tile D f' \I' tf'>ctor.
have used them commercially (average 12 tal detector, the single tub1' i::c>rving
hours a day ) for the past 5 months, i n which U.S. TOOL CO., Inc. boUt as a radio fr<'quency and as an
time t hey have stood the test. given good MANUFACTURERS - ENG INEERS aud io .frequency nm1JIHl1•r. If it is
results and are just as good as new . 117 Mechanic Street desired to hav1> sufrich' nt am11lif:ica-
Yours truly, NEWARK, N. J. Uon to operate a loud s peaker It ii;

die.A•'-' -I.) . ~.~.A. N. T . City Di stributor

WlRELES" KW-:.LN CO.
New Je~Y Ui~tributor
1'~ ll. WI LSON Ill SON
usually n c>cessary to add two stages
or audio [requency nmpliCicalion. In
25 ('hur~h St ., U Lnfnyette St..
:\. \ '. City Sewar k, ~ . J. a reflex circuit th is is accomplhhell
by thr ee tubes. The f.irst LWO tubes
serve as radio arnpliriol's and al!io
as audio amplifiers. '!'he thlrrl Lube

MoreSALES MorePROFITS acts as th e detector tube.

JMPORT NOVELTY CO. supplies in youy window

attract CU8tomers to your store. And IMPORT
"CURTANTENNA" A Workable Single Tube Reflex

.• .• ••1
NOVELTY CO. &aler discounts allow you to sell f~1u•·11l p,.u,llns\ Circuit.
lower and make more. l
At Last - T he Loop The circuit about to be described Is
rrtrn$./
B Berl:
INITIALED BINDING POSTS I Little ~ales moan All Radio Fans Have
very simple and cnn be made u1• by $0Votts
, other f'ah:.H. !"h•l the beginner al a smnll cost. The
" ""-
• • •I liu1hlcr~ w1u1t
l!ln.lc<I bintllni; J>U8LS
ln-
Been WaitinS! For ldea of this simple set is to make use
A One-Tube Herlex Receiver.
to sa.Y'e panfil· tnflrk·
~ 1111;. T'hey IJuy tlll'rn or Ute tu be for both functions, as
~ rroul you and 11atu• T he only-n·ally- po: ~aul1' l11op_ ]:Oils up \•.-i1h- previously explainod. The incoming U201A. 'l'hP WDll or Wl>l2 liOPS
..-OVl"U: l 1LIJ:it b u y th•) r est of A final wort! about purchas.ing ap·
tbH r s upplle• In lhll out injuring or dibX"r::.nging Lhu \\ ;.-, s. T '1u oscillations are amplifil?d at rad io noL st>em lO prod uce i·esults, for tho
11 Jl!OOIU 151 E.CH COfW' ~rrn SC'T' s:.u'h" stnre If th• varatus. Do not lle influenced entirely
00.C -....,,...
sirice ls right. Our largest. and most efficienL loop whrn opmed- frequency by the vacuum tuue and simple> reason that the pla te of the
......._... _ .,._.._... t,....1oo-r., I i be T ~· I dlscounla by vrice. Pick out mer chandise Utat
11113lte your pric4"8 the smallest wh<1n clost'CI. Can be sot up in a ft·w U1 en passed on Lhrou~h llu! radio rnbe will not s mnd up under the plate
L'IPORT r;ClVELTY CO. loc is tmdemarkr'd and Lhat hns a
141 ""'"' ~ Stren ,._ ...... .._ o u • HtW YOIUC OTY Jn\V. moments. Comt-s with wall hrackPt swivel or frequency transformer lO the crystal load. The small ''N" tube, if avail- re putable manufacturer's name, to-
dll1 b<' attachro to door. Illl'al for sharp tuning- detector circuit, where they are rec-
DISTRIBUTORS FOR ' ulumc can bo varit.od at ploasurc. Positi\·e in
a ble, would bo a tube from which gether With proper rP.SE'3rCh facilities
Scr&nton Button Dials Work.rite Produch
tified and changed to audio frequency some r M;Ulls could be expectf'd. The brhlnd il. In radio work we deal
Klosner Rheoabla Cico Plugs ri'Sulls, auractivo i n app<>01rance. Cheaper than oscillation. main point, however, is to see that with such minute electrical Im pulses
majority or loops half the size, morn effectiYo than These oscillations are then fed
IMNOVELCO PRODUCTS any irrespc·ctivo of price. Over 1,200 miles ha,·e
the tulle has sufficie nt plate to stand that the best should be the rule
3 1 T Scrmton Di.h
back into the tube only Lo be again up und er pla te voltages recommended r:ither than the exception. A little
Spaghetti i>l-0n cm·l'nd on th<t "CurtanJl'nna."
Tranalonners Workrite Variometers amplified by the rnbe, whence the for the set additional outlay w ill well repay the
Fada Type Switch Levers Workrite Variocouplera ampl ified s ignal!; are then passed
Cico Two-Way Plugs Switch Points Ask your dcukr Ju si;rr y1111 t111r.. S11 mpk.s builde r by superior and consistent re-
on to the detector tuho. Thus it can How to Operate the One·Tube sults.
SuMco WD 11 Adapter Switch Sto!)S 1111d d11nu111s tmlw11s at nur officl's.
Luga 3" Auburn Dials be seen t hat with one lube we bave Reflex..
Initial Binding Posll Framingham Plain Rheotbts l>esc riptire .Circular on Request Wbat, is generally <tCCOmplished witb To operate this ou tfit the cat- Construction of a Two-Tube
Composition Bindine Poala Framingham Vernier ' two in other circuits. whisker should be in contact with Reflex Set .
Switch Leven Rheostall
Besides these advant.ages there are
2" Scranton Diab
3" Scranton Dials
Double Bindffi! Posts
Pilot Plags GREAT EASTERN RADIO CORP. two othe r outst.and jng features of
the crystal. T urn on the filament,
lighting the tube gradually. Continue
T he two-tube set is the equivalent
ot two s tages or a udio frequency am·
25 West Broadway, Cor. Park Place note. Tbe circuit Is quf<'t In opera·
Import Novelty Co., Inc. NE W YORK lion, inasmuch as there are no ~ube
turning the rh<'Ostat until a screech-
ing or rumbling sound is heard In
pllficatlon and two s tages or radio
frequency amplification. Using this
Manufacturers and Distributors noises. This is of extreme impor· the head telephones. This noise may
(Manufacturers of Creal & s tern 5 Tube Receirer) i::ct with a loop ante nna, the tan will
147 West 23d Street New York City tance on \"Pry W<'ak s!;;nal::;. Last, b e stopped by adjusting the secondary find that the signals come In c lear
but not Jea.'lt, th<' cir cult bring::; back variable condenser and the secondary and Mrong with a fairly good range.
 ""'
- --====::::..::.-
=- ;=-#-
~-= - ~·. -~--- - -_ - -~
- ~ --1~1 R adio Manual ~3

U.S. BUREAU OF LIGHTHOUSES INDORSES T he only additional frature if' the Th~ by-pass condenser wlll be
use of a by-pass condl'nsrr across The coupling use d LO t he best ad·
round o( great value to the e:tperi-

SPIDER WEB COILS the s econdary or U1e aud io frequency

tra ns former.
meoler and constructor. especial1y
wh<'n i nserwtl a round head tt!lc-
vantage on these shor t waves is that
of th e u·ansrormer. H eliminates
tube noh;es and allows the circuit to
r==-=~~ - • In the two-tube reflex circuit
shown , t he tub1>s act as radio fr~
phones or loud-speaking de,1ces. It operate qui etly.
this by-pass condeu:ser is lefl out of Using th e crystal det ector brings
qu ency amplifiers for lhe purpose of the circuit a round the head tele·
Eugene T. Turn ey's 1 Tur ney Spider Web Coils buHdlng up lht! incoming signal, to bti us back to the old days when s uch
• 1111 phones the 'phone!! have a tendency
patent on Spider Web a:re wound on automatic later rticlificd by mean.s of the crys· detectors wero In power . T he crys tal
to act as a choke coil. These small
Winding is the only one machines, also patented. is used in Ute reflex to great ad-
granted by the Govern- 1.] Absolute uniformity is vantage. 1l eliminates the nois es
ment. llJI ce1'1ain. trom lhe tubes and batteries and
ma ke t h e set dJstorlionless. These
~·- ?' ~-- • 1'5:! -~ ---,;:;==.--~.. gains offset the loss in slgnal
TURNEY SPIDER WEB PLEX strength.
Yes, Government Bureau tests tell t h e story-S pider Web Windings have proved to be the b est form A loop aerial is r ecommended with
of Inductances in Radio today. And so they will b e us ed in Government L ighthouse Sets. the r eflex circuit, bu t a n outside
Turney Spider Web Coils arc wound by a newly patented machine that keeps the wire completely sur- aeria l wiJI function as well. Of
r o und ed by dielectric, 95% o f which is ai r. Result-harmonics whid 1 arc exceptionally pure an d many times course, thl' inhe rent tube noises and
m o re resonant th an ordinary hand-wound coils. And ch eaper, less bulky, more e fficient than Duolateral atmospheric static noises will be
Coils.
greatly eliminated if the loop is used.
Wave length rang~6o meters with cond enser in shunt. No body capacity. E liminates the Variocoupler
as a Tuning Wlit.
!1,1'I Potential of B Ba t tery la Important
T he Radio News says ed ito rially: ··w·
w<1l•r rn1• i;rcdirtin11 t11at ,<;pid1 r TVcb, or ba.9kc t tc1'a.1:c, COils will be llvdlo
"USCd b11 Hadi-0 Experimc11ters c:rclu11ivdv hr/ore 111a1111 1tttJ11tlu; hare pa11sect:· FreqC/. Factor.
See your dealer, or mailed dire~t on receipt o f cash or m oney order (n o stamps o r checks). $4.50. ,I. Trtms. The two-tube circuit differs slightly
Hookups for tube and crystal sets mcluded ... . . · · · · · · · •· - · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ~II from the one-tube set in th at it uses
.001 ~ • a tube as a means of detection. The
TRISTAN SALES .CORPORATION .~
I . .

~
I
plate vol tage of this set depends on
p r-.....:.;;- whether a hard or soft tube is used.
Sole Nationa l Distributors No. 1 UNION SQUARE, NEW YORK CITY 45 l! A soft tube> ls recomme nded, but in
-;=- _· ~ - -· ' "--
_ such a case a vernier rheostat must
'"'"'"AN be employed in the circuit When
constructing such sets extreme care
.-\ Two-Tube Reflex Reech ·cr .
me Koehler Vernier Condenser should be taken in the wi r ing, kee p-
l&IS N<>: ---·-··--·- ·1 tal or vacu um t ube detector. T be
ing all wires that m n parallel as far

Advance Battery Co.

by-pass condensers, whi ch are of .002 a 1JnrL as possible, a nd making sure
e n tire receiver can be enclosed in a mfd. ca1>acll ~·. arc css1>1nial, and no
,.... "f ... ,.,_( h '.l I that there its n o chance for a shor t
compact case and made to operate

~ -
reflex cir<'uit will runclion satisfac- circuit. 1f further amplification or
successfully on a loop a Pr ial. torily unless lhey arc JJrop erly placed th e signals Is desired lhe batteries
l o the a ctual applicalioo of this in the circuit They must also be of Of the am plifier should be separated
clrcuJ t t he re are :;;everal d lfflcu lliPn Lhe corr<'Cl value. • from Lhose of the circuit prope r.

® ®
FOR that. have t o be overcome. The lubPs, T here ar" ,·arJous wa~·f'( in which l.f am plifier tubes are used in all
tor instance, must be coupled for coupling may be employed. For the
LOUD SPEAKERS ihr<'e stages the B balte~· should b e
both radio an d audio frequency cir-
TRANSM ISSION
cuits, but in plucing an audio fre·
GRID - BATTf;RIES ,,,,, • IO'il
qu ency amplifying transform<'!' in a
circuit in which radio freque ncy cur-
llo\TE rents a re flowing the windings of t.be
secondary a ct as a choke coil and
preven t l he t1ldio frequency cur rents
from passing.
Especially designed for R~dio Work. To overcome this a condenser is
Noiseless operation and long life. j Shun t ed around the secondary wind·
u.~t of K oelrler Products : ings of the audio frequency trans-
form er, unless the secondary winding '---~---<'-~~--~-+-~~--E--+-~~--ot~
Manufactured by experts of over CONDENSF.RS ~t'f>lf,

3-r htte Cnnd rn'icr ! l · l'ln.te ConcJ e ns~r. or the a udio frequency transformer _ __.__ _ ......_ __ _ .!..---o-o
twenty years' experience in the bat-
tery business.
,';- P iute C'o ndcn•ri.
I 1- l'lute Conden11er.
43-Plute Cond('n>ot·r. has a sullicienUy high distributed ca-
pacity t o tpake Its im pedance low. Reflexin g With Three Tubes.
...
VERNIER TYPE
H -I'l"le Vernlr r Cond C!O•t r. with hnkellte dhol. The A,merican -ma de tube has a high
'.!·I- Pint o V~ rnJer C'ondon•er, with h!•kellt o diul.
internal capacity which is bad for
At, all g ooll dealers. 4G-Phlte Ycrnltr Coudeflijer , with bnk.. llt o di:tl.
R. F . amplification .
s h or ler waves the coupling may con- r egulated so that the prope r voltage
VARIOCOUPLERS sisL of an ordinary choke coil, radio is applied to the respective pla tes.
180 drg. Fibre tublnJ. br o u-u <"o.-r ~ wire . The amateur attempting to build !requC'.ncy transformer, or a tuned
ADVANCE BATTERY CO. 180 olr g-. (;enulnr nutun•I bak('lit,. tubin lt'. !:Tt'('U fill.k covered wire.
Gen nl nr noturnl rolo r1'<1 bnkcli t.e \ll rlnmeter, i;n>('n s llk eoTe:red.
W1" <i Tr>Lp, w ith 3-lnc h bakelite dlul.
r etlex sets should not employ r egene- impedance. Due to the fact that we
This Is accomplished by expe rimenL
Usually between 40 and 70 vol ts a.re
ration, for once the tube star ts oscil- are most interested In Uie 360-metcr
506 West Broadway ~lA.~ACT U RED BY found best for the pla tes or the tubes .
lating th e whole set may become to 492-meter wavo lengths of the and s ometiines as h igh as U5 v ol ts.
NEW YORK CITY KOEHLER MACHINE & TOOL CO. para.Jyzed, due lo the tubes becom- various broadcasting stations, \\'e ln the diagra m the p la te current is
152 Sussex Avenu.,, Newark. N. J. ing choked. muH give our attention to that wave. ind icated as 1,000 volts, but th e real
 ~ · ~~ ~
R.adio Man u al 45

It Does Make a Big Difference value is obLalned only by experi- ton covered or bare, can ba used to positive side of the 100->olt line and
ments. make up the loop. the primary side of the radio fre·
In the actua l applica tion or Lhis When the amateur begins to llllle quency transformer in the seconcl
HERE IS A WHERE YOU PURCHASE circuit there are several difficulties In for DX stations he will hear con- tube amplifier. The coil used for th1.>
to be overcome. The tubes, for in· siderable howling, which can be inductance in the set i s a DL50 or 75
PHONE YOUR RADIO GOODS stance. must be coupled for both easilr eliminated. Some of this with a .001 mfd. variable condenser
Th.t bu stood the eudin1 radio and audio Crequency circuits.
lest ol one ol the Best Radfo
labon.toriea in the country. but in placi ng an audio frequency

''The New York's Leading Radio R etailer amplifying tran sfo rmer in a circuit
ln which radio frequency currents
are flowing the windings or the sec-
Rr !rans

National ondary act as a choke coil and pre-

vent the radio frequency currents

Ultra tone"
Loud and Our. Twice the
amount we are quoting this
W E gained our prestige
in the Radio Field and
the honor of the a bove title
because we served the public
best.
s OUR EIGHT LARGE
SHOW WINDOWS
OUR WONDERFUL UP-
Crom passing. To overcome this re-
sult a condens<>r is shunted around
U1e secondary of the audio rrequency
transformer, unl ess, as sometimes
bea!Uet at could not pur-
chase a better one. T E STAIRS SHOW ROOMS. happens, the secondary winding of

1l1 1tlj~~-i.
the audio frequl:'ncy transformer has

I
Guaranteed to give aali5-
faction. a sufficiently high distributed ca-
LIST $7.50
SPEC IAL
T HOUSANDS of Radio
Parts and Sets always
in stock at reduced prices. E OUR ADVERTISEMENTS
IN THE PAPERS.
pacity to make Its impedance low.
If the UV201A is used the builder
should purchase a 25-ohm rheostal
006

ln order to control tile tubes prop- '--~~~~Cr

~:y
~s_!o._~_Oele_c_lo
_r~~~~--'
$3.85 erly. F.WH
"T

LIBERTY RADIO co. Different tubes have a decided ef·

feet on lhe set as a whole anU if no t
A Sing le Tube Reflex That Has Proved Its Worth.

~~~
properly confildered the whole circuit howling can be ea.sly reduced by in series w hen the aerial and grou nd I
may be a total failure. Many radfo

._--------~~----~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-O~R~
106 Liberty Street, New York City regulating t hP. filament rheostat. are usPd as m ea n s of antenna.
frequency transformers in combina- Careful adjustment or the filament lt U1e loop aeria l ls used It will ,
WHOLESA LE R E TAIL MA IL tion with various audio frequency voltage of the second amplltier tube somPtlmes t end to make the tubes
transformers have been tried ouL and delector will be found to be the "spill over." Should the t ube oscil-
With this set either a erial or loop c1·lticnl adjustments. late too much, recluc e the value of I
THE TODD BATTERY may be used. The Joop Is rncom·
m ended and the one used success-
ll will be noted lhnl for stations
or the 360-m eler class the detector
th e capacities In the condensers that
are in shu nt to the secondaries of the
Th e Right Battery for Dest R esults
ONE THAT WILL LAST YOU A LIFE TIME
SABCO fully with this set was wound on a
frame wilh fourteen turns spaced
three-eighths of an inch apart, the
filament will r equirp more curren t
than (or some of tile 455- and 492·
meter stations. The variable grid
audio fr<"·quency transformers. ID
using the UV201A amplifying tubes
it will be found that most of the
JUNIOR outer turn having a dlamctl'r of 23 leak also is an Important faotor. The tuning will be done wilh Lhe con·
A Portable Outfit Inches. Number 20 wire, either cot- 'phones are placed across the plus or denser and filament rheostal
Single Heat
El ficienl ELECTRIC
TifE TODD B A T -
TERY it an indestru c-
SOLDERING
t i b I e recharge.ble IRON
Storage "B" Batte.r y,
made up of Edison Specially cons tructed

-
(' 'Ul.lt.C.f
Storaie Battery Ele- -..o l~
.• to meet the re-
" 1

""
meiita. Will wor k \
0 ·11.n
The Sabco Junior quirements of
any Radio Set. En-
tire C4'pacity can b e ... '"
• • ri1u· 1; _... )
is a worth y little radio work.
utilized. brother of the fa-
mous family of Sab- A tool I hat will
givr !J°'' ab-
ECONOMICAL SAFE
~
co Electric Soldering solute 1at-
lfas no lolernnl di.sebarge• Irons and is absolutely isfacticm.
This remnrkJ\1>11" bntle r y
will repny itself l u 1-.:1
t.11erelore It cnn snfely guaranteed agains t de-
o.land on ;vou.r sh rll ror 1> fects in workmans hip or
thnn l yenr. Ae tnnl ornounl leoi.'1hy r> o r i o d will1ou t
of c un't'n t r equir ed for dnn;;-tr of tl~t·hrt:r:;iJllr itR•lf.
material for a period of one
charginl:' cost.~ nbout 2 t;nlik• l~nd- urld ar dry-cC'IJ year.
c.-nts, a ud t u ch ch!>.rge will bntl erle., lh" T ODD will
l »t f r om 2 to 6 month •• not bC' in,jur eJ hy n 1<l1orl- Do not accept a s11b!ltitute. If your
clrcnit. dcali'r ra11not 1mpp/11 11nu u:c will
W e mak• them in 2 sl:r..,,,: -
scr1d vo11r R..lBCO. rari:ful/11 pacl••:d,
.;5 Volts at .•.. $ 9.25 \11\fl. ()ltDERS carriage 1>rFpaid, 011 r<'rcivt of $5.00;
Pt<O)ll'TLY .P ll.LKD wc,;l of M£.s11issippi River $5.50.
100 Volt. at . • . . 16.50

rx:o:ea.Nj STRAUSS & BLUM, Inc.

DEPT. C.. 254 WEST4lstSTREET, NRWYORKCITY, N. Y.
W~R.?&DIXIE ~=~
R.a d 1 0 Manu a l -17
SATURN "AUTOMATIC"
RADIO PLUG The Storage Battery
TWO STORES:
I
18TH STREET AND 33RD STREET TO
7TH AVENUE :3-lTH STREET
$} .25
At the Svbte«l/ Station Just Ea.,t flf Sei:cnth Ave.
THE PL UG The M ore You Its Design, Formation, and Construction, With Suitable
WI TH THE l'ull the Better
T he R oad to RED SEAL
=-o mo"'
t he C on tact
taklnz< •?art to mato <ODntctlons. Juot
Hints to Be Follow ed in T estin g the Cells for Condition
lnsf"n t~ t.ttmluaht lnW thfl S&lum and a pcrleet
Good R esults cnnur:. Is ma~. So tttlltrUC'tod that pulllnl:' on ill•
C"Onls maJun1 tbf'! C4lnnectlon rnort OC)".!Uff\ Lf't TOW'
C'U9•-.nJffC. trJ' Lhls l f"l.,S. lh.-ar.sclf'tc. Jt • 1.11 t01.n1nce
and Arranging for t he Proper Recharging of
thew thU lhe- Ntum ·•A.utom&UC''' lt rar tuMrior tO
The road to good results with your
radio begins at the D ixie door. Your
:Wl' \:ltU" #tll 1hP 111&1'kt L.
ti on .Jn~t
J n~tabt&nCOU.S dlK'Ol\DOC•
L> toui hl111: Lhl.s h.,,.,.'
Er<I') pluz l• •e>.le<I and full>' guaranued.
Depleted Cells.
set cannot function properly unless
A storage batt<'ry is an essential brownh;b coacrd film Ji; peroxide of gether by a s trap, preferably burned
THE SATURN
. . . .,. . .. II
each instrument is of the bes t quality.
And what is greater a.:,~urancc of with recetving sets incorporating cer- IC'a.d formed by the action of the elec· on by beat and an uneven number
quality than PERFECT JACK tain types of vacuum lubes. These tr!c current. Th~ two lead srrips are of negallve plates attached in the
tubes-namely the UV200, UV201, now dissimilar and act exactly as a

;zU ~ e::
same mllnner to another strap. It
T lie D ixie Creed? VTl , and VT2- require such a high primary cell. must be rem em bered that there is
currenl for heating the f:llamen t to Tho plates which m a ke up t hese always ono more negative plate than
"The l1esf standard part., wld at low full brilliancy U1at some W~h en· small reTI!:; of e lect rical energy are positive.
prices with an 1111ce>nditio11al g1wrrmtre." 11tis Im.cl~ b an lm,pro~cmc-,11. 011 t1U oLber J1ckt11 M'I lha ma..r-
kl\L 'l"ht• {'nmiOQt o1T~t nllmn cuy "'Olllertnt. Th~ hra.1•kf!t t'
pacity source of electricity must be The electrolyte commonly used in
T hat is t7ic· D ·Ll:ie Creed. ma.de uf fi't a&.\, Nle!.kel l' ln.~ed , roumh.11 r-r1r11t1""'· 'Mi4!" llladd utilized. This is best supplied by l.he lead storage batteries consists of a
ur of !-;r1rb1if Orrman Sihe'r 111e Cor\W't r oH\11 Art Oenu.ine
Silrer. ·r1w Xh11Jll'l:'I are Shou.hlC'.r lYOf"i aml ard tu.rnbhed wlt.h storage battery. mixture or chemically pure acid, sul-
two wuhen, .)llcl«l PU.u·d end l'olbllet!.
l// hatever You Need X n. 1-Sin«l• Clm•lt Open •• , • • • • .. . S0.50 The oldest type of storage battery phuric acitl, and pure distilled water.
S o. % !<Ingle ~ircu lt l,1o"<d • • • , • . O.S5
for complete radio enjoyment, buy it :\t So. Z-.llnuhtt! f"frTnlt r.1&.Ptl ..•.. ·--· , • • 0.70
Is made up of leacl CPlls. There are The acid i::hould be made from sul-
Dixie. Com-incc your~clf that the best Xo. ~ ~im;I~ Ji"''ilanwnt Cont.rnl ••••.••.•••• 0.75 two cJassPs of lead cells, the classiri· phur and not from pyrlteh. The acid
So. ~IJoul;l~ Flhuru•ul Qlntrol ••••• ••• ••• 0.80
radio mcrcliandisc can sliU be sold a t W'tite for caulot llnd dltto<1nls. cation being based on the method of mixture Is usually designated by its
prices that save you money. Aoateurs: If d..J<r canntt •UPPIJI. or der dlr.ct
forming lhe ac tive plates. One or specific gra\·ity, I. e .. Its weight com-

"COMPARE and You'll Come to DIXIE"

The Saturn Mfg. &Sales Co., Inc. these methods has lhe a ctive ma· paretl with 1U1 equal Yolume or water.
BEEKMAN ST REET N EW YORK CITY t erial or the posiU•c plates formed One pint of purr waler weighs ap-
Out. C.•
directly on the surface of lhe platl's, proximnlrly 1 pound, while a pint of
an invention attributed lo M. Plante. pure concentratrd sulphuric acid
The other is called the "Faurr.. type wrigbs 1.835 pounds and is allutled to

qood~~I
and bas the acti•e material applied as <'ighleen thiny-five acid. The
to the surface of the plates in the proper acid <'lectrolyte is one having
form of a pasle. a sprclflc gravity of about 1.225 at
S1!!!JR
~ ~OUG.Ho¥1';
T he Plante type cell is consid<'rf>d
beavier and strong<'r than the Faw·e
ordinary temperatures wh<'n the cells
are fuJh· charged. The final specific
type, and possesses greater durability I Photo I.I) K. & 1:1.> ~avity on discharge should not fall
whe n subjected to sevi>re working below 1.185.
The hydrometer shows the condition

SO LONG STATIC The New Radio ''A" ~attery conditions. Since the Faure typo of
cell is n ot so heavy for a given out-
put it is usually adopted for use in
of t he s t orage batter y .

cons1ructed chiefly of lead. The

Jn mixing the acid and water lo
make the electrolyt<?, the water
should first b<' put into a ii:lazed
SHORT CUT ANTENNA BEST BY TEST FOR RADIO vehicles. pla1es ar<' generally cast and the eartbware jar and I.he acid slowly
pore:. fi!ll'd with oxides whose com- added in a vory floe stream to pre·
Replaces aerials, loops, socket-plugs, etc. Eliminates
LIGHTN ING dan gers. Reduces STATI C nnd other
Written 18 Months' Bonded Guarantee T o IUmtrate t he Prin ciple of
ponent pa rts are variNI, one comb!na- ve nt rxcessive production or beat
lioo produci.n g what is known as the and posi:<ible «i>xploslon. Never pour
interferences. Gives clearer signals and truer tone. Plate-Formation.
posiUvo and another the negative the water onto U1c acid. While mix·
Works on all standard vacuum tube sets.
Makes your set P 0 R T A B L E .
•• Ir two clean lead i;trips are placed
in a solution of <lilule sulphuric acid
platn. '
The positive plate consists of
lng the acid 'l\'lth the water stir
gPntly with a gla"s rod. Just after
(Size 63/.x21/ s ins.) Send for your and their unimmersed ends connected minium, 70 pe r cent.: lif.harge, 8 per being mixed, the electrolyte is bol
SH 0 R T C U T to-day. Sold by Radio Dealers Everywhere with a gafranometer or scnsili•e l'Olt- cent.; grapbil<', 12 per cenL, and and has a lower sprcific gravity than
Postpaid anymhcre~ meter no deOection ill noticeable. If
, ..,,....
~ If Your Local Deale.r Doe.s Not Carry Them white of E'ggs, 10 per C<'.llL, I.bl' latter ·when cold. Thr final adjustment of
in U. S. for $fLOO
a curren t from a primary cell or from
Safulactioo Gmra n- ~,, ingredient acting as a binder. For the specific gravity may be made by
teed or money
Write To Us Direct. any direct current source be allowed thr negalivo plates the litbarge Is adding a small quantlcy or pure water
to pass from one strip to thr other 95 per cenL, the Temaining 5 per to the cool<'cl solution.
refunded. through the acid sol:1tion for n frw cont. consisting of fin«i>ly divided The electromoUvo force and in·
•• mJ nutes, and the circuit lh<'n broken asbl'slos fibre or powd!!red porcelain. ternal r esistance depend largely on
and the strips a.g ain conn<'cted to The plates are made in various the density of the acid electrolytP.
the sensitive voltmeter, a movement sizes, drpencling upon the capacity The greater the density the greater
sRoKr cui: RAUlO
coitl'OR~i\O~
o v.e'f. r..~t.
SUTTER BATTERY CORPORATION
Formerly Ajax Battery, Distributors
of the meter v.·ill be noted. By ob-
s erving the portions of the lead strips
immersed in the solution it will be
called for, capacity in turn being
figured on size and area of plate,
and the number of groups of plates
the E . M. F., while the specific
resistance of diluted sulphuric acid
7.43 Wes\ S4tb Street 266 Sutter Ave. Dickens 0386 seen tha t one strip bas undergone no assembled. When a cell Is ready
is least at a spocille gravity of about
1.260 and Increases or decreases from
~f.W yoR\1. C\i 1
Brooklyn, N. Y. cha nge while the other has become
coated wi th 11 bro,vnlsb fUm. Tbh1
for assembly an even number of this value.
' positive plaw.s are connected to- The voltage of a lead cell when
 l{adi o M.anual 49

RecognizeQ Standard Uy cha1·ged is about 2.5 volts and

Greenwich Radio Company ou ld n ever bi> allowed to fail below
scale marked 1.000 to 1.300 on paper
wltbln and the lower rutrt of th t! lube
for test ing the density of the acid.
By sligllll.'' compressing tlle bulb and

185 GREENWrCH STREET

Radio Accessories on discharge.
Storage batteries are rnted in am-
being enlargl'tt to aboul twice ils
diameter. Tlus ba!;'.c containi; lead
i11serting the Rlentler tube throug h
the •ent bole in thl! cover or lhe cell
LOOP AERIAL R-C CABINETS 'l'he ampcm.··hour rating shot or some ht':ivy suh~rancc thal sufficient acid may be drawn up lo

.
NEW YORK CITY
R-C eans tha l thf' battery w Ill dell ver will causr it t.o ::olan<l upright a.c; ii float lhe hydrometer within the
large glass iube antl the re:11.1i11g made

We carry a complete line 4 ...,. ---r·~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

!/OV. O.C
at once. The ac·id Is r<'turned to the
cell by a~ain compressing lhe bulb
and the rea di ng or the next cell

of
" ~
In Knock Dow n F orm
Assembled in 5 Minutes
Retail Price
H'. ch Grade Mahogan.,ue
To MakL Home Furnisltinrs
ffinirr l op. Urt l(nob. l'o
con~t ruc•trtl thnt 1.m n cl b.
h><-'<etl iu - too und bottonl
diminat.in;; u~t' nr ~rrc-W:!t o r
clr llalu i: or pan•• (or ortncb-
+ 5-/00 C P.Lomps
taken. Should the hydro1neLt>r show
a readin~ ol Jes;: than 1.180 lhe bat·
terr should be placed on charge.
A.tter the storagr battery has been
in use for a short tltne its voltage

Radio Parts $1.00

ing-.
l'lln1l•h«l ~mJ)lrte w ltb
... Art"Cf'litrt• R ud iol t! Pnnt-1 or
wlU1ou1 pun•I. !\ dust co\'rr
c•ont•·s wltl1 t'n<'h cnhinet.
J ..n11k tor •' H -C'" lubel. R o-
L __ _ __ _ ___,,

Oo1.1ble Pole_. -~+I\ it"'

r:
O · Switch '--- - ---:::::i·
becomes lei;s than when first put
Imo service and it b1;>comP~ necessary
to recharge the ballery. The re·
charging may be done from direct
l ull 11rlc·..,, I OWC'r th1tn fo r othC'r
Eliminates Sammer Static C"11hi11.-1 ... or interior 0111.kr...
current wires or from alternating
All Makes of Sets a Specialty

EVERY IT E:\l
nny

7
7
R-C NUMBER 3 CABINET
To m1"1•I re an ir~mN1h for U1nse serlclng
n- 'i,.n h _'\."ltbl"' Lo w 11rkc1l c-.ubiu~t. :Unhog-
finisltt.~d.

I.
Hf:f.\JI . l ' IU CES
x 10. :F2.00 ...... "
x 12. ~. 15 t>OCh
x 18. $2.50 ~ ..b
': x ~ •. !.11} c och
To
.•
R~ceivmg S et
J r.w,
current malni< If some form of rec-
1.ifying device is <'ffif•loyed to con vert
the alte1-nating curront lnto direcL
current.
All vent caps should be remo\·ed
FULLY GUA RANTEED ; x 11. 2.t!i en~ h 7 it ! 4. 3.00 ea.rh How to Connect the Parts for Charging a Battery Fr<>m V . C. Linei;.
from thr batteries while charging.
Aak Your Dul er. Look for Labela.
W e will r;end you deaJer 'a name-. Distilled waler s hould be used. Al·
a certain number of amperes for a
Wholesale and Retail sink;; in till" eleclJ'OI) '"·'rlt p hydr1>- ways keep the plates covered with
The R-C MILLS, Mfrs. certain number o( hour:;. Tal\e a rneu•r may be placed in the solution water a t least ¥.? inch over th eir

MAIL ORDERS FIL LE D

II ,. . 303 Fo.urth Avenue
~ercy 4 139 New York City
40-ampere-bour batt ery, This bat-
tery v.·iJI dE-llver 1 ampere for 40
wber<' the c.-lls have open lops, but
usually tl11• solution ls drawn up into
lops. See that the 11olaritles oC the
batteries a.re correctly right to that
hours or 5 amperes for 8 hours. tile chambi:r of a S)Tlnge which con· or the charger. See that the charger
The higher the ampere-hour ratin~ Laios the hydromett:r. The hydro- is connected up properly to lhe
the lo nger the bnttery will go w llh· ml'ler syrin1t<' J,, a con,·enlent df>vlce source (If sur ply. The battery should

rAn Standard Makes of r

ou t cbarging.

NIAGARA
SUPER Q UA LITY
Radio Supplies
At Reasonable Prices
I Ste.rage Battery Capacity Rated
in Ampere-Hours.
It a vacuum lubo det" ctor alone is
being used, a 40-ampere-hour ball<'ry Vent Cops - 7~
R llllllll!I Terminal
RADIO "B" BATTERIES It will pay you to send for our mail order
pr ice list.
.Is suUlcif'nt. Tr ampltrlers arP em-
ployed an 80· or even a llO·ampere J llllllllHI· Post
Prices quoted on sets and parts desired. battery is more su.itable. Vacuum
tubes of th(' standard IYPI' require ' All!lll!lll Posirive
MONEY BACK GUARANTEE abou t 1 ampere each. so I.hat an 80· Plate
ampere balLery should Ojlerate a re-
Long Island Wireless Tel. Co. ceiving set of 3 tuhe:i for about 25
hours. after which the battery nmst
Wood
1171-ll73 Gates Ave., Bl'ooklyn, N. Y. be r echarged.
5eporo/or
Box
~~- -~~~ ~~
There are a number of ways to Negohve
gauge the conditio11 of a battrry Plate
ASSURE NOISELESS RECEPTION A NATIONAL RADIO TUBE SERVICE when lt is discharged. They are the
~t:U• l hrnl<<'n ()r Arnptl tlors
Uft yc,u 1r tmrn'lf.1 out or OC'tcct"lrA voltmeter process. the u mpere·hour
"H U ~Dfl~ G" anJ "SIZ7. LI~ G" uoiscs a r e en- llllll l"f't'elvt.• Jttru:hUUlll ulluwn.1JCC Ml the lHll'•'ha.se- or NEW
TTIUJo:;; meter process, and by the use or
tir cl.r elimin:it<'d . t::-.1.nnTED QT'Al\'"TT'T'Y ALWAY>1 0:-0: H.\......'TI FOR what is called a hydromrtl'r. With· Storage batteries coni.is t or alternatillg sets of positi\'e and negative plates
Powerful cell., of scicntifi r111ly proportioued llllTEOf ,\T.E Slill'Mt:XT.
s 11aced in each instance hy :.:: insulating ~epa rator and surrounded on all s ides
WP allow Y('H ~C\'(l'nty.rlv~ C(\ntw on llrl olrt r v 200 tn the! out any or lh<'se instruments it is
pure ingredi cnls assemulrd unde r rxpert laborator y lUr \~htOLe or n n~w onP :\nil nnt- nollnr nn \V n 11 a nd 12 whon
l
1uyl11 g "~"' Tubc8. CorrtHponulng nllow<Ltlces on au malrns. possible to jurl~e the condition of a by a s olution of sulphuric acid called the e lectroly te. rn building a battery the
supervision ~1nr:111tcc J.OKO T.TF.E- D EPF.KD- pos itive and ne.irativc plates are punched or drawn in the fol'm of grids and;
ABT.F, SERVICE - F.COXO)IJCAT. ~I. \T~­ RADIO TIJBES REPAIRED cell by applylne: it lo thP filamen t of
IN n~i:: WEEK
the tubes. Shou!d thf'y declinP to plas tered with a pas ty mixture of oxides of lead. They are then given a long
T E X AKCE. ru~tome~cr who t"urcha.81.'." ''"\"'' tub ... -. (rnm us arf!I t'Dtltle.rl to a
-c-pf'1.•lul •1f$t:ounl on rC'pnlr \\'t)rk_ Jn nthf!r worrt.s. we sell you light up brlHia.ntly \\"hN1 the full charge from a source of direct current which "forms" th e plates. This t erm
Every size for every type of set. ne\\ rube.~ a.net th"n keep tht.m in e.bAJJ~ tor you.. means that the ex.ides on the pos iti ve plates a re further oxidized and changed
Wr nlM u•11 n l1~· h•v~ "" l'l:tnd " ounnllty of 11nc11.lled !or re- voltage of th » bntti;ry is imprP-;sed.
flll rd llc.,u.soo tubes at nr)• motlerlno prlr.-s, all 11un.ra.nteed. into lead erox:ide, a brown chemical. 'fhe current aclis in the opposite manner
dsk !JOUr d.ealer or -zcrite us direct for 1111llPfi11. "01·n P.EPA rm::r• Tf"nr.!; ~T'E~R F l"'IP. T'Ff'Gll i'EL\o"""~ ••
It is an indlcation that I hP battery
/ on the negative plate and reduceis the degree of oxidation, thereby changingi
Wrl LI' to-1l1t)' for •'lrrulu 111 ~ which \\·IU t>l<Pli.ln all the needs charging.
the original lead oxide to the dull gray "spongy lead."
NIAGARA SEARCHLIGHT CO., INC. ""?!"lil.!t.
SK!l'llCE~'I\!! PttOl!PTLT ~£ADE C. O. D. T C> ALT, POI::-TTS
1:-1 THlil U. S. A.
However. the most USt>ful instru·
In the s torage batteries used fo r r adio all the positive plates in one cell
General S11lea Department ment to n ote the condition of a cnll
RADIO TUBE LABO RATORlES, a re connected together and. all the negat ive plates. Then the positive plates'
' Waverly Place, New York City or baltery is a hydrom eter. This is
VAlTC~J TUBE SPEM/\LIST". from one cell a r e connected by meW strips t o the negati ve plates o'f the n ext
;;r. RfCO.\D ~Rr:KT. ' .SEWARK. N. J~ U. $. A. a glass tube containing a graduated
ce ll, and so on throug h the three cells.
 I- "ANCHOR"
laced and kept on charge untll
Radio M an ua l

moving one lamp, one ampere will be

51

known as the A·battery. The ·proper

Lightning Protector reading o! lhe electrolyte shows
st l .225 or more on the hydro-
lost Crom the charging rate. The cor-
rect charging ampera.ge Is generally
voltage or the B-battery ls aboul
twenty·two volts.
1. Absolutely Weather marked on the battery b y the make r. The operator of a set should be
':Jhe ch<Jice of foremost Proof
r. Frequent readings should be
:e n while the battery is on charge. It Is always best to charge the bat· sure that both batteries are con·
E ngineers 2. Nothing to Deteriorate a ttempt shoUld never be made tery at a low rate. Remember, lhe nected correctly. for If the B-battery
f or over 17 yea rs. 3. Easy to Install ght the filaments of the set while slower the rate of discharge the
longer the battery will lasl Do not
happens to becom~ conn<'cted to the
batteries are being charged. II
4. High Insulation try to overload a battery nor dis-
IS done the lubes will be de-
5. P reserves Signal yed. When the battery ts fully charge a battery too quickly.
Energy ed shut off the power and dis- The tollowi;ng Ust of don'ts for the
ect the battery !rom the charger . storage battery user has been col·
.._..... Price $1.50 e should be taken that tho vent lected Crom battery experts:
For INDOOR or OUTDOOR USE es are closed up and lhe battery UDon't charge faster than the rate C. v 20 A
ughly cleaned. A litUe allen· that wm keep the temperature of
ApproTM b;r
Approved by in keeping the battery clean will the liquid below 110 degreer.
NnUuna.1 Donni of National Bo a.rd of Fire Underwlitera
i-·1re t'nderwritere taln its condition, thereby pre· Fahrenheit.

A
VARIABLE..VERNIER ting short circuit from any ma· ~Don' t use any water excep t distilled

SDLDERALL~ ...
1 that may find its way in and water.
CONDENSERS nd the terminals of the cells. rnon't let the l'lflcc:rolyte get below
P RECISION MADE -~----- When connecting up the battery to the plate.
M e t al i n Paste ,Fo1·m ~-~~ ~l ~\ tile set see that the terminals are ~ Don't overcharge th<' cells.
BAKELITE INSULATED
~, ~~
•.D\:~
~
,.. ~
---~
... ·==-=·
-~· '::::~\ 'rtJeaned off. Use a small piece of rroon't let the cells stand idle longer

•
J"
. ~- ,- ., ....
'1,511 ACCURATE CAPACllY lfand paper. It may be noticed from than five weeks without gi ving
ALL SIZES ·11me to time, as the batlery ls used, them a char ge.
'V.
:JJ
Hancly 'rubes ibt the terminals show signs o! a FDon't let d irt or other mineral mat· ST_O~ A'fE
Eve17 E l ectric af PRICES ON REQUEST No. E 5815 'white deposit called "sulpbaUon."
Connection Ne eds ler get illto the cells. 1JATTE A 'f

5 otde r a ll fo r P e t ·fect Recepti o l'- .A. small amount of •aseline or fDon't charge a battery before re- Series Connection ( Above) and Par-
~h e Only Convenient M etal Sotdv ACKERMAN BROS. CO., INC. Jetroleum placed about the terminals moving the caps • so gas may allel Connection (Centre) of
Dept. "GM," 301 W . 4th St., New York Caty will tend to keep sulphation at n escape. Dry Cells.
1 L .S. BRACH MFG. CO., _ llhllmum. rnon't light any matches near the
Ne'W ark....... Ne"'W' Jersey
For those who have direct current battery while it is bein.g charged. filament clrcuit the tube will burn
la their homes, a battery charger is out a lmost ins tanlly.
The .yacuum tube is said to be
the most sensitiYe electrical device There are several differen t types

li Amplification Perfection. I s,,.,o.u In existence. The slightest electrl·

cal charge on the grid controls faith-
of B·batleries on the market, most
of them satisfactory. The principal
requirements are to have a battery
w ith all standa rd tubu S1.11. e fully and Instantly a strong current
/Ye,1- >6./'10 ~le rlowing between the filament and
that wlll supply a high volt.age and
An a udio t rans former will give the same results 8 · Ba.ttery plate. In this manner lt becomes a low amperage, Aince the actual
· with all tube$ which are alike in A. C. Impe- drain on the battery is small. In
dance and Amplification Factor. possible to control a strong force by
L"-"? e Ba.tre"ll wdh 70.ps a weak force. The vacuum tube fact. the D-battery usually succumbs
WD-u WD-12 These tubes all have can be used for many purposes. It to old age long before the current
UV-1_99 C-299 nearly the same i.s consumed by the tube. The B·
UV-201_-A C-301-A is a reotl!.ler of a lternating current,
} A. C. Impedance. that Is, It converts alternating cur· battery can be placed somewhere
UV-201 C-301
rl'nt of almost any frequency and of on a 11helf at the back or th"e set
any strength withi n\ its capacity into and forgotten for several mon ths.

AMEI(r}\AN B -80.ti:ery m atfe

direct current. It also can convert
direct curr<'nt into alternating cur-
rent of a wide range of frequencies.
"B" Batte ry Need.e d to Supply
Hiiber Volt.re t o Tubes.
is universally acknowledged the As stated previously it makes pos· The first type of B·battery to be
greatest of all amplifiers. It also sible the control of a powerful cur- considered is l11e small size, which
rent by a weak current. This !ea· delivers about twcnt~·-two volts.
produces perfect amplification with
ture Is the basis of the amplifier. 1:hese little batteries are good
lower impedance h1bes such as When the weak current from the enough for ord.lnary work, but ln
Western Elcc. 216A, V.T.-2 and detector is Impressed on the ampli· some sets Jt ls desirable to vary the
Radio Corp. U.V. 202, C-302. fier tube a current several times as voltage from the B-battery and In
Bandy "B" Batteries )fay Be Made powerful is produced ln the second such a case a s Utis it Is best to
From Flashlight Cells.
Price $7 tube, glvlng a much louder response
in the telephone receiver.
secure one ""hich is supplled with
taps s o that the voltage may be
not needed. As indicaled in t.hr Radio receiving sets employing varied. The amateu.r may find that
•MME PRECISION YOUR DBCISION. American Transformer Company 0
•ketch, four or five lamps properly vacuum tubes either for detector o.r his particular vacuum tube will
Designe rs and builders of radio C011nected will suffice to charge the amplifier must be equipped with work the best with only twelve to
Manufactured By battery in first class condition. The some sort of battery for supplying eighteen volts on the plate~ but as
transf ormers f or over 22 years. the battery gets older the voltage
lamps shoUld be about 100 watts each
II 184 Emmet St.
them with a high voltage. This bat·
S. A. Potter T.&M. Works Newark, N. J. &lid all connected as shown. The
charging current w ill average be-
te r y is called the B-battery to dis·
tlngulsh It from the other battery
will need to be raised.
A little wTlnkle in b~ ttery use
... 1914 Park Avenue, N. Y. City tween four and five amperes. By re· which lights the filament and is may Interest amateurs or novices.
 Ra ct i o Manual riJ

Something _Really New.!! rangement, as lhe life of dry cells is consumed_ Where a storage battery

'E111:Ecr101~r
stead of buJ>ing large B·batteries
to any elecb·ical store and pnr- '
limiLed and it ls a matter ot a few is employed to light several vacuum
e.se a nltmber of smrul flashlight days only when they will n eed to be tubes the drain on the battery is
119W.13'dST
nc-JrGr"' Ave-
59COIHLAN0 ST
(l1ctts Dru'} SfOf<"
128CHAM8ERS ST
nc-.,,,
A One-Control, One-Tube Set That Operates, tteries. They are usually sold replaced by a new · set of. dry cells. considerable and a home charging
WATKIHS4787 (017 ,...[t< G·~EfN""'l(M W[\T er,OAO ...... " a box containing five, buL Lhe sup- Tl dry cell tubes are us,ed it is outfit will be found to ]JttY good divi-
a Loud Speaker.
Visit Our New Store- 78 CORTLANDT ST. y is unlimited. Leave the bat-
"The S1ores Thnt Sell on n )loney-Back Guara.n tee'' A new Radio Circuil ha.s he"n The Wave Length Range of this ·es in the box l':- build a special
perfected. h is a remarkable cir- set is such lhal it can easily tune 1x for them and connect them all
WHY IT PAYS TO PATRONIZE cuit, lhat cannot be imilaled. The lo all lhc new longer wave lengllu series with short pieces of wire,
receiver is so constructed that the which broadcasting stations wlU ded by a liltle solder. There arc
PERFECTION circuit 1s kepi secrel. The re- soC?n be using.
ceiver is built so !hat if taken
o pieces of brass on each of the
shlight batteries. These are the
ap.arl the circuit is entirely dig- The small dimensions of the sci
Because first and foremost P erfection's arranged and incapable of being - 2-inch x 6-inch x 8-inch-make rminals. The long 011e is the one
success has heen built upon satisfacl.ory copied. nnecle d to the zinc of the battery
service to its patrons, making it pos!.ible it especially suitable for camping d is tllC! negative pole. The oilier,
to incrnase its busine.'>S locations from In tests recently made with 1his
one to four stor('s wi Lhin one year. circuit, broadcdsting stalion1 over and other })t1rposes requiring 1 shorter one, is the positive. 1Yz v.
1.000 miles were heard. h was light, compacJ receiver. It can In connecllnti U1em up leave lhe
Because Perfection stands back of (\Very -.. +Ory
sale v.ith its guarantee to cheerfully re-
fUnd money on any purchase, and no
possible lo tun e m Philadelphia be operated on any dry cdl tubes.
while WOR was broadcashng.
When wed on local stations the
st long one for the external con-
By careful selection of parti~Ction, then connect the short piece
-=-..- ce11

questions asked. signals are .a powerful that head and improved methods of manu· .W brass on the first cell to the
Bocause P orfec1 ion carrios only Standard phones arc uncomfortable, and a facture hy The Atlantic & Pacifu: ~ng piece on the second cell. Keep t C; c; _I ~----1
R adio equipment, and a more complete
stock than any Radie> store in the U. S.
loud speaker on this set can he
heard all ov<!r a large r.oom. Tun- Radio Company, the price of th<~ up until all the batteries are
- +22}'; v=-~~-,--
: ~·
BB~t;J
at lho lowos~ prices possible. ing is aGcomplished with a single receiver bas h~n kept down to ~f ected together. It will be found
control. $12.50. t a short IP.all w Ill be left on the +
.Bocause when you purchaso a Radio Set
from P crfflction, you have the privilege · ther end or the se ri es. Alway~ con·
of using its Son-ice Department frne of Set Is Now on Demonstration at . ect B·batteries in tws way. If Special
chargo for onr year. '\JDOre battcrie,s are neecled for an
Bocauso Pl'rfoct.ion S(lrYeS its patrons by
ert>cl ing aerials, making sots, installing sets,
giving frno hook-ups, and free advice.
The AtlantI·c &Paci·ti·c Rad·o
I Co
· 1
·:amplifier simply buy several addi·
jlitonal box<'s of U1e batteries and r::·~f~r
131 West 37th Street New York City l:°:.eed to connect tl1em in the same
110 V.-lf c
"MAKE PERFECTION YOUR SELECTION" Complete Line of Standard Radio Seta and Supplies If the voltage must be varied take w
WHOLESALE & RETAIL a small battery cHp or spring clip

r I
J&.Uli.115 . i&_JP!C_f_l_(Jl . . U*O-QS:WI\..
-
IUld solder a piece of wire to it. It
I' ~ then a simple matter lo vary the
. !lumber of cells in use by moving
F ilaments of Amplifier Tubes May B e Lighted From .A. C. Lines.
•

''IN SU.LATE'' (Moulded Shellac Composition)

,. e clip from electrode lo electrode.
e:member, though, to place the clip
lways on the pm;itive side.
A B-battery of this type should
aclvisable 'to have lliem connected
in parallel in order that their life
may be lengthened. T o do this con-
nect all tbe carbon rods, or centre
•dends. The storage battery then
may be recharged whenever neces-
sary at a minimum of expense and
without losing valuable time.
On 1he Markel 20 Years) t many months be ro~e it nee"tls posts, of the dry cells together, and

..
B'way Subway to 103rd, 2 Blocks East newing. Evfln then the operator ail the outside or zinc posts together.
Rouse Lighting Clll'l'ent for
6th•9th Av. ''L" to 104th, 1 Block South D be able to pick out U1e Cf'lls that This then makes the outside polar-
ity negative, while th e c:ubon rods, Filament Supply.
ve deteriorated and re placf' iliem
SEVERAL RADIO ENGINEERS

100
th new cells. thereby saving the -> or centre posts, form the positive The question: "Why Is it not ]JOS-
ALWAYS IN ATTENDANCE poTchasing a whole n ew connections. This mode of connec- sible to use the house lighting cur·
1

l yles of Knobs
St.
Binding
i- Dials,
P oat.s, We have on hand a complete stock of
tion allows the voltage to remain at
one and onP.-half volts, the correct
1-ent on the filaments of vacuum
hlbes ?" Is frt>quently asked. T he

J
Headset Caps,
Insulators, etc. PARTS AND SETS The "A" Battery, or Filament
Lighting Battery.
value for lhe dry r cll tube, but the
amperage or life of the battery will
be four times U1at of a single one.
fact of the matter is we ar e dealing
wit11 delicate fluctuations i n the
t11bes. If the filament ,·olLage should
Tn :>t.ock for rrom11t Sllipment Manufactured by the following vary eYen in the slightest degree
The use of a vacuum tube in a SWI. there ls nothing that really
radio manufacturers dio receiver involves a battery t o takes the place of che storage bat- the eleclronic flow would likewise
B. R. P. Products Grebe pply current Ior the filament_ tery Cor th e six-volt tubes. This is vary and cause a corresponding
'Westinghouse Cutler Hammer ~s is re(erred to as the A-battery. especially true when more Olan one !}Oise in the head telephones. There-

•
Western Electric Dictograph ~e A-batlery in the !!Ilse of the tube is being used, as, for instance, fore, for absolute quiet in lhe head
De Forest Fischer !more common tubes is a six-volt bat- whe11 one or two stages of ampli- telephones il becomes nec~ssary to
\ery, but the tube known as the fication are added to the detector. use a steacly, non-varying direct cu1··
Baldwin R. C. A. ·WD11 or 12 operates on an ordinary The storage battery may be of any rent source, such as the slorage bat-
Federal Acme ~ry cell. An~ther tube, known as stamlard type, but a battery of large tery. The lighting current could be

Insist on" INSULATE" from your regular

. Panels Marko Batteries
Atwater-Kent
the UV199, OJJP.rates on LWO dry
~Us, while the remainder, or ma-
capacity is preferred. A batcery in
the vicinity of eleven ampere hours
easily cut down lo six volts, regard-
less of whether it be direct or al·
C: d~ler SETS BUILT TO ORDER jority, _operale on t he sL"C-\·oll stor- ls a salisfactory size. Then U a ternallng c1u·rcnt, but in either case
E • Facilities La,rgC?- Dcliucrics Prompt age battery. Should the owner of a loud speaker is added at a later there would be a dlsUnct hum,
Our Aerial Construction Department is
IE GENERAL INSULATE CO.
999 Atlantic Ave. Brooklyn, N. Y. -
under the supervision of George Mitchell ,
Associate Institut e of Radio Engineers.
!lldio receiver possess six-volt tubes
.but desires to use dry cells he may
readily do so, but it is inadvisable
date the battery will be large
enough to handle the added demands.
A storage battery must be re·
which, in the head t.elepho'nes.
would drown out the s ignals. This
prevents the use of the lighting cur·
~ Established 1904 _ Estimates Cheerfufly Furnished to begin operation with suc11 an ar- charged after its charge has been rent on the detector.
61111m111111111u111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111FrE
 54 ~ad i o Manual R.adio Manual 55

How to Locate Troubles ir Radio Receivers

Whatever the type or receiv ing set,
the tirst step is co test out each piece
o! equipment indiddually. A s mall
the test to th e tuning uni l, the lamp
should ligh t when the t e rminals are
connected across the primary, and
condenser , wheU1er it be variable or
fixed.
Regeneration and Its Effects
The only satis (actory way to test
flashlight lamp and batte ry Corm also across the secondary. lt is a a lube is to take it to some othPr
a simple testing outfit. good idea to l <'S t out the separate recE>iving set known to be In working A Brief Talk on the Methods of Obtaining and Controlling
U no sounds are heard In the taps on the pri mary to see t hat n one order and substitute it for one or lhe
' phones , begin at the lighLning a r·
rester a nd test each pan. With Lhe
of the small pigtails have become tubes In UR <'. A tube with a tllament This Very Desirable Condition, Together
brok en inside th e flexible tubing. that lights up when connected to a
lamp and battery across th e nrrl'!Rler
the lamp should nol light. A light
When connected across the con·
denser, the lamp should not light.
battery Is not n ecessarily a gootl
tu be. There is always the possiblll1y
With .W orking Diagrams.
indicates a short circulL Appl ying U i~ does, this indlca Les a defective or grounds bet ween the elements.
Three million good a nd honest lnforced. He placed a variable tun· the radio ran should not become too
American citizens or citlzens·soon·to- lng coil in the plate circuit, tuned It enthused since the design ractore of

~lAARKS·~
be are using receiving sets In whlch to resonance a nd the signals fairly the tube themselves soon form a
SAVE regeneration plays an importanl part. boomed out with their added volume. limll beyond which this ampllrication
TIME- MONEY-WORRY
T hese radio enthusias ts, most of He had made one of lhe most cann ot go. After a certain point iD
DE>LL'"D A.:1.-0 USK
IMPROVED
ANTI-CAP ACITY RADIO
~1:!AolOZ[IEC:o 1 ~
Th e ~lier KlnJ or ~lundnrd Sds und l'Mts.
them, know when the s et is regen-
erating. They know bow to produce
astounding discover ies of the age and
one that ln late r years was to affec t
regeneration Is r ea ched the tube ls
set off Into oscillations, which means
It, but why the effect is made mani· lhe entire complexion of the radio that !t is no longer acting a s a pure
JACKS AND SWITCHES
llr<l1m ed CS!"'<•l&Jly f o r R•dio. E lim·
tualo ,.01Uct1u ". }Uudio a; J)t\ISt C.011·
Our
C:Ouptrd
Policy is Truthful Advice
Honest·lO·Goooness
with R e al, Sl!rvlco by a n
fest by such inslgni!lcant accessories
a s a simple varlometer or eve n a
industry, broadcasting as. well as re-
cepLlon.
r eceiver but ls also fun ctioning as &
transmitter. When tbls point la
ntcdoaa. 1'"'~ imJ11'0l'eJ p-roducta.. Oh. E.~purt. 1ingle slide tuning coll is beyond reac hed the signats wUJ lose their
n.bu a c.Uffcrcucb l
DeFore~t Rndlo J'hou e8 R udio Improvement . their ken. As a matter o( fact, they Small Curre.n t in Grid Conb-ola
A>!k Your 1-· aTorile D ea ler! Brandt"S & B n hlwln (An il·°'1paclcy Jac k s & real tone and will become mushy and
11..aa-1,.. s "·11rh es.l don't have to know. It ls because Larre Plate Current. distorted. With code signals this
\\-or krlto llanufncturini:- Rudio CoTP.
Co. (U. \·. %00-201A·W. D. or this last statement that this As was s tated in the chapter de- does no harm. but radiophone sound.a
llubili.,r Cond~n•er 11 - W . u. u and u. V.
~atiGWlJ Cazbou Co. 19 9. ) treatise, Jlke many others intended voted to the fundamental action of are made unintelligible.
Complel" .<:t ock o f AU th" ,\ boTe ~rial for consumption by the av erage man, the \·acuum tube, the 11resence or a
AIWU.)8 on llund.
Reeenera.tion Can Be Secured
DU.Counts to l lec>leni and l i nkers 1or S&ls. will not attempt to ente1· into the very small amount of en e rgy in the
Member lludlo De.U.,..,,·· Ass'a.
lechnicallUes of regeneration. Rather, grid of the rncuum tube will control in Seve.r al Waya.
the phenomenon will be described a much lar ger amount of energy In There are several methods of ob-
briefly in terms that it is hoped will the plate circuit. H the action of the taining regeneration. One m ethod
give a general idea of Its cau:;e and two circuits Is conslde.r ed as belng has already been m<'ntioned. th at of

IMPROVE THE APPEARANCE I EXCELSIOR 108° COUPLER

ettect.
Many receiving sets are now sold
entirely inde11e ndent of one anoLiler
the analogy Is much the same as that
tun ing the plate circuit of the tube
wJth a tunin g coil or vario1uet er.
OF YOUR RADIO SET 100% . NEW UST which are non-regenerative. But of the motorman of a trolley car, who Another me thod makes use of a wire-
friends of the buyers soon inrorm by the applicallon or a small amount wound tube called a "tickler," which
b.> u sing " BRUNO El~GRA VINGS," illustrated below
$3.00 them that the sets can be Improved of force on t he llir brake handle is placed near the rotating element
T akcs all new wave by making them · r egenerative. All liberates a large amount of force at of th e primary tuner or va r iocoupler.
IMgths cff~tivdy. that is necessary to bring this about the a1r brake and thereby controls Still another form of reed back ts
Genuine Bakdit.e that made possible by a condenser
Dilecto. Rotor and
la the insertion of a varlometer In a the movement of a car weighing
Stator wound wilh certain position in the plate circuit many tdns. Ins erted between the grid and plate
silk covered win.. of the detector tube. In the vacuum tube, which is ar- or the detector tube. This last named
Recommended by Even after Dr. !Ae De Forest de· ranged for possible regeneration, this method is not usually satisfactory
Haynes-Griffin Co.
as being the best veloped the three·elcment tube it was energy In the plate circuit can be with the apparatus in the hands ot
coupler for a.II cir- used as a straight rectifier of incom· tuned to be in phase or In step with amateurs.
cuil!S. Ing waves for man y years. Peculiar the incoming wave, and thus increasP. Of all these methods It Is probable
et!ects were undoubtedly observed the initial rorce or: the grid. Of that the "tickler" form of regenera·

.,., New Departure originating in the tu1'e under certain course the complete action Is in· Uon ls the most satisfactory, al-

MAKES THE PA:'IBL A PPEAR

EL'GRA VED.
'W~
'\."J....
. , .~ Jacks
Ma.de in three tyi-. as fol-
circumstances, but no one seems to
have studied them until Edwin R.
Armstrong, a student at Columbia,
s tantaneous, but an Idea of the man-
n er of working may be clarified i f
the following word picture is under-
though it is not Incorporated In r e-
ce ivers so frequently as the tuned
plate method, using a varlometer lo
A " Decalcomania" low~: Double Oosed, Single while carrying out experiments on stood. control lhe rege neration. With the
C!0&ed 11.lld Single Open. P osi. tubes and tube clrcllits, happened to For purposes of the example assume .. tickler" it is easier, as a rule, to
EASY TO APPLY-NEAT IN APPEARANCE
tive contact. anti-capacity,
-PERMANENT- ECONOMICAL amall space. No screws or notice that the plate circuit of a tube that a force of 1 J!Ound is im11ressed carry lbe regeneratton to a higher
In P aclmJres wlOt loll ln• l.rocllons o.nd S peclnl Cement, soldering neccuary in making which be was using as a deleclor on the grid .° Through the ampliiylng point before the tube breaks Into
neatly to u ..e. wire connections.
SET NO. 1-ToT Tunel" O~tcetor contained someti1ing other than rec· action or lhe tube this original forcl\ osclllations.
3-S tagoo ur An.rllo nmJ Rod.lo trcqncnc;r, with
many extra 1uucs .... . . .• ... .. . . .•.. • . • ..•
50 CtS. LIST PRICES tlfled currents in the plate circuit. is increased to .f pounds. This quad- On~ very satis factor y form of

!i t.'"T 1'0. !-F'!'" Tu.ner ~tc1•tor

%-Stul:'e nmplificnt4>o • • . • . • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • •
35 CtS
• Single Open, 65c each
He experimented further and discov- rupled force Is then arranged to be "tickler" is that made by winding
Single Qosed, 75c oach ered that this plate circuit was earn·· in step with the first force and is forty to fifty turns or wire on a
Sl..'T NO. 3-For Tuner Detector . • • • • • • • • • • • • • 20 CtS. DoUble Closed, 95c each lng h igh trequency currents in addi· fed back to the grid, where the two rotor ball similar lo that comprislng
Order front ) our Dealer or l\' rite to Dealcrs Write f or tlon to the low frequency rectified forces combine to form a force of 5 the secondary tuning Inductance and
Discounts

BRUNO RADIO
%91>-300 W ATER STRt; ET,
-<2r CORPORATION J. W• CHRISTIE,
6 CJfURCH STREET
REP~t~~:Invc
currents. lI this we re so, he f igured,
then by tuning this circuit and allow-
ing the energy to feed back in to the
pounds . This force of 5 pounds,
acting through the tube, is increased
to 20 pounds in the plate circuit and
placing this "tickler" ball at the op-
posite f'.nd of lhe wire-wound tube
which comprise;; tile primary tuner.
~EW YORK CIT\'. Thus t he complete tuning acces-
Phone Rector 1397 • NEW YORK secondary circllit of the receiver the so on.
Incoming signal would be gTcaUy re· U thJs seems like perpetual motion sories are included in one unit with
I
 ..
~
;.
~

R ad io Manu a l 7

COMPLETE
3,000 MILES - And as Clear as a Bell SETS and PARTS
the primary as the permanent coil,
one rotor in one end of the pr ima r y
as the secondacy coil and anolher
rotor in the opposile end of the
coils instead of coui>lers for tuning
purposes are s imilar to those using
couplers and variometers except for
the substitution of these coils lhPm·
them to tune the circuit to the de·
sired wave length. The following
lable suggests t he s izes to use f or
various wave l engths, the size in
i>rimary as the "tickler." s elves and lhe means for lun.ing each instance havi_ng been figured
of all the lat est circuits are on In arranging these coils for r egen- lhem. for use wilh a 43-plate variable con·
erative circuits It sometimes happens H oneycomb or duolateral coils are denser (capacity .0011) ac ross them.
hand in our store, which is open that while the receiver will work coils containing many turns of fine The "tickler" is more frequen tly em·
.. ,··• • . · , J .. ~ every evening until 10 o'cloc'.k . the regenerative effect is lacking. wire wound c riss-cross in s uch a way ployed without this condenser.
This usually may be r emedi ed by that the separate turns o f wire touch
All Hissing, Howling and disa.greeahle noises We invite you to drop in with . switching tbe connections leading to onJy at cen.a.in times and places. In TABL E OF HONEYCOMB COIL
eli:m inaled by the
any of your difficulties. A con- the two ends of the "tickler" coil. short, lhis scheme of winding reduces SIZJ;;$ FOR ALL WAVE
ARTHUR PUDLIN stant corps of t echnical experts U> .a minimum what is known as L ENGTHS.
''distributed capacity," JI factor that ·w ave Lth. Primary Second. T ickler.
VARIABLE HIGH is available at all times to give Va.riocoupler~ Variometer

for Short Wa.ves.

O utfit ls
!'educes the efficiency and tuning 150-350
30()..700
DL 50
DL100
DL25
DL50
DL50
DLlOO
you assistance and help in the
RESISTANCE LEAK construction of your set. The variocoupler two-rotor receiver
l'ange of t uning coils.
In following oul t his scheme of
450-1,050
850-2,000
DLl.50
T>L250
DL.100
DL150
DLl.50
DL.250
on a Rosenblum Circuit or any other eircuit. The or the variocoupler-variometer set win ding the Inventors ·were a ble to DL500
l,7"50-4.,000 DL500 DL.250
only Resistance that meets all requirements. Endorsed
highly by Flewelling, Rosenblum and other noted
New hook-ups a nd working is suit.able only fol' short waves compreSll the enormous inductances 4, 000-8, 500 DLl,000 DL500 D L l,000
from 150 to 550 m r.rnrs . As now needed for long waves into a r ela· G,000-12,000 DLl.500 D L l ,000 DLl,500
Radio Engineers. models of various circuit s are Lively small space. Thus the old
Price wi th .0002S Mica Condenser, $1.00. covered by regulation.~, these llmits 12,000-20,000 DLl,000 DLl,500 D L l,000
!"rice without condenser, i Sc. on display for your use. are sufficient to accommodate aU coils for r eceiving 15,000-rneter sta- is,000-2s.ooo DLl,500 DLl,500 D L l,500
t ions consisted of sever al thous;mds
:::~#!ctu re THE ARTMICA CONDENSER broadcasting s t ations. But for ex·
i n al l ca r.a ci ti es 25c ~---. perimenters who feel the urge to of turns of wire wound on a 6· to 8· When a receiver is built with
lis ten t o the code signals of the inch insulating tu.be, 6 or more fed hon~ycomb tuning coils the same s et
Our Prot.luct,; h a n1lh:1l hv nll up · to-dn.t.c dealers.
If your n t'iglllJo rbuod llPn)cr tlOH:." not- Ntrry thttm,
powerful transatlantic stations here long. The honeycomb or duolateral may be utilized .for the reception of
Sl-~nd purtJ h use I" kc. :tlSh Pc:t lcr ·~ u:unt> to
20TH CENTURY RADIO CORPORATION and in Europe some other form or coil for this wave length is only 1 ~ broadcasts or of 20.000-meter code
Arthur Pudlin Engineering Co. 102 Flathush Ave. receiver must be builL With few inches thick a nd 6 inches in diameter . s1gnals. All the owner n eed do is
remove t.he smaller coils Irom the
1540 Broadway New York, N. Y. exceptions this is the honeycom b set. T hese coils are. seldom tapped,
Brooklyn. N. Y. hence it brromes nect>ssru•y to con- mounting and replace with the larger
All parts of a regenerative l'let
! ' h on e : S terling 332~
n ect a variable condenser across coils for t.he longer wave lengths.
utilizi ng honeycomb or duo-lateral

~­
~
GU-..;).;NT~c:o
CICO
"1f A.9 C'HONt:S
T WO W AY P LUG
TYPE A
A Radio P lug embodying the most advanced
Engineering p rin ciples. Has provision for
taking two sets of head phones simultaneously
or one set individually. F its all s tandard
Jacks. Takes all types of tips, forked, straight
an d plain wire. Perfect con tact, no tools of
any nature required to connect. B uilt of finest
material obtainable.

The VOICE of YOUR RADIO

ls ii d ear ilnd distinct or muffled and subdued? The
difference in many cases is in the head phoMs. Dia- PRICE
mond De Luxe Phone:; uc the Nation's Choice. Made
with watch-maker's precision and rigidly teoted. Pol·
ished black ea r pieces are thaped to fit lbe head com-
fortably. A large dUc give-s greater volume and splendid
tone. Permanently magnetized. 3000 ohms. Every
sel carries lhe l::road guarantee of the ml\Jlufacturer.
60c.
At present low p rice they a re a great bargain.

RETAIL $3.60 View ~howinir View Sho-wing

Internal Construcllou l'h; g A.aemhll!<l
PRICE COMPLETELY GUARANTEED
SPECIAL ATTENTION TO RETAILERS AND J OBBERS
111'.ANUFACTURllID Ilt'
Ma.de Ly th e manufaduren of Ilic famou1 Diamaod B. Batteril!$.
Diamond E lectr ic Specialties Corp. Consolidated Instrument Company of America, Inc.
41 EAST 42nd STREET, NEW YORK. N. Y.
101. So. Ornngl' A •'e. 1'ewnrk, N . J .
All the In tricate Operatio-ns of a Broadcas ting Station Ar e Controlled From Th is 1'able. .,,,
 glllllllllllllUllllllllllllllHllOllllllllllllllllllllllllllllUlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllJllllJllllllllJllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllUlllllUlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllflllll Ulllllllll§ Radio Ma nu al 59

I r:,~•·" DODGE TONE AMPLIFIERS i

THE PERFECT TONE RADIO LOUD SPEAKERS
FOR HOME USE
'Phones and Loud Speakers
In the Dodge Tone Amplifiers, the radio fan is
offered the latest development in loud speakers- Head Sets Are Essential for Crystal Sets and for Weak
.\lode1 No. lo made to produce that refinement of tone that is now
wtTH Sl'ECIAr. srEAx1scr being exacted of loud speakers for home use-rather
mrrI' IN MAIJO<lA1''"1". than DOise.
uoo N
- WITH B,U.~~ 1 6SPEAK- or Distant Stations, but the Ideal Receiver for the
Ct:U.H.XET lNG tn."11'. L.'1 ~CAllOGA.NY
s1z.e : 12" htgh, HI... wli:lP.. The Dodge Tone Amplifiers are scientifically perfect Size· g11~P'1l;;h IH< " Home Requires a Loud Speaker.
S\i .. deep , r.ompl ct•~., r~"-<IY instruments, made Of Wood pulp COmpositiOU (formula Wide, . 6" deo:p; compJc'to,
tor hn:nedlate use. ~G.Oll. d d . ed b f th f . al ready tor lmmed!a\e u•o.
patente ), es1gn y one o e oremost acoustic s:o.oo.
specialisls. This, together with their shape and interior dimen- The radio head 'phone Jrns never set. When a high-frequency wave regular in shape, but are a m.i xture
sions, insures the most delicate reproduction of voice or music had .the credit ir. deserves. Without strikes the grid oC a vacuum tube of many odd-shaped waves. As these
and positively eliminates distortion and metallic sound. it there Is no telling what intricate the currrnt in the plate circuH, where peculi.arly modulated waves strike
Models No. 10 and No. 6 are complete, ready for immediate and supersensitive apparatus would the 'phones are located, is also made the grid of lhe tube they create a
use with any set of three tubes or more- no batteries necessary- be ne cessary to take !Ls place and variable, although the changes are disturbance in the 'phone circuit that
no adjustments- merely hook-up and listen. carry out its function of translating is practically similar to the words
In Models No. 3 and No. 5 the radio fan is offered Dodge Tone the fast-moving impul:;es of elec- spoken at the lransmltter. As these
Amplifier horns or sound chambers, mounted or unmounted, tricity into audible sounds. currents pass through the tine
for use where the more elaborate speaker is nol required-or The amount of energy Jlicked up winding on the spools a temporary
Model ~o. 3 where they might be desired for installation in sets or cabinets. Model No. 5
by an antenna is so small as lo be magnetic Eield is formed. This new
Si:te: 9%" high , Sbe : 13" . high. measurable by only the most sensi- magnetism may help or ''buck" the
6% " wldc,6*"dcep;
on s tand with Bald- Order a Dodge Tone Amplifier and enjoy the news and fine 10" wllle, 6 ¥.. " de op:
on stand with Bald- tive of special indicating instru- magnetism or the permanent circular '
win c u.p ( no "phone).
$8.00; on stand with
concerts being broadcasted. win c ap ( no 'phone),
ments. Yet the headphone, in the magnets. When they help, the dia-
$10.00; on stlllld with
s p e c i a I spenkini; spe<:ial s pcnk In g
un it, $1..2.00; horn. case of the crystal recPJver. is set phragm is drawn down with con-
without s tand, wilh
BaJdwl.11 cap, $6.00;
hom without stand,
wllh special spe11k-
ACKERMAN BROTHERS CO., INC. unit.. $14.00 ; hom.
without stand. with
w:i.tl hook and Bald-
Win cap, $8.'lG; wUh
hook and special
Into motion by these trains of al-
most insignificant energy.
siderable force; when they ''buck"
the total effect is less than that ol
A 'phone consists or several thou- the permanent magn!'lt alone and the
;.!111111111111111111111111m11111111111m111rn1111111111111111mw1111u11111 um11111111111111111111111111111111111111111m11rn11111rm11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111u111111111111111111111111ITF. sands of turns ot very fine wire- diaphragm tends to return to i ts nor-
No. 40 to 44 silk co·. ered or mal 11osition.

m~wny S-S-S
enameled- wound carefully on two
FAMOUS
CYCLONE W ORLIYS BRST little spools, through Lhe centre of
'Phones Should Not Bo Bought
"A" ,
BATTERY
Sl'F.CIALLY BtaLT 1-' 0R l'Ot:R. R ..-\.DIO SET.
"B'' wWch run cores of soft iron. Around
the outside of the case holding these by Ohms.
IN ALL TUES.. JilGB1';ST QlJALlT ll GVARA.."ITEED. spools are several circular pieces of In adYertisements and store win·
RADIO'S MODEL STORES l'"or
somewhat harder Iron which lf.lve AECEIVE A COHST/ll/(71~ dows ' phones are usually specified
DISTANCE.
110 West 23 Str eet ClLEARNnSS been permanently magnetized. according to the number of ohms,
and The spools are placed in the cen- such as "2,200 ohms" or "3,000 ohms."
LONG
T WO years ngo the SSS Organization .LIFE tre of the case in such a position not so rapid as are those of the in- The 'phones wltl1 higher ohmage a re
The Lit tle Counter began nt n little counter. l t wns INSIST ON
narrow nnd um·o mtortahtv. Tt 'vas that the tops of the iron cores are coming wave. The windings of the more apt. to carry a higher price tag,
always c r owded. Wo gave advice, w ith the: right !dcl~ of our
tongud, c hewed lun<•h .wilh tho left, wokomed t o.ns with ono<
CYCLONE slightly below the l evel of the out- 'phones hold back lbe actual hlgh- leading the unknowing purchaser to
hand and sold wlth th,; other. And the t n ns contlnut!d to YOUR side of the case. T hen across the frequency currents in U1e plate cir- bell.eve that the 'phones a re better
come. Th ere Witll n rt!tl.S<>n. We had something besides tho D EALER
count.. r. We had an lduu.. HAS rr. top of the case a thin diaphragm of ·cuit. in proportion to t he amount of re-
WE
wore l.n R~dlo to stny. We had STANDARD iron is laid. When a sound is made with the sistance.
The Idea t ha t Won n ol com" t'> run.kc easy mon~y ELECTRIC The permanent magnets hold the voice and the sound waves impressed To explain this fact a bit further,
and quiL 'l'ho SSS Orgnni za.tfon wn.s NOVELTY
a -.!slon we had from the 11tart. F\1"3L, Real Advice: We w <:r e
COMPANY diaphragm in a slighUy dished posi- on a tclephone transmltter, the shape the term ohms is merely a measure
determined t" sell a tun what lie n<edcd, to enter Into his
plans and to give his rcqdlremcnts thought. Sc:(·ondlY. ::;tn.nc1 - tion. Tlte electro magnets formed of the electric impulses sent out over of resistance. Thus an electric bulb
ard lferchandiRI! : We we"" determined to sell bim :ncr chs.u-
dlse that would stand the teilt berause w e int4'nded to keep by the wire-wound spools have no the wire or over the air, as the case of the type used to light the home
bis trsdt'. Tltlrdly. Low rrlcca : we w ere det~rmint!d tu sell effect on the diaphragm until a may be, assumes the shape of the may have a resistanc'e of 200 ohms.
(UI low and lo w e r than th e s et-rl ch-qukk-and-ge t-out deall.'r.
All this m eant hard work. But the l tlcn won. signal inrpuliie passes through thr vocal sound. Tllese waves are not But no one buys a lamp according

The Big Result ·

S TEADU,Y we .,..orked, nnd the tnrui
recognized out l'inccricy. New
ta.ces Rh o w ed up u.t the little counter,
50c
Approved by Mail,
and the olld fa<'es <:"-mo back ac-aln and again. We inc rea.ed
our orgunizl!.liun a nd broarl en O<!J ou r orlgtnal idea. The big
result Is at your srn•tce today. Three r,onvlmtent fltores,
T1'ibune, R a dio
World.
50'~:i0'
""""'"""......,_.._
50c
hacked u p by SSS princlpll'S. and our fourth store ubout to
open. 1,Ve are proud of our aahlev ement und thank our olll ILU>lO CORP ORATION OF A~'1.l~ltlCA OT'ERATIVES use
patroll5 while w e in•·lte lht: new ones lo buy at t.hu .L. D . H. Crystal a.s detector in conjunccion ·w ith one oc
mDre sta.ges: ot nmpHttc ation...
tuun cy r~funtled.
SntJs !a.cllon Guar..wteed or Two Three
Phones RJf.lr
FRR.t.:. Tho Jayuxon ::\lultlppe.I Catswhlskcr. Fits all de- Phones f'lloncs·
RADIO'S MODEL STORES n e SSS RADIO STORES tec to rs. Applied in a j iffy. \\.ill mnkc your set Joutl arid
cl oar. /
FRE•::. lnJOrnut.llon a11d hook-up ho,.- to receive 475 mllc>s
Member of Radio Dealer..' Association on a cryst:tL
f°Rt.'E. How· co amp][fy your c rystal set.
f>honcf-
FRKE. Th<' Jaynxon One-Tub., RcOo:x. Looal on loud socnk•r.
/}indin!f
We ha" • JPOClal ~uylna plan Mall Order Department al
for men In uniform, clubs and 110 West 23d Stro.t $tore
n. X. on phones.
F REI-;. SEND FOR THESE RIGHT NOW.
Posis
achools.
Money or den murt ucompany Dil\LERS WAKE UP. SOME MEOW!
WHOLES.ALE a. RETAIL orden.
JAYNXCJN LABORATORY. 57 Dey St., N. Y. City Proper Connections to Follow When Two or More 'Phones Are Connected to One Set.
 ~ad I 0 Manu a l
Radio Manual 61

to the ohmage. In the same way It ls produce a greater volume or sound t he throat of the born or. better still,
unwise to purchase radio 'phones by and arc kno wn colloquially as "loud that tn)<' which utilizlls a specially
their resistance. The obmage may,
however, be considered in the case
of reputabl e 'phones, sin ce the in·
talking receivers." These 'phones
form the basis or phonograph adapt-
ers and art> excellent for t he purpose.
design<'d diaphragm of the amplify·
mg tn>f'.
In the first class will be found
Radio Frequency Amplification
creased number of vllrus Indicates For head !>e ls. bowever, !!OffiC' of the many exceptionally fine r eproducers
the greate r. number of "ampere- makes an.• so heavy as to be uncom· of Ule broadcast programmes. These Higher Amplification, Greater Distance and Finer Selec-
turns" in the receivers. And ampere- fortabl e, although their increase in loud speakers require no extra equip-
turns are the determining factors
which make one r eceiver bette r I.ban
volume over other types iiometimes
compensates for this disadvantage.
ment, but are inserted In the output
ot the r eceiver just as a pai r or
tivity Are Possible With the Proper Application
anoth er. 'phones 'lt'OUld be p laced.
One ampere or current flowing Loud Speakers Available in The second class or loud speakers of This Feature.
once around a magnet is one ampere· Several Style.. is conn ected to lbe output of the
turn. lt makes no difference what r eceiver, but in ad dition twQ leads "Use audio frequency amplification human ear wlU function . The vacuum frequency waves be treated likewise?
.A recC'ivlng set is not comple te
kind of material the conducting wire are taking from the storage battery, for volume and radio frequency am· tube operates as a detector for the This qu estion occurred to f'nglneers
until it contains a loud s peaker. Head
is made of. But when a 'phone is for the purpose of l!upplylng Lhe cur· plification for distance and selec· same r eason. who, aft<'r considerablP experimen t·
'phones are essential until the de-
specified as having 3,000 ohms. the r en t for the supplementary magnetic Livity." T his Is I.he admonition or The frl'(}uency at which waves are ing, found that not only could it be
tectt>d sou nds have been bu11t up
magnet colls wirhin the case may be field in which the bar or iron floats. radio engineers. Thousands have fol · transm itted is called radio frequf'nc~'. done, but that results obtained were
through a mplification to a point
wound with a comparatively ~ew Few suggestions can be given to lowed the advice without knowing T hat a t which the waves are lleard well worth lhe doing.
where they are powerful enough to
turns of some odd kind or wire hav· aid the novice in selecting the loud why. An equa l number hav<' al· is called audio frequencr.
operate the mechanism of a loud
ing a high resistance. Thus there speaker. There is bu t one criterion. tempted to apply radio frequency In receiving !lt>ts that do not em· How Higlt Frequency Waves
speaker. This usuall y req uires at
would be few turns in tho r eceiver, It is not the· price, but the sound. units t o r eceiving sets already in ploy radio frequoncy amplification it Are Amplified.
least two stages of amplification.
although the label would be quite Berore buying any loud speaker, the e xistence with utter failure, du e to is the inten tion of the de:o;lgner to R ad i o frequency ampl!LlcaUon
For exprrlmental purposes a head
right in staling the resistance value. prospccth•e purcha ser Hhould be per· the fact that their understanding of cl1ange the radio frequency w:ivf's means that the infini tesimally weak
set Js supe ri or to any olhPr type of
It is understood that the beginner mitted lo listen to several types, one the devices was meagre. into s imilar wav<'s of audio frequency waves coming in from the antenna
sound translator, but the ramJJy re-
in radio cannot, nor does be want to, after the 0U1er, as it Is switched into When a broadcasting station trans· as qu ickly as possible. Waves or are pa!ISed through one or more
ceiving set will fail in Its ultimate
bother wil11 these t echnical term!i. the same r!'ceiving seL Eve n though mils sounds In the form of waves high frPquency ar<' much mor e dif- vacuum tube units and given an
usefuln <'SS unless the soun ds as de-
F or him ll Is best lo buy only those the set is improperly adjusted, this these waves travel at a hig h r ate of ficult to cont rol and k eep in tht>ir added push or energy bPfore they are
livered Crom the set are thrown out
'phones that are made by r eliable mclbod provides a comparison which sp eed, dep<'ndlng on the wave length. proper path t han waves of lowor sent through the detector tube. To
into the room for all wbo may be
firms. The cost will be higher. but quickly separates the speaker of Thus a wave wiU1 a len gU1 of 400 frequen cy. So as soon as the an· do this requires the use of tubes ~
there to hear.
lhe intrins ic valuP will accompany highest quali ty from the others. meters occurs with a frequency of tenna p icks up these waves and leads and othe r d evices plac<'d between the
There arc several widely dltrerlng
the cost. If tile cost is beyond his Loud volume does not always ac· 750.000 times a second. A waYe of them down to lhe tuning unit they tubes. just as transformers are
types of loud speakers. Som<' of them
financial means. then he should lnsi~l compan y _tone. The loud s peakers 800 meters occurs at just hair this are tunt>cl by mrans or coils and con· placed b!'tween tubes in stages or
are nothing more Ulan horns made
on a tr ial or lhe ' phones, with an wilh lbe sweetest and purest tones rate. The r eason for the use of this densers, and are then immediately audio frequency amplification.
o! tin, white metal, plast<'r or Paris,
option of returning them it unsatls· are not. as a rnle. those which "!ill high frequen cy is a technical one and p assed into the "slowing down" or In one form of rad io frequency
wood pulp, or wood strips, to the
factory. a room with noise." The loud speaker refers lo the elf.iclency of the aerial detector tube. Jn th is tube-In the ampUficallon utilizing two stages the
base of whlch a loud-speaking re·
The crystal set operates bt>st with tor tho home should be select ed on as a radiator or waves. Its exposl· case of a 400·meler wave-the waves incoming waves are tlrs l tuned with
ceh•er ls attached. Olht•rs are
high-gradr 'phoneg of about. 2,300 the me rits of its tone, !irs l, last, and lion h as no place here. which were travelling at the rate of the usunl tuning device. They are
equiptJ(ld with two horns al the base 1
ohms r esistan ce, but the modern tube always. But re ferring to the section on 750,000 a second are toned dow n to then passed into a vacuum tube.
to which the complet<' hQnd 1iet may
set frequently give!; besl rPsull.5 with crystal detectors, it will b e recol· a mere 800 to 2,000 a second, for From the vacuum lube they pass
be attaclled, one 'phone on C'ach horn.
'phones or hlght>.r r esistanc<'. the E~ine&"S Are Developing Better lected that the function of the crystal these latter limits are those to which through a s pecially constructe d radio
Strictly sveaking these de•,oices a re
value sometimes running as high as Loud Speakers. detector was lo change this high fre- the human ear is senfiitive. frequency transformer, out of the
n ot loud speakers, but are mPrely
6,000 ohms. For general purpos<'S, quency of the t ransmitte d wave to But if t he slowed-down waves can transformer into a second tube,
r Psonators. They take thP sound No radio or acoustical engineer is
however . Lhe reliable makes or 3,000 the very low frequency at which the be amplified, wby shouldn't the high- through lbe plate of the second tube
waves aR they issue from the tele- s o rash ns to believe that Lhe ideal
ohm 'phones are the mol!t suitab le
phone and by r esona nce incr1:1 ase the loud speaker l1as b een even a p-
for the average receiving set.
volume. 'l'he action is Uko t hal of p roached by those now a vailable. The
a mcgn1lhone through which an an- last y<'ar has seen some distinct im- 11irCore
n ouncer s peaks. provemf'nt in this line of radio R.F.Trons.
The Ideal Receiver Requires a
All too often these horns a re de· equipment, but there is still much to
Loud Speaker.
signed incorrectly or buut of wrong be desired. lt is not a simple prob·
The extension of radiophone enter- materlnls. T hey p ick Ul> one or more lf'm lo amplify lhe wide range o!
tainment has brought Into prom· of the sounds Crom the 'phone and sounrls encountered in radio trans·
inencc othor ty1ies of head 'phonrs, · amplify ll out of proportion lo all mission. Th <'Sll sou nd!; range from
one in particular ha\'ing a diaphragm o lh<'r !!Oun els. Conversely, certain U10 low notes of the ba!IS !linger and
operated by lev!'rs terminating in a sounds wi ll not be amplified at all. of lbe church organ to the: high shrill
smaU iron bar [(oatlng in a magnetic This selective resonan ce produces notes of the \·iolin and wind instrn·
field. As this field is varied the bar foreign pr " t in ny'' sounds wltlch ha\·e ments. The perrect loud s peaker
is moved back and forth. This mO\'E'- the effoct Of distorting the speech. must amplify these lone!\, each In its

T+ 1+
ment ls then magniCied throu~h the Thr most satisfactory lYP<' of loud proportion to tl1e others, o therwise
400 011111 ~
leverage and the final forco exerted
on the diaphragm. These roc1Jivers
spe<1ker Is ei ther the one which em·
bodies a :ipecial diaphragm built into
strange notes are s ure to be In-
troduced.
Po/ennbme~r$ =-Ball
1 J.________ _J

1
- T"
.0005
-.
~-"-~~~----~
8 Bait.
,+____________]
HARTH

How to Connect a Radio Frequency Receiver l"sing Inter-stage Traruiformers.

 62 R.adt o Manual Ra- dio Manual 63

to a second trans former, and from thusiast works the transformer type stability of the amplifying tubes do one point at which the amplification the receiver is to be rearranged to present, these puny waves are built
the transformer into the detector of couplini: is by far rhe more imita- not go hand in hand. One must be will be besL .Just bow widP a band in clude radio frequency units. it is up through the two or more stages
tube. b le. sacrificed to feature the other. ot wave lengths one transformer v.-m useless to think of utilizing i ewer to a point where they exert a sntti·
These radio frequency trallBform- The r esistance-co upled R. F. am· Hence, the best radio frequency accommodate will depend on the dE-- than two s tagei; of radio fre.q uency. ciently powerful force on the grid
ers djffer considerably from the audio plifiers have t11e ad vantage or bning transformer is one which effects a sign. A transformer with an iron If r egcmera rion is omJtted, the loss c ircuit to cause a suable change in
frequency transformers. ·1n the first etrually effective over a wicle rangn healthy com1>romise between am· core will cqver a wider band tha u is n ot quite fully made up wi th one the plate circuit and in the 'phon es.
place, as a us ual thing, they are not of wave lengths, bul at any given plification, minimum di stortion. and another with an air core. But ex- s tage of radio frequency. Wi Lh t wo Thus wlU1 R. F. the signals from
built over a core of soft iron, al- wave length their cffecliveonss cloes siability. ceeding care must be used in select- stages of radio frequency the loss is distant stations can be brought in
thongh som';; types do use a m eta Ilic n ot equal a well-designed tr;msfarmer It should be men tioned here, how· ing the iron and arranging the wind- compensated for, and in a4diLion lbe loud and clear enough to be rec-
core. Furthermore, lbe windings or coupling. j.ngs with r espect to the core, othor- amplification iR l.ncreased. But the ognize d.
ever, that tiue to the characteristics
the input-called the primary- and The reactan ce or choke coll type of tl·ansformer coupled amplifiers
wlse 4be ampUlication will be uneven c.mployment of radio frequency In arranging radio frequency units
the output-called tbe secondary- of coupling is of inter est to th e ex- the same t ransformer cannot be used as the wave changes from a given stages has the advantagl' of provid- the various l eads s hould be shortened
usually consist of the same numbrr 11erimenter who e njoys the careful value. ing a filter circuit through which to a minimum and should n ot be al-
for all wave Lengths. There is usuaJ!y
of turns, whernas in audio frequency manipulation and ~, extraneous noises and otber wa ve l owed to run together for any dis·
t rans formers the secondary turns are manifold adju Rl· r-- --------- - - -- -- - - -- ----. Radio Frequency Useleu With
lengths can penetrate only v.itb dif· tance. The grea test enemy of sue·
frequently ten times those in. U1e ments r equlrf'd lo "Jo.st the Set for This Summer" Iiculty. This tends to pro1ridc sharper c essful R. F. amplification is the
Reg-eneraton.
primary. tit t!H• react ance tuning and greater selectivity. Jlresence of capacity, and wires run-
to the part icular
DE FOREST'S Most receiving sets in use t o-day n ing parallel are fruitful source s of
Several Types of Radio Frequency stage of amplifi- D-10 employ the regenerative feature . To this deterrenL For the same reason
PORTABLE REFLEX add radio frequency amvlification to Radio Frequency Efficient in DX swltchns should not b e u sed except
Ampli6c:ation. cation and LO the
these sets requires that th e re§?enera· Work.
Radio frequen cy ampli(ication is wave length being and • compltte line of when essential Jt Is n ot a good idea
received. De Forest Seta, Parts, Tu~a tive fea ture be eliminated, e lse the In one department of radiophone to install switches to cut in or out
obt ainable in several widely dif!ering
and AecesaoriM. interme shlng of rreque 11cies will r e- broadcasting radio frequency amplifi-
forms. There is tbe transformer The hlghes l de· the radio frequency units, for the
OUR FEATURE I S U N USUAL SERVICE sult in feed backs and bea t notes, cation is in a class b y itself. This reason lhat the m echanism of the
type, sketched in hasty outline grPe of amplifica- J\uthorlted Moln>polltan Olstrlbutoro
ab ove; there is also th e i·esistance tion is obtainable .. causing lhose squeals and hlsses for
which some outfits are noted. R e·
is tb e recopcion of distant stations. change-over switch and the wires
coupled rype described in one of the Wi lhout r ad io frequ ency ampl ifica- leading- to it are prolific sources of
with transform ers
generation in itself is a function of tion the detector will deti;ct only capacity.
diagrams shown m this article, and, of careful, con-
radio frequency currents, hence to those impulses that are sufficient ly U one will stop for an instant and
thirdl y, there is the choke coil servaUve design.
combine 1.he two phenomena is only viri le to a ctuate the circuits oC which consider the substance he is dealing
type of coupling. For the short Unfortunately the wishing for t rouble. t h e lube is th e nucleus. Thus many with, it will be evident that plugs
waves and corresp0niling higl1 fre- amoun t o f am-
But regeneration, if properly con- signals that are too weak pass a nd jacks are use less in lhe radio
quencif'S with which the radio en- plification anti lbe
trolled, means lhe lifr of t he detector through the deri'clo r tub e without frequency side of the receiver. The
unit. To drop it means that one tu be caul'ing any effect in the 'pbone re- impulses then are still at the high
will do only one-third the work pos- ceivers. inaudible frP.quencies and the inser-
slble with r egeneraµon. H ence, if When radio frequency units are tion of a jack would reveal nothlng.

Governlllent Radio Publications Res1s/011Ces

( \ RFRmp.
Resistance
.
The following list of books is reprinted from various official lists because the informa-
tion contained in them will be found to be valuable in supplementing the data in
~!:!!I ·,7 1
the R AD IO MANUAL. The publications may be secured by mailing the indicated
amount to the Superintend2nt of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washing-
ton, D. C. Remittances should be sent in the form of money orders.
-
- Z2~'/
'
Elem.entary Electricity, Sig.nal Office Training Construction and o peration of a variocouple:r
Pamphlet No. I . .. ..... . . . .... JSc receiving set with cryst al d etector (Standards 400 Ohm
.Elementary Principles of Radio Telephony Circular No. 121) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sc
(Radio Communication Pamphlet No.1 ) .. . lOc Description and operation of electron tube
Pofenli9m7!::;< , 1

d etector unit for simple radio receivi n g out- + +

Principles Underlying Radio Coll\munication
(600 pages) ...... .... . . . . .. . .. .... .... . $1.0D
fits (Standards Cfrc ular No. 133) .... ... . . . lOc ~--~ I • I

Radio Instruments and Measurements {Tech - List of Commercial and Government Radio 4§V. +
nical) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-0c Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lSc
Co1181Tuction and operation of a simple home List of Amateur Radio Stations of U.S . . . ... .25c
made radio receivin$ outfit (Standards Cir- Sources of Elementary Radio Information
~
cular No. UO} . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Sc (Standards Circular No. 1.22} . . . . . . . .. . Sc
l~dio Frequency Amplification Utilizing the Reactance Form of Coupling Between Stages.

In addition to the foregoing publications the Department of Commerce pu~lishe.s a

monthly pamphlet called the Radio Service Bulletin. This Bulletin contains the names

@)
and call leuers of _all new broadcasting stations, all government regulatipns affecting
commercial and amateur stations and general information relating to the entire radio
industry. The Rad io Service Bulletin will be mailed to any address fo'r 25 cents a year. @) ~
•
 I
Is There Anything You Don't Quite Understand

IAMBASSADOR I About Radio Frequency Amplification?

You don't need to wade through involved mathe-
matical discussions to find the explanation you want.
Kenneth Harkness makes it all plain in this one
volume written in straightforward English.

AMBASSADOR Phones
have no superior as to
New! "Tiie Theory and Practice of New!
sen!iilivcness, clearn~!=,
balance and long range.
Their quality is the bcsl
Radio Frequency Amplification"
because they arc produced By KENNETH HARKNESS
in a new modem factory
by master builders and Let Kenneth Harkness, Chief Engineer of the Radio Guild. give you inside
every phone is backed by information on the design and wiring of commercial radio frequency amplify-
a one-year, written money- ing receivers.
back guarantee.
With scores of revealing photographs, drawings and wiring diagrams this
Your ~et is no better than book will tell you in simple and direct language:
the phones and if you want
lo locale statiom hereto-
fore im{>O$sible to hear,
l. The .theory of radio freqaency ampli- BOW TO OBTAIN YOUR COPY
fication.
m=e A MB ASSA DOR 2. How yoa can construct at Jo w cost Nothing we can say will describe the
phones. your choice of .three different types of pleasure and instruction you will derive
radio-audio frequency receivers of from reading this latest and most com-
standard make-the most sensitive prehensive work on radio reception.
THE AMBASSADOR SALES CO. 3.
and selec.tive on the market today.
Specifications of the best and patented
Mail the coupoa below NOW and receive
your copy in return.
Telephone Cortlandt 6296 type of radio frequency transformer. Don't delay t Mail the coupon NOW
78 CORTLANDT STREET NEW YORK This information, with series of photo-
graphs, is released for the first time.
Tf ) 'Ollr tlt' t\ler t•n rniol suuply )OU~ writ~ us hii-- nu1u~ o r coll ut ullr btorc. SEND NO MONEY
Jlfoll ortlcr• 8cnt (.'. O. o. lmm ..dintely. full y (•onr eol b3 mmley· lm<:k 1:11nrnntcc.
4. Complete details of a new and special
tuning device for use with radio fre-
quency amplification. It ensures the Simply mail the coupon. When the book
highest possible selectivity with long arrives pay the postman only $1.00 plus
distance reception. p<>sta,e.
5. How to make a high frequency oseil-

'Ambassador Phones 6.
Jator covering all wave-lengths.
The construction of a "Neutrody;ne~ ~bt l\abio ~uilb, Jnc.
receiver, with all tbe latest details. 256 West 34th Street. New York. N. Y.
l. Are superior as to Sf'nsitin-- 4. Cvntain P<>''"t•rful magr1ots.ai:rf'(I
ncss- aiitl ma1,'Tl..tiz1·d by a S(ll'l'iai
proc~to a!'sur.· 1~·rm,nil·nn·- These are only a few of the many subjects of current
2. J\ro oouer balanced as to interest which arc described in detail in this remark-
5. An· accurat..:lv wou•\d with able book. Nothing like this h.as ever been published The Radio Guild, Inc..
vulun:o-- spt,.;1al wiro l.t; givo m:.L\imnm before in one volume. lt fills your need for author-
number of turns and corroct 256 West 34th Street,
3. 1Iavo aluminum cups and \V<·ll- itative information on the subjects which are most
designt'Ci ht'ad band i.e. as."urn rcxlance. important to you today- long distance reception and New York. N. Y.
Pleaae •end my copy o t "The 'l'heory aod
foath<'r lightn~s \\"ith maximum 6. Sold und1•r a "11."ril Inn monuy- selective reception. It will tell you in easy-.to-grasp Practice of Hadlo Frequency AlnJ>llflcatJon.'·
we-arm~ comfon- back-Qne.yoar guarantoo. language how to make a r«eiver which will be so by Kenneth Harlene""- r wUI pay the poat·
mn.n $1.00 plus the ooot.age upon delivery.
far superior in both appearance and ope.r ation to the (Note : It you a.re likely to- be out when the
sets your friends have that .they will envy your suc- postman calls you
now . )
ma~· send cub irltb order
cess. And this book will tell you WHY your s et
operates as well as HOW to operate it to the best Name .. .. .... ....... . . ... . ..... ..... .
advantage.
Address ... ....... .. .. ... .... .... ... .

City . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . Stat.e .... .. .

(Outside U. S., $1.10 cash with order)

i.
 De Forest makes many types of receiv-
ing sets, but probably the most successful
have been the reflex circuit sets, one of
which is illustrated below.
D-7-A with indoor loop has many
transcontinental receiving records clear
from California to New Jersey. The
reflex is also made in Portaole form-
"3,000 miles in one hand" which operates
with the new De Forest DV-6-A tubes
on dry batteries, self-contained in the
cabinet.
At the left are illustrated some of the
laboratory precision De Forest parts,
which every real radio fan knows all
about. Note especially the new DV-6-A
tube, designed for operation either with
the standard type -0f A Storage Battery
or with dry batteries. This tube operates
in all models of the reflex set. Send for
catalog and descriptive literature of
complete De Forest line.
DE FOREST RADIO TEL. & TEL. CO.
Dept.C
~

Jersey The Famous De Forest

City. D-7-A Reflex. Price with
Radio Fans Who "Build Indoor Loop, $125.00.
Their Own" Always
N. J. Made also in Portable
Form (D-10) with Dry
Prefer De Forest Parts. Battetiea lnaide Cabinet,
$150.00.

aft e e

The RadioCran Company, owned by the and A and B batterie!!;

De Foresi Company, manufactures RadioCraft and D-4, one of the
. RegeneratiTe ReceiTers under Armstrong patent lowest priced Regenerative
·No. 1,113,149. receivers on the market.
The RadioCrah Company uses in the manu- with a range of several
facture of these sets the well-known and hundred miles.
tested De Forest parts. Illustrated are If you are int.erested in
D -6 with a receiTing range of approximately Regenerative sets send for
2,500 mil0ll, which uses outdoor antenna, the RadioCraft catalog.
THE RADIOCRAFf CO.
INO.
Dept. G.
139 Franklin St.,
Jersey City, N. J.

RadioCraft's D-6 Receiver,

Price $130.00.