Exercise -1Aim - Introduction to
Glassware and equipments,
Biosafety and Biomedical waste
Management
Various Hazards possible in the lab are:
1. Electric Burns Glass Needle
shock injury injury
Physic
al
Hazar
ds
2. Strong Strong Carcino
Chemic acids alkali gens
al
Hazard
s
3. Specimens used in lab The major being
Infecti are all potentially
infective.
Hepatitis, TB, HIV etc.
ve
Hazar
ds
Continued…
Toxic substances in the lab can be
absorbed either from the direct contact
through skin or by inhaling vapours or can
be swallowed by mistake while pipetting.
Precautions while handling infective
samples
High risk samples should be labeled but that
doesn’t rule out the possibility of other samples
not being infective.
Mouth pippeting of any sample is to be avoided.
Try not to get blood on your hand and do not spill
the blood in the lab.
HIV is very fragile and dies at only 56ºC or when
soaked in common disinfactants.
Samples can be exposed to UV radiation before
analysis
Continued..
In case of any cut on hands, cover them well with
plastic tape and then wear gloves.
First remove lab coat followed by gloves and then
wash hands.
Minimum use of mobiles in lab
Precautions for avoidance of
accidents
All bottles containing chemicals and reagents
should be clearly labeled
Never carry large bottles by neck
Whenever possible, use small measuring
cylinders for measuring acid and alkali.
Many chemicals have the potential to cause
cancer and most commonly used
carcinogenic agents are – Aromatic amines,
benzidine and orthotulidine
Precautions for avoidance of
accidents (continued)
Picric acid, when dry, explodes on percussion. It
should not be kept in ground glass stopper bottle,
but, should be stored under water, in a container
closed by a cork or rubber stopper.
Acids and strong oxidizing agents should be mixed
in the sink where water is available for cooling.
Do not throw any solid in the sink.
While pouring strong acid or alkali in the sink make
sure enough water is used to rinse it away.
Precautions while pipetting
Use dropper or automated pipette wherever possible.
Allow the contents to run down along the wall of the
test tube and prevent releasing them from height.
Do not blow out infectious samples.
Do not eat or drink in lab.
First Aid and
emergency treatment
Acid burns: HNO3, H2SO4, HCl, TCA.
Splashes on skin: thoroughly wash with water and apply
cotton wool soaked in 5% aqueous sodium carbonate.
Splashes on the eye: wash thoroughly with water and
put 4 drops of 2% aq. NaHCO3 into the eye. Continue
adding drops until checked by the doctor.
Swallowing: make the person drink 2 eggs’ white mixed
with 500 ml of water/milk and report to the doctor.
Alkali burns: Na+ , K+ and NH4+
hydroxide
Splashes on skin: thoroughly wash with water and
apply cotton wool soaked in 5% acetic acid (or
undiluted vinegar)
Splashes on the eye: wash thoroughly with water
and then with saturated solution of boric acid.
Swallowing: make the person drink 5% solution of
acetic acid or lemon juice or dilute vinegar and
report to the doctor.
Burns caused by heat
A) Severe burns: if the victim is on fire, roll him in a
blanket or overall to smother the flames. Do not remove
his clothing. Do not apply any treatment to the burns.
This must be left to the physician.
B) Minor Burns: Plunge the affected part into cold water
to soothe the pain. Apply Mercurochrome or Acriflavine
ointment to the burns. Apply a dry gauze dressing
loosely. Never tear off the blisters that form over the
burns.
Injuries caused by broken
glass
Wash the wound immediately to remove any
glass piece and apply Acriflavine ointment. Cover
with a gauze and adhesive tape.
If the cut bleeds heavily, stop the bleeding by
pressing down on it. Tourniquets can be used.
Contamination by infected
material
If the injury caused by the glassware happens to
be infected, wash the wound immediately. Make
it bleed. Bathe it inside out with antiseptic lotion.
If the infected material is sucked into the mouth,
spit it out immediately n try to induce puke.
If the skin is infected with highly virulent
organism, touch the involved part with carbolic
acid.
Glassware and
Equipment
To be drawn on left hand side
To be drawn on left hand side
Lab equipmentsHot Air Oven
Hot Air Oven
Used to sterilise glassware
use a thermostat to control the temperature
An air circulating fan helps in uniform
distribution of the heat
To be drawn on left hand side
Laboratory/Boiling Water Bath
Laboratory/boiling water bath
used to incubate samples in water at a
constant temperature over a long period
of time
have an analogue interface to set a desired
temperature
To be drawn on left hand side
Centrifuge Machine
Centrifuge Machine
A centrifuge is a device that uses centrifugal force
to separate various components of a fluid.
the radial acceleration causes denser
particles to settle to the bottom of the tube,
while low-density substances rise to the top.
Balancing of the tubes is most essential step
in centrifugation.
Biomedical Waste
Management
To be drawn on left hand side
Biomedical Waste Management
Biomedical Waste Management
The Biomedical waste should be managed as per the following
table:
THANX
