tc rd vkidks ;g ijh{k.

k iqfLrdk [kksyus dks u dgk tk, rc rd u [kksysa

Vh-ch-lh-% SKT-D-RTGS ijh{k.k iqfLrdk vuqozQe

iz'u&iqfLrdk
lkekU; vè;;u ,oa lkekU; fganh
D
le; % rhu ?k.Vs iw.kk±d % 200

vuqns'k
1- ijh{kk çkjaHk gksus ds rqjar ckn] vki bl ijh{k.k iqfLrdk dh iM+rky vo'; dj ysa fd blesa dksbZ fcuk Nik] iQVk ;k NwVk gqvk
i`"B vFkok ç'uka'k vkfn u gksA ;fn ,slk gS] rks bls lgh ijh{k.k iqfLrdk ls cny ysaA
2- Ñi;k è;ku j[ksa fd OMR mÙkj&i=kd esa] mfpr LFkku ij] jksy uacj dks] è;ku ls ,oa fcuk fdlh pwd ;k folaxfr ds Hkjus vkSj
dwVc¼ djus dh f”kEesnkjh mEehnokj dh gSA fdlh Hkh çdkj dh pwd@folaxfr dh fLFkfr esa mÙkj&i=kd fujLr dj fn;k tk,xkA
3- bl ijh{k.k iqfLrdk ij lkFk esa fn, x, dks"Bd esa vkidks viuk
vuqØekad fy[kuk gSA ijh{k.k iqfLrdk ij vkSj dqN u fy[ksaA
4- bl ijh{k.k iqfLrdk esa 200 ç'uka'k (ç'u) fn, x, gSaA çR;sd ç'uka'k fgUnh vkSj vaxzs”kh nksuksa esa Nik gSA çR;sd ç'uka'k esa pkj
çR;qÙkj (mÙkj) fn, x, gSaA buesa ls ,d çR;qÙkj dks pqu ysa] ftls vki mÙkj&i=kd ij vafdr djuk pkgrs gSaA ;fn vkidks ,slk yxs
fd ,d ls vfèkd çR;qÙkj lgh gSa] rks ml çR;qÙkj dks vafdr djsa tks vkidks lokZsÙke yxsA çR;sd ç'uka'k ds fy, dsoy ,d gh
çR;qÙkj pquuk gSA
5- vkidks vius lHkh çR;qÙkj vyx ls fn, x, mÙkj&i=kd ij gh vafdr djus gSaA mÙkj&i=kd esa fn, x, funZs'k ns[ksaA
6- lHkh ç'uka'kksa ds vad leku gSaA
7- vki vius lHkh çR;qÙkjksa dks mÙkj&i=kd esa Hkjus ds ckn rFkk ijh{kk ds lekiu ij dsoy mÙkj&i=kd vèkh{kd dks lkSai nsaA vkidks
vius lkFk ijh{k.k iqfLrdk ys tkus dh vuqepfr gSA
8- xyr mÙkjksa ds fy, naM %
lHkh ç'uksa esa mEehnokj }kjk fn, x, xyr mÙkjksa ds fy, naM fn;k tk,xkA
(i) çR;sd ç'u ds fy, pkj oSdfYid mÙkj gSaA mEehnokj }kjk çR;sd ç'u ds fy, fn, x, ,d xyr mÙkj ds fy, ç'u gsrq
fu;r fd, x, vadksa dk ,d&frgkbZ naM ds :i esa dkVk tk,xkA
(ii) ;fn dksbZ mEehnokj ,d ls vfèkd mÙkj nsrk gS] rks bls xyr mÙkj ekuk tk,xk] ;|fi fn, x, mÙkjksa esa ls ,d mÙkj lgh
gksrk gS] fiQj Hkh ml ç'u ds fy, mi;ZqDrkuqlkj gh] mlh rjg dk naM fn;k tk,xkA
(iii) ;fn mEehnokj }kjk dksbZ ç'u gy ughaa fd;k tkrk gS] vFkkZr~ mEehnokj }kjk mÙkj ughaa fn;k tkrk gS] rks ml ç'u ds fy, dksbZ
naM ugha fn;k tk,xkA

tc rd vkidks ;g ijh{k.k iqfLrdk [kksyus dks u dgk tk, rc rd u [kksysa

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 1- ;kaf=kd rjax ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku 1. With reference to mechanical waves, which of the
lgh gS@gSa\ following statements is/are correct?
1- buds lapj.k ds fy, ekè;e dh vko';drk gksrh gSA 1. A medium is required for their transmission.
2- paæek ij èofu rjaxksa dk lapj.k ugha gksrk gSA 2. Sound waves are not transmitted on the moon.
uhps fn, x, dwV esa ls lgh mÙkj pqfu, % Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
(a) dsoy 2 (b) u rks 1 u gh 2 (a) Only 2 (b) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) dsoy 1 (d) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (c) Only 1 (d) Both 1 and 2

2- uhps nks dFku fn, x, gSa] ftuesa ls ,d dks vfHkdFku (A) vkSj 2. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as
nwljs dks dkj.k (R) dgk x;k gSA Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).

vfHkdFku (A) % cjlkr ds ekSle esa Vªsu dh lhVh nwj rd lqukbZ Assertion (A) : During the rainy season, the sound of
nsrh gSA train whistle is heard far away.

dkj.k (R) % vkæZ ok;q esa èofu dh pky c<+ tkrh gSA Reason (R) : The speed of sound increases in humid air.

uhps fn, x, dwV ls lgh mÙkj dk p;u dhft, % Select the correct answer from the code given below:

dwV % Code:
(a) (A) and (R) both are true, but (R) is not the correct
(a) (A) vkSj (R) nksuksa lR; gSa] fdarq (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k
explanation of (A).
ugha gSA
(b) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(b) (A) lR; gS] fdarq (R) vlR; gSA
(c) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
(c) (A) vlR; gS] fdarq (R) lR; gSA
(d) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
(d) (A) vkSj (R) nksuksa lR; gSa vkSj (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k
explanation of (A).
gSA
3. Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct answer
3- lwph&I dks lwph&II ls lqesfyr dhft, rFkk uhps fn, x, dwV
using the code given below:
ls lgh mÙkj pqfu, %
List-I List-II
lwph&I lwph&II
(Measurement) (Applications)
(ekid) (vuqç;ksx)
A. Galvanometer 1. Electric current
A. xSYosuksehVj 1- fo|qr /kjk
B. Barometer 2. Atmospheric pressure
B. cSjksehVj 2- ok;qeaMyh; nkc
C. Atmometer 3. Evaporation
C. ,VeksehVj 3- ok"ihdj.k
D. Karatmeter 4. Purity of gold
D. dSjsVehVj 4- Lo.kZ dh 'kq¼rk
Code :
dwV %
(a) A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
(a) A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
(b) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2 (b) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
(c) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 (c) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
(d) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3 (d) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

gsM vkWfiQl  % 636] Hkw&ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&09

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 4- vory niZ.k dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS& 4. Concave mirrors are used -
1- 'ksfoax niZ.kksa ds :i esa 1. As shaving mirrors
2- lkSj HkfV~V;ksa esa 2. In solar ovens
3- okguksa ds i'p n`'; niZ.k ds :i esa 3. As rear view mirrors of vehicles
uhps fn, x, dwV esa ls lgh mÙkj pqfu, % Select the correct answer from the code given below:
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 (b) dsoy 2
(a) Only 1 and 2 (b) Only 2
(c) Only 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 (d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
5. At the time of short circuit, the value of electric current
5- y?kqiFku (short circuit) ds le; ifjiFk esa fo|qr/kjk dk eku&
in the circuit -
(a) de gks tkrk gSA
(a) decreases.
(b) vifjofrZr jgrk gSA
(b) remains unchanged.
(c) vf/d gks tkrk gSA (c) increases.
(d) fujarj ifjofrZr gksrk jgrk gSA (d) keeps changing continuously.
6- rkiekih ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh 6. With reference to thermometer, which of the following
gS@gSa\ statements is/are correct?
1- rki esa ifjorZu ds lkFk gh inkFkZ ds xq.kksa esa Hkh ifjorZu 1. With the change in temperature, the properties of
gksrk gSA matter also change.
2- lsfYl;l iSekus esa ty ds DoFkukad fcanq dks 0°C fu/kZfjr 2. In Celsius scale, the boiling point of water is fixed
fd;k tkrk gSA at 0°C.
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj dk p;u dhft, % Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) dsoy 2 (b) u rks 1 u gh 2 (a) Only 2 (b) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) dsoy 1 (d) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa
(c) Only 1 (d) Both 1 and 2

7. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as

7- uhps nks dFku fn, x, gSa] ftuesa ls ,d dks vfHkdFku (A) vkSj
Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).
nwljs dks dkj.k (R) dgk x;k gSA
Assertion (A) : In winters, iron feels colder to touch
vfHkdFku (A) % lfnZ;ksa esa ydM+h dh vis{kk yksgs dks Nwus ij than wood.
vf/d BaMk eglwl gksrk gSA
Reason (R) : Iron is a poor conductor of heat.
dkj.k (R) % yksgk Å"ek dk dqpkyd gksrk gSA
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
uhps fn, x, dwV ls lgh mÙkj dk p;u dhft, %
Code :
dwV %
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct
(a) (A) vkSj (R) nksuksa lR; gSa] fdarq (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k explanation of (A).
ugha gSA (b) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(b) (A) lR; gS] fdarq (R) vlR; gSA (c) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
(c) (A) vlR; gS] fdarq (R) lR; gSA (d) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
(d) (A) vkSj (R) nksuksa lR; gSa vkSj (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k gSA explanation of (A).

gsM vkWfiQl  % 636] Hkw&ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&09

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 8- i`Foh dk lw;Z ds pkjksa vksj ifjØe.k fuEufyf•r esa ls fdlls 8. Revolution of the earth around the sun is related to which
lacaf/r gS\ of the following?
(a) ?kw.kZu xfr (a) Rotational motion
(b) vkorZ xfr (b) Periodic motion
(c) nksyu xfr (c) Oscillatory motion
(d) ç{ksI; xfr (d) Projectile motion

9- fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk ,d U;wVu ds xfr ds çFke fu;e ls 9. Which one of the following is not related to Newton's
lacaf/r ugha gS\ first law of motion?
(a) Fruits of a tree fall down when it is shaken.
(a) isM+ dks fgykus ls mlds iQyksa dk VwVdj uhps fxjukA
(b) Passengers in a moving vehicle bend forward when
(b) pyrh gqbZ xkM+h ds vpkud #dus ij mlesa cSBs ;kf=k;ksa dk
it suddenly stops.
vkxs dh vksj >qdukA
(c) Dust particles fall down when a blanket is beaten
(c) dacy dks MaMs ls ihVus ij /qy ds d.kksa dk uhps fxj tkukA
with a stick.
(d) Å¡pkbZ ls dwnus ij pksV yxukA
(d) Getting hurt when jumping from a height.
10- tc dksbZ oLrq Åij ls eqDr :i ls NksM+h tkrh gS] og xq#Ro ds
10. When an object is released freely from above, it starts
dkj.k i`Foh dh vksj fxjus yxrh gS vkSj tSls&tSls oLrq i`Foh falling towards the earth due to gravity and as the object
ds fudV vkrh gS] mldk osx & comes closer to the earth, its velocity -
(a) ?kVrk tkrk gS (b) c<+rk tkrk gS (a) decreases (b) increases
(c) vifjofrZr jgrk gS (d) buesa ls dksbZ ugha (c) remains unchanged (d) None of these
11- uhps nks dFku fn, x, gSa] ftlesa ls ,d dks vfHkdFku (A) rFkk 11. Given below are two statements, one labelled as
nwljs dks dkj.k (R) dgk x;k gSA Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R):
vfHkdFku (A) % rki esa o`f¼ ds lkFk v¼Zpkydksa esa fo|qr Assertion (A) : Conductivity in semiconductors
pkydrk c<+ tkrh gSA increases with increase in temperature.
dkj.k (R) % rki c<+us ij vf/d la[;k esa bysDVªku la;kstd Reason (R) : As temperature increases, more number
cSaM esa pys tkrs gSaA of electrons move into the valence band.
uhps fn, x, dwV ls lgh mÙkj pqfu, % Select the correct answer from the code given below :
dwV % Code :
(a) (A) rFkk (R) nksuksa lgh gSa] vkSj (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k (a) (A) and (R) both are true and (R) is the correct
djrk gSA explanation of (A).
(b) (A) rFkk (R) nksuksa lgh gSa] fdarq (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct
ugha djrk gSA explanation of (A).
(c) (A) lgh gS] fdarq (R) xyr gSA (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) xyr gS] fdarq (R) lgh gSA (d) (A) is false but (R) is true.

gsM vkWfiQl  % 636] Hkw&ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&09

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 12- ysDyka'ks lsy ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft, % 12. With reference to Leclanche cell, consider the following
1- ;g ,d lapk;d lsy gSA statements:

2- bldk ç;ksx lkekU;r% VªkaftLVjksa ,oa ?kfM+;ksa esa fd;k tkrk 1. It is an accumulator cell.
gSA 2. It is commonly used in transistors and clocks.

mi;ZqDr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\ Which of the above statements is/are correct?

(a) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (b) dsoy 1 (a) Both 1 and 2 (b) Only 1

(c) u rks 1 uk gh 2 (d) dsoy 2 (c) Neither 1 nor 2 (d) Only 2

13- fuEufyf•r esa ls fdl mRçsjd dk ç;ksx ouLifr rsyksa ds 13. Which of the following catalysts is used in the
hydrogenation of vegetable oils?
gkbMªkstuhdj.k esa fd;k tkrk gS\
(a) Iron (b) Platinum
(a) yksgk (b) IySfVue
(c) Nickel (d) Nitrogen
(c) fudsy (d) ukbVªkstu
14. Which of the following are examples of colloids?
14- fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&ls dksykbM ds mnkgj.k gSa\
1. Dust 2. Clouds
1- /wy 2- ckny
3. Foam rubber 4. Soap scum
3- iQkse jcj 4- lkcqu dk >kx
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj dk p;u dhft, %
Code:
dwV %
(a) Only 1 and 2
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
(b) Only 1, 2 and 4
(b) dsoy 1] 2 vkSj 4
(c) Only 2 and 4
(c) dsoy 2 vkSj 4
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(d) 1] 2] 3 vkSj 4
15. Out of the four pairs given below, how many pairs are
15- uhps fn, x, pkj ;qXeksa esa ls] fdrus ;qXe lgh lqesfyr gSa\ correctly matched?
(lwph&I) (lwph&II) (List-I) (List-II)
(/krq) ('kks/u i¼fr) (Metals) (Refining Methods)
A. ftad & vklou A. Zinc – Distillation
B. fVu & æo xyu ifj"dj.k B. Tin – Melting Refining
C. rk¡ck & oS|qr vi?kVuh C. Copper – Electrolytic
D. teZsfu;e & eaMy ifj"dj.k D. Germanium – Zone Refining
(a) 4 (b) 2 (a) 4 (b) 2
(c) 1 (d) 3 (c) 1 (d) 3

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 16- uhps nks dFku fn, x, gSa] ftlesa ls ,d dks vfHkdFku (A) rFkk 16. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as
nwljs dks dkj.k (R) dgk x;k gSA Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).
vfHkdFku (A) % veksfu;k yqbl {kkjd dh rjg O;ogkj djrk gSA Assertion (A) : Ammonia behaves as a Lewis base.
dkj.k (R) % veksfu;k esa ukbVªkstu ijek.kq ij ,d ,dkdh Reason (R) : Ammonia has a lone pair of electrons on
bysDVªkWu ;qxy dh mifLFkfr gksrh gSA the nitrogen atom.
uhps fn, x, dwV ls lgh mÙkj pqfu, % Select the correct answer from the code given below:
dwV % Code :
(a) (A) rFkk (R) nksuksa lgh gSa vkSj (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
djrk gSA explanation of (A).
(b) (A) rFkk (R) nksuksa lgh gSa] fdarq (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct
ugha djrk gSA explanation of (A).
(c) (A) lgh gS] fdarq (R) xyr gSA (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) xyr gS] fdarq (R) lgh gSA (d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

17- yky iQkWLiQksjl ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk ,d dFku 17. With reference to red phosphorus, which one of the
lgh ugha gS\ following statements is not correct?
(a) ;g xa/ghu ,oa vfo"kSyk gksrk gSA (a) It is odorless and non-poisonous.
(b) ;g ty esa vfoys; gksrk gSA (b) It is insoluble in water.
(c) ;g va/sjs esa pedrk gSA (c) It glows in the dark.
(d) bldh ped yksgs tSlh /wlj gksrh gSA (d) Its shine is gray like iron.

18- fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&ls ,FksukWy ls izHkkfor gksrs gSa\ 18. Which of the following is affected by ethanol?
1- raf=kdk ra=k 2- fu.kZ; {kerk 1. Nervous system 2. Decision making ability
3- 'olu fØ;k 4- lwa?kus dh {kerk 3. Respiratory function 4. Sense of smell
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu, % Select the correct answer using the code given below:
dwV % Code :
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 (b) dsoy 1] 2 vkSj 3 (a) Only 1 and 2 (b) Only 1, 2 and 3
(c) dsoy 2 vkSj 4 (d) 1] 2] 3 vkSj 4 (c) Only 2 and 4 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

19- fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk ,d ;qXe lgh lqesfyr gS\ 19. Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?
(a) flYoj vk;ksMkbM % gkWuZ flYoj (a) Silver iodide : Horn silver
(b) flYoj DyksjkbM % Ñf=ke o"kkZ (b) Silver chloride : Artificial rain
(c) f”kad iQkWLiQkbM % pwgs dk fo"k (c) Zinc phosphide : Rat poison
(d) f”kad lYiQkbM % peZ jksx dh nok (d) Zinc sulphide : Medicine for skin diseases

gsM vkWfiQl  % 636] Hkw&ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&09

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 20- lwph&I dks lwph&II ls lqesfyr dhft, rFkk uhps fn, x, dwV 20. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer
ls lgh mÙkj dk p;u dhft,A from the code given below.
lwph&I lwph&II List-I List-II
(/krq) (v;Ld) (Metal) (Ore)
A. eSfXuf'k;e 1- dkukZykbV A. Magnesium 1. Carnallite
B. ,Y;qehfu;e 2- ckWDlkbV B. Aluminium 2. Bauxite
C. eSaxuht 3- ikbjksyqlkbV C. Manganese 3. Pyrolusite
D. lksuk 4- flYosukbV D. Gold 4. Sylvanite
dwV % Code :
(a) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 (b) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3 (a) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 (b) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
(c) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2 (d) A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1 (c) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2 (d) A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
21- uhps nks dFku fn, x, gSa] ftuesa ls ,d dks vfHkdFku (A) rFkk 21. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as
nwljs dks dkj.k (R) dgk x;k gSA Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).
vf/dFku (A) % ekbVksdkWfUMª;k dks ekuo 'kjhj dk ÅtkZ x`g Assertion (A) : Mitochondria is called the power house
dgk tkrk gSA of the human body.
dkj.k (R) % ;g thou ds fy, vko';d fofHkUu jklk;fud Reason (R) : It provides energy in the form of adenosine
fØ;kvksa dks djus ds fy, ,sfMuksflu VªkbiQkWLiQsV ds :i esa ÅtkZ triphosphate for carrying out various chemical reactions
çnku djrk gSA necessary for life.
uhps fn, x, dwV esa ls lgh mÙkj pqfu, % Choose the correct answer from the code given below:
(a) (A) vkSj (R) nksuksa lgh gSa vkSj (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
djrk gSA explanation of (A).
(b) (A) xyr gS] fdarq (R) lgh gSA (b) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
(c) (A) vkSj (R) nksuksa lgh gSa] fdarq (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k (c) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct
ugha djrk gSA explanation of (A).
(d) (A) lgh gS] fdarq (R) xyr gSA (d) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

22- fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft, % 22. Consider the following statements:
1- IykfLVM nksgjh f>Yyh okys vaxd gksrs gSa tks ikniksa vkSj 1. Plastids are double membrane organelles found in
lthoksa dh dksf'kdkvksa esa ik, tkrs gSaA the cells of plants and animals.
2- IykfLVM esa ,sls jaxæO; gksrs gSa ftudk mi;ksx ikni çdk'k 2. Plastids contain pigments that plants use in
la'ys"k.k esa djrs gSaA photosynthesis.
mi;ZqDr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\ Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (b) u rks 1 u gh 2 (a) Both 1 and 2 (b) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) dsoy 1 (d) dsoy 2 (c) Only 1 (d) Only 2

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 23- fuEufyf•r esa ls fdl Ård ls ikS/ksa esa yphykiu dk xq.k ik;k 23. Which of the following tissues provides the property of
tkrk gS\ flexibility in plants?
(a) ,fiMfeZl (b) iSjsadkbek (a) Epidermis (b) Parenchyma
(c) dkWysadkbek (d) LDysjsadkbek (c) Collenchyma (d) Sclerenchyma

24- fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft, % 24. Consider the following statements :

1- tkbye ifÙk;ksa ls Hkkstu dks ikS/ksa ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa rd 1. Xylem transports food from leaves to various parts
of the plants.
igq¡pkrk gSA
2. Phloem transports water and mineral salts to various
2- Ýyks,e ikuh vkSj •fut yo.kksa dks ikS/ksa ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa
parts of the plants.
rd igq¡pkrk gSA
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
mi;ZqDr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\
(a) Both 1 and 2 (b) Neither 1 nor 2
(a) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (b) u rks 1 u gh 2
(c) Only 1 (d) Only 2
(c) dsoy 1 (d) dsoy 2
25. With reference to gastric juice, consider the following
25- tBj jl ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft, % statements :
1- jsfuu ,atkbe uotkr f'k'kqvksa esa nqX/ çksVhu ds ikpu esa 1. Rennin enzyme helps in the digestion of milk
lgk;rk djrk gSA protein in newborns.
2- isfIlu ,atkbe Hkkstu esa mifLFkr çksVhu ?kVd dks NksVs& NksVs 2. Pepsin enzyme converts the protein component
v.kqvksa esa ifjofrZr djrk gSA present in food into smaller molecules.
mi;ZqDr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\ Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (b) u rks 1 u gh 2 (a) Both 1 and 2 (b) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) dsoy 1 (d) dsoy 2 (c) Only 1 (d) Only 2

26- jDr ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft, % 26. With reference to blood, consider the following
statements:
1- ;g Årdksa dk ,d lewg gS] ftlesa æO; vk/k=kh (eSfVªDl)
1. It is a group of tissues in which fluid matrix, plasma
Iyk”ek rFkk vU; laxfBr lajpuk,¡ ikbZ tkrh gSaA
and other organized structures are found.
2- Iyk”ek esa mifLFkr XyksCkqfyu çksVhu jDr FkDdk cukus esa
2. Globulin proteins present in plasma help in blood
lgk;d gksrh gSA
clotting.
mi;ZqDr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (b) u rks 1 u gh 2
(a) Both 1 and 2 (b) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) dsoy 1 (d) dsoy 2 (c) Only 1 (d) Only 2
27- fuEufyf•r esa ls fdldh deh ds dkj.k ekuo 'kjhj ls vf/d 27. Due to the deficiency of which of the following,
jDr lzko gksrk gS\ excessive bleeding occurs from the human body?
(a) gheksXyksfcu (b) fyaiQkslkbV (a) Haemoglobin (b) Lymphocytes
(c) IysVysV~l (d) Iyk”ek (c) Platelets (d) Plasma

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 28- fuEufyf•r tksM+ksa esa ls dkSu&ls tksM+k lgh lqesfyr ugha gS\ 28. Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
(a) ih;w"k xzafFk (ihVÔwVjh) & 'kkjhfjd o`f¼ (a) Pituitary gland - Physical growth
(b) balqfyu & 'kdZjk Lrj dk fu;eu (b) Insulin - Regulate sugar level
(c) Adrenal gland - Aids in digestion
(c) ,fMªuy xzafFk & ikpu esa lgk;d
(d) Thyroid gland - Regulates of metabolism
(d) Fkk;jkWbM xzafFk & mikip; dk fu;eu
29. With reference to the hypothalamus, consider the
29- gkbiksFkSysel ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft, %
following statements :
1- ;g 'kjhj dh fiVÔwVjh xzafFk dks fu;af=kr djrk gSA 1. It controls the pituitary gland of the body.
2- ;g 'kjhj ds rkieku] Hkw• vkSj I;kl dks fu;af=kr djrk gSA 2. It controls body temperature, hunger and thirst.
mi;ZqDr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\ Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (a) Both 1 and 2
(b) u rks 1 u gh 2 (b) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) dsoy 1 (c) Only 1

(d) dsoy 2 (d) Only 2

30. Due to the deficiency of which of the following

30- fuEufyf•r esa ls fdl gkekZsu dh deh ds dkj.k o`¼ O;fDr;ksa
hormones, the immune system of old people becomes
dk çfrj{kk ra=k detksj gks tkrk gS\
weak?
(a) LVsjkW;M (b) ,LVªkstu (a) Steroids (b) Estrogen
(c) Fkkbeksflu (d) çkstsLVsjksu (c) Thymosin (d) Progesterone
31- fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk rus dk :ikarj.k ugha gS\ 31. Which of the following is not a modification of stem?
(a) vkyw (b) gYnh (a) Potato (b) Turmeric
(c) vnjd (d) ew¡xiQyh (c) Ginger (d) Peanut

32- LDysjsadkbek ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft, % 32. With reference to sclerenchyma, consider the following
statements:
1- ;g ikS/ksa esa yach] ladjh e`r dksf'kdk,¡ gksrh gSaA
1. It is a long, narrow dead cells of plants.
2- ;g ve#n] uk'kikrh rFkk phdw tSls xqísnkj iQyksa esa ik;k
2. It is found in pulpy fruits like guava, pear and
tkrk gSA
sapota.
mi;ZqDr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (a) Both 1 and 2
(b) u rks 1 u gh 2 (b) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) dsoy 1 (c) Only 1
(d) dsoy 2 (d) Only 2

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 33- lwph&I dks lwph&II ls lqesfyr dhft, vkSj lwfp;ksa ds uhps fn, 33. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer
x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu, % using the code given below the lists:
lwph&I lwph&II List-I List-II
(jksx) (y{k.k) (Disease) (Symptom)
A. jkbcksÝysohuksfll 1- Le`fr ßkl A. Riboflavinosis 1. Memory loss
B. csjh&csjh 2- ulksa vkSj ekalisf'k;ksa dh nqcy
Z rk B. Beriberi 2. Nerve and muscle weakness
C. isykxzk 3- Ropk vkSj thHk ij 'kq"d 'kYd C. Pellagra 3. Dry scales on skin and tongue
D. LdohZ 4- elw<+ksa ls jDrlzko D. Scurvy 4. Bleeding from gums
dwV % Code:
A B C D A B C D
(a) 1 2 4 3 (a) 1 2 4 3
(b) 3 1 4 2 (b) 3 1 4 2
(c) 2 4 3 1 (c) 2 4 3 1
(d) 2 4 1 3
(d) 2 4 1 3
34- uhps nks dFku fn, x, gSa] ftuesa ls ,d dks vfHkdFku (A) rFkk 34. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as
nwljs dks dkj.k (R) dgk x;k gSA Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).
vf/dFku (A) % U;weksfu;k jksx ls xzflr O;fDr dks lkal ysus esa Assertion (A) : A person suffering from Pneumonia
dfBukbZ gksrh gSA difficulty in breathing.
dkj.k (R) % blesa isQiQM+s ds ok;qdks"B laØfer gks tkrs gSaA Reason (R) : In this, the alveoli of the lungs get infected.
uhps fn, x, dwV esa ls lgh mÙkj pqfu, % Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
(a) (A) vkSj (R) nksuksa lgh gSa vkSj (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
djrk gSA explanation of (A).
(b) (A) xyr gS] fdarq (R) lgh gSA (b) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
(c) (A) vkSj (R) nksuksa lgh gSa] fdarq (R), (A) dh lgh O;k[;k (c) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct
ugha djrk gSA explanation of (A).
(d) (A) lgh gS] fdarq (R) xyr gSA (d) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
35- lwph&I dks lwph&II ls lqesfyr dhft, vkSj lwfp;ksa ds uhps fn, 35. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer
x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu, % using the code given below the lists:
lwph&I lwph&II List-I List-II
(oSKkfud) (•kst) (Scientist) (Discovery)
A. yqbZ ik'pj 1- isfuflfyu A. Louis Pasteur 1. Penicillin
B. vysDtsaMj Ýysfeax 2- fd.ou B. Alexander Fleming 2. Fermentation
C. ,MoMZ tsuj 3- thok.kq C. Edward Jenner 3. Bacteria
D. ,aVksuh okWu yqosugkWd 4- pspd ds Vhds D. Antonie von Leeuwenhoek 4. Smallpox vaccine

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 dwV % Code:
A B C D A B C D
(a) 1 2 4 3 (a) 1 2 4 3
(b) 3 1 4 2 (b) 3 1 4 2
(c) 2 4 3 1 (c) 2 4 3 1
(d) 2 1 4 3 (d) 2 1 4 3

36- o.kk±/rk fodkj ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft, % 36. With reference to colour blindness disorder, consider
the following statements:
1- blesa O;fDr yky ,oa ihys jax esa foHksn ugha dj ikrk gSA
1. In this, the person is unable to differentiate between
2- ;g fyax lgyXu vçHkkoh fodkj gSA red and yellow colour.
mi;ZqDr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\ 2. It is a sex-linked recessive disorder.
(a) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (b) u rks 1 u gh 2 Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(c) dsoy 1 (d) dsoy 2 (a) Both 1 and 2 (b) Neither 1 nor 2
37- fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk ,d ;qXe lgh lqesfyr ugha gS\ (c) Only 1 (d) Only 2

(cgqyd) (fufeZr oLrq) 37. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
(a) VsÝykWu % ukWu&fLVd crZu (Polymer) (Manufactured goods)
(b) ikWfy,sfØyksukbVªkby % çkÑfrd js'kk (a) Teflon : Non-stick utensils
(c) cSdsykbV % da?kh (b) Polyacrylonitrile : Natural fibre
(d) fuvksfçu % xSLdsV (c) Bakelite : Comb
(d) Neoprene : Gasket
38- fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&ls Ñf=ke e/qjd ds mnkgj.k gSa\
38. Which of the following are example of artificial sweeteners?
1- ,sLikVZse 2- lSdjhu
1. Aspartame 2. Saccharin
3- lqØkyksl 4- ,fyVse
3. Sucralose 4. Alitame
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj dk p;u dhft, %
Select the true answer using the code given below:
dwV%
Code:
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 (b) dsoy 1] 2 vkSj 3
(a) Only 1 and 2 (b) Only 1, 2 and 3
(c) dsoy 1] 3 vkSj 4 (d) 1] 2] 3 vkSj 4
(c) Only 1, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
39- fuEufyf•r ij fopkj dhft, % 39. Consider the following:
1- ty;ku vkSj iuMqfCc;ksa dk fM”kkbu 1. Design of ships and submarines
2- nqX/ekih 2. Lactometer
3- gkbMªksehVj 3. Hydrometer
mi;ZDq r esa ls dkSu&lk@ls vkfdZfeMht ds fl¼kar ij vk/kfjr gS@gS\a Which of the above is/are based on Archimedes principle?
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 (b) dsoy 2 (a) Only 1 and 2 (b) Only 2
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 (d) 1] 2 vkSj 3 (c) Only 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3

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 40- fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk ,d i`"B ruko ds lanHkZ esa lgh ugha 40. Which one of the following is not correctly matched
gS\ with reference to surface tension?
(a) æo dk rki c<+us ij i`"B ruko de gks tkrk gSA (a) Surface tension decreases when the temperature of
the liquid increases.
(b) v'kqf¼ feykus ij i`"B ruko dk eku c<+rk gSA
(b) The value of surface tension increases when impurities
(c) æo esa fo|qr /kjk çokfgr djus ij æo dk i`"B ruko ?kVrk gSA are added.
(d) buesa ls dksbZ ughaA (c) Surface tension of the liquid decreases when electric
current is passed through it.
41- fo'o /jksgj lfefr ds 46osa l=k ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf•r dFkuksa
(d) None of these.
ij fopkj dhft, %
1- bldh cSBd ubZ fnYyh ds Hkkjr eaMie esa vk;ksftr dh 41. With reference to the 46th session of the World Heritage
xbZA Committee, consider the following statements:
1. It was held at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.
2- bldh estckuh Hkkjr }kjk ^fodkl Hkh] fojklr Hkh* dh Fkhe
2. It was hosted by India under the theme "Development,
ds rgr dh xbZA
Heritage".
uhps fn, x, dwV esa ls lgh mÙkj pqfu, % Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
(a) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (b) dsoy 2 (a) Both 1 and 2 (b) Only 2
(c) dsoy 1 (d) u rks 1 u gh 2 (c) Only 1 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

42- jk"Vªh; f”kyk •fut iQkmaMs'ku (DMF) iksVZy ds lanHkZ esa] 42. With reference to the National District Mineral
fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft, % Foundation (DMF) Portal, consider the following
statements:
1- bls dsaæh; dks;yk ,oa •ku ea=kh th fd'ku jsM~Mh }kjk ykWUp
fd;k x;kA 1. It was launched by Union Coal and Mines Minister
G Kishan Reddy.
2- ;g iksVZy mUur ikjnf'kZrk ds lkFk ns'k esa 645 f”kyk •fut
2. The portal provides details of 645 District
iQkmaMs'kal dk fooj.k çnku djrk gSA Mineral Foundations in the country with enhanced
uhps fn, x, dwV esa ls lgh mÙkj pqfu, % transparency.
(a) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (b) dsoy 2 Select the correct answer from the code given below:
(c) dsoy 1 (d) u rks 1 u gh 2 (a) Both 1 and 2 (b) Only 2
(c) Only 1 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
43- fuEufyf•r esa ls fdl fnu dks dsaæ ljdkj us ^lafo/ku gR;k
fnol* ds :i esa eukus dk iQSlyk fd;k gS\ 43. Which of the following days has the Central Government
decided to observe as ‘Samvidhan Hatya Diwas’?
(a) 12 twu (b) 20 twu
(a) 12 June (b) 20 June
(c) 21 twu (d) 25 twu
(c) 21 June (d) 25 June
44- 10 tqykbZ] 2024 dks fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&ls jkT; dks ^ckxokuh 44. Which of the following states was awarded the 'Best
esa loZJs"B jkT; iqjLdkj 2024* ls lEekfur fd;k x;k\ State Award in Horticulture 2024' on July 10, 2024?
(a) vle (b) if'pe caxky (a) Assam (b) West Bengal
(c) vksfM'kk (d) uxkySaM (c) Odisha (d) Nagaland

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 45- uhps nks dFku fn, x, gSa] ftuesa ls ,d dks vfHkdFku (A) rFkk 45. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as
nwljs dks dkj.k (R) dgk x;k gSA Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).
vfHkdFku (A) % 9 tqykbZ] 2024 esa ç/kuea=kh ujsaæ eksnh dks :l Assertion (A): On July 9, 2024, Prime Minister
ds lokZsPp ukxfjd lEeku ^vkWMZj vkWiQ lsaV ,aMª;w n ,iksLVy* Narendra Modi was awarded Russia's highest civilian
honour 'Order of St. Andrew the Apostle'.
ls lEekfur fd;kA
Reason (R): This award was announced in the year
dkj.k (R) % bl lEeku dh ?kks"k.kk o"kZ 2022 esa dh xbZ FkhA
2022.
uhps fn, x, dwV esa ls lgh mÙkj pqfu, % Select the correct answer from the code given below:
(a) (A) rFkk (R) nksuksa lgh gSa vkSj (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
gSA explanation of (A).
(b) (A) xyr gS] fdarq (R) lgh gSA (b) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
(c) (A) rFkk (R) nksuksa lgh gSa] fdarq (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k (c) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct
ugha djrk gSA explanation of (A).
(d) (A) lgh gS] fdarq (R) xyr gSA (d) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

46- tqykbZ] 2024 esa fuEufyf•r esa ls fdls Úk¡l ds lokZsPp ukxfjd 46. Who among the following will be awarded France's
iqjLdkj ¶'ksosfy;j Mh yk yhtu Mh* gksuwj¸ ls lEekfur fd;k\ highest civilian award "Chevalier de la Legion d'Honneur"
in July, 2024?
(a) latho lgksrk (b) jks'kuh uknj eYgks=kk
(a) Sanjeev Sahota (b) Roshni Nadar Malhotra
(c) iwf.kZek nsoh ceZu (d) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
(c) Purnima Devi Burman (d) None of these
47- tqykbZ] 2024 esa fuEufyf•r esa ls fdlus uhnjySaM ds u, çèkkuea=kh 47. Who among the following took oath as the new Prime
ds :i esa 'kiFk yh\ Minister of Netherlands in July, 2024?
(a) xzhV foYMlZ (b) foe dksd (a) Greet Wilders (b) Wim Kok
(c) fMd 'kwiQ (d) buesa ls dksbZ ugha (c) Dick Schoof (d) None of these
48- gky gh esa fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&ls ns'k }kjk mUur Hkwfe voyksdu 48. Recently which of the following country launched
mixzg (ALOS-4) ¶DAICHI-4¸ ykWUp fd;k x;k\ Advanced Land Observation Satellite (ALOS-4)
(a) Hkkjr (b) tkiku “DAICHI-4”?
(c) vesfjdk (d) phu
(a) India (b) Japan
(c) America (d) China
49- ^ykWUx jsat XykbM ce % xkSjo* ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf•r dFkuksa
49. With reference to ‘Long Range Glide Bomb: Gaurav’,
ij fopkj dhft, %
consider the following statements:
1- igyk liQy mM+ku ijh{k.k Hkkjrh; ok;q lsuk ds lq•ksbZ&30
1. The first successful flight test was carried out by
,eds&vkbZ yM+kdw foeku }kjk fd;k x;kA Sukhoi-30 MK-I fighter aircraft of the Indian Air Force.
2- bls gSnjkckn fLFkr fjlpZ lsaVj bekjr (RCI) }kjk Lons'kh 2. It has been indigenously designed and developed by
:i ls fM”kkbu vkSj fodflr fd;k x;k gSA Hyderabad-based Research Centre Imarat (RCI).
uhps fn, x, dwV esa ls lgh mÙkj pqfu, % Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
(a) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (b) dsoy 2 (a) Both 1 and 2 (b) Only 2
(c) dsoy 1 (d) u rks 1 u gh 2 (c) Only 1 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

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 50- Hkkjr ds 500osa lkeqnkf;d jsfM;ks LVs'ku dk 'kqHkkjaHk dkSu&ls 50. In which state was India's 500th community radio station
jkT; esa fd;k x;k\ launched?
(a) egkjk"Vª (a) Maharashtra
(b) vksfM'kk (b) Odisha
(c) ef.kiqj (c) Manipur
(d) fe”kksje (d) Mizoram

51- xfeZ;ksa esa isaMqye okyh ?kM+h ;k yksyd dh çHkkoh yackbZ esa o`f¼ 51. In summer, due to increase in the effective length of a
ls vkorZdky & pendulum clock or pendulum, the time period –
(a) c<+ tkrk gS (a) increases.
(b) ?kV tkrk gS (b) decreases.
(c) vifjofrZr jgrk gS (c) remains unchanged.
(d) mi;ZqDr esa ls dksbZ ugha (d) None of the above

52- Bkslksa ds ;kaf=kd xq.kksa ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij fopkj 52. With reference to the mechanical properties of solids,
dhft, % consider the following statements:
1- çR;kLFkrk ds dkj.k dksbZ oLrq fo#id cy }kjk vius vkdkj 1. Due to elasticity, an object resists the change in its
esa gksus okys ifjorZu dk fojks/ djrh gSA shape by a deforming force.
2- n`< oLrq esa cká cy yxus ij Hkh mlds vkdkj esa ifjorZu 2. A rigid object does not change its shape even when
ugha gksrk gSA an external force is applied on it.
mi;ZqDr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\ Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (b) u rks 1 u gh 2 (a) Both 1 and 2 (b) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) dsoy 1 (d) dsoy 2 (c) Only 1 (d) Only 2

53- ok;qeaMyh; nkc ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij fopkj 53. With reference to atmospheric pressure, consider the
dhft, % following statements:
1- bldk ek=kd ikLdy gksrk gSA 1. Its unit is Pascal.
2- leqæ ry ls Åij dh vksj tkus ij ok;qeaMyh; nkc esa o`f¼ 2. Atmospheric pressure increases as we go upwards
gksrh gSA from the sea level.
mi;ZqDr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\ Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (a) Both 1 and 2
(b) u rks 1 u gh 2 (b) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) dsoy 1 (c) Only 1
(d) dsoy 2 (d) Only 2

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 54- lwph&I dks lwph&II ls lqesfyr dhft, rFkk uhps fn, x, dwV 54. Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct answer
ls lgh mÙkj pqfu, % from the code given below :
lwph&I lwph&II List–I List–II
(Fundamental Particles) (Discoverer)
(ekSfyd d.k) (•kstdrkZ)
A. Neutron 1. Rutherford
A. U;wVªkWu 1- jnjiQksMZ
B. Proton 2. James Chadwick
B. çksVkWu 2- tsEl pkSMfod
C. Meson 3. JJ Thomson
C. eslkWu 3- ts-ts- FkkWelu D. Electron 4. H Yukawa
D. bysDVªkWu 4- ,p- ;qdkok Code:
dwV% (a) A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1 (b) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
(a) A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1 (b) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2 (c) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 (d) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
(c) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 (d) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
55. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as
55- uhps nks dFku fn, x, gSa] ftuesa ls ,d dks vfHkdFku (A) rFkk Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).
nwljs dks dkj.k (R) dgk x;k gSA Assertion (A) : An element may have two or more
vfHkdFku (A) % ,d gh rRo ds nks ;k nks ls vf/d leLFkkfud isotopes.
gks ldrs gSaA Reason (R) : Isotopes have similar chemical properties.
dkj.k (R) % leLFkkfudksa ds jklk;fud xq.k leku gksrs gSaA Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
uhps fn, x, dwV esa ls lgh mÙkj pqfu, %
explanation of (A) code.
(a) (A) vkSj (R) nksuksa lgh gSa vkSj (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k
(b) (A) is false but (R) is true.
djrk gSA (c) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct
(b) (A) xyr gS] fdarq (R) lgh gSA explanation of (A).
(c) (A) vkSj (R) nksuksa lgh gSa] fdarq (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k (d) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
ugha djrk gSA 56. Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct answer
(d) (A) lgh gS] fdarq (R) xyr gSA from the code given below :
List–I List–II
56- lwph&I dks lwph&II ls lqesfyr dhft, rFkk uhps fn, x, dwV
(Centre) (Location)
ls lgh mÙkj pqfu, %
A. Vikram Sarabhai 1. Bengaluru
lwph&I lwph&II
Space Centre
(dsaæ) (vofLFkfr) B. ISRO Satellite Centre 2. Sriharikota
A. foØe lkjkHkkbZ varfj{k dsaæ 1- csaxyw# C. Space Applications 3. Thiruvananthapuram
B. bljks mixzg dsaæ 2- JhgfjdksVk Centre
C. varfj{k vuqç;ksx dsaæ 3- fr#ouariqje D. Satish Dhawan 4. Ahmedabad
D. lrh'k /ou varfj{k dsaæ 4- vgenkckn Space Centre
dwV % Code :
(a) A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1 (b) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2 (a) A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1 (b) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
(c) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 (d) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3 (c) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 (d) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

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 57- fuEufyf•r esa ls fdl fl¼kar ds fy, vkbaLVhu dks ukscsy 57. Which of the following theories was Einstein awarded
iqjLdkj iznku fd;k x;k\ the Nobel Prize for?
(a) lkis{krk dk fl¼kar (a) Theory of relativity
(b) Photoelectric effect
(b) çdk'k&fo|qr izHkko
(c) Theory of specific heat
(c) fof'k"V Å"ek dk fl¼kar
(d) Bose-Einstein statistics
(d) cksl&vkbaLVhu lkaf[;dh
58. With reference to radioactivity, consider the following
58- jsfM;ks/feZrk ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,% statements:
1- jsfM;ks/feZrk ,d ukfHkdh; xq.k gSA 1. Radioactivity is a nuclear property.
2- gkbMªkstu ce ukfHkdh; fo•aMu ds fl¼kar ij cuk;k tkrk 2. Hydrogen bomb works on the principle of nuclear
gSA fission.
mi;ZqDr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\ Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) Both 1 and 2 (b) Neither 1 nor 2
(a) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (b) u rks 1 u gh 2
(c) Only 1 (d) Only 2
(c) dsoy 1 (d) dsoy 2
59. With reference to plasma, consider the following
59- IykTek ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft, % statements:
1- ;g ÝyksjkslsaV VÔwc vkSj fu;kWu cYc esa mifLFkr gksrk gSA 1. It is present in fluorescent tubes and neon bulbs.
2- IykTek ds dkj.k gh lw;Z vkSj rkjksa esa ped gksrh gSA 2. The sun and stars shine due to plasma.
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj dk p;u dhft, % Select the correct answer using the code given below :
(a) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (b) u rks 1] uk gh 2 (a) Both 1 and 2 (b) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) dsoy 1 (d) dsoy 2 (c) Only 1 (d) Only 2

60. With reference to myopia, which of the following

60- ek;ksfi;k ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk dFku lgh ugha
statement is not correct?
gS\
(a) In this, the person is not able to see distant objects
(a) blesa O;fDr nwj j•h oLrqvksa dks lqLi"V ugha ns• ikrk gSA clearly.
(b) blesa nks"k;qDr O;fDr dk nwj&fcanq us=k ds lehi vk tkrk gSA (b) In this defect, the far point of the person with the
(c) bl nks"k ls ;qDr us=k esa fdlh nwj j•h oLrq dk çfrfcac defect comes closer to the eye.
jsfVuk ds lkeus curk gSA (c) In the eye with this defect, the image of a distant
object is formed in front of the retina.
(d) bl nks"k esa us=k xksyd NksVk gks tkrk gSA
(d) In this defect, the eyeball becomes smaller.
61- lkiQ vkSj es?kjfgr jkrksa dh rqyuk esa es?kkPNkfnr jkrsa visNkÑr
61. Cloudy nights are warmer than clear and cloudless nights
xeZ gksrh gSa] D;ksafd ckny &
because clouds -
(a) i`Foh ls NksMh xbZ Å"ek dks ijkofrZr djrs gSaA
(a) reflect the heat released from the earth.
(b) BaMh ok;q dks i`Foh dh lrg rd igq¡pus ls jksdrs gSaA (b) prevent cold air from reaching the earth.
(c) ok;qeaMy ls Å"ek dk vo'kks"k.k djrs gSa vkSj bls i`Foh dh (c) absorb heat from the atmosphere and send it towards
vksj Hkstrs gSaA the earth.
(d) mi;ZqDr esa ls dksbZ ughaA (d) None of the above.

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 62- vfHkdsaæh; cy ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft, % 62. With reference to centripetal force, consider the
1- bldh fn'kk lnSo o`Ùk ds dsaæ dh vksj gksrh gSA following statements:
1. Its direction is always towards the centre of the
2- nw/ ls eD•u fudkyus okyh e'khu vfHkdsaæh; cy ds
circle.
fl¼kar ij dk;Z djrh gSA
2. The machine which extracts butter from milk works
uhps fn, x, dwV ls lgh mÙkj dk p;u dhft, % on the principle of centripetal force.
dwV % Select the correct answer from the code given below :
(a) u rks 1 uk gh 2 (b) dsoy 1 Code:
(c) 1 ,oa 2 nksuksa (d) dsoy 2 (a) Neither 1 nor 2 (b) Only 1
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Only 2
63- fuEufyf•r esa ls fdl fodkj ds dkj.k euq"; dk dn NksVk
gksrk gS\ 63. Which of the following disorders causes short stature
(a) VuZj flaMªkse of a person?
(b) Mkmu flaMªkse (a) Turner syndrome
(c) DykbuiQsYVj flaMªkse (b) Down syndrome
(c) Klinefelter syndrom
(d) ,Dok;MZ bE;wuks MsfiQfl,alh flaMªkse
(d) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
64- fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk ,d lgh lqesfyr ugha gS\
64. Which one of the following is not correctly matched?
(jksx) (dkjd)
(Disease) (Cause)
(a) •ljk % :csyk ok;jl
(a) Measles : Rubella virus
(b) fpduikWDl % osfjlsyk&tksLVj ok;jl (b) Chickenpox : Varicella zoster virus
(c) iksfy;ks % ,aVjks&ok;jl (c) Polio : Enterovirus
(d) pspd % U;wjksVªksfid ok;jl (d) Smallpox : Neurotropic virus
65- fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft, % 65. Consider the following statements:
1- ekuo esa lcls T;knk laØked jksx jkbuksok;jl ls gksrk gSA 1. The most infectious disease in humans is caused by
2- jkbuksok;jl 'kjhj esa iQsiQM+s dks laØfer djrs gSaA rhinovirus.
mi;ZqDr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa \ 2. Rhinovirus infects the lungs in the body.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (b) u rks 1 u gh 2
(a) Both 1 and 2 (b) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) dsoy 1 (d) dsoy 2
(c) Only 1 (d) Only 2
66- fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk iq"i pØ ds vuqØe dh çkoLFkkvksa
66. Which one of the following is the correct order of phases
dk lgh Øe gS\
of floral cycle sequence?
(a) dksjksyk & tk;kax & iqeax & dsfYdl
(a) Corolla- Gynoecium- Androecium-Calycis
(b) dksjksyk & iqeax & tk;kax & dsfYdl (b) Corolla- Androecium- Gynoecium-Calycis
(c) dsfYdl & dksjksyk & iqeax & tk;kax (c) Calycis- Corolla- Androecium- Gynoecium
(d) dsfYdl & dksjksyk & tk;kax & iqeax (d) Calycis- Corolla- Gynoecium- Androecium

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 67- fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk dFku lgh ugha gS\ 67. Which of the following statements is not correct?
(a) yky jDr df.kdkvksa dh vkSlr vk;q 120 fnu gksrh gSA (a) The average lifespan of red blood cells is 120 days.
(b) Spleen is called the graveyard of red blood cells.
(b) Iyhgk dks yky jDr df.kdkvksa dk dfczLrku dgk tkrk gSA
(c) On an average, there are 6000-8000 red blood cells
(c) yky jDr df.kdkvksa esa vkSlru 6000&8000 çfr ?ku feeh- per cubic mm of blood.
jDr gksrk gSA (d) About 55 per cent of the blood is plasma.
(d) jDr dk yxHkx 55 çfr'kr Hkkx IykTek gksrk gSA
68. Which of the following regulates oxygen between blood
68- fuEufyf•r esa ls #f/j vkSj Årdksa ds eè; vkWfDltu dk and tissues?
fofu;eu fdlds }kjk gksrk gS\ (a) Plasma
(b) Internal respiration
(a) IykTek
(c) Anaerobic respiration
(b) vkrafjd 'olu
(d) External respiration
(c) vok;qoh; 'olu
69. Which of the following organs of human body is affected
(d) cká 'olu
by jaundice?
69- fuEufyf•r esa ls ekuo 'kjhj esa gksus okys ihfy;k ls dkSu&lk (a) Heart
vax çHkkfor gksrk gS\ (b) Liver
(a) ân;
(c) Small intestine
(d) Pancreas
(b) ;Ñr
(c) NksVh vk¡r 70. Which one of the following is the correct order of the
sequence of phases involved in the process of digestive
(d) vXU;k'k; system?
70- fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk ikpu ra=k dh çfØ;k esa 'kkfey vuqØe (a) Ingestion – Assimilation – Digestion – Absorption
– Excretion
dh çkoLFkkvksa dk lgh Øe gS\
(b) Ingestion – Digestion – Absorption – Assimilation
(a) varxzZg.k & Lokaxhdj.k & ikpu & vo'kks"k.k & foltZu – Excretion
(b) varxzZg.k & ikpu & vo'kks"k.k & Lokaxhdj.k & foltZu (c) Digestion – Assimilation – Excretion – Absorption
(c) ikpu & Lokaxhdj.k & foltZu & vo'kks"k.k & varxzZg.k – Ingestion
(d) Ingestion – Assimilation – Absorption – Digestion
(d) varxzZg.k & Lokaxhdj.k & vo'kks"k.k & ikpu & foltZu
– Excretion
71- fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft, % 71. Consider the following statements :
1- ikS/ksa dh cká lrg ,ihMfeZl dksf'kdk dh cuh gksrh gSA 1. The outer surface of plants is made up of epidermis
2- ,ihMeZy dksf'kdk ikS/ksa esa ty {k; ds fo#¼ vkSj ;kaf=kd cells.
vk?kkr ls j{kk djrh gSA 2. Epidermal cells protect plants from water loss and
mechanical shock.
mi;ZqDr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\
Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
(a) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (b) u rks 1 u gh 2 (a) Both 1 and 2 (b) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) dsoy 1 (d) dsoy 2 (c) Only 1 (d) Only 2

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 72- uhps nks dFku fn, x, gSa] ftuesa ls ,d dks vfHkdFku (A) rFkk 72. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as
nwljs dks dkj.k (R) dgk x;k gSA Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).
vf/dFku (A) % okbjl dh cká lajpuk izksVhu ls fufeZr gksrh Assertion (A) : The external structure of virus is made
gSaA up Protein.
dkj.k (R) % blds vuqokaf'kd inkFkZ esa vkj,u, rFkk Mh,u, Reason (R) : Its genetic material contains both RNA
nksuksa gksrs gSaA and DNA.
uhps fn, x, dwV esa ls lgh mÙkj pqfu, % Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
(a) (A) vkSj (R) nksuksa lgh gSa vkSj (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k (a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct
djrk gSA explanation of (A).
(b) (A) xyr gS] fdarq (R) lgh gSA (b) (A) is wrong, but (R) is correct.
(c) (A) vkSj (R) nksuksa lgh gSa] fdarq (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k (c) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the
ugha djrk gSA correct explanation of (A).
(d) (A) lgh gS] fdarq (R) xyr gSA (d) (A) is correct, but (R) is wrong.

73- ok"ihdj.k dh fØ;k fuEufyf•r esa ls fdu dkjdksa ij fuHkZj 73. The Process of evaporation depends on which of the
djrh gS\ following factors?
1- lrg dk {ks=kiQy 2- rkieku 1. Surface area 2. Temperature
3- vkæZrk 4- ok;q dh xfr 3. Humidity 4. Wind speed
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj dk p;u dhft,% Select the correct answer using the code given below :
dwV % Code :
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 (b) dsoy 1] 2 vkSj 3 (a) Only 1 and 2 (b) Only 1, 2 and 3
(c) dsoy 1] 3 vkSj 4 (d) 1] 2] 3 vkSj 4 (c) Only 1, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

74- uhps nks dFku fn, x, gSa] ftuesa ls ,d dks vfHkdFku (A) rFkk 74. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as
nwljs dks dkj.k (R) dgk x;k gSA Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).
vf/dFku (A) % 'osr jDr df.kdk,¡ ekuo 'kjhj ds fy, Assertion (A) : White blood cells are protective for the
çfrj{kkRed gksrh gSaA human body.
dkj.k (R) % ;g 'kjhj ds vanj ços'k djus okys cká thoksa dks Reason (R) : They kill foreign organisms entering the
u"V djrh gSaA body.
uhps fn, x, dwV esa ls lgh mÙkj pqfu, % Select the correct answer from the code given below :
(a) (A) vkSj (R) nksuksa lgh gSa vkSj (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
djrk gSA explanation of (A).
(b) (A) xyr gS] fdarq (R) lgh gSA (b) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
(c) (A) vkSj (R) nksuksa lgh gSa] fdarq (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k (c) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct
ugha djrk gSA explanation of (A).
(d) (A) lgh gS] fdarq (R) xyr gSA (d) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

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 75- fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft, % 75. Consider the following statements:
1- esa<d d'ks#dh la?k ds ,aiQhfc;k oxZ dk çk.kh gSA 1. Frog is an animal of Amphibia class of Vertebrate
2- esa<d vius 'kjhj ds rki dks okrkoj.k ds vuqlkj ifjofrZr phylum.
djrk jgrk gSA 2. Frog keeps on changing its body temperature
mi;ZqDr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa \ according to the environment.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa
(a) Both 1 and 2
(b) u rks 1 u gh 2
(b) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) dsoy 1
(c) Only 1
(d) dsoy 2
(d) Only 2
76- ,Dok jsft;k ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk ,d dFku
lgh ugha gS\ 76. With reference to aqua regia, which one of the following
statements is not correct?
(a) ;g lksfM;e dk vi:i gSA
(a) It is an allotrope of sodium.
(b) ;g æo voLFkk esa ik;k tkrk gSA
(b) It is found in liquid state.
(c) ;g ,d çcy la{kkjd gSA
(c) It is a strong corrosive.
(d) ;g IysfVue dks xyk ldrk gSA
(d) It can melt platinum.
77- uhps nks dFku fn, x, gSa] ftlesa ls ,d dks vfHkdFku (A) rFkk
77. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as
nwljs dks dkj.k (R) dgk x;k gSA
Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).
vfHkdFku (A) % lkekU; rki ij eSXuhf'k;e dh lrg ij
Assertion (A) : At normal temperature, an oxide layer
vkWDlkbM dh ijr p<+ tkrh gSA forms on the surface of magnesium.
dkj.k (R) % eSXuhf'k;e dks lqjf{kr j•us ds fy, dsjkslhu rsy Reason (R) : Magnesium is immersed in kerosene oil
esa Mqcks dj j•k tkrk gSA to protect it.
uhps fn, x, dwV ls lgh mÙkj pqfu,% Select the correct answer from the code given below:
dwV % Code :
(a) (A) rFkk (R) nksuksa lgh gSa vkSj (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
djrk gSA explanation of (A).
(b) (A) rFkk (R) nksuksa lgh gSa] fdarq (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct
ugha djrk gSA explanation of (A).
(c) (A) lgh gS] fdarq (R) xyr gSA (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) xyr gS] fdarq (R) lgh gSA (d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

78- fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk ,d æo voLFkk esa ik;k tkrk gS\ 78. Which one of the following is found in liquid state?
(a) lYiQj (b) vk;ksMhu (a) Sulphur (b) Iodine
(c) czksehu (d) iksVSf'k;e (c) Bromine (d) Potassium

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 79- fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\ 79. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
1- ftIle dks 373K rkieku ij xeZ djus ij IykLVj vkWiQ 1. Plaster of Paris is formed when gypsum is heated
isfjl curk gSA at 373K.

2- IykLVj vkWiQ isfjl esa ty feykus ij ftIle curk gSA 2. Gypsum is formed when water is added to plaster
of Paris.
dwV %
Code :
(a) 1 vkSj 2
(a) Both 1 and 2
(b) dsoy 1
(b) Only 1
(c) u rks 1 uk gh 2 (c) Neither 1 nor 2
(d) dsoy 2 (d) Only 2

80- lwph&I dks lwph&II ls lqesfyr dhft, rFkk uhps fn, x, dwV 80. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer
ls lgh mÙkj dk p;u dhft, % from the code given below :
lwph&I lwph&II List-I List-II
(çkÑfrd lzksr) (vEy) (Natural Source) (Acid)
A. VekVj 1- VkVZfjd A. Tomato 1. Tartaric
B. Tamarind 2. Oxalic
B. beyh 2- vkWD”ksfyd
C. Lemon 3. Citric
C. uhacw 3- flfVªd
D. Vinegar 4. Acetic
D. fljdk 4- ,slhfVd
Code :
dwV %
(a) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
(a) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
(b) A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
(b) A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
(c) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2 (c) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
(d) A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1 (d) A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1

81- pH eku ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,% 81. With reference to pH value, consider the following
statements:
1- ;g ,d la[;k gS] tks fdlh foy;u dh vEyh;rk vkSj
1. It is a number that indicates the acidity and basicity
{kkjdrk dks n'kkZrk gSA
of a solution.
2- fdlh foy;u esa gkbMªksfu;e vk;u dh lkaærk ftruh vf/d
2. The higher the concentration of hydronium ions in
gksxh mldk PH mruk gh vf/d gksxkA a solution, the higher will be its pH.
mi;ZqDr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\ Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 vkSj 2 (a) Both 1 and 2
(b) dsoy 1 (b) Only 1
(c) u rks 1 uk gh 2 (c) Neither 1 nor 2
(d) dsoy 2 (d) Only 2

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 82- fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&ls vEy&{kkjd lwpd gSa\ 82. Which of the following are acid-base indicators?
1- yky iÙkk xksHkh 2- gYnh 1. Red cabbage 2. Turmeric
3- gk;Mªsft;k 4- tsjkfu;e 3. Hydrangea 4. Geranium
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj nhft,% Select the correct answer using the code given below :
dwV % Code :
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 (b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3 (a) Only 1 and 2 (b) Only 2 and 3
(c) dsoy 2] 3 vkSj 4 (d) 1] 2] 3 vkSj 4 (c) Only 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

83- uhps nks dFku fn, x, gSa] ftlesa ls ,d dks vfHkdFku (A) rFkk 83. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as
nwljs dks dkj.k (R) dgk x;k gS% Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R):
vfHkdFku (A) % liQsnh djus ds dqN fnuksa ckn nhokjksa ij ped Assertion (A): Walls shine after a few days of
vkrh gSA whitewashing.
dkj.k (R) % cw>k gqvk pwuk ok;q esa mifLFkr CO2 ds lkFk Reason (R): Slaked lime reacts slowly with CO2 present
èkheh xfr ls vfHkfØ;k djrk gSA in the air.
uhps fn, x, dwV ls lgh mÙkj pqfu,% Select the correct answer from the code given below:
dwV % Code :
(a) (A) rFkk (R) nksuksa lgh gSa vkSj (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
djrk gSA explanation of (A).
(b) (A) rFkk (R) nksuksa lgh gSa] fdarq (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct
ugha djrk gSA explanation of (A).
(c) (A) lgh gS] fdarq (R) xyr gSA (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) xyr gS] fdarq (R) lgh gSA (d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

84- fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&ls inkFkZ esa ÅèoZikfrr gksus ds xq.k ik, 84. Which of the following substances has the Property of
tkrs gSa\ sublimation?
1- veksfu;e DyksjkbM 2- diwj 1. Ammonium chloride 2. Camphor
3- usÝFkkyhu 4- ,aFkzklhu 3. Naphthalene 4. Anthracene
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj dk p;u dhft,% Select the correct answer using the code given below :
dwV % Code :
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 (b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3 (a) Only 1 and 2 (b) Only 2 and 3
(c) dsoy 2] 3 vkSj 4 (d) 1] 2] 3 vkSj 4 (c) Only 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

85- fuEufyf•r esa ls ihry fdldk feJ.k gS\ 85. Brass is an alloy of which of the following?
(a) yksgk vkSj rk¡ck (b) fVu vkSj rk¡ck (a) Iron and copper (b) Tin and copper
(c) rk¡ck vkSj ftad (d) yksgk vkSj ftad (c) Copper and zinc (d) Iron and zinc

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 86- lsfoax Øhe ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,% 86. With reference to shaving cream, consider the following
1- tYnh lw•us ls cpkus ds fy, blesa fXyljky feyk;k tkrk statements:
gSA 1. Glycerol is added to it to prevent it from drying
quickly.
2- vPNs >kx cukus ds fy, blesa cksjsDl feyk;k tkrk gSA
2. Borax is added to it to make good foam.
mi;ZqDr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (b) dsoy 1
(a) Both 1 and 2 (b) Only 1
(c) u rks 1 uk gh 2 (d) dsoy 2
(c) Neither 1 nor 2 (d) Only 2
87- fuEufyf•r esa ls fdl foVkfeu dh deh ls ek¡lisf'k;k¡ detksj
87. Deficiency of which of the following vitamins causes
gksus yxrh gSa\
muscle weakness?
(a) Fkk;ehu
(a) Thiamine
(b) jkbcksÝysohu (b) Riboflavin
(c) foVkfeu D (c) Vitamin D
(d) foVkfeu E (d) Vitamin E
88- Xykbdkstsu ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk ,d dFku 88. With reference to glycogen, which one of the following
lgh ugha gS\ statements is not correct?
(a) ;g ukbVªkstu dk ,d ;kSfxd gSA (a) It is a nitrogenous compound.
(b) ;g euq"; ds ;Ñr esa ik;k tkrk gSA (b) It is found in human liver.
(c) ;g ;hLV vkSj dod esa ik;k tkrk gSA (c) It is found in yeast and fungi.
(d) mi;ZqDr esa ls dksbZ ughaA (d) None of the above.

89- uhps nks dFku fn, x, gSa] ftlesa ls ,d dks vfHkdFku (A) rFkk 89. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as
nwljs dks dkj.k (R) dgk x;k gS% Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R):

vfHkdFku (A) % dBksj ty lkcqu ds lkFk >kx mRiUu ugha Assertion (A) : Hard water does not produce foam with
soap.
djrk gSA
Reason (R) : Calcium chloride is dissolved in hard
dkj.k (R) % dBksj ty esa dSfYl;e ds DyksjkbM ?kqys jgrs gSaA
water.
uhps fn, x, dwV ls lgh mÙkj pqfu,%
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
dwV %
Code :
(a) (A) rFkk (R) nksuksa lgh gSa vkSj (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
djrk gSA explanation of (A).
(b) (A) rFkk (R) nksuksa lgh gSa] fdarq (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct
ugha djrk gSA explanation of (A).
(c) (A) lgh gS] fdarq (R) xyr gSA (c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(d) (A) xyr gS] fdarq (R) lgh gSA (d) (A) is false but (R) is true.

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 90- lwph&I dks lwph&II ls lqesfyr dhft, rFkk uhps fn, x, dwV 90. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer
ls lgh mÙkj dk p;u dhft,& from the code given below-
lwph&I lwph&II List-I List-II
(;kSfxd) (mi;ksx) (Compound) (Use)
A. Methylene Chloride 1. Paint Decolorant
A. esfFkyhu DyksjkbM 1- isaV
B. Trichloromethane 2. Fat Solvent
B. VªkbDyksjksesFksu 2- olk dk foyk;d
C. Tetrachloromethane 3. Refrigerant
C. VsVªkDyksjksesFksu 3- ç'khrd
D. Freon 4. Air Cooling
D. ÚsvkWu 4- ok;q 'khryu Code:
dwV % (a) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 (b) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
(a) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 (b) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3 (c) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2 (d) A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
(c) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2 (d) A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
91. Which initiative has been announced by the Uttar
91- mÙkj çns'k ljdkj }kjk o`{kkjksi.k tu vfHk;ku] 2024 ds rgr Pradesh government under the Tree Plantation Jan
fdl igy dh ?kks"k.kk dh gS\ Abhiyan, 2024?
(a) LoPN ty (b) fe=k ou (a) Clean Water (b) Mitra Van
(c) e`nk cpko (d) ou gh thou gS (c) Soil Conservation (d) Forest is Life

92- Hkkjr us fdl ns'k ls feydj okjk.klh esa LoPN ufn;ksa ij LekVZ 92. With which of the following countries was the Smart
ç;ksx'kkyk (SLCR) dk vukoj.k fd;k\ Laboratory on Clean Rivers (SLCR) unveiled in
Varanasi?
(a) Úk¡l (b) uhnjySaM
(a) France (b) Netherland
(c) MsuekdZ (d) fiQuySaM
(c) Denmark (d) Finland
93- gky gh esa fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&ls ns'k us viuk igyk O;kid 93. Which of the following countries recently passed its first
tyok;q ifjorZu dkuwu ikfjr fd;k\ comprehensive climate change law?
(a) nf{k.k vÚhdk (b) czkthy (a) South Africa (b) Brazil
(c) U;wthySaM (d) vkWLVªsfy;k (c) New Zealand (d) Australia

94- vxLr 2024 esa fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&ls jkT;@jkT;ksa esa u, eksj 94. In which of the following state/states, establishment
vHk;kj.;ksa dh LFkkiuk dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZ\ of new peacock sanctuaries was announced in August
2024?
1- dsjy 2- rfeyukMq
1. Kerala 2. Tamil Nadu
3- dukZVd 4- if'pe caxky
3. Karnataka 4. West Bengal
uhps fn, x, dwV esa ls lgh mÙkj pqfu, % Select the correct answer from the code given below :
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 4 (a) Only 1 and 4
(b) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 (b) Only 1 and 3
(c) dsoy 2 vkSj 4 (c) Only 2 and 4
(d) dsoy 1] 2 vkSj 3 (d) Only 1, 2 and 3

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 95- vxLr 2024 esa fuEufyf•r esa ls fdlus viuh vksjy gStk 95. Who among the following launched its oral cholera
oSDlhu (OCV)] fgydkWy dks ykWUp fd;k\ vaccine (OCV), Hilcol, in August 2024?
(a) lhje baLVhVÔwV vkWiQ bafM;k çkbosV fyfeVsM (a) Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd
(b) dSfMyk gsYFkds;j fyfeVsM (b) Cadila Healthcare Ltd
(c) Bharat Biotech International Ltd
(c) Hkkjr ck;ksVsd baVjus'kuy fyfeVsM
(d) Green Signal Biopharma Ltd
(d) xzhu flXuy ck;ksiQkekZ fyfeVsM
96. Which country did the Space Exploration and Research
96- varfj{k vUos"k.k ,oa vuqla/ku ,tsalh (SERA) us Cyw vksfjftu Agency (SERA) declare as the partner country for Blue
ds ekuo varfj{k mM+ku dk;ZØe ds fy, fdls lk>snkj ns'k ?kksf"kr Origin's human space flight program?
fd;k\ (a) India (b) Saudi Arabia
(a) Hkkjr (b) lÅnh vjc (c) Russia (d) Japan
(c) :l (d) tkiku
97. Who has been declared the host of Winter Olympics,
97- 'khrdkyhu vksyafid] 2030 ,oa iSjkyafid] 2030 dk estcku 2030 and Paralympics, 2030?
fdls ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k gS\ (a) USA (b) France
(a) la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk (b) Úk¡l (c) Russia (d) China
(c) :l (d) phu 98. Recently, the state's first integrated green urban road
was announced to be built in which of the following
98- gky gh esa jkT; dh igyh ,dhÑr gfjr 'kgjh lM+d fuEufyf•r
districts?
esa ls dkSu&ls tuin esa cuk, tkus dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZ\
(a) Shamli (b) Muzaffarnagar
(a) 'kkeyh (b) eqtÝiQjuxj
(c) Meerut (d) Moradabad
(c) esjB (d) eqjknkckn
99. Which state has become the first state in the country to
99- tksf•e gLrkarj.k iSjkehfVªd chek lek/ku (DRTPS) ykxw djus implement Risk Transfer Parametric Insurance Solution
okyk ns'k dk igyk jkT; dkSu cuk gS\ (DRTPS)?
(a) mÙkj çns'k (b) gfj;k.kk (a) Uttar Pradesh (b) Haryana
(c) fe”kksje (d) uxkySaM (c) Mizoram (d) Nagaland

100- vxLr 2024 esa fuEufyf•r esa ls fdls ^mÙkj çns'k fiNM+k oxZ 100. Who among the following was appointed as the chairman
vk;ksx* dk vè;{k fdls fu;qDr fd;k x;k\ of 'Uttar Pradesh Backward Classes Commission' in
August 2024?
(a) lquhy pkS/jh (b) fodkl 'kqDyk
(a) Sunil Chaudhary (b) Vikas Shukla
(c) fctsaæ flag (d) jkts'k oekZ
(c) Bijendra Singh (d) Rajesh Verma
101- ,sukWfDl;k ls ihfM+r fdlh O;fDr esa fuEufyf[kr ls dkSu&ls y{k.k
101. Which of the following symptoms is seen in a person
fn•kbZ nsrs gSa\ suffering from anoxia?
(a) lquus dh {kerk esa deh (a) Decreased hearing ability
(b) lwa?kus dh {kerk esa deh (b) Decreased sense of smell
(c) gdykus dh rhozrk esa o`f¼ (c) Increase in intensity of stuttering
(d) lkspus dh {kerk esa deh (d) Decreased thinking ability

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 102- fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lh ?kVuk,¡ ijklj.k dk mnkgj.k gSa\ 102. Which of the following phenomena are examples of
1- eqj>k;s iQwy dks ty esa j•us ij iqu% mldk rk”kk gksuk osmosis?
2- e`nk ds ty dk ikS/ksa dh tM+ksa esa igq¡puk 1. Revive of a wilted flower when placed in water
3- yo.k feykdj ekal dk laj{k.k 2. Transport of water from soil to the roots of a plant
4- feJh esa j•s x, iQy dk ladqfpr gksuk 3. Preservation of meat by adding salts
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu, % 4. Shrinkage of a fruit placed in sugar
dwV % Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 (b) dsoy 1] 2 vkSj 3 Code:
(c) dsoy 3 vkSj 4 (d) 1] 2] 3 vkSj 4 (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1, 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
103- fuyafcr d.kdh; inkFkZ ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk
,d dFku lgh ugha gS\ 103. With reference to suspended particulate matter, which
(a) ;g ,d fo"kekaxh feJ.k gSA one of the following statements is not correct?
(b) blesa foys; inkFkZ ds d.k ?kqys jgrs gSaA (a) It is a heterogeneous mixture.
(c) bUgsa uXu vk¡•ksa ls ns•k tk ldrk gSA (b) Particles of solute are dissolved in it.
(d) ;s çdk'k dh fdj.k dks iQSyk nsrs gSaA (c) They can be seen with the naked eye.
(d) They scatter the beam of light.
104- uhps nks dFku fn, x, gSa] ftlesa ls ,d dks vfHkdFku (A) rFkk
nwljs dks dkj.k (R) dgk x;k gS % 104. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as
vfHkdFku (A) % xfeZ;ksa esa ilhuk lw•us ij gesa 'khryrk eglwl Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R):
gksrh gSA Assertion (A): In summers, we feel cold when our sweat
dkj.k (R) % ilhus ds ok"ihdj.k dh xqIr Å"ek ds cjkcj dries up.
Å"eh; ÅtkZ gekjs 'kjhj }kjk vo'kksf"kr dj yh tkrh gSA Reason (R): Thermal energy equal to the latent heat of
uhps fn, x, dwV esa ls lgh mÙkj pqfu, % evaporation of sweat is absorbed by our body.
dwV % Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
(a) (A) rFkk (R) nksuksa lgh gSa vkSj (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k Code:
djrk gSA (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
(b) (A) rFkk (R) nksuksa lgh gSa] fdarq (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k explanation of (A).
ugha djrk gSA (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct
(c) (A) lgh gS] fdarq (R) xyr gSA explanation of (A).
(d) (A) xyr gS] fdarq (R) lgh gSA (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.
105- loZçFke iQhukWy dk fojpu fuEufyf•r esa ls fdlls fd;k x;k\
105. Phenol was first prepared from which of the following?
(a) dksyrkj
(a) Coal tar
(b) csa”khu lYiQksfud vEy (b) Benzene sulphonic acid
(c) Mkb”kksfu;e (c) Diazonium
(d) D;wehu (d) Cumene

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 106- xzsiQkbV ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk ,d dFku lgh 106. With reference to graphite, which one of the following
ugha gS\ statements is not correct?
(a) ;g fo|qr dk dqpkyd gksrk gSA (a) It is a bad conductor of electricity.
(b) ;g vikjn'khZ gksrk gSA (b) It is opaque.

(c) ;g dkx”k ij jxM+us ij jax NksM+rk gSA

(c) It leaves colour when rubbed on paper.
(d) Its crystals have hexagonal structure.
(d) blds joksa dh lajpuk "kVdks.kh; gksrh gSA
107. Which one of the following is not correctly matched?
107- fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk ,d lgh lqesfyr ugha gS\
(a) Electric cell - Conversion of chemical energy
(a) fo|qr lsy & jklk;fud ÅtkZ dk fo|qr ÅtkZ
into electrical energy
esa :ikarj.k
(b) Dynamo - Conversion of light energy into
(b) Mk;useks & çdk'k ÅtkZ dk fo|qr ÅtkZ electrical energy
esa :ikarj.k (c) Microphone - Conversion of sound energy
(c) ekbØksiQksu & èofu ÅtkZ dk fo|qr ÅtkZ into electrical energy
esa :ikarj.k (d) Sitar - Conversion of mechanical
(d) flrkj & ;kaf=kd ÅtkZ dk èofu ÅtkZ energy into sound energy
esa :ikarj.k
108. National Physics Laboratory is located in -
108- jk"Vªh; HkkSfrdh ç;ksx'kkyk fLFkr gS & (a) Chennai
(a) psUubZ esa (b) Kolkata
(b) dksydkrk esa (c) New Delhi
(c) ubZ fnYyh esa (d) Bengaluru
(d) csaxyq# esa 109. With increase in temperature, the viscosity of a liquid -
109- rki c<+us ds lkFk æo dh ';kurk & (a) decreases.

(a) ?kVrh gSA

(b) increases.
(c) remains refracted.
(b) c<+rh gSA
(d) may increase or decrease depending upon the nature
(c) viofrZr jgrh gSA
of the liquid.
(d) æo dh çÑfr ds vuqlkj c<+ ;k ?kV ldrh gSA
110. With reference to buoyancy force, consider the following
110- mRIykod cy ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft, % statements:
1- ;g cy fdlh oLrq ds rSjus esa enn djrk gSA 1. This force helps an object to float.
2- bldk vè;;u loZçFke vkfdZfeMht us fd;k FkkA 2. It was first studied by Archimedes.
mi;ZqDr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\ Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (b) u rks 1 u gh 2 (a) Both 1 and 2 (b) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) dsoy 1 (d) dsoy 2 (c) Only 1 (d) Only 2

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 111- uhps nks dFku fn, x, gSa] ftuesa ,d dks vfHkdFku (A) vkSj 111. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as
nwljs dks dkj.k (R) dgk x;k gSA Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).
vfHkdFku (A) % unh ds ty dh vis{kk leqæh ty esa rSjuk Assertion (A): It is easier to swim in sea water than in
vklku gksrk gSA river water.
dkj.k (R) % unh ds ty dk ?kuRo leqæ ds ty ds ?kuRo ls Reason (R): The density of river water is less than that
de gksrk gSA of sea water.
uhps fn, x, dwV dk iz;ksx dj lgh mÙkj dk p;u dhft, % Select the correct answer using the code given below:
dwV % Code:
(a) (A) vkSj (R) nksuksa lR; gSa vkSj (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
djrk gSA explanation of (A).
(b) (A) vlR; gS] fdarq (R) lR; gSA (b) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
(c) (A) lR; gS] fdarq (R) vlR; gSA (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) vkSj (R) nksuksa lR; gSa] fdarq (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k (d) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct
ugha djrk gSA explanation of (A).

112- dksckYV&60 dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS & 112. Cobalt-60 is used in -

1- dSalj mipkj esa 1. Cancer treatment
2- vkS|ksfxd jsfM;ksxzkiQh esa 2. Industrial radiography
3- fpfdRlk laca/h midj.kksa dh LoPNrk esa 3. Sanitation of medical equipment
uhps fn, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu, % Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 (a) 1 and 2 only
(b) dsoy 2 (b) 2 only
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 (c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3

113- ystj ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft, % 113. With reference to laser, consider the following statements:
1- ystj rjaxksa dh vko`fÙk leku gksrh gSA 1. Laser waves have the same frequency.
2- budk mi;ksx 3D fp=k •hapus ,oa mM+ku iFk ds fu/kZj.k esa 2. They are used in drawing 3D images and determining
fd;k tkrk gSA flight paths.
mi;ZqDr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\ Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (a) Both 1 and 2
(b) u rks 1 u gh 2 (b) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) dsoy 1 (c) Only 1
(d) dsoy 2 (d) Only 2

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 114- uhps nks dFku fn, x, gSa] ftlesa ls ,d dks vfHkdFku (A) rFkk 114. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as
nwljs dks dkj.k (R) dgk x;k gS % Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R):

vfHkdFku (A) % vaxhBh esa tyus okyk dks;yk dHkh&dHkh fcuk Assertion (A): Coal burning in a brazier sometimes
Tokyk ds Å"ek nsrk gSA gives heat without flame.

dkj.k (R) % dsoy xSlh; inkFkks± ds tyus ij gh Tokyk mRiUu Reason (R): Flame is produced only when gaseous
gksrh gSA substances are burnt.
uhps fn, x, dwV esa ls lgh mÙkj pqfu, % Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
dwV % Code:
(a) (A) rFkk (R) nksuksa lgh gSa vkSj (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
djrk gSA explanation of (A).
(b) (A) rFkk (R) nksuksa lgh gSa] fdarq (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct
ugha djrk gSA explanation of (A).
(c) (A) lgh gS] fdarq (R) xyr gSA (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) xyr gS] fdarq (R) lgh gSA (d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

115- fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\ 115. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
1- dHkh Hkh 'kq¼ yksgs dk ç;ksx ugha fd;k tkrk gSA 1. Pure iron is never used.
2- yksgs ds lkFk fudsy vkSj Øksfe;e feykus ij LVsuysl LVhy 2. Stainless steel is obtained by mixing nickel and
çkIr gksrk gSA chromium with iron.
uhps fn, x, dwV esa ls lgh mÙkj pqfu, % Select the correct answer from the codes given below :
dwV % Code:
(a) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (a) Both 1 and 2
(b) dsoy 1 (b) Only 1
(c) u rks 1] u gh 2 (c) Neither 1 nor 2
(d) dsoy 2 (d) Only 2

116- fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk vuqokaf'kd fodkj ugha gS\ 116. Which of the following is not a genetic disorder?
(a) gheksiQhfy;k (a) Haemophilia
(b) FkSyslhfe;k (b) Thalassemia
(c) iQkbysfj;k (c) Filariasis
(d) o.kk±/rk (d) Colour blindness

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 117- fuEufyf•r dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk ^VkbiQkWbM Toj* ds ckjs esa lgh 117. Which of the following statements is not correct about
ugha gS\ "Typhoid fever"?
(a) ;g lkYeksusyk VkbiQh uked ,d jksxtud thok.kq ds }kjk (a) It is caused by a pathogenic bacterium called
gksrk gSA Salmonella typhi.
(b) ;g jksxtud thok.kq vkerkSj ls çnwf"kr ok;q ds }kjk 'kjhj (b) This pathogenic bacterium usually enters the body
through polluted air.
esa ços'k djrk gSA
(c) The person affected by this disease shows symptoms
(c) bl jksx ls çHkkfor O;fDr esa de”kksjh] vkek'k; esa ihM+k]
like weakness, stomach pain, constipation,
dCt] fljnnZ vkSj Hkw• u yxuk tSls y{k.k ik, tkrs gSaA
headache and loss of appetite.
(d) bl Toj dh iqf"V foMky ijh{k.k ls dh tkrh gSA
(d) This fever is confirmed by Widal test.
118- fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft, % 118. Consider the following statements:
1- mPp jDr nkc O;fDr dh og fLFkfr gS] ftlesa jDr pki 1. High blood pressure is a condition in which the
lkekU; 120@80 ls vf/d gksrk gSA blood pressure is more than the normal 120/80.
2- ;fn fdlh dk jDr nkc ckj&ckj ekius ij Hkh 100@60 ;k 2. If someone's blood pressure is 100/60 or less even
blls de gksrk gS rks og vfr ruko dh fLFkfr dgykrh gSA after repeated measurements, then it is called a
mi;ZqDr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\ condition of hypertension.
(a) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (b) u rks 1] u gh 2 Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(c) dsoy 1 (d) dsoy 2 (a) Both 1 and 2 (b) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) Only 1 (d) Only 2
119- fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk jDr lewg loZnkrk lewg gS\
119. Which of the following blood groups is a universal donor
(a) A (b) B
group?
(c) AB (d) O
(a) A (b) B
120- uhps nks dFku fn, x, gSa] ftuesa ls ,d dks vfHkdFku (A) rFkk (c) AB (d) O
nwljs dks dkj.k (R) dgk x;k gSA
120. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as
vf/dFku (A) % o;Ld euq";ksa esa yky #f/j df.kdkvksa dk Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).
fuekZ.k vfLFk eTtk esa gksrk gSA Assertion (A): In humans, red blood cells are formed
dkj.k (R) % vf/dka'k euq";ksa dh yky #f/j df.kdkvksa esa in the bone marrow.
dsaæd ugha gksrs gSaA Reason (R): Human red blood cells do not have nuclei.
uhps fn, x, dwV esa ls lgh mÙkj pqfu, % Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
(a) (A) vkSj (R) nksuksa lgh gSa vkSj (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
djrk gSA explanation of (A).
(b) (A) xyr gS] fdarq (R) lgh gSA (b) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
(c) (A) vkSj (R) nksuksa lgh gSa] fdarq (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k (c) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct
ugha djrk gSA explanation of (A).
(d) (A) lgh gS] fdarq (R) xyr gSA (d) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

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 121- uhps nks dFku fn, x, gSa] ftuesa ls ,d dks vfHkdFku (A) rFkk 121. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as
nwljs dks dkj.k (R) dgk x;k gSA Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).
vf/dFku (A) % vf/dka'kr% ,d o"kZ ls de vk;q ds f'k'kqvksa Assertion (A): Mostly Marasmus and Kwashiorkar
esa ejkLel vkSj Dokf'kvksjdj fodkj ik;k tkrk gSA disorders are found in infants below one year of age.
dkj.k (R) % f'k'kq dks ek¡ ds nw/ ds LFkku ij vf/d çksVhu Reason (R): Infants are given high protein and high
vkSj vR;f/d dSyksjh okys vkgkj fn, tkrs gSaA calorie food instead of mother's milk.
uhps fn, x, dwV esa ls lgh mÙkj pqfu, % Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
(a) (A) vkSj (R) nksuksa lgh gSa vkSj (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
djrk gSA explanation of (A).
(b) (A) xyr gS] fdarq (R) lgh gSA (b) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
(c) (A) vkSj (R) nksuksa lgh gSa] fdarq (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k (c) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the
ugha djrk gSA correct explanation of (A).
(d) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) lgh gS] fdarq (R) xyr gSA
122- uhps nks dFku fn, x, gSa] ftuesa ls ,d dks vfHkdFku (A) rFkk 122. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as
nwljs dks dkj.k (R) dgk x;k gSA Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).
vf/dFku (A) % ykbdsu ok;q çnw"k.k ds cgqr vPNs ladsrd Assertion (A): Lichens are very good indicators of air
gksrs gSaA pollution.
dkj.k (R) % ;g çnwf"kr {ks=kksa esa vR;f/d ek=kk esa ik, tkrs gSaA Reason (R): They are found in large quantities in
polluted areas.
uhps fn, x, dwV esa ls lgh mÙkj pqfu, %
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
(a) (A) vkSj (R) nksuksa lgh gSa vkSj (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k
djrk gSA (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
explanation of (A).
(b) (A) xyr gS] fdarq (R) lgh gSA
(b) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
(c) (A) vkSj (R) nksuksa lgh gSa] fdarq (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k
(c) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct
ugha djrk gSA
explanation of (A).
(d) (A) lgh gS] fdarq (R) xyr gSA
(d) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
123- egklkxj esa Mwch gqbZ oLrqvksa dh fLFkfr tkuus ds fy, fuEufyf•r
123. Which of the following instruments is used to know the
esa ls fdldk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gS\ position of objects submerged in the ocean?
(a) Mk;useksehVj (b) gkbxzksehVj
(a) Dynamometer (b) Hygrometer
(c) VSdksehVj (d) lksukj rduhd (c) Tachometer (d) Sonar Technique
124- tc ikuh esa ued feyk;k tkrk gS] rks fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk 124. Which of the following changes takes place when salt
ifjorZu gksrk gS\ is added to water?
(a) DoFkukad c<+rk gS vkSj teko fcanq ?kVrk gSA (a) Boiling point increases and freezing point decreases.
(b) DoFkukad ?kVrk gS vkSj teko fcanq c<+rk gSA (b) Boiling point decreases and freezing point increases.
(c) DoFkukad vkSj tekc fcanq nksuksa ?kVrs gSaA (c) Both boiling point and freezing point decrease.
(d) DoFkukad vkSj tekc fcanq nksuksa c<+rs gSaA (d) Both boiling point and freezing point increase.

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 125- fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft, % 125. Consider the following statements:
1- lery niZ.k ls çkIr çfrfcac lnSo vkHkklh o lh/k gksrk 1. The image obtained from a plane mirror is always
gSA virtual and erect.
2- mÙky niZ.k dk n`f"V {ks=k cgqr vf/d gksrk gSA 2. The field of view of a convex mirror is very large.
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj dk p;u dhft, % Select the correct answer using the code given below :

(a) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (a) Both 1 and 2

(b) u rks 1] u gh 2 (b) Neither 1 nor 2

(c) dsoy 1 (c) Only 1

(d) Only 2
(d) dsoy 2

126- uhps nks dFku fn, x, gSa] ftuesa ls ,d dks vfHkdFku (A) rFkk 126. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).
nwljs dks dkj.k (R) dgk x;k gSA
Assertion (A): Leaves of trees and plants appear green
vfHkdFku (A) % isM+ ikS/ksa dh ifÙk;ksa dk jax gjk fn•kbZ nsrk gSA
in colour.
dkj.k (R) % ifÙk;k¡ gjs jax dks vo'kksf"kr dj ysrh gSaA
Reason (R): Leaves absorb green colour.
uhps fn, x, dwV esa ls lgh mÙkj pqfu, %
Choose the correct answer from the code given below:
(a) (A) vkSj (R) nksuksa lgh gSa vkSj (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
djrk gSA
explanation of (A).
(b) (A) xyr gS] fdarq (R) lgh gSA (b) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
(c) (A) vkSj (R) nksuksa lgh gSa] fdarq (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k (c) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct
ugha djrk gSA explanation of (A).
(d) (A) lgh gS] fdarq (R) xyr gSA (d) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
127- rkieku ds fuEufyf•r esa ls fdl iSekus esa ½.kkRed eku ugha 127. Which of the following temperature scales does not have
gksrk gS\ a negative value?
(a) fj;wej (b) dsfYou (a) Reaumur (b) Kelvin
(c) lsfYl;l (d) iQkWjsugkbV (c) Celsius (d) Fahrenheit

128- tSo fodkl ds lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&ls dkj.k ls 128. Which of the following reasons has caused the increase
ftjkiQ dh xnZu dh yackbZ esa o`f¼ gqbZ gS\ in the length of the giraffe's neck?
(a) çkÑfrd p;u ls (a) Natural selection
(b) mikftZr y{k.kksa dh oa'kkxfr ls (b) Inheritance of acquired characteristics
(c) fcyksa esa jgus ds çfr vuqdwyu ls (c) Adaptation to living in burrows
(d) vaxksa dk mi;ksx rFkk vuqi;ksx fd, tkus ls (d) Use and disuse of organs

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 129- lwph&I dks lwph&II ls lqesfyr dhft, vkSj lwfp;ksa ds uhps fn, 129. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer
x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu, % using the codes given below the lists:
lwph&I lwph&II List-I List-II
(foVkfeu) (y{k.k) (Vitamins) (Symptoms)
A- foVkfeu A 1- dke djus dh ÅtkZ esa deh A. Vitamin A 1. Decreased energy to work
B- foVkfeu B 2- de”kksj n`f"V B. Vitamin B 2. Weak eyesight
C- foVkfeu C 3- ew=k ;k ey esa •wu fn•kbZ nsuk C. Vitamin C 3. Blood seen in urine or stools
D- foVkfeu K 4- ?kko Hkjus esa vf/d le; dk yxuk D. Vitamin K 4. Wounds take longer to heal
dwV % Code:
A B C D A B C D
(a) 1 2 4 3 (a) 1 2 4 3
(b) 3 1 4 2 (b) 3 1 4 2
(c) 2 4 3 1 (c) 2 4 3 1
(d) 2 1 4 3 (d) 2 1 4 3

130- fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk gekjs Hkkstu ds iks"kd rRoksa dk vuqØe 130. Which one of the following is the correct order of the
dh çkoLFkkvksa dk lgh Øe gS\ phases of the sequence of nutrients in our food?
(a) çksVhu & olk & foVkfeu & dkckZsgkbMªsV (a) Protein - Fat - Vitamin - Carbohydrate
(b) foVkfeu & çksVhu & olk & dkckZsgkbMªsV (b) Vitamin - Protein - Fat - Carbohydrate
(c) dkckZsgkbMªsV & çksVhu & olk & foVkfeu (c) Carbohydrate - Protein - Fat - Vitamin
(d) dkckZsgkbMªsV & foVkfeu & çksVhu & olk (d) Carbohydrate - Vitamin - Protein - Fat

131- ^çkstsDV ueu* dh 'kq#vkr fdlds }kjk dh xbZ\ 131. ‘Project Naman’ was started by whom?
(a) Hkkjrh; Fky lsuk (b) Hkkjrh; ok;q lsuk (a) Indian Army (b) Indian Air Force
(c) Hkkjrh; ukSlsuk (d) buesa ls dksbZ ugha (c) Indian Navy (d) None of these

132- vxLr 2024 esa la;qDr jk"Vª deku esa 'kkfey gksus okyk 18ok¡ 132. Who has become the 18th country to join the United
ns'k dkSu cuk gS\ Nations Command in August 2024?
(a) fiQfyihal (b) teZuh (a) Philippines (b) Germany
(c) rqfdZ, (d) vts±Vhuk (c) Turkey (d) Argentina

133- gky gh esa ,vkbZ pSVcksV ^lsok* fuEufyf•r esa ls fdlds }kjk 133. Recently AI chatbot ‘SEVA’ was launched by which of
'kq: dh xbZ\ the following?
(a) Hkkjrh; çfrHkwfr vkSj fofue; cksMZ (lsch) (a) Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
(b) Hkkjrh; fj”koZ cSad (b) Reserve Bank of India
(c) çorZu funs'kky; (c) Enforcement Directorate
(d) buesa ls dksbZ ugha (d) None of these

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 134- ^oYMZ okbM osc fnol* çfro"kZ dc euk;k tkrk gS\ 134. When is ‘World Wide Web Day’ celebrated every year?
(a) 15 tqykbZ (b) 1 vxLr (a) 15 July (b) 1 August
(c) 12 August (d) 27 August
(c) 12 vxLr (d) 27 vxLr
135. Who among the following is the author of the recently
135- gky gh esa çdkf'kr ,f'k;kbZ 'ksjksa vkSj laj{k.k ç;klksa ij iqLrd published book ‘Call of the Gir’ on Asiatic lions and
^dkWy vkWiQ n fxj* ds ys•d fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu gSa\ conservation efforts?
(a) uanu dkeFk (b) ,l- gqlSu ”kSnh (a) Nandan Kamath (b) S. Hussain Zaidi
(c) osadh jkeÑ".ku (d) ifjey ukFkokuh (c) Venki Ramakrishnan (d) Parimal Nathwani

136- gky gh esa jk"Vªifr ækSinh eqeZw fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&ls ns'k@ 136. Recently President Draupadi Murmu has become the
first Indian President to visit which of the following
ns'kksa dh ;k=kk djus okyh igyh Hkkjrh; jk"Vªifr cuh gSa\
country/countries?
1- ikiqvk U;w fxuh 2- fiQth 1. Papua New Guinea
3- freksj ysLrs 2. Fiji
uhps fn, x, dwV esa ls lgh mÙkj pqfu, % 3. Timor Leste
(a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2 Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 (d) dsoy 2 vkSj 3 (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 2 and 3 only
137- gky gh esa ç/kuea=kh ujsaæ eksnh }kjk ykWUp dh xbZ ^dYik lqo.kkZ*
137. 'Kalpa Suvarna' variety, recently launched by Prime
fdLe dk laca/ fuEufyf•r esa ls fdlds gS\
Minister Narendra Modi, is related to which of the
(a) xsgw¡ (b) pkoy following?
(c) ukfj;y (d) dikl (a) Wheat (b) Rice
(c) Coconut (d) Cotton
138- isfjl vksyafid] 2024 dh ind rkfydk esa Hkkjr fuEufyf•r esa
ls dkSu&ls LFkku ij jgk\ 138. India ranked which of the following in the medal tally
of Paris Olympics, 2024?
(a) 62osa (b) 68osa
(a) 62nd (b) 68th
(c) 71osa (d) 73osa
(c) 71st (d) 73rd
139- gky gh esa dsaæh; x`g ea=kh us fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&ls dsaæ 139. Recently the Union Home Minister announced the
'kkflr çns'k esa ik¡p u, f”kys cukus dh ?kks"k.kk dh\ creation of five new districts in which of the following
(a) fnYyh (b) yík• Union Territories?
(c) vaMeku&fudksckj (d) p.‍Mhx<+
(a) Delhi (b) Ladakh
(c) Andaman-Nicobar (d) Chandigarh
140- gky gh esa ppkZ esa jgh ^vksjaxqVku dwVuhfr* dk laca/ fuEufyf•r
140. The 'Orangutan Diplomacy', which was in the news
esa ls dkSu&ls ns'k ls gS\ recently, is related to which of the following countries?
(a) eysf'k;k (b) fo;ruke (a) Malaysia (b) Vietnam
(c) baMksusf'k;k (d) Jhyadk (c) Indonesia (d) Sri Lanka

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 141- ^vkt eSaus vf/d dsys •k fy, gSa* okD; esa dkSu&lk fo'ks"k.k 147- fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk 'kCn fo'ks"k.k gS\
gS\ (a) 'kghn (b) 'kku
(a) ifjek.kokpd fØ;k&fo'ks"k.k (c) f'ko (d) f'k{kk
(b) xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k
148- ^lrh'k papy ckyd gS* bl okD; esa ^papy* 'kCn gS &
(c) ladsrokpd fo'ks"k.k
(a) fo/s; fo'ks"k.k
(d) Øeokpd fo'ks"k.k
(b) xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k
142- fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk lgh lqesfyr ugha gS\ (c) lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k
(okD;) (fo'ks"k.k) (d) çfo'ks"k.k
(a) esjs cLrs esa ik¡p isaflysa gSaA % la[;kokpd
149- fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk fuf'pr la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k dk
(b) ek¡ us pkj fdyks phuh eaxkbZA % ifjek.kokpd
mnkgj.k ugha gS\
(c) dqN iqLrdsa cLrs esa j•h gSaA % ifjek.kokpd
(a) dqrZs ds fy, nks ehVj diM+k pkfg,A
(d) dqN fdyks nky pkfg,A % ifjek.kokpd
(b) ,d fdyks vke ls T;knk er ykukA
143- ^;ksX; O;fDr gh igpkuk tkrk gSA* okD; esa ^;ksX;* D;k gS\ (c) pk; esa ipkl xzke phuh MkyukA
(a) xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k (d) bl ckj ckfj'k esa cgqr vksys iM+sA
(b) ladsrokpd fo'ks"k.k
150- ^jkr dks vpkud o"kkZ gksus yxh* esa fØ;k&fo'ks"k.k dk dkSu&lk
(c) lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k Hksn gS\
(d) fo/s; fo'ks"k.k (a) LFkkuokpd fØ;k&fo'ks"k.k

144- ^ekufld* fo'ks"k.k fdl ewy 'kCn ls cuk gS\ (b) dkyokpd fØ;k&fo'ks"k.k
(a) eku (c) jhfrokpd fØ;k&fo'ks"k.k
(b) ekul (d) ifjek.kokpd fØ;k&fo'ks"k.k
(c) eul 151- ^fo'ks";* og 'kCn gksrk gS &
(d) eful (a) ftl 'kCn dh fo'ks"krk crk;h tkrh gSA

145- fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk 'kCn fo'ks"; gS\ (b) ftl 'kCn ds }kjk fo'ks"krk crk;h tkrh gSA

(a) iqjkru (c) ftl gsrq fo'ks"krk crk;h tkrh gSA

(b) isVw (d) mi;ZqDr esa ls dksbZ ughaA

(c) çseh 152- fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&ls okD; esa fo'ks"k.k dk ç;ksx ugha gqvk gS\
(d) ikpu (a) og fo|kFkhZ gSA

146- fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk 'kCn fo'ks"; gS\ (b) og yM+dk fo|kFkhZ gSA

(a) çkÑfrd (b) is; (c) og çcq¼ fo|kFkhZ gSA

(c) firk (d) iBuh; (d) og ifjJeh Hkh gSA

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 153- ^HkDr dh d#.k iqdkj lqu dj HkDr&oRly Hkxoku~ n;kæZ gks mBs* & 160- fuEufyf•r esa ls fo'ks"; ,oa fo'ks"k.k dh n`f"V ls ,d ;qXe
okD; esa ç;qDr fo'ks";ksa dh n`f"V ls dkSu&lk ;qXe 'kq¼ gS\ xyr gS &
(a) HkDr rFkk Hkxoku~ (a) laLÑfr & lkaLÑfrd
(b) d#.k rFkk n;kæZ (b) lHkk & lH;
(c) HkDr&oRly rFkk Hkxoku~ (c) lky & lkykuk
(d) iqdkj rFkk Hkxoku~ (d) LFkku & lhek
154- fuEufyf•r esa ls ,d fo'ks"k.k 'kCn ugha gS & 161- fuEufyf•r esa fo'ks"; in gS &
(a) iQkSth (a) dkxt (b) diwj
(b) cqyan (c) deZB (d) dM+ok
(c) fcdkÅ
162- ^yksHkh* fdl fof/ ls fufeZr fo'ks"k.k gS\
(d) cy
(a) laKk&fof/ (b) loZuke&fof/
155- fuEu 'kCnksa esa fo'ks"; gS & (c) fØ;k&fof/ (d) çR;;&fof/
(a) 'osr
163- ^og HkSla vf/d nw/ nsrh gS* okD; esa ^vf/d* fo'ks"k.k fdldh
(b) th.kZ fo'ks"krk crk jgk gS\
(c) xjhc (a) nw/ dh (b) nsus dh
(d) fdrkc (c) HkSal dh (d) fdlh dh ugha

156- ^g”kkjksa yksxksa us mls ns•k gS* okD; esa fo'ks"k.k gS & 164- fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk 'kCn fo'ks"k.k gS\
(a) ns•k (b) yksxksa (a) vkSjr (b) vkarfjd
(c) g”kkjksa (d) mls (c) vadqj (d) ,drk

157- ^cM+k ?kj*] ^NksVk vkneh* vkSj ^uhyk oL=k* esa dkSu&dkSu fo'ks"; 165- ^lqxaf/r dLrwjh ds yksHkh f'kdkjh jktLFkkuh fgj.kksa dk voS/
gSa\ f'kdkj djrs gSa*] okD; esa gSa &
(a) uhyk] NksVk (b) cM+k] NksVk (a) rhu fo'ks"k.k vkSj rhu fo'ks";
(b) nks fo'ks"k.k vkSj nks fo'ks";
(c) ?kj] vkneh] oL=k (d) NksVk] uhyk
(c) pkj fo'ks"k.k vkSj pkj fo'ks";
158- fuEu 'kCnksa esa ls fo'ks"; dkSu gS\ (d) rhu fo'ks"k.k vkSj pkj fo'ks";
(a) ewrZ (b) euq";
166- ^og Ñ'kdk; O;fDr nkSM+us yxk*] bl okD; esa fo'ks"; gS &
(c) ekSfyd (d) eq•j
(a) O;fDr
159- fo'ks"k.k 'kCn gS & (b) Ñ'kdk;
(a) çkFkfed (b) iqLrd (c) og
(c) çkFkZuk (d) ijh{kk (d) nkSM+us yxk

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 167- fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk fo'ks"k.k 'kCn gS\ 173- buesa ls ,d fo'ks"; 'kCn gS &
(a) mi;ksxh (a) bPNk
(b) mipkj (b) bZekunkj
(c) mins'k (c) bZ'ojh;
(d) mRifÙk (d) bZ";kZyq

168- fuEufyf•r 'kCnksa esa ls dkSu&lk fo'ks"k.k ugha gS\ 174- ^og Js"B mikld gS* esa fo'ks"k.k gS &
(a) xzkeh.k (a) og (b) Js"B
(b) xaxk (c) mikld (d) gS

(c) xyr 175- ^rqe dgk¡ jgrs gks\* esa fdl dksfV dk fo'ks"k.k ç;qDr gqvk gS\
(d) •fut (a) ladsrokpd

169- ^xhyk* gS & (b) xq.kokpd

(a) lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k (c) ç'uokpd

(b) xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k (d) la[;kokpd

(c) la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k 176- fuEu esa fo'ks"k.k 'kCn gS &

(d) buesa ls dksbZ ugha (a) fganh (b) gok
170- fuEufyf•r 'kCnksa esa ls dkSu&lk fo'ks"; ugha gS\ (c) fgalk (d) ân;
(a) tksM+uk (b) fpark 177- fuEufyf•r 'kCnksa esa ls dkSu&lk 'kCn ewy :i ls fo'ks"k.k gS\
(c) tYnh (d) pkSFkk (a) iryk (b) vFkZ

171- fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&ls okD;@okD;ksa esa xyr fo'ks"k.k ç;qDr (c) ifjokj (d) ijyksd

gqvk gS\ 178- fuEu esa fo'ks"; 'kCn gS &

1- og vPNk vkneh Fkk ysfdu dke u vk;kA (a) vknj.kh;
2- ;gh ljdkjh efgykvksa dk vLirky gSA (b) vkjksg.k
uhps fn, x, dwV esa ls lgh mÙkj pqfu, % (c) vkjkè;
(a) dsoy 1 (d) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
(b) dsoy 2
179- fuEufyf•r esa ls fo'ks"; ,oa fo'ks"k.k dh n`f"V ls ,d ;qXe
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa
xyr gS &
(d) u rks 1 u gh 2
(a) ekl & ekfld
172- fuEufyf•r esa ls la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k dkSu&lk gS\ (b) efr & ejuk
(a) rhu (b) gjk (c) es/k & es/koh
(c) nwljk (d) dsoy (d) ekek & eesjk

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 180- fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk fo'ks"k.k 'kCn ugha gS\ 186- fuEufyf•r esa ls fo'ks"; ,oa fo'ks"k.k dh n`f"V ls ,d ;qXe
(a) diVh xyr gS &
(b) dtZnkj (a) nkx & nkxh
(c) dkYifud (b) /eZ & /kfeZd
(d) dke (c) /u & /S;Z
(d) èoal & èoLr
181- fuEufyf•r esa ls og okD; pqfu,] ftlesa fØ;k fo'ks"k.k dk
ç;ksx fd;k x;k gS\ 187- fuEu esa ls dkSu&lk 'kCn fo'ks"; gS\
(a) ;gk¡ dSls&dSls yksx ,d=k gq, gSaA (a) Å¡pk (b) ½rq

(b) og dkyh xk; ?kkl pj jgh gSA (c) xarO; (d) ?kjsyw

(c) eq>ls •V~Vk iQy ugha •k;k tkrkA 188- ^ljh•k* 'kCn esa fo'ks"k.k gS &
(d) rqe th tku yxkdj i<+ jgs gksA (a) x.kukokpd fo'ks"k.k

182- fuEufyf•r esa ls fo'ks"; ,oa fo'ks"k.k dh n`f"V ls ,d ;qXe (b) xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k
xyr gS & (c) leqnk;okpd fo'ks"k.k
(a) Øks/ & Øq¼ (d) Øeokpd fo'ks"k.k
(b) vklfDr & vklDr 189- ^bfrgkl* ls fo'ks"k.k 'kCn curk gS &
(c) vkd"kZd & vkÑ"V (a) bfrgkfld
(d) bZ";kZ & mis{kk (b) ,sfrgkfld

183- buesa ls fo'ks"; 'kCn gS & (c) ,sfrgklh

(a) papy (d) bfrgklh

(b) pkyw 190- ^ehBk vke* esa ^ehBk* fo'ks"k.k fdl dksfV dk gS\
(c) pqacdh; (a) xq.kokpd
(d) tk¡pdrkZ (b) ifjek.kokpd

184- ^os vPNh yM+fd;k¡ gSa* okD; esa fodkjh fo'ks"k.k gS & (c) O;fDrokpd

(a) vPNh (d) la[;kokpd

(b) yM+fd;k¡ 191- v/ksfyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk ;qXe fo'ks"k.k ugha gS\
(c) os (a) NksVk&cM+k (b) gjk&ihyk
(d) gSa (c) nks&rhu (d) jke&y{e.k

185- fuEu esa ls dkSu&lk 'kCn fo'ks"k.k gS\ 192- fuEufyf•r esa ls fØ;k fo'ks"k.k gS &
(a) iQy (b) cks> (a) v¡/sjk (b) /hjs&/hjs
(c) iQly (d) Hkkjh (c) pky&pyu (d) lqanj

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 193- fuEufyf•r esa fo'ks"; 'kCn gS & 197- fuEufyf•r esa esa fo'ks"; 'kCn dks pqfu, &
(a) fu"ks/ (a) rV
(b) uqdhyk (b) rkaf=kd
(c) ukSdj
(c) rktk
(d) fuf'pr
(d) rjy
194- fuEufyf•r esa ls fo'ks"; ,oa fo'ks"k.k dh n`f"V ls ,d ;qXe
xyr gS & 198- fuEufyf•r esa esa dkSu&lk 'kCn fo'ks"k.k gS\
(a) xfr & xr (a) f'kdkjh (b) 'kku

(b) Ñik & Ñikyq (c) 'kksfHkr (d) 'kklu

(c) dk;k & dkf;d 199- fuEufyf•r esa ls fo'ks"; ,oa fo'ks"k.k dh n`f"V ls ,d ;qXe
(d) deZ & dke xyr gS &
195- fuEufyf•r esa esa fo'ks"k.k 'kCn dks pqfu, & (a) iafDr & ikaDrs;
(a) fnokyk (b) csoiQkbZ & csodwiQh
(b) nkuk (c) cqyanh & cqyan
(c) n'kZuh; (d) etkd & etkfd;k
(d) nkSyr
200- fuEufyf•r esa esa fo'ks"k.k 'kCn dks pqfu, &
196- ^,d çfrHkk laiUu Nk=k* okD; dk fo'ks"k.k gksrk gS &
(a) la;e
(a) dq'ky
(b) LFkku
(b) prqj
(c) Luk;q
(c) vè;;u'khy
(d) es/koh (d) lgdkjh

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 DO NOT OPEN THIS TEST BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

T.B.C. : SKT-D-RTGS Test Booklet Series

D
TEST BOOKLET
PAPER
General Studies & General Hindi

Time Allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks : 200

INSTRUCTIONS
1. IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE EXAMINATION, YOU SHOULD CHECK THAT THIS
TEST BOOKLET DOES NOT HAVE ANY UNPRINTED OR TORN OR MISSING PAGES OR ITEMS, ETC. IF SO,
GET IT REPLACED BY A COMPLETE TEST BOOKLET.
2. Please note that it is the candidate's responsibility to encode and fill in the Roll Number and without any omission or
discrepancy at the appropriate places in the OMR Answer Sheet. Any omission/discrepancy will render the Answer
Sheet liable for rejection.
3. You have to enter your Roll Number on the Test Booklet in the Box
provided alongside.
DO NOT write anything else on the Test Booklet.
4. This Test Booklet contains 200 items (questions). Each item is printed both in Hindi and English, Each item comprises four
responses (answers). You will select the response which you want to mark on the Answer Sheet. In case you feel that there is
more than one correct response, mark the response which you consider the best. In any case, choose ONLY ONE response
for each item.
5. You have to mark all your responses ONLY on the separate Answer Sheet provided. See directions in the Answer Sheet.
6. All items carry equal marks.
7. After you have completed filling in all your responses on the Answer Sheet and the examination has concluded, you should
hand over to the Invigilator only the Answer Sheet. You are permitted to take away with you the Test Booklet.
8. Penalty for wrong answers:
THERE WILL BE PENALTY FOR WRONG ANSWERS MARKED BY A CANDIDATE IN ALL THE QUESTIONS.
(i) There are four alternatives for the answer to every question. For each question for which a wrong answer has been given
by the candidate, one-third of the marks assigned to that question will be deducted as penalty.
(ii) If a candidate gives more than one answer, it will be treated as a wrong answer even if one of the given answers happens
to be correct and there will be same penalty as above to that question.
(iii) If a question is left blank, i.e., no answer is given by the candidate, there will be no penalty for that question.

DO NOT OPEN THIS TEST BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

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 Answer with Explanation

UPPCS RO/ARO : Prelims Test Series - 2025

Test Code - SKT-D-RTGS

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 1. Answer: (d) In fact, convex mirrors are commonly used as rear-view
Explanation: (wing) mirrors of vehicles.
yy Therefore, option (a) is correct.
Mechanical Waves
yy Waves that require a physical medium for their transmission 5. Answer: (c)
are called ‘mechanical waves’. This medium must have Explanation:
two properties – elasticity and inertia. The speed of these yy A fuse in an electric circuit protects the circuit from damage
waves depends on these two properties (elasticity and due to short circuit. When both live wire and neutral wire
inertia). Examples of mechanical waves – sound waves, come in direct contact, overloading may occur (this happens
waves produced in a rope, earthquake waves etc. Hence when the insulation of the wires is damaged or there is some
statement 1 is correct. fault in the apparatus). Under such conditions, the electric
yy Transmission of sound waves is not possible on the moon current in a circuit suddenly becomes very high. This is
due to the absence of atmosphere. Hence statement 2 is called short circuit.
correct. yy Therefore, option (c) is correct.
yy Therefore, option (d) is correct. 6. Answer: (c)
2. Answer: (d) Explanation:
Explanation: Thermometer
Effect of humidity on the speed of sound yy The device which measures temperature is called
yy The density of moist or humid air is less than that of dry air, ‘thermometer’. With the change in temperature, the
hence the speed of sound in humid air is more than that in properties of the substance also change, which are used as
dry air. This is the reason why the sound of a train whistle the basis for the design of the thermometer. In other words,
can be heard from a long distance during the rainy season. the volume of a liquid also changes with the temperature.
yy Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation Hence statement 1 is correct.
of (A). yy In the Celsius scale, the freezing point of water is fixed at
yy Therefore, option (d) is correct. 0°C and the boiling point is fixed at 100°C and the distance
between them is divided into 100 equal parts. Each part is
3. Answer: (c) called 1°C. Hence statement 2 is not correct.
Explanation: yy Therefore, option (c) is correct.
The correct matching is – 7. Answer: (b)
(Measurement/ (Application) Explanation:
Instrument)
Thermal Conductivity
Galvanometer - To check the presence of electric
yy The ability of a solid substance to conduct heat is called
current
its ‘thermal conductivity’. Silver, copper, iron, aluminium,
Barometer - To measure atmospheric pressure etc. are good conductors of heat, while glass, wood, paper,
Atmometer - To measure evaporation etc. are bad conductors of heat.
Karatmeter - To measure the purity of gold yy ‘Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity’ is the amount of
yy Therefore, option (c) is correct. heat that is transferred through a unit cube between two
surfaces perpendicularly spaced from each other and having
4. Answer: (a)
a temperature difference of 1°C in a given time. If the value
Explanation: of thermal conductivity of a substance is high, then heat can
Uses of concave mirrors flow easily through it.
yy Concave mirrors are commonly used in torches, searchlights yy In fact, in winters, iron feels colder to touch than wood
and vehicle headlights to obtain a powerful parallel beam because iron being a good conductor, transmits heat from
of light. They are often used as shaving mirrors to see a our body easily, whereas wood being a bad conductor,
larger image of the face. Dentists use concave mirrors to cannot transmit it.
see a larger image of the teeth of patients. Large concave yy Hence, (A) is true but (R) is false.
mirrors are used in solar furnaces to concentrate sunlight. yy Therefore, option (b) is correct.

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 8. Answer: (b) 10. Answer: (b)
Explanation: Explanation:
Definition of Motion Gravity:
yy When an object changes its position with time, then that yy According to Newton's law of gravitation, every object in
object is said to be in dynamic/moving state and when an the universe exerts an attractive force on the other object.
object does not change its position with time relative to any If one of these two objects is the earth, then this attractive
other object, then that object is said to be at rest. Thus, the force is called 'gravity'. Hence, gravity is the attractive force
change in the position of an object with respect to time is due to which the earth pulls an object towards its centre.
called ‘motion’.
Gravitational Acceleration:
yy When an object moving on a fixed path repeats its motion
yy When an object is released freely from above, it starts falling
after a fixed time interval, then such motion is called
towards the earth due to gravity and as the object comes
‘periodic motion’, for example– revolution of the earth
near the surface of the earth, its velocity increases. Hence,
around the sun.
due to the change in velocity, an acceleration starts acting
yy When an object moves around its equilibrium position, then on the object which is called 'gravitational acceleration'. It
it is called ‘oscillatory or vibratory motion’, for example –
is represented by 'g'.
motion of a pendulum in a wall clock.
yy If the mass of an object is m, then the 'gravitational force'
yy When an object rotates around a fixed axis, then its motion
acting on it will be mg. Its value on the earth's surface is
is called rotational motion; for example – motion of a ceiling
9.8 m/s².
fan, motion of a top, etc.
yy Therefore, option (b) is correct.
yy Therefore, option (b) is correct.
11. Answer: (c)
9. Answer: (d)
Explanation:
Explanation:
yy In semiconductors, the gap between the valence band and
Newton's Laws of Motion the conduction band is less.
yy Sir Isaac Newton first mentioned the 'Law of Universal yy So some electrons can cross into the conduction band and
Gravitation' and 'Laws of Motion' in his book 'Principia'
show poor conductivity.
in 1687 AD.
yy Electrical conductivity in semiconductors increases with
First Law of Motion: Law of Inertia increase in temperature because more number of electrons
yy If an object is at rest or in motion, it will remain in its can go into the conduction band.
original state unless an external force is applied on it. yy Materials like silicon and germanium show this type of
Inertia is the natural property of an object which opposes
behaviour and are called intrinsic semiconductors.
spontaneous to its original state (state of rest or motion).
Newton's first law is also called the 'law of inertia'. The yy Therefore, option (c) is correct.
inertia of an object is proportional to its mass. 12. Answer: (d)
Example: Explanation:
yy When a stationary vehicle suddenly starts moving, the yy In primary batteries, the reaction takes place only once and
passengers sitting in it lean backwards, whereas when a after some time of use, the battery becomes inactive and
moving vehicle suddenly stops, the passengers sitting in cannot be used again.
it lean forward. yy The most common example of this is the dry cell, known
yy By shaking a tree, its fruits break and fall down. as the Leclanche cell after its inventor.
yy By holding a blanket in the hand and beating it with a stick, yy These are commonly used in transistors and watches.
dust particles fall off and fall down. yy Therefore, option (d) is correct.
yy If a thick paper is placed on a glass filled with water and a
coin is placed on it and the paper is pushed forward, then 13. Answer: (c)
the paper moves forward, while the coin falls into the water. Explanation:
yy Actually, according to the third law of motion, ' for every yy Hydrogenation of vegetable oils is carried out in the
action has an equal and opposite reaction.' For example - presence of finely divided nickel catalyst.
getting hurt on jumping from a height. yy Lead chamber process involves the oxidation of sulphur
yy Therefore, option (d) is correct. dioxide to sulphur dioxide by the reaction of sulphur with

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 dioxygen in the presence of oxides of nitrogen as catalyst- 17. Answer: (c)
the reactant, sulphur dioxide and oxygen and the catalyst Explanation:
nitric oxide are all in the same phase.
yy White phosphorus is obtained when heated for several days
yy Haber process involves combination between dinitrogen at 573 K in an inert atmosphere.
and dihydrogen in the presence of finely divided iron to
form ammonia. yy When red phosphorus is heated at high pressure, a series of
phases of black phosphorus are obtained.
yy Ostwald process involves oxidation of ammonia to nitric
oxide in the presence of platinum gauge. yy Red phosphorus has an iron-grey lustre.
yy Therefore, option (c) is correct. yy It is odourless, non-toxic and insoluble in water and carbon
disulphide.
14. Answer: (d)
yy Chemically, red phosphorus is much less reactive than
Explanation: white phosphorus.
(Types of colloids) (Examples) yy It does not glow in the dark.
Solid Sol : Some coloured glass and gem yy Therefore, option (c) is correct.
stones, pumice stone, foam rubber
18. Answer: (b)
Sol : Paint, cell fluid
Explanation:
Aerosol : Smoke, dust, mist, fog, clouds,
pesticide spray yy Consumption of ethanol affects the central nervous system.
yy In moderate quantities it affects decision making and
Gel : Cheese, jelly
reduces inhibitions.
Emulsion : Milk, hair cream, butter
yy Higher concentrations cause nausea and unconsciousness.
Foam : Froth, whipped cream, soap suds
yy In higher concentrations it also interferes with spontaneous
yy Therefore, option (d) is correct.
breathing and may be fatal.
15. Answer: (a) yy Therefore, option (b) is correct.
Explanation:
19. Answer: (c)
yy Metals obtained by extraction by any method generally
contain some impurities. Several methods are used to obtain Explanation:
metals of high purity. yy Silver Chloride: It is called horn silver. It is used in making
hhDistillation: This method is very useful for metals with photochromatic glass.
low boiling point like zinc and mercury. yy Silver Bromide: It is used in photography.
hhHydraulic refining: In this method, metal with low yy Silver Iodide: It is used in making artificial rain.
melting point such as tin are melted and allowed to flow yy Zinc Sulphide: It is found in nature in the form of zinc
on a sloping surface, thereby separating the impurities
blende. It exhibits the property of phosphorescence. It is
with higher melting point.
used in making phosphorescent screens.
hhElectrolytic method: Copper is purified by this method.
yy Zinc Phosphide: Zinc phosphide is used as rat poison.
hhZone refining: This method is mainly useful for
yy Zinc Carbonate is used to make medicine for skin diseases.
obtaining very high purity semiconductors and other
very pure metals such as germanium, silicon, boron, yy Therefore, option (c) is correct.
gallium and indium. 20. Answer: (a)
yy Therefore, option (a) is correct.
Explanation:
16. Answer: (a)
(Metal) (Ore)
Explanation:
Magnesium : Carnallite
yy Ammonia has a one lone pair electron on the nitrogen atom
available to donate pair, so it behaves like a Lewis base. Aluminum : Bauxite (Chemical name- Hydrated
Alumina)
yy Ammonia is a colourless gas with a pungent smell.
yy It is highly soluble in water. Manganese : Pyrolusite
yy Liquid ammonia is used as a refrigerant. Gold : Sylvanite, Calaverite
yy Therefore, option (a) is correct. yy Therefore, option (a) is correct.

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 21. Answer: (a) yy This tissue is found in the petiole beneath the epidermis. The
Explanation: cells of this tissue are alive, long and irregularly thickened
at the corners and there is very little space between the cells.
yy Mitochondria: It is a very unique organelle of the human
body because it has its own DNA and ribosomes. Hence, yy Therefore, option (c) is correct.
mitochondria make some of its own proteins. 24. Answer: (b)
yy It is found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals,
Explanation:
plants and fungi etc.
yy Xylem and phloem are examples of complex tissues.
yy It is made of double membrane. Its outer membrane is
perforated. The inner membrane is highly folded. These yy Both of these are also called vascular tissues and together
rings enlarge the area of ATP-forming chemical reactions. they form the vascular bundle.
yy Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell or also called the yy Xylem is made up of different types of cells such as xylem
energy house of the human body; as they provide energy in tracheids, vessels, and xylem parenchyma and xylem fibres.
the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) to perform various yy The cell walls of tracheids and vessels are thick and many
chemical reactions necessary for life. ATP is the energy of of these mature cells are dead. The structure of tracheids and
the cell. The body uses the energy stored in ATP to make vessels is tubular. Vertical transport of water and mineral
new chemical compounds and to perform mechanical work. salts takes place through these xylem. Hence statement 1
yy Hence, both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and (R) is not correct.
is the correct explanation of (A). yy Parenchyma stores food. Xylem fibres mainly perform the
yy Therefore, option (a) is correct. function of providing support.
22. Answer: (d) yy Phloem is made up of five types of components: sieve
cells, sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma
Explanation: and phloem fibres.
yy Plastids: These are double membrane organelles found only yy Sieve tubes are tubular cells with perforated walls.
in plant cells such as plants and algae. Hence statement 1
is not correct. yy Phloem transports food from the leaves to various parts
of the plant. Except phloem fibres, phloem cells are living
yy Plastids are responsible for the manufacture and storage
cells. Hence statement 2 is not correct.
of food. They often contain pigments that are used in
photosynthesis and contain a variety of pigments that can yy Therefore, option (b) is correct.
change the colour of the cell. Hence statement 2 is correct. 25. Answer: (a)
Other Facts Explanation:
yy Plastids are of two types: Chromoplasts (coloured plastids) yy The digestive juice secreted in the gastric glands is called
and leucoplasts (white and colourless plastids). The gastric juice. The food which enters the stomach becomes
chromoplasts that contain chlorophyll pigment are called acidic on mixing with this gastric juice. Hydrochloric acid
‘chloroplasts’. (HCl), pepsinogen/pepsin, rennin and lipase are found in
yy Chloroplasts in plants are essential for photosynthesis. Apart gastric juice.
from chlorophyll, chloroplasts also contain various yellow yy The gastric juice of new borns contains a protein degrading
or orange coloured pigments. Leucoplasts are primarily enzyme called rennin which helps in digesting milk proteins.
organelles that store substances like starch, oil and proteins. Gastric glands also secrete a small amount of lipase. Hence
yy The internal structure of chloroplasts consists of many statement 1 is correct.
membrane layers located in the stroma. Plastids resemble yy Gastric lipase enzyme is responsible for partial digestion
mitochondria in their external structure. Like mitochondria, of fats.
plastids also contain their own DNA and ribosomes.
yy Mucus and bicarbonate present in the gastric juice lubricate
yy Therefore, option (d) is correct. the mucous epithelial layer and protect it from highly
23. Answer: (c) concentrated hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric acid prepares
Explanation: a suitable acidic medium (pH 1.8) for pepsins.
yy The property of flexibility in plants is due to a permanent yy The enzyme pepsin converts the protein component present
tissue, collenchyma. It brings flexibility in different parts in the food into proteoses and peptones. Hence statement
of the plant (leaf, stem) without breaking. It also provides 2 is correct.
mechanical support to the plants. yy Therefore, option (a) is correct.

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 26. Answer: (c) 29. Answer: (a)
Explanation: Explanation:
yy Blood : It is a group of special types of tissues, in which yy Endocrine glands and their hormones: There are many
fluid matrix, plasma and other organized structures are endocrine glands in human body which secrete specific
found. Hence statement 1 is correct. hormones -
yy Plasma : This fluid is a light yellow colored thick fluid, yy Hypothalamus: It is the basal part of the diencephalon
which is about 55 percent of the volume of blood. The (hindbrain) and controls a wide range of body functions.
fluid contains 90-92 percent water and 6-8 percent protein It contains many hormone producing neurosecretory cells
substances. Fibrinogen, globulin and albumin are the main called nuclei.
proteins present in plasma. Fibrinogen is required for blood
clotting or coagulation. Hence statement 2 is not correct. yy It controls body temperature, hunger, thirst and secretion
of hormones from pituitary gland.
Other facts yy Hence, both statements 1 and 2 are correct.
yy Globulin is used by the body's immune system and albumin
is used for osmotic balance. Many mineral ions such as Other Facts
Na+, Ca++, Mg++, HCO3, CI– etc. are also found in plasma. yy Pituitary gland: It is called the ‘master gland’ because
Glucose, amino acids and lipids are also found in plasma it secretes hormones that regulate other glands, including
due to the infection in the body. Many factors for blood growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and
clotting or coagulation remain in an inactive state with the others.
plasma. Plasma without clotting factors is called serum. yy Pineal gland: Produces melatonin, which regulates sleep
yy Therefore, option (c) is correct. patterns.
27. Answer: (c) yy Thyroid gland: Secretes T3 and T4, which affect
metabolism and energy levels.
Explanation:
yy Parathyroid gland: Regulates calcium levels in the blood.
yy Platelets are also called thrombocytes, they are formed
by the fragmentation of megakaryocytes (special cells of yy Thymus: Important for T-cell development in the immune
bone marrow) into pieces. Their number in the blood is 1.5 system.
to 3.5 lakh per cubic mm. Platelets secrete many types of yy Pancreas: Secretes insulin and glucagon, which play an
substances, most of which are helpful in clotting of blood. important role in blood sugar regulation.
yy Due to a decrease in the number of platelets, coagulation yy Therefore, option (a) is correct.
gets impaired and excessive bleeding occurs from the body.
30. Answer: (c)
yy The red color of blood is due to the presence of an iron-
containing complex protein haemoglobin. Explanation:
yy Lymphocytes and monocytes are types of nucleotide cells. Thymus gland
Lymphocytes (20-25 percent) are mainly of two types, B yy This gland is a lobed structure located between the lungs
and T. Both types of lymphocytes, B and T, are responsible behind the sternum on the ventral side of the aorta. The
for the immunity of the body. thymus gland plays an important role in the development of
yy Therefore, option (c) is correct. the immune system. This gland secretes a peptide hormone
called thymosin.
28. Answer: (c)
yy The thymus starts degenerating with increasing age,
Explanation: consequently the production of thymosin decreases. As a
yy Pituitary gland - induces growth in all organs. result, the immune response in the elderly becomes weak.
yy Insulin - regulates the sugar level in the blood. yy Steroid hormone: This hormone is secreted by the ovaries
yy Releasing hormone - induces the secretion of hormones of females.
from the pituitary gland. Thyroid gland - Regulates yy The ovaries of females also produce two types of
metabolism for body growth. steroid hormone groups, which are called estrogen and
yy Adrenal glands are situated above the kidneys. Adrenal progesterone. The ovary is made up of oocyte and stuffing
glands are hormone secreting glands and do not take part tissue. The synthesis and secretion of estrogen occurs
in digestion. Pancreas, liver and salivary glands take part mainly by the developing ovarian follicles. After ovulation,
in digestion by secreting digestive juices. the disintegrated follicle turns into a corpus luteum, which
yy Therefore, option (c) is correct. mainly secretes the progesterone hormone.

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 yy Estrogen performs many functions in females, such as Pellagra : Dry scales on skin and tongue
induction of growth and functions of secondary sexual
Scurvy : Bleeding from gums
organs, development of ovarian follicles, manifestation
of secondary sexual characteristics (such as high pitch of yy Therefore, option (a) is correct.
voice), development of mammary glands, etc. Estrogen is 34. Answer: (a)
also a regulator of sexual behaviour in women.
Explanation:
yy Progesterone also acts on the mammary glands to help in yy Bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus
the formation of milk storage alveoli and secretion of milk. influenzae are responsible for pneumonia in humans. In this
yy Therefore, option (c) is correct. disease, the alveoli of the lungs get infected. As a result
31. Answer: (d) of infection, the alveoli get filled with fluid, which causes
serious problems in breathing.
Explanation:
yy Thus, both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and (R)
yy Modification of stem: Stems are not always as typical is the correct explanation of (A).
as expected. They modify themselves to perform various
functions. Underground stems of potato, ginger, turmeric, Other facts
yam, arbi (taro) get modified for food storage. During yy The symptoms of this disease are fever, chills, cough and
unfavourable conditions for growth, they act as perennial headache. In severe cases, the lips and fingernails turn grey
organs. to blue.
yy Groundnut: It is a leguminous crop grown mainly for its yy A healthy person can also get infected by inhaling droplets
edible seeds. It is a seed found underground. or aerosols emitted by an infected person or by using glasses
yy Therefore, option (d) is correct. or utensils of an infected person. Some other bacterial
diseases in humans are diarrhoea, dysentery, plague and
32. Answer: (a) diphtheria.
Explanation: yy Therefore, option (a) is correct.
yy Sclerenchyma: It is a long, narrow and pointed dead cells 35. Answer: (d)
usually found in plants. Hence statement 1 is correct.
Explanation:
yy The walls of these cells are thick and lignified. There are
few or more pits on its wall. Mostly they are dead and The correct matching is as follows -
do not contain protoplast. Based on the variation in size, yy Louis Pasteur discovered fermentation in the year 1857.
structure, origin and development, sclerenchyma can be yy Alexander Fleming discovered ‘Penicillin’ in the year 1929.
fibrous or sclereids. Fibrils are made of thick walled, long yy Edward Jenner discovered the smallpox vaccine in the
and pointed dead cells. year 1798.
yy These are usually found in groups in different parts of yy Antonie van Leeuwenhoek discovered bacteria on 17
the plants. The shape of sclereids is spherical, oval or September 1683. He is called the father of microbiology.
cylindrical. yy Robert Koch discovered a bacterium called Bacillus anthesis
yy These are made up of very thick and dead sclerenchymatous in 1876 which causes anthrax disease.
cells, whose cavity is very narrow. yy Therefore, option (d) is correct.
yy These are usually found in the fruit wall cells of nuts, pulp of
36. Answer: (d)
fruits like guava, pear and sapota; and seed coat of legumes
and tea leaves. Hence statement 2 is also correct. Explanation:
yy Sclerenchyma provides mechanical support to plants. yy Color blindness: It is a genetic sex-linked recessive
yy Therefore, option (a) is correct. disorder. Hence statement 2 is correct.
yy This disorder occurs due to defective red or green color
33. Answer: (a) sensitive cones. As a result, the person is unable to
Explanation: differentiate between red and green colors. Hence statement
The correct matching is as follows- 1 is not correct.
Other facts
(Disease) (Symptom)
yy This disorder occurs due to mutation in some genes located
Riboflavinosis : Memory loss on the X-chromosome. This disorder is found in about 8%
Beri-beri : Weakness of nerves and muscles of men and only 0.4% of women.

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 yy The reason for this is the presence of genes responsible yy There are many applications of Archimedes' principle.
for red-green color blindness on the X-chromosome. Male Design of ships and submarines, lactometer (used for
cells have only one X-chromosome, but females have two checking the purity of milk), hydrometer (used for
X-chromosomes. The chance of a female carrying such a measuring the density of liquids) etc. are based on this
gene being colour blind is 50% that her son will be colour principle.
blind because the X-linked gene is recessive. yy Therefore, option (d) is correct.
yy Hence, the heterozygous mother is not colour blind herself.
40. Answer: (d)
This means that its effect is blocked by the dominance of
the other allele. The daughter (female offspring) will not Explanation:
normally be colour blind, unless the mother is a carrier and Surface Tension
the father is colour blind.
yy The free surface of a liquid has a tendency to acquire the
yy Therefore, option (d) is correct. least area due to which its surface is always in a state of
37. Answer: (b) tension. This property of a liquid is called ‘surface tension’.
Explanation: Hence, the surface tension of a liquid is the force which
acts on the free surface perpendicular to a line and in the
yy Polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon): It is used in making oil
seals and gaskets and in coating utensils with a non-stick tangential direction of the layer. If the force ‘F’ acts on the
surface. length ‘L’ of the line, then the surface tension will be T = F/L.
yy Polyacrylonitrile: It is used as a wool substitute to make yy The SI unit of surface tension is Newton-meter or Joule/
industrial fibres like Orlon or Acrylon. meter.
yy Wakelite : It is used in making combs, phonograph record yy The work done to increase the surface area of a liquid by
cases, electric switches and handles of various utensils. one unit is equal to its surface tension.
yy Neoprene: It is used in making conveyor belts, gaskets Factors affecting surface tension
and cisterns. yy The surface tension decreases on increasing the temperature
yy Therefore, option (b) is correct. of the liquid and it becomes zero at the critical temperature.
38. Answer: (d) yy The value of surface tension increases on adding soluble
impurity.
Explanation:
yy The value of surface tension decreases on adding insoluble
yy Orthosulphobenzimide, also known as saccharin, is the first
popular artificial sweetener. It has been used as a sweetener impurity.
since its discovery in 1879. yy The surface tension of the liquid decreases when electric
yy Aspartame is the most successful and widely used artificial current is passed through the liquid.
sweetener. It is a mixture of aspartic acid and succinate. yy Therefore, option (d) is correct.
yy It is the methyl ester of a dipeptide formed from 41. Answer: (a)
phenylalanine.
Explanation:
yy Alitame is a stronger sweetener. Though it is more stable
yy The 46th session of the World Heritage Committee was
than aspartame, it is difficult to control the sweetness while
held at Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi. Hence statement
using it.
1 is correct.
yy Sucralose is the trichloro derivative of sucrose. It has a
sugar-like appearance and taste. It is stable at cooking yy It was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on
temperature. It does not provide calories. 21 July 2024.
yy Therefore, option (d) is correct. yy The 46th session of the World Heritage Committee was
hosted by India under the theme of "Development as well
39. Answer: (d) as Heritage". Hence statement 2 is correct.
Explanation: yy India hosted the meeting of the World Heritage Committee
Archimedes' Principle for the first time.
yy According to this principle, when an object is fully or yy Charaideo Maidam – Ancient Burial Mounds of the Ahom
partially immersed in a liquid, its weight appears to Dynasty in Assam, India has been recognized as a World
decrease. This apparent loss in weight is equal to the weight Heritage Site for its historical significance.
of the liquid displaced by the object. yy Therefore, option (a) is correct.

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 42. Answer: (a) yy The announcement of giving the 'Order of St Andrew the
Explanation: Apostle' honor to PM Modi was made in the year 2019.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi is the first Indian leader to
yy On July 20, 2024, the National District Mineral Foundation
be honored with this award.
Portal was launched by Union Coal and Mines Minister G.
Kishan Reddy. Hence statement 1 is correct. yy Therefore, option (d) is correct.
yy The objective of launching this portal is to facilitate access 46. Answer: (b)
to DMF data and track its development and use. Explanation:
yy This portal provides details of 645 District Mineral yy On July 8, 2024, Roshni Nadar Malhotra, Chairman of
Foundations in the country with enhanced transparency, HCLTech, was awarded the country's highest civilian award
including centralized visibility of activities, project "Chevalier de la Legion d'Honneur" (Knight of the Legion
monitoring and dynamic analysis as well as a repository of of Honour) by France.
best practices for effective implementation. Hence statement yy Roshni Nadar was awarded this award by His Excellency
2 is correct. Mr. Thierry Mathou, Ambassador of France to India on
yy Therefore, option (a) is correct. behalf of the President of France.
43. Answer: (d) yy Roshni Nadar was given award for her outstanding
contribution to the business world and her continuous efforts
Explanation: to promote relations between France and India as well as
yy On July 12, 2024, Union Home Minister Amit Shah her unwavering commitment to social and environmental
announced that the Central Government has decided to causes.
observe June 25 as 'Samvidhaan Hatya Diwas'. yy Therefore, option (b) is correct.
yy On June 25, 1975, the then Indira Gandhi-led Congress
government imposed National Emergency in the country 47. Answer: (c)
under Article 352 of the Constitution, which remained in Explanation:
force in the country for 21 months. yy On July 2, 2024, King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands
yy Therefore, option (d) is correct. swore in Dick Schoof as the new Prime Minister of the
Netherlands.
44. Answer: (d)
yy He will replace Mark Rutte, who served as the Prime
Explanation: Minister of the Netherlands from 2010 to 2024.
yy On July 10, 2024, Nagaland was awarded the 'Best State yy Rutte will take over as the new Secretary General of the
Award in Horticulture 2024'. Nagaland was given this honor North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) from October
during the '15th Agriculture Leadership Conference'. 2024.
yy This award was given to the state for its outstanding yy For the first time since World War II, the Netherlands is
work in introducing innovative programs and policies for being led by a Prime Minister who is not affiliated with
horticulture development. any political party.
yy This summit was organized between July 10-11, 2024 yy Dick Schoof, who did not contest the 2024 elections, was
under the theme of 'Advancing Agriculture amidst Climate nominated for the post of Prime Minister on May 28, 2024.
Challenges'. yy Therefore, option (c) is correct.
yy Nagaland has received GI registration of three horticultural
48. Answer: (b)
crops Naga Mircha, Naga Tree Tomato and Naga Sweet
Cucumber. Explanation:
yy Therefore, option (d) is correct. yy On July 1, 2024, Japan launched the Advanced Land
Observation Satellite (ALOS-4) "DAICHI-4" through its
45. Answer: (d) new flagship third H3 launch vehicle (H3 F3: Flight No.3).
Explanation: yy The satellite was launched from the Japan Aerospace
yy On July 9, 2024, Russian President Vladimir Putin awarded Exploration Agency's (JAXA) Tanegashima Space Centre
Prime Minister Narendra Modi with Russia's highest civilian located off the Kyushu coast of Japan.
honor 'Order of St Andrew the Apostle'. yy The Advanced Land Observing Satellite-4 (ALOS-4)
yy Russian President Vladimir Putin honored Prime Minister "DAICHI-4" is a satellite that observes the Earth's surface
Narendra Modi for his contribution in promoting India- using its onboard phased array type L-band synthetic
Russia relations. aperture radar (PALSAR-3).

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 yy It aims to collect data for an advanced Earth observation in summer, due to which the clock becomes slow, while it
and mapping for disaster response and security. becomes fast in winter.
yy Therefore, option (b) is correct. yy Therefore, option (a) is correct.
49. Answer: (a) 52. Answer: (a)
Explanation: Explanation:
Long Range Glide Bomb: GAURAV Mechanical properties of solids
yy The Defence Research and Development Organisation
Elasticity
(DRDO) recently successfully conducted the first flight test
of the Long Range Glide Bomb (LRGB) ‘GAURAV’ from yy Elasticity is the property of a substance due to which an
the Indian Air Force’s Sukhoi-30 Mk-I fighter aircraft off object resists the change in its shape or size caused by a
the coast of Odisha. deforming force and when the deforming force is removed,
it returns to its initial state or tries to return to it. Hence
yy GAURAV, an air-launched 1,000 kg class glide bomb
capable of engaging targets at long ranges, has been statement 1 is correct.
indigenously designed and developed by Hyderabad-based yy A solid object on which there is no change in its shape
Research Centre Imarat (RCI). and size even when an external force is applied, i.e. the
yy Research Centre Imarat (RCI) is a premier laboratory of relative positions of the various particles of the object and
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Missile Complex, DRDO, which the distances between these particles remain unchanged.
leads research and development in a wide range of avionics Hence statement 2 is correct.
systems for diverse defence and aerospace applications. yy Therefore, option (a) is correct.
yy Therefore, option (a) is correct. 53. Answer: (c)
50. Answer: (d) Explanation:
Explanation: Atmospheric Pressure
yy In a significant milestone for India's community radio scene, yy The pressure exerted by all the layers of the atmosphere
Union Information and Broadcasting Minister Ashwini
on a certain unit or area of the earth is called ‘atmospheric
Vaishnaw launched the country's 500th community radio
pressure’. The SI unit of atmospheric pressure is bar or
station at the Indian Institute of Mass Communication
pascal. It is measured by barometer. The average air pressure
(IIMC) in Aizawl town of Mizoram.
at sea level is 1013.25 millibar (1 bar = 10g/m²). Hence
yy The event underlines the government's commitment to
statement 1 is correct.
the Act East Policy and marks a significant development
in enhancing local communication and information yy Atmospheric pressure decreases as we move upwards from
dissemination. sea level. This is the reason why a person starts bleeding
from the nose when he goes to the mountains. Rapid fall
yy Therefore, option (d) is correct.
in the reading of the barometer indicates stormy weather
51. Answer: (a) and gradual fall indicates rain. Continuous slow rise in the
Explanation: reading of the barometer is an indicator of anticyclone and
clear weather. Hence statement 2 is not correct.
Simple Pendulum
yy If a spherical but heavy particle of matter is hung at one end yy Therefore, option (c) is correct.
of a weightless and fixed length string and the other end of 54. Answer: (d)
the string is tied to a frictionless rigid base, then the system
Explanation:
thus formed is called a ‘simple pendulum’. Here the heavy
particle of matter is called the ball and the distance from yy The correct matching is as follows -
the suspension point (from where it is hung) to the centre (Fundamental particle) (Discoverer)
of gravity of the ball is called the effective length. hhNeutron : James Chadwick
yy In fact, the time period of the pendulum does not depend on hhProton : Rutherford
the mass of the ball, while the time period increases with the
hhMeson : H Yukawa
increase in the effective length of the pendulum.
hhElectron : JJ thomson
yy For example, the time period of a pendulum clock or
pendulum increases with the increase in its effective length yy Therefore, option (d) is correct.

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 55. Answer: (c) amount of charged particles (α, β, y). Hence statement 1
Explanation: is correct.
yy Hydrogen bomb is based on the principle of nuclear fusion.
Isotopes
High temperature and high pressure are required for nuclear
yy The atoms of an element which have the same atomic fusion. Hence, to carry out the nuclear fusion process in
number but different mass numbers (atomic weights) are
hydrogen bomb, a nuclear explosion is first carried out.
called isotopes.
yy More energy is produced in nuclear fusion than fission.
yy An element can have two or more isotopes.
Hence, hydrogen bombs are more destructive than atomic
yy Its nuclei are unstable and hence are not found in nature and bombs. American scientist 'Edward Taylor' (Father
are created in laboratories by artificial methods. of Hydrogen Bomb) played an important role in the
yy The artificially created isotopes are radioactive. development of hydrogen bomb. Hence statement 2 is not
yy Polonium has 27 isotopes. correct.
yy Isotopes have similar chemical properties. yy Therefore, option (c) is correct.
yy Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) does not explain (A) 59. Answer: (a)
correctly.
Explanation:
yy Therefore, option (c) is correct.
Plasma
56. Answer: (b)
yy In this state, the particles are highly energetic and highly
Explanation: excited. These particles are in the form of ionized gas.
yy The correct matching is as follows - Fluorescent tubes and neon bulbs contain plasma. Neon gas
  (Centre) (Location) is present inside the neon bulb and helium or some other
hhVikram Sarabhai Space Centre : Thiruvananthapuram gas is present inside the fluorescent tube. Hence statement
hhISRO Satellite Centre : Bengaluru 1 is correct.
hhSpace Applications Centre : Ahmedabad yy When electrical energy flows, this gas becomes ionized i.e.
charged. Due to charging, bright plasma is formed inside
hhSatish Dhawan Space Centre : Sriharikota
the tube or bulb. According to the nature of the gas, this
yy Therefore, option (b) is correct. plasma has a glow of a particular color. The sun and stars
57. Answer: (b) also shine due to plasma. Plasma is formed in stars due to
high temperature. Hence statement 2 is correct.
Explanation:
yy Einstein is credited with explaining the photoelectric effect yy Therefore, option (a) is correct.
and inventing its law. For this work, he was also awarded 60. Answer: (d)
the Nobel Prize in the year 1921. In fact, the absorption
Explanation:
of energy from electromagnetic radiation of very short
wavelength by a substance results in the emission of Myopia
electrons from it. This is known as the photoelectric effect. yy Myopia is also called nearsightedness. A person with
This effect was first discovered by Heinrich Hertz in 1887. nearsightedness can see objects placed nearby clearly,
This phenomenon is also known as the Hertz effect. but he cannot see objects placed far away clearly. The far
yy Therefore, option (b) is correct. point of such a person with the defect comes near the eye
instead of being at infinity. Such a person can see clearly
58. Answer: (c)
only objects placed a few meters away. In a nearsighted
Explanation: eye, the image of a faraway object is formed in front of the
Radioactivity retina instead of on it.
yy Radioactivity was discovered in 1896 AD by French scientist yy The following are the reasons for the occurrence of
Henry Becquerel. Radioactivity is a nuclear phenomenon nearsightedness -
in which an unstable atom emits energy from its nucleus in hhExcessive curvature of the eye lens or elongation of the
the form of ionizing radiation [alpha (α), beta (β) and eyeball. This defect can be corrected by using a concave
gamma (y). Substances that keep emitting energy lens (diverging) of suitable power. A concave lens of
spontaneously are called radioactive. The nucleus of such suitable power brings the image of the object back to
substances is not stable and they keep emitting a certain the retina, and thus corrects this defect.

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 hhIn fact, the cause of farsightedness is excessive focal (gynecomastia i.e. enlargement of the male breasts like a
length of the eye lens and small size of the eyeball. woman). Such individuals are infertile.
yy Thus, option (d) is correct. yy Turner syndrome: This disorder is caused by the absence
of one X chromosome, i.e. the 45th chromosome (XO)
61. Answer: (a)
condition. Such females are infertile because the ovaries
Explanation: are short lived and there is an absence of secondary sexual
yy The Earth absorbs the heat received from the Sun and emits characteristics.
heat through radiation at night. In such a situation, the heat yy Therefore, option (b) is correct.
received by the Earth during the day and radiated at night is
reflected by clouds on cloudy nights, due to which cloudy 64. Answer: (d)
nights are warmer than nights with clear skies. Explanation:
yy Therefore, option (a) is correct. yy The correct matching is as follows:
62. Answer: (b) hhMeasles : It is caused by rubella virus.
hhChickenpox : It is caused by varicella-zoster virus.
Explanation:
hhPolio : It is caused by enterovirus infection.
Centripetal Force
hhRabies : It is caused by neurotropic virus.
yy A force acts on an object moving in a circular motion, whose
direction is always towards the centre of the circle, this force hhSmallpox : It is caused by variola virus.
is called 'centripetal force'. This force can be in any form yy Edward Jenner discovered the smallpox vaccine in 1798.
such as mechanical force, electrical force or magnetic force. yy Therefore, option (d) is correct.
The value of centripetal force is equal to the product of the
mass of the object and the centripetal acceleration. Hence 65. Answer: (c)
statement 1 is correct. Explanation:
yy Examples of centripetal force - yy Many viruses cause diseases in humans. One such group
hhCar turning on the road. of viruses is rhinovirus which causes the most infectious
hhCircular motion in an atom. disease in humans, common cold. Hence, statement 1 is
correct.
hhEarth's revolution around the sun.
yy They infect the nose and respiratory tract, but not the lungs.
hhMotion of a body tied to a string in a horizontal circle.
Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
yy In fact, washing machines, butter extracting machines from
milk etc. work on the principle of centrifugal force. Hence Other facts:
statement 2 is not correct. yy This disease has the characteristics of common cold. The
yy Therefore, option (b) is correct. disease causes nasal congestion and discharge, sore throat,
hoarseness or hoarseness of voice, cough, headache,
63. Answer: (b) tiredness etc. which usually last for 3-7 days. When droplets
Explanation: emitted from the cough or sneeze of an infected person
yy Down syndrome: This genetic disorder is caused by an are inhaled by a healthy person or come in contact with
extra copy of the 21st chromosome (trisomy of 21). This contaminated objects like pens, books, cups, doorknobs,
disorder was first discovered by Langdon Down (1866). computer keyboard or mouse, he also gets infected.
The patient is short in stature and has a small round head, yy Therefore, option (c) is correct.
a grooved tongue and partially open mouth, broad palms 66. Answer: (c)
with characteristic palm creases. Physical, psychomotor
and mental development is retarded. Explanation:
yy Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): This yy Each part of a flower has four whorls viz. calyx, corolla,
disease is caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). androecium and gynoecium.
HIV damages the immune system and reduces your body's hhCalyx: It is the outermost whorl of the flower and its unit
ability to fight infections and diseases. is called sepals. Usually sepals are like green leaves and
yy Klinefelter syndrome: This genetic disorder is caused by protect the flower in the bud stage. Calyx is a joint sepal
an extra copy of the X chromosome; which results in 47 (fused sepals) or a separate sepal (free sepals).
chromosomes (XXY) in the nucleus. Such individuals are hhCorolla: It is made up of petals. The petals are usually
overall male dominant but also show female characteristics brightly coloured. They attract insects for pollination.

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 Like calyx, corolla can also be joint sepal or separate released out. A pressure gradient is created between the
sepal. The shape and colour of corolla varies in plants. As lungs and atmosphere to take air into the lungs.
far as shape is concerned, it can be tubular, bell-shaped, yy Thus, regulation of oxygen between blood and tissues is
funnel-shaped and disc-shaped. done by internal respiration.
hhAndroecium: It is made up of stamens. Each stamen yy Inspiration can take place only when the pressure of air in
is the male reproductive organ of the flower. It consists the lungs (intrapulmonary pressure) is less than atmospheric
of one filament and one anther. Each anther is usually pressure i.e. the pressure of the lungs is less than atmospheric
bilobed and each lobe has two chambers, anthers. pressure. Thus, expiration takes place when intrapulmonary
The anther contains pollen grains. Sterile stamens are pressure is more than atmospheric pressure. The diaphragm
incapable of reproduction and are called staminate. and a specific group of muscles (the external and internal
hhGynoecium: It is the female reproductive organ of the intercostals) produce such gradients.
flower. It is formed by joining one or more carpels. The yy Therefore, option (b) is correct.
carpel has three parts, style, stigma and ovary.
69. Answer: (b)
yy Therefore, option (c) is correct.
Explanation:
67. Answer : (c)
yy Jaundice: In this the liver is affected. In jaundice the skin
Explanation : and eyes appear yellow due to the accumulation of bile
yy Blood: It is a special type of tissue in which fluid matrix, pigments.
plasma and other organized structures are found. yy Liver: It is the largest gland in the human body whose
yy Red blood corpuscles (erythrocytes), leucocytes and weight in an adult is about 1.2 to 1.5 kg. It is located in
platelets are collectively called organized substances and the abdomen just below the diaphragm and has two lobes.
they form about 45 percent of the blood. Erythrocyte or red yy Hepatic lobes are the structural and functional units of the
blood corpuscles are more in number than all other cells. In liver inside which the liver cells are arranged like cords.
a healthy human, these corpuscles are about 5 to 5.5 million Each lobule is covered with a thin layer of connective tissue
per cubic mm. Hence option (c) is not correct. called Glisson's capsule. Bile is secreted from the cells of
yy In a healthy human, about 12 to 16 grams of hemoglobin the liver which passes through the hepatic duct and gets
is found in every 100 ml of blood. These substances play concentrated and deposited in a thin muscular sac called
an important role in the transportation of respiratory gases. the gall bladder.
yy The average lifespan of red blood corpuscles is 120 days. yy The duct of the gallbladder joins the hepatic duct to form a
Thereafter, their destruction takes place in the spleen. main bile duct. The gallbladder duct and the pancreatic duct,
yy White blood: Leucocytes are also called white blood both together open into the duodenum through the hepatic
corpuscles due to the absence of hemoglobin and being pancreatic duct which is discharged from the sphincter of
colorless. Nuclei are found in them and their number is less Oddi.
than that of red blood corpuscles, on an average 6000-8000 yy Therefore, option (b) is correct.
per cubic mm of blood. Generally, they survive for a short 70. Answer: (b)
time, 2 to 4 days.
Explanation:
yy Plasma: This fluid is a light yellow coloured thick fluid,
which is about 55 percent of the blood volume. The fluid yy The correct sequence is-
contains 90-92 percent water and 6-8 percent protein hhIngestion - Digestion - Absorption - Assimilation -
substances. Fibrinogen, globulin and albumin are the main Excretion
proteins present in plasma. Fibrinogen is required for blood yy Digestion in Humans: We ingest food through our mouth,
clotting or coagulation. digest it and then use it. The undigested part of the food is
yy Therefore, option (c) is correct. expelled as faeces.
yy The food passes through a continuous tube starting from
68. Answer: (b)
the oral cavity and going up to the anus. This tube can be
Explanation: divided into different parts- (i) oral cavity (ii) oesophagus
yy Mechanism of respiration: Respiration involves two (iii) stomach (iv) small intestine (v) large intestine which
stages- inspiration and expiration. is connected to the rectum and (vi) anus.
yy Inspiration during which atmospheric air i.e. oxygen is yy All these parts together form the alimentary canal (digestive
drawn in and expiration during which pulmonary air is tract). As the food passes through different parts, digestion

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 of its different components also takes place sequentially. 73. Answer: (d)
Various glands associated with the inner wall of the stomach, Explanation:
small intestine and alimentary canal such as salivary glands,
yy The rate of evaporation depends on the following factors:
liver, pancreas secrete digestive juices. Digestive juices surface area exposed to the atmosphere, temperature,
convert complex substances into their simpler forms. These humidity and wind speed.
glands together perform the digestive system.
yy Evaporation produces cooling.
yy Therefore, option (b) is correct.
yy Therefore, option (d) is correct.
71. Answer: (a)
74. Answer: (a)
Explanation:
Explanation:
yy The entire outer surface of the plant is made up of epidermis
yy White blood: Leucocytes are also called white blood cells
cells. It protects all parts of the plant. Hence statement 1
due to the absence of hemoglobin and being colorless.
is correct.
Nuclei are found in them and their number is less than that
yy Epidermal cells often form a waxy water resistant layer on of red blood cells, on an average 6000-8000 per cubic mm
the outer surface of plants. of blood.
yy It protects plants against water loss, mechanical shock and yy Generally they live for a short time, 2 to 4 years.
entry of parasitic fungi. Hence statement 2 is correct. yy White blood contains neutrophils and monocytes (6-8
Other facts percent) which are predators that destroy foreign organisms
yy Most epidermal cells are relatively flat. Generally, their entering inside. Thus these blood cells are protective for
outer and lateral walls are thicker than their inner walls. the human body.
yy The epidermis of a leaf has small pores. These pores are yy So both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and R) is the
called stomata. Stomata are surrounded by two kidney- correct explanation of (A).
shaped cells called guard cells. These cells are necessary for yy Basophils secrete histamine, serotonin, heparin etc. and
the exchange of gases with the atmosphere. Transpiration are involved in inflammatory activities. Eosinophils (2-3
(release of water in the form of vapour) also takes place percent) protect against infection and are involved in allergic
through stomata. reactions. Lymphocytes (20-25 percent) are mainly of two
yy Therefore, option (a) is correct. types. B and T - both types of lymphocytes are responsible
for the body's immunity.
72. Answer: (d) yy Therefore, option (a) is correct.
Explanation: 75. Answer: (a)
yy The external structure of a virus is made up of protein. Apart
from this, it also contains genetic material, which can be Explanation:
RNA or DNA. yy Frog is an animal that lives in both fresh water and land and
belongs to the Amphibia class of the Vertebrate phylum.
yy No virus contains both RNA and DNA as genetic material.
The common species of frog found in India is Rana tigrina.
yy Assertion (A) is correct, but reason (R) is incorrect.
yy Its body temperature is not constant. The body temperature
Other facts keeps changing according to the temperature of the
yy The nucleus protein of a virus and its genetic material is environment.
infectious. yy Hence, both statements 1 and 2 are correct.
yy Almost all plant viruses contain single-stranded RNA, and Other facts:
all animal viruses contain single or double-stranded RNA
yy Such animals are called poikilotherms. You must have
or DNA.
seen the color of frogs changing when they are on grass
yy Virus means poison or toxic liquid. Dmitry Ivanovski and moist ground. They have the ability to change colour
(1892) identified the germs of mosaic disease of tobacco to hide from their enemies, which is called camouflage.
and named them viruses. This protective colour change process is called mimicry.
yy W.M. Stanley (1935) showed that viruses can be crystallized You must have also observed that frogs are not visible in
and these crystals consist mainly of proteins. They are winter and summer. During this period, they go into deep
inactive outside their specific host cell. Viruses are obligate pits to protect themselves from cold and heat. This process
parasites. is called hibernation and aestivation respectively.
yy Therefore, option (d) is correct. yy Therefore, option (a) is correct.

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 76. Answer: (a) Tamarind : Tartaric acid
Explanation: Tomato : Oxalic acid
yy Aqua regia (Latin word for royal water) is a fresh mixture Sour milk (curd) : Lactic acid
of concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric Lemon : Citric acid
acid in the ratio of 3:1. Ant sting : Methanoic acid
yy It is a burning hot liquid. Nettle sting : Methanoic acid
yy It is a strong corrosive element along with being irritating. yy Therefore, option (b) is correct.
yy It is one of the reagents that is capable of melting gold and 81. Answer: (c)
platinum.
Explanation:
yy Therefore, option (a) is correct.
yy A scale was developed to measure the concentration of
77. Answer: (c) hydrogen ions present in a solution, which is called pH scale.
Explanation: yy In this pH, p is the indicator, ‘Potenz’ which is a German
word, means ‘power’.
yy Different metals show different reactivity with oxygen.
yy Usually, pH can be measured from zero (more acidity) to
yy At normal temperature, a thin layer of oxide forms on the
14 (more alkaline) using this pH scale.
surface of metals like magnesium, aluminium, zinc, lead etc.
yy The pH value is a number, which shows the acidity or
This layer of oxide protects the metals from re-oxidation.
alkalinity of a solution.
yy Some metals like potassium and sodium react so rapidly that yy The higher the concentration of hydronium ions, the lower
they catch fire if kept in the open. Therefore, to keep them will be its pH.
safe and to prevent accidental fire, they are kept immersed
yy The pH value of any neutral solution will be 7. If the value
in kerosene oil. of a solution is less than 7 on the pH scale, it will be an
yy Therefore, option (c) is correct. acidic solution.
78. Answer: (c) yy If the pH value increases from 7 to 14, the basicity increases.
Explanation: yy Therefore, option (c) is correct.
yy Bromine is a non-metal that is liquid. 82. Answer: (d)
yy Apart from this, all non-metals are either solids or gases. Explanation:
Some examples of non-metals are carbon, sulphur, iodine, yy Many natural substances; such as the coloured petals of
oxygen, hydrogen etc. many flowers like red cabbage, turmeric, hydrangea, petunia
yy Therefore, option (c) is correct. and geranium, litmus indicate the presence of acid and base
79. Answer: (a) in a solution.
yy Litmus is a natural acid-base indicator.
Explanation:
yy Litmus solution is a purple coloured dye extracted from
yy On heating gypsum at 373K, it loses water molecules and
lichen plant of Thallophyta group.
forms calcium sulphate hemihydrate (CaSO4- H2O).
yy When litmus solution is neither acidic nor basic, it is purple
yy This is called plaster of Paris.
in colour.
yy Doctors use it to fix broken bones in the right place.
yy Therefore, option (d) is correct.
yy It is used for making toys, decorative items and to make
surfaces smooth. 83. Answer: (a)
yy Plaster of Paris is a white powder which on adding water Explanation:
again turns into gypsum and gives a hard solid substance. yy Calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) solution is used for
yy Therefore, option (a) is correct. whitewashing walls.
80. Answer: (b) yy Calcium hydroxide reacts slowly with carbon dioxide
present in air to form a thin layer of calcium carbonate on
Explanation: the walls.
(Natural Source) (Acid) yy After two-three days of whitewashing, calcium carbonate
Vinegar : Acetic acid is formed and this makes the walls shine.
Orange : Citric acid yy Therefore, option (a) is correct.

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 84. Answer: (d) yy Vitamin K deficiency causes increased blood clotting time.
Explanation: yy Therefore, option (d) is correct.
yy The process of sublimation is used to separate mixtures 88. Answer: (a)
containing sublimable components from non-sublimable
Explanation:
impurities (salt in this case).
yy Carbohydrates are stored in the human body in the form
yy Ammonium chloride, camphor, naphthalene and anthracene
of glycogen.
etc. are some examples of sublimable solids.
yy Since its structure is similar to amylopectin, it is also called
yy Therefore, option (d) is correct.
human starch and it is more branched than amylopectin.
85. Answer: (c) yy It is present in liver, muscles and brain.
Explanation: yy When the body needs glucose, enzymes break down
yy Brass is a mixture of zinc (about 30%) and copper (about glycogen into glucose.
70%). yy Glycogen is also found in yeast and fungi.
yy Alloys are homogeneous mixtures of metals which cannot yy Therefore, option (a) is correct.
be separated into components by physical action but are still
89. Answer: (a)
considered as mixtures because they show the properties of
their components and have different compositions. Explanation:
yy Therefore, option (c) is correct. yy Water is of two types-
hhHard water: Hard water does not produce foam with
86. Answer: (b)
soap. Chlorides, sulphates and bicarbonates of calcium
Explanation: and magnesium are dissolved in it. Hard water is not
yy Glycerol is added to shaving soaps or creams to prevent suitable for drinking, because the salts dissolved in it
them from drying quickly. Hence statement 1 is correct. are harmful for health.
yy A gum called rosin is added while making them. This forms hhSoft water: Soft water easily produces foam with soap.
sodium rosinate, which forms good foam. Hence statement This water is suitable for drinking.
2 is not correct.
yy Therefore, option (a) is correct.
yy Additional ingredients like sodium rosinate, sodium silicate,
borax and sodium carbonate are added to washing soaps. 90. Answer: (a)
yy Therefore, option (b) is correct. Explanation:
87. Answer: (d) yy Dichloromethane (methylene chloride) is used extensively
as a solvent, in paint adsorbents, as a propellant in aerosols
Explanation:
and as a solvent in the process of drug manufacturing.
yy Vitamin A deficiency causes xerophthalmia (hardening of
the cornea of the eye), night blindness yy Trichloromethane (chloroform) is used as a solvent for
yy Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) deficiency causes beriberi, loss of fats, alkaloids, iodine and other substances. At present, it
appetite is mainly used in making Freon refrigerant R-22.
yy Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) deficiency causes cheilosis (cracks yy Tetrachloromethane (carbon tetrachloride) is used in making
on the corners of the mouth and lips) refrigerants and in the production of propellant for aerosol
yy Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) deficiency causes cramps cans.
yy Vitamin B12 deficiency causes systemic anaemia, lack of yy Freon is used in aerosol propellants, refrigerants and air
haemoglobin in RBCs cooling.
yy Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) deficiency causes scurvy yy Therefore, option (a) is correct.
(bleeding gums) 91. Answer: (b)
yy Vitamin D deficiency causes rickets (bone deformity in
children) and osteomalacia (joint pain and osteomalacia Explanation:
in adults) yy The Uttar Pradesh government has launched the ' Van Mitra'
yy Vitamin E deficiency causes increased friability of RBCs scheme under the Tree Plantation Mass Campaign-2024.
and muscle weakness yy The Tree Plantation Mass Campaign will start from July 20.

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 yy Under this campaign, tree plantation will be done in 35 95. Answer: (c)
districts of Uttar Pradesh. Explanation:
yy Its target is to plant 35 crore saplings in Uttar Pradesh. yy Hyderabad-based Bharat Biotech International Limited
yy The Uttar Pradesh Forest Department is the nodal agency has launched the oral cholera vaccine (OCV) 'Hillchol'
for implementing the Van Mitra scheme under the Tree (BBV131). It has been developed under license from
Plantation Mass Campaign-2024. Hillman Laboratories.
yy Therefore, option (b) is correct. yy According to the father of the vaccine, Jan Holmgren, this is
an important milestone in global cholera prevention efforts.
92. Answer: (c) The World Health Organization (WHO) has set a target of
Explanation: eliminating cholera by the year 2030.
yy The Green Strategic Partnership between the Governments Features of Hillchol Vaccine
of India and Denmark has led to significant collaboration, yy High quality: The multi-stage clinical evaluation process
resulting in the establishment of the Smart Laboratory on has confirmed the safety, immunogenicity and higher quality
Clean Rivers (SLCR) in Varanasi. of the vaccine compared to existing OCVs. It is capable of
providing immunity against new strains of cholera.
yy This alliance is a unique tripartite initiative between the
yy Safe for all age groups: The Hillchol vaccine is given in
Government of India (Department of Water Resources,
two doses with a gap of 14 days. It is suitable for all people
River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation), Indian
above one year of age.
Institute of Technology- Banaras Hindu University (IIT-
yy Therefore, option (c) is correct.
BHU) and the Government of Denmark, aimed at bringing
excellence in the conservation and management of small 96. Answer: (a)
rivers. Explanation:
yy Therefore, option (c) is correct. yy The US-based Space Exploration and Research Agency
(SERA) on Monday declared India as a partner country in
93. Answer: (a)
its human spaceflight programme, under which six civilian
Explanation: astronauts from across the world will be sent to space.
yy South Africa is the world's most carbon-intensive major yy The programme, being implemented in collaboration with
economy and one of the top 15 greenhouse gas emitters. Blue Origin, is for people from countries that have sent
yy South Africa's President Cyril Ramaphosa has recently 'very few or no astronauts' to space.
signed a new Climate Change Act, the first law of its kind yy Therefore, option (a) is correct.
for the country. 97. Answer: (b)
yy The law aims to reduce the country's greenhouse gas Explanation:
emissions and mitigate and adapt to the effects of climate yy The International Olympic Committee (IOC) has decided
change already present in the global system. to award the hosting rights of the 2030 Winter Olympic
yy Therefore, option (a) is correct. Games to France, but has also attached some conditions.
These games will be held in the French Alps.
94. Answer: (b)
yy Therefore, option (b) is correct.
Explanation:
98. Answer: (c)
yy Union Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate
Change Bhupendra Yadav on August 5, 2024 declared Explanation:
Adichunchanagiri in Karnataka and Choolaannur in Kerala yy According to the information given by the Uttar Pradesh
as peacock sanctuaries. government on August 24, 2024, the state's first integrated
green urban road will be built in Meerut under the Chief
yy Adichunchanagiri Peacock Sanctuary was established in Minister Green Road Infrastructure Development Scheme
Nagamangala taluk of Mandya district in Karnataka in 1981 (CM-GRIDS).
due to the increasing population of peacocks. yy This green road project will be longer than 2.15 km.
yy The local name of Choolaannur Peacock Sanctuary is yy The project is expected to be completed by June 2026.
Mayiladunpara. yy The estimated cost of this project is Rs 40 crore.
yy Therefore, option (b) is correct. yy Therefore, option (c) is correct.

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 99. Answer: (d) 103. Answer: (b)
Explanation: Explanation:
yy Nagaland has become the first state in the country to yy Suspended particulate matter is a heterogeneous mixture
implement Disaster Risk Transfer Parametric Insurance in which the solute particles do not dissolve but remain
Solution (DRTPS). suspended in the entire medium.
yy On August 2, 2024, the Nagaland government and SBI yy Properties of suspension -
General Insurance signed the MoU for DRTPS. hhIt is a heterogeneous mixture.
yy The objective of DRTPS is to protect critical infrastructure hhThese particles can be seen with the naked eye.
and reduce economic losses caused by extreme weather hhThese suspended particles scatter the beam of light,
events. making its path visible.
yy The insurance premium paid by the Nagaland government hhWhen it is left still, these particles settle down i.e. the
will cover the costs in case of a disaster in 3 years (2024-27). suspension is temporary. These particles can be separated
yy Therefore, option (d) is correct. from the mixture by filtration.
hhWhen all the particles settle down, the suspension ends
100. Answer: (d) and the scattering of the beam of light in the solution
Explanation: stops.
yy Senior Bharatiya Janata Party leader and former Sitapur yy Therefore, option (b) is correct.
MP Rajesh Verma has been nominated as the chairman of 104. Answer: (a)
the Uttar Pradesh State Backward Classes Commission.
Explanation:
yy Sohan Lal Shrimali of Mirzapur and Surya Prakash Pal of
yy Due to the physiological process, we sweat more in
Rampur have been nominated as vice-chairmen. Apart from
summers, which gives us coolness.
this, 24 members have also been made.
yy During evaporation, the particles on the surface of the
yy Therefore, option (d) is correct. liquid get energy from our body or surroundings and turn
101. Answer: (d) into vapor.
Explanation: yy Thermal energy equal to the latent heat of vaporization is
absorbed from our body, which makes the body cool.
yy At high altitudes, the partial pressure of oxygen is less than
at the surface. Therefore, the concentration of oxygen in yy Since cotton clothes have high water absorption, our
sweat gets absorbed in it and easily evaporates into the
the blood and tissues of people living at these places and
atmosphere.
climbers becomes low.
yy Therefore, option (a) is correct.
yy This causes climbers to become weak and unable to think
clearly. 105. Answer: (a)
yy These symptoms are called anoxia. Explanation:
yy Therefore, option (d) is correct. yy Phenol, also known as carbolic acid, was first prepared from
coal tar in the early nineteenth century.
102. Answer: (d)
yy Nowadays phenol is produced industrially by synthesis.
Explanation: yy In the laboratory, phenol can be obtained from benzene
yy Due to osmosis, wilted flowers become fresh again when derivatives by any of the following methods: chlorobenzene,
kept in water. benzene sulphonic acid, diazonium, cumene.
yy The movement of water from the soil to the roots of the yy Therefore, option (a) is correct.
plant and then to the upper parts of the plant is partly due
106. Answer: (a)
to osmosis.
Explanation:
yy Preservation of meat by adding salt and preservation of fruits
by adding sugar prevents the action of bacteria. Graphite
yy Due to osmosis, the bacterium attached to meat kept in salt yy It is soft.
and fruits kept in sugar shrinks due to loss of water and dies. yy It is a good conductor of electricity.
yy Therefore, option (d) is correct. yy It leaves a black mark on rubbing on paper.

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 yy Its relative density is 2.2. 109. Answer: (a)
yy The structure of its particles is in the form of hexagonal Explanation:
lattice surface.
Viscosity
yy Its jewellery is not made.
yy Fluids have the property of flowing which is called fluidity.
yy It is opaque and ash coloured. When a liquid flows, there is a frictional force between its
yy Therefore, option (a) is correct. two consecutive layers which opposes their relative motion,
107. Answer: (b) this is called 'Viscous Force'. The opposite of fluidity is
viscosity, that is, the opposition to the property of flow in
Explanation: liquids is called 'viscosity'. It creates resistance in motion.
yy The correct matching is as follows - In other words, the property of a liquid due to which it
(Instrument) (Conversion of energy) opposes the relative motion between its adjacent layers is
hhElectric bulb : Electrical energy into heat and light called 'viscosity'.
energy yy Viscosity is a property of fluids (liquids and gases). It arises
hhElectric cell : Chemical energy into electrical due to the force of attraction (cohesive force) between their
energy molecules and friction between molecular chains. The
viscosity of liquids is more than that of gases.
hhSolar cell : Light energy into electrical energy
yy Generally, the viscosity of thin liquids like water, alcohol
hhCandle : Chemical energy into heat energy etc. is less than that of thick liquids like honey, coal tar,
hhPhotoelectric cell : Light energy into electrical energy blood, glycerine etc. This is the reason why water flows at
hhDynamo : Mechanical energy into electrical a fast speed while honey flows at a slow speed. If steel balls
energy are made to move in both these liquids (water and honey),
hhElectric motor : Electrical energy into mechanical they move fast in water while they move slowly in honey.
energy yy In fact, on increasing temperature, the viscosity of liquids
hhLoudspeaker : Electrical energy into sound energy decreases while that of gases increases. The viscosity of an
ideal liquid is zero.
hhMicrophone : Sound energy into electrical energy
yy Therefore, option (a) is correct.
hhSitar : Mechanical energy into sound
energy 110. Answer: (a)
hhEngine : Heat energy into mechanical energy Explanation:
hhBurning of coal : Chemical energy into heat energy Buoyant Force
yy Therefore, option (b) is correct. yy An upward force acts on an object inside a fluid which helps
the object to rise or float, it is called 'Upthrust' or 'Buoyant
108. Answer: (c)
Force'. Hence statement 1 is correct.
Explanation: yy This force acts on the centre of gravity of the fluid displaced
National Physical Laboratory (CSIR-NPL), New Delhi by the objects which is called the 'Centre of Buoyancy'.
yy The National Physical Laboratory (NPL) was conceived in It was first studied by Archimedes. Hence statement 2 is
1943 by the Governing Body of the Council of Scientific correct.
and Industrial Research (CSIR). This premier laboratory yy Therefore, option (a) is correct.
has been mandated by an Act of Parliament to become the 111. Answer: (a)
‘National Measurement Institute’ (NMI) of India and is the
custodian of ‘National Standards’ with the responsibility Explanation:
of disseminating measurements according to the needs of Laws of Flotation
the country. yy When an object floats in a balanced state, it displaces a
yy CSIR-NPL maintains the Indian Standard Time (IST). liquid equal to its weight.
Accurate and precise measurements are essential for driving yy The center of gravity of the solid and the center of gravity of
the growth engines of Indian science and industry as it the removed liquid should both be in the same vertical line.
removes clutter and promotes innovations, which, in turn, yy The buoyancy force acting on an object whose density is
will save precious lives, resources and time. greater than that of the liquid will be less than its weight
yy Therefore, option (c) is correct. and that object will sink.

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 yy The buoyancy force acting on an object whose density is yy In distance and time measurement, in taking 3D pictures, in
less than that of the liquid will be greater than its weight due determining flight path and in industrial and defense sector.
to its greater volume and that object will continue to float. yy As motivation or catalysis in chemical reactions.
Example yy In the health and medical field, in diagnosis of diseases, in
yy A piece of iron sinks in water, while it floats on mercury cancer treatment, in removing blockage in the arteries of
because the density of iron is less than that of mercury but the heart, in removing eye disorders and in the treatment
more than that of water. of gall bladder and kidney stones.
yy It is easier to float in sea water than in river water because yy Therefore, option (a) is correct.
the density of river water is less than that of sea water. 114. Answer: (a)
yy A balloon filled with hydrogen gas keeps rising in the Explanation:
atmosphere because its average density is less than that yy The coal or tar burning in the brazier is sometimes bright
of air. like red colour and gives heat without flame. This is because
yy The density of ice is less than that of water, so ice floats flame is produced only when gaseous substances are burnt.
on water. yy When wood or tar is burnt, the volatile substances present
yy Therefore, option (a) is correct. in it get vaporised and initially burn with flame.
112. Answer: (d) yy Therefore, option (a) is correct.
Explanation: 115. Answer: (a)
Cobalt-60 Explanation:
yy This is a man-made isotope. It is a member of the transition yy Iron is the most used metal.
metal group. yy It is never used in its pure state. This is because pure iron
yy This metal is hard, shiny and grey-silver in colour. is very soft and is easily stretched when heated.
yy It also harms human health. Prolonged exposure to gamma yy If a little carbon (about 0.05 per cent) is added to it, it
radiation emitted by it increases the risk of cancer. becomes hard and strong.
yy By adding nickel and chromium to iron, we get stainless
Uses
steel which is hard and does not rust.
yy In cancer treatment.
yy Therefore, option (a) is correct.
yy In industrial radiography (to detect defects in building
structures). 116. Answer: (c)
yy In functions like sanitation of medical equipment and smoke Explanation:
detectors, radioactive tracers, food and blood irradiation. yy Genetic disorders: In human society, the disorders which
yy Therefore, option (d) is correct. are inherited or run from generation to generation are called
genetic disorders.
113. Answer: (a)
yy Haemophilia, thalassemia and colour blindness, all three are
Explanation: genetic disorders which run from generation to generation.
Laser (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of yy Haemophilia: In this, the disease is transmitted from an
Radiation-LASER) unaffected female carrier to the male offspring. In this
yy The literal meaning of laser is amplification of light by disease, a single protein related to blood clotting is affected.
stimulated emission of radiation. It was discovered in yy This single protein is only a part of a protein chain. Due to
America by Theodore H. Maiman. In fact, laser based on this, even a small injury to the body of the injured person
light waves is a device in which monochromatic light is does not stop the flow of blood.
obtained by stimulated emission of radiation. The frequency
yy Thalassemia: This is also a recessive gene blood disorder
of laser waves is the same. Hence statement 1 is correct.
attached to the autosome chromosome which is inherited
Uses of laser from parents to offspring, while both the members of the
yy In collecting and storing data on CD/DVD. parent pair remain unaffected due to being carriers (or
yy Optical information processing made from the combination heterozygous) of the recessive gene.
of optical fiber and semiconductor laser is used in finger yy This disorder results from either a mutation or deletion in
print identification and in processing the pictures taken by which the synthesis rate of one of the globin chains (and)
satellites and aircrafts. that make up haemoglobin is reduced.

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 yy This results in deformed haemoglobin synthesis and 119. Answer: (d)
anaemia, which is the characteristic feature of this disease. Explanation:
yy Colour blindness: This is a sex-linked recessive disorder. yy Blood group: Human blood differs in some ways even
This disorder is caused by defective red or green colour- though it looks similar. Blood is grouped in many ways. Two
sensing cones. As a result, the individual is unable to of these groups, ABO and Rh, are used all over the world.
differentiate between red and green colour.
yy ABO group mainly depends on the presence or absence
yy Filariasis: This disease is caused by parasitic worms that are of two antigens on the surface of red blood cells. These
spread by the bite of blood-sucking insects. This debilitating antigens are A and B which induce immune response.
group of diseases includes river blindness and lymphatic Similarly, two types of natural antibodies are found in
filariasis (commonly known as elephantiasis). different individuals. Antibodies are protein substances that
yy Therefore, option (c) is correct. are produced against antigens. There are four blood groups
117. Answer: (b) in humans, A, B, AB, and O.
yy The blood groups of the donor and the recipient should
Explanation:
be carefully matched before transfusion to avoid serious
yy Salmonella typhi is a pathogenic bacterium that causes complications like blood coagulation and destruction of
typhoid fever in humans. RBCs.
yy This pathogen usually enters the small intestine through yy It is clear from the above table that blood group O is a
contaminated food and water and from there spreads to universal donor which can provide blood to all blood groups.
other parts of the body through the blood. Hence, option Blood group AB is a universal recipient which can receive
(b) is not correct. blood from all types of blood groups.
yy Some common symptoms of this disease are persistent yy Therefore, option (d) is correct.
high fever (39° to 40°C), weakness, abdominal pain,
constipation, headache and loss of appetite. 120. Answer: (c)
yy In severe cases, bowel perforation and death may occur. Explanation:
yy Typhoid fever can be confirmed by Widal test. yy Erythrocytes or red blood cells are more in number than all
other cells. In a healthy human being, these cells are about
yy A well-known case in medicine is that of Mary Mallon
5 to 5.5 million per cubic mm.
(nicknamed Typhoid Mary) which is worth mentioning
here. She was a cook by profession and continued to spread yy Red blood cells in humans are formed in the red bone
typhoid as a typhoid vector for years through the food she marrow.
cooked. yy Red blood cells of most mammals do not have nuclei and
yy Therefore, option (b) is correct. their shape is biconcave.
yy So, both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but (R) does
118. Answer: (c)
not explain (A) correctly.
Explanation:
Other facts
yy High blood pressure (hypertension): This is the condition
yy Their red colour is due to the presence of an iron-containing
of blood pressure in which the blood pressure is more than
complex protein haemoglobin. In a healthy human being,
normal (120/80).
about 12 to 16 grams of haemoglobin is found in every
yy In this parameter, 120 mm. Hg (pressure in millimeters 100 ml of blood. These substances play an important role
of mercury) is called systolic or pumping pressure and 80 in the transport of respiratory gases. The average lifespan
mm. Hg is called diastolic or resting (spontaneous) blood of red blood cells is 120 days. These are then destroyed in
pressure. Hence statement 1 is correct. the spleen (graveyard of red blood cells).
yy If a person's blood pressure is 140/90 or more even after yy There are two types of bone marrow: red and yellow. Red
repeated measurements, then he shows hypertension. Hence bone marrow contains blood stem cells that can become
statement 2 is not correct. red blood cells, white blood cells or platelets. Yellow bone
yy High blood pressure gives rise to heart diseases and affects marrow is composed mostly of fat and contains stem cells
other important organs such as brain and kidney. that can become cartilage, fat or bone cells.
yy Therefore, option (c) is correct. yy Therefore, option (c) is correct.

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 121. Answer: (d) collide with the object and return in the form of an echo,
Explanation: with the help of which we get information about the actual
position of the object submerged in the ocean.
yy Inadequate intake of protein and total dietary calories/
malnutrition is a widespread problem in many less yy Therefore, option (d) is correct.
developed areas of South and Southeast Asia, South 124. Answer: (a)
America and West and Central Africa.
Explanation:
yy Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) affects infants and yy Adding any impurity like salt to water increases its boiling
children and causes marasmus and kwashiorkar.
point. On the other hand, adding impurities generally
yy Marasmus is caused by a simultaneous deficiency of both decreases the melting point. Adding some salt, saltpeter
protein and calories. This disorder is usually found in infants etc. to ice melting at 0°C reduces the melting point of ice
below 1 year of age. The main reason for this is giving the from 0°C to -22°C.
baby a diet with low protein and low calorie value instead of
yy Therefore, option (a) is correct.
mother's milk. The main reason for this is often pregnancy
or birth of a baby after a short interval, while the older child 125. Answer: (a)
is very young. Explanation:
yy Hence, Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
Plane mirror
Other facts yy This is a form of mirror whose reflecting surface is
yy Due to protein deficiency in Marasmus, growth slows down completely flat. For its manufacture, a thin layer of metal
and protein displacement of tissues, the body becomes very is applied on one surface of a plane glass sheet, so that the
emaciated and hands and feet become very thin, the skin decay of the ray can be prevented. Generally, the reflecting
becomes dry, thin and wrinkled. The rate of growth and body surface is made by applying a coating of silver or mercury
weight decreases a lot. The growth and development of the on one surface of the glass. The image obtained from a plane
brain also slows down a lot. Mental ability also becomes mirror is always virtual and erect. The size of the image is
unbalanced. exactly equal to the size of the object. Hence statement 1
yy Therefore, option (d) is correct. is correct.
122. Answer: (d) yy Since the field of view of a convex mirror is very large, it
Explanation: is used at blind turns in roads. Hence statement 2 is correct.
yy Lichens are symbiotic associations of algae and fungi, i.e. yy Therefore, option (a) is correct.
mutually beneficial associations. The algal component 126. Answer: (d)
is called algal part and the fungal component is called
Explanation:
mycophyte, which are autotrophic and heterotrophic
respectively. yy When the light spectrum strikes an object, that object
reflects one or more of the seven colours of the spectrum.
yy Algae synthesize food for the fungus and the fungus
Thus, the colour reflected by the object is the colour that
provides shelter to the algae and absorbs minerals and
the object appears to us to be of. For example, the colour
water. Their association is so close that if one sees lichens in
nature, it is impossible to guess that there are two different of leaves appears ‘green’ because the leaves reflect only the
organisms in it. green colour from the colours of the light spectrum, while
absorbing the rest of the colours.
yy Lichens are very good indicators of air pollution because
they do not grow in polluted areas. yy It is worth noting that some objects do not reflect any of the
seven colours of the light spectrum, but absorb all of them.
yy Hence, Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
In such a case, those objects appear ‘black’ to us. ‘Black’
yy Therefore, option (d) is correct.
is not actually a colour, rather it indicates the absence of all
123. Answer: (d) kinds of colours. On the contrary, when an object reflects all
Explanation: the colours of the light spectrum, then that object appears
white because all the colours of the light spectrum combined
yy SONAR (Sound Navigation And Ranging) is used by
navigators. With the help of sonar, high frequency ultrasonic together represent white colour.
waves are sent into the depths of the ocean to know the yy (A) is true, but (R) is false.
position of an object submerged in the ocean. These waves yy Therefore, option (d) is correct.

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 127. Answer: (b) yy Protein is required for the growth of the body and to stay
healthy. Food containing protein is often called 'body
Explanation:
enhancing food'.
yy The values of Celsius, Fahrenheit, Reaumur scale are
yy Vitamins protect our body from diseases. Vitamins also
negative whereas the value of Kelvin scale is not negative.
help in keeping our eyes, bones, teeth and gums healthy.
yy In fact, two fixed reference points are required to determine yy Therefore, option (c) is correct.
the scale for a standard thermometer. These points are
always related to physical phenomena occurring at the same 131. Answer: (a)
temperature. Generally, the freezing point and boiling point Explanation:
of water are given some numerical values on different scales yy Recently the Indian Army has started 'Project Naman'.
and the difference between these values is shown in degrees. yy The project has been launched to provide support and
yy Therefore, option (b) is correct. services to Defence pensioners, ex-servicemen and their
families by setting up touch-centric Common Service
128. Answer: (d) Centres (CSCs) across India.
Explanation: Key Features:
yy According to Lamarck, a French naturalist before Darwin, yy Ease of Pension Processes: Project Naman SPARSH
life forms evolved due to the use and disuse of their organs, (System for Pension Administration Raksha) focuses on
for example, giraffe. implementation of a digital pension system that eases
yy The giraffe adapted by increasing the length of its neck to pension processes for Defence pensioners.
graze on the leaves of the tops of tall trees. yy It provides for touch-enabled pension services, Government
to Citizen (G2C) services and Business to Consumer (B2C)
yy The ability to have a long neck was passed on to its
services to ex-servicemen, pensioners, martyr widows and
subsequent progeny and over the years, the giraffe gradually
family members of martyrs, all at one convenient location.
acquired such a long neck.
yy Setting up of Facilitation Centres: In the first phase of
yy Therefore, option (d) is correct. Project Naman, 14 CSCs have been set up at prominent
129. Answer: (d) locations across India. The project is to be expanded with
plans to set up around 200 centres across the country in the
Explanation: next 2-3 years.
yy The correct matching is as follows - yy Entrepreneurial opportunities: There is a provision for
   (Vitamin) (Symptom) selection of a village level entrepreneur to manage each
hhVitamin A : Poor eyesight CSC, to be selected from among the ex-servicemen or their
families by the concerned local military authorities.
hhVitamin B : Decreased energy to work
yy Therefore, option (a) is correct.
hhVitamin C : Wounds take longer to heal
132. Answer: (b)
hhVitamin K : Blood visible in urine or stool
Explanation:
yy Therefore, option (d) is correct.
yy On August 2, 2024, Germany officially joined the United
130. Answer: (c) Nations Command (UNC) as the 18th member country,
Explanation: boosting the international presence that monitors the
fortified border with North Korea and is committed to
yy There are some essential components for our body. We call
defending South Korea in the event of conflict.
these components nutrients. The sequence of main nutrients
yy The UN Command was established on July 7, 1950,
in our food is carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins and
following the UN's recognition of North Korean aggression
mineral salts. against South Korea.
yy Apart from this, our food also includes roughage and water, yy UN Security Council Resolutions 83 and 84 gave member
which are required by our body. nations the international legal authority to restore peace
yy There are many types of carbohydrates. The main carbohydrates on the Korean Peninsula, and they designated the United
found in our food are in the form of starch and sugar. States as the leader of the unified command we know as
yy Food containing carbohydrates and fats is also called 'energy the UN Command.
giving food'. yy Therefore, option (b) is correct.

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 133. Answer: (a) yy This is the first visit of an Indian President to Fiji and
Explanation: Timor-Leste.
yy The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) yy Fiji is a country in the South Pacific Ocean, northeast of
launched an AI-powered chatbot called ‘SEVA’, designed New Zealand and southwest of the Hawaiian Islands. It does
to assist investors with a range of tasks. It aims to enhance not share land borders with any other country.
investors’ experience and increase their access to important yy Timor Leste is a country located on the eastern side of the
market information. island of Timor in Southeast Asia. It is also called East
yy The SEVA chatbot is an artificial intelligence-enabled Timor. The western part of Timor Island is called West
Timor, which is part of Indonesia.
chatbot that will answer certain queries of investors.
According to SEBI, the chatbot will have several features, yy Therefore, option (d) is correct.
such as providing quotes, answering follow-up questions 137. Answer: (c)
and the ability to convert speech-to-text and text-to-speech.
Explanation:
The Sewa chatbot will enable users to ask questions about
yy Prime Minister Narendra Modi unveiled new coconut
the securities market and SEBI’s Grievance Redressal
varieties (Kalpa Suvarna and Kalpa Shatabdi) and coco
Platform (SCORES).
varieties of CPCRI.
yy Therefore, option (a) is correct.
yy ‘Kalpa Suvarna’ is a dwarf, high yielding, dual purpose
134. Answer: (b) coconut variety with green coloured, oblong fruits,
Explanation: sweet tender coconut water and good quality copra. This
yy The World Wide Web (WWW), also known as the Web, early flowering variety (30-36 months after planting) is
suitable for processing for tender coconut water and copra
is a vast collection of information on the Internet. That is,
production. Under good care this variety yields 108-130
the World Wide Web (WWW) is a network of online pages,
nuts per palm per year. CPCRI recommends its cultivation
which are connected to each other through hyperlinks. A
in Kerala and Karnataka.
group of these pages together forms a website. To view a
web page, the URL (Uniform Resource Locator) has to be yy Therefore, option (c) is correct.
entered in the search box of the browser. After this, that 138. Answer: (c)
page is accessed using the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
Explanation:
(HTTP) and this entire process is completed through the
yy A total of 117 Indian athletes were part of the contingent
World Wide Web.
that went to Paris Olympics, 2024 to win medals and glory
yy World Wide Web Day is celebrated all over the world on 1 for the country.
August every year. This day underlines the important role
yy India won six medals at Paris Olympics, 2024, including
of the web in our lives.
one silver and five bronze.
yy Therefore, option (b) is correct. yy Manu Bhaker won the first medal for India at Paris 2024
135. Answer: (d) Olympics. She won a bronze medal and became the first
Indian woman to win an Olympic shooting medal.
Explanation:
yy She created history by becoming the first Indian to win two
yy Rajya Sabha MP Parimal Nathwani presented the first
medals in a single edition of the Olympics after winning
copy of his new book 'Call of the Gir' on Asiatic lions and
a bronze medal in the mixed team 10m air pistol with
conservation efforts to Prime Minister Narendra Modi at a
Sarabjot Singh.
small family function held at the Prime Minister's residence
on July 31. yy Swapnil Kusale won the third medal in shooting to make
it India's greatest achievement in a sport at a single edition
yy Prime Minister Narendra Modi has praised the book 'Call of of the Olympics.
the Gir' written by Rajya Sabha member Parimal Nathwani.
yy The Indian men's hockey team equalled their Tokyo 2020
yy Therefore, option (d) is correct. success with a bronze medal in Paris.
136. Answer: (d) yy Neeraj Chopra became the most successful individual
Explanation: Olympian after winning a silver medal in javelin throw.
yy Indian President Draupadi Murmu paid a state visit to Fiji, yy Aman Sehrawat became India's youngest Olympic medalist
New Zealand and Timor Leste from August 5 to 10. by winning a bronze medal in wrestling.

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 yy The People's Republic of China finished first by winning yy Ladakh is a very large union territory in terms of area. It is
a total of 91 medals (40 gold, 27 silver, 24 bronze). While one of the least populated areas of India.
India ranked 71st in this table. yy Therefore, option (b) is correct.
yy Therefore, option (c) is correct.
140. Answer: (a)
139. Answer: (b) Explanation:
Explanation: Malaysia's Orangutan Diplomacy
yy Home Minister Amit Shah has announced the creation of yy Recently, Malaysia withdrew its earlier proposal to gift
5 new districts in the Union Territory of Ladakh. Earlier,
orangutans to countries importing Malaysian palm oil,
the Union Territory of Ladakh had only two districts 'Leh'
inspired by China's 'panda diplomacy'.
and 'Kargil'. With 5 new districts, Ladakh will now have
7 districts. yy In its place, a new scheme was introduced, inviting
importers to sponsor orangutans, the funds from which
yy According to the notification of the Home Ministry, the 5
would be used for their conservation in Malaysia.
new districts are as follows:
yy Orangutans are primarily frugivorous, which means their
hhZanskar
diet consists mainly of fruit. They eat a variety of fruits such
hhDrass as durian, mangosteen and rambutan. In addition, they also
hhSham eat leaves, bark, insects and sometimes small vertebrates.
hhNubra Their diet varies depending on seasonal availability.
hhChangthang yy Therefore, option (a) is correct.
qqq

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 O;k[;k lfgr mÙkj

UPPCS RO/ARO : fçfyEl VsLV lhjhT+k & 2024

VsLV dksM µ SKT-D-RTGS

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 1- mÙkj % (d) ds nk¡rksa dk cM+k çfrfcac ns•us ds fy, djrs gSaA lkSj HkfV~V;ksa
O;k[;k % esa lw;Z ds çdk'k dks dsafær djus ds fy, cM+s vory niZ.kksa dk
mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA oLrqr% mÙky niZ.kksa dk mi;ksx lkekU;r%
;kaf=kd rjaxsa (Mechanical Waves) okguksa ds i'p&n`'; (wing) niZ.kksa ds :i esa fd;k tkrk gSA
yy os rjaxsa ftuds lapj.k ds fy, HkkSfrd ekè;e dh vko';drk
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
gksrh gS] ^;kaf=kd rjaxsa* dgykrh gSaA bl ekè;e esa nks xq.kksa&
çR;kLFkrk rFkk tM+Ro dk gksuk vko';d gSA bu rjaxksa dh pky 5- mÙkj % (c)
bUgha nks xq.kksa (çR;kLFkrk rFkk tM+Ro) ij fuHkZj djrh gSA ;kaf=kd O;k[;k %
rjaxksa ds mnkgj.k& èofu rjaxsa] jLlh esa mRiUu rjaxsa] Hkwdai rjaxsa yy fo|qr ifjiFk esa yxk Ý;wt] ifjiFk ds dkj.k gksus okyh {kfr ls
vkfnA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA cpkrk gSA tc fo|qUe; rkj rFkk mnklhu rkj nksuksa lh/s laidZ esa
yy paæek ij ok;qeaMy dh vuqifLFkfr ds dkj.k èofu rjaxksa dk vkrs gSa rks vfrHkkj.k gks ldrk gS (;g rc gksrk gS tc rkjksa dk
lapj.k laHko ugha gSA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA fo|qrjks/u {kfrxzLr gks tkrk gS vFkok lkf/=k esa dksbZ nks"k gksrk
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA gS)A ,slh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa] fdlh ifjiFk esa fo|qr /kjk vdLekr
cgqr vf/d gks tkrh gSA bls y?kqiFku dgrs gSaA
2- mÙkj % (d)
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA
O;k[;k %
6- mÙkj % (c)
èofu dh pky ij vkæZrk dk çHkko
O;k[;k %
yy ueh;qDr ;k vkæZ ok;q dk ?kuRo 'kq"d ok;q dh vis{kk de gksrk
gS] vr% vkæZZ ok;q esa èofu dh pky 'kq"d ok;q dh vis{kk vf/d rkiekih (Thermometer)
gksrh gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd cjlkr esa Vªsu dh lhVh dh vkok”k yy rki ekius okyh ;qfDr dks ^rkiekih* dgrs gSaA rki esa ifjorZu
cgqr nwj rd lqukbZ nsrh gSA ds lkFk inkFkZ ds xq.kksa esa Hkh ifjorZu gksrk gS] ftUgsa rkiekih
yy (A) vkSj (R) nksuksa lR; gSa vkSj (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k gSA dh jpuk dk vk/kj cukdj mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA nwljs 'kCnksa
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA esa] rki ds lkFk fdlh æo ds vk;ru esa Hkh ifjorZu gksrk gSA
vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA
3- mÙkj % (c) yy lsfYl;l iSekus (Celsius Scale) esa ty ds fgekad fcanq dks 0°C
O;k[;k % rFkk DoFkukad fcanq dks 100°C fu/kZfjr fd;k x;k gS ,oa buds
yy lgh lqesyu bl çdkj gS & chp dh nwjh dks 100 cjkcj •aMksa esa ck¡Vk x;k gSA çR;sd Hkkx
(ekid@ midj.k) (vuqç;ksx) dks 1°C dgrs gSaA vr% dFku 2 lgh ugha gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA
xSYoSuksehVj & fo|qr /kjk dh mifLFkfr dh tk¡p esa
cSjksehVj & ok;qeaMyh; nkc dks ekius esa 7- mÙkj % (b)
,VeksehVj & ok"ihdj.k ds ekiu esa O;k[;k %
dSjsVehVj & Lo.kZ dh 'kq¼rk ds ekiu esa Å"ek pkydrk (Thermal Conductivity)
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA yy fdlh Bksl inkFkZ }kjk Å"ek dh pkyu {kerk mldh ^Å"ek
pkydrk* dgykrh gSA pk¡nh] rk¡ck] yksgk] ,Y;qfefu;e bR;kfn
4- mÙkj % (a)
Å"ek ds lqpkyd] tcfd dk¡p] ydM+h] dkx”k bR;kfn Å"ek
O;k[;k % ds dqpkyd gksrs gSaA
vory niZ.kksa ds mi;ksx yy ^Å"ek pkydrk xq.kkad* (Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity)
yy vory niZ.kksa dk mi;ksx lkekU;r% VkWpZ] lpZykbV rFkk okguksa Å"ek dh og ek=kk gS tks fdlh fu/kZfjr le; esa ,d&nwljs ls
ds vxznhiksa (headlights) esa çdk'k dk 'kfDr'kkyh lekarj fdj.k yacor~ nwjh dh nks lrgksa ftudk rkikarj 1°C gksrk gS] ds eè;
iqat çkIr djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA bUgsa çk;% psgjs dk cM+k ,d bdkbZ ?ku ds ekè;e ls igq¡pkbZ tkrh gSA fdlh inkFkZ dh
çfrfcac ns•us ds fy, 'ksfoax niZ.kksa (shaving mirrors) ds :i rkih; pkydrk dk eku vf/d gks rks Å"ek dk çokg mlesa
esa mi;ksx djrs gSaA nar fo'ks"kK vory niZ.kksa dk mi;ksx ejhtksa vklkuh ls gks ldrk gSA

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 yy oLrqr% lfnZ;ksa esa ydM+h dh vis{kk yksgk Nwus ij vf/d BaMk yy mnkgj.k %
çrhr gksrk gS D;ksafd yksgk lqpkyd gksus ds dkj.k gekjs 'kjhj ls hh#dh gqbZ xkM+h ds vpkud pyus ij mlesa cSBs ;k=kh ihNs dh
Å"ek dk lapj.k vklkuh ls dj ysrk gS] tcfd ydM+h dqpkyd vksj >qd tkrs gSa] tcfd pyrh gqbZ xkM+h ds vpkud #dus
gksus ds dkj.k lapj.k ugha dj ikrhA ij mlesa cSBs ;k=kh vkxs dh vksj >qd tkrs gSaA
yy vr% (A) lR; gS fdarq (R) vlR; gSA hhisM+ dks fgykus ls mlds iQy VwVdj uhps fxj tkrs gSaA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA hhdacy dks gkFk ls idM+dj MaMs ls ihVus ij /wy ds d.k

8- mÙkj % (b) >M+dj uhps fxj tkrs gSaA

hh;fn ikuh ls Hkjs fxykl ds Åij ,d eksVk dkxt ,oa mlds
O;k[;k %
Åij dksbZ flDdk j•dj dkxt dks vkxs dh vksj /Ddk
xfr dh ifjHkk"kk (Definition of Motion) fn;k tk, rks dkxt vkxs dh vksj] tcfd flDdk ikuh esa
yy tc dksbZ oLrq le; ds lkFk viuh fLFkfr esa ifjorZu djrh gS fxj tkrk gSA
rks ml oLrq dks xfr'khy@xfreku voLFkk esa dgk tkrk gS rFkk yy oLrqr% xfr ds r`rh; fu;e ds vuqlkj ^çR;sd fØ;k ds cjkcj
tc dksbZ oLrq fdlh vU; oLrq ds lkis{k le; ds lkFk viuh rFkk mldh foijhr fn'kk esa çfrfØ;k gksrh gSA mnkgj.kLo:i&
fLFkfr esa ifjorZu ugha djrh gS rks ml oLrq dks fojkekoLFkk Å¡pkbZ ls dwnus ij pksV yxukA
esa dgk tkrk gSA bl çdkj] fdlh oLrq dh fLFkfr esa le; ds yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA
lkis{k ifjorZu dks ^xfr* dgrs gSaA
10- mÙkj % (b)
yy fuf'pr iFk ij xfr'khy oLrq tc fuf'pr le;karjky ds i'pkr~
O;k[;k %
viuh xfr dh iqujko`fÙk djrh gS rks bl çdkj dh xfr dks
^vkorZ xfr* dgrs gSa] tSls& i`Foh dk lw;Z ds pkjksa vksj ifjØe.kA xq#Ro %
yy tc dksbZ oLrq viuh lkE; fLFkfr ds b/j&m/j xfr djrh gS yy U;wVu ds xq#Rokd"kZ.k fu;ekuqlkj] czãkaM esa çR;sd oLrq] nwljh
rks ^nksyu vFkok dkaifud xfr* dgykrh gS] tSls& nhokj ?kM+h oLrq ij ,d vkd"kZ.k cy yxkrh gSA ;fn bu nks oLrqvksa esa ls
esa isaMqye dh xfrA ,d i`Foh gks rks bl vkd"kZ.k cy dks ^xq#Ro* dgk tkrk gSA
vr% xq#Ro og vkd"kZ.k cy gksrk gS ftlds dkj.k i`Foh fdlh
yy tc dksbZ oLrq fuf'pr v{k ds pkjksa vksj ?kwerh gS rks mldh
oLrq dks vius dsaæ dh vksj •haprh gSA
xfr ?kw.kZu xfr dgykrh gS_ tSls& Nr ds ia•s dh xfr] yV~Vw
dh xfr vkfnA xq#Roh; Roj.k (Gravitational Acceleration) %
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA yy tc dksbZ oLrq Åij ls eqDr :i ls NksM+h tkrh gS] og xq#Ro ds
dkj.k i`Foh dh vksj fxjus yxrh gS vkSj tSls&tSls oLrq i`Foh
9- mÙkj % (d) dh lrg ds fudV vkrh gS] mldk osx c<+rk tkrk gSA vr%
O;k[;k % osx esa ifjorZu ds dkj.k oLrq ij ,d Roj.k dk;Z djus yxrk
gS ftls ^xq#Roh; Roj.k* dgrs gSaA bls ^g* ls çnf'kZr djrs gSaA
U;wVu ds xfr ds fu;e (Newton's Laws of Motion)
yy ;fn fdlh oLrq dk æO;eku m gS rks bl ij dk;Z djus okyk
yy lj vkbtsd U;wVu us 1687 bZ- esa lcls igys viuh iqLrd
^xq#Roh; cy* mg gksxkA i`Foh ry ij bldk eku 9-8 m/s²
^fçalhfi;k* (Principia) esa ^lkoZf=kd xq#Rokd"kZ.k dk fu;e*
gksrk gSA
(Law of Universal Gravitation) ,oa ^xfr ds fu;eksa* (Laws
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA
of Motion) dk mYys• fd;kA
yy xfr dk çFke fu;e % tM+Ro dk fu;e (Law of Inertia) % 11- mÙkj % (c)
hh;fn dksbZ oLrq fojke ;k xfr'khy voLFkk esa gS rks og viuh O;k[;k %
mlh (ewy) voLFkk esa jgsxh tc rd fd ml ij dksbZ cká yy v¼Zpkydksa esa la;kstd cSaM ,oa pkyd cSaM ds eè; varjky
cy u yxk;k tk,A tM+Ro fdlh oLrq dk çkÑfrd xq.k de gksrk gSA
gS tks mldh ewy voLFkk (fojke ;k xfr dh voLFkk) esa yy vr% dqN bysDVªkWu pkyd cSaM esa yk¡?k ldrs gSa vkSj vYi
Lor% ifjorZu dk fojks/ djrk gSA U;wVu ds çFke fu;e dks pkydrk fn•k ldrs gSaA
^tM+Ro dk fu;e* Hkh dgk tkrk gSA fdlh oLrq dk tM+Ro yy rki c<+us ds lkFk v¼Zpkydksa esa fo|qr pkydrk c<+rh gS] D;ksafd
mlds æO;eku ds lekuqikrh gksrk gSA vf/d la[;k esa bysDVªkWu pkyd cSaM esa tk ldrs gSaA
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 yy flfydu ,oa tesZfu;e tSls inkFkZ bl çdkj dk O;ogkj çnf'kZr 15- mÙkj % (a)
djrs gSa rFkk bUgsa uSt&v¼Zpkyd dgrs gSaA O;k[;k %
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA yy fdlh Hkh fof/ }kjk fu"d"kZ.k ls çkIr /krqvksa esa lkekU; :i ls
12- mÙkj % (d) dqN v'kqf¼;k¡ feyh jgrh gSaA mPp 'kq¼rk dh /krq çkIr djus
O;k[;k % ds fy, vusd fof/;k¡ ç;ksx esa ykbZ tkrh gSaA
hhvklou % ;g fof/ de DoFkukad okyh /krqvksa tSls f”kad
yy çkFkfed cSVfj;ksa esa vfHkfØ;k dsoy ,d ckj gksrh gS rFkk dqN
le; rd ç;ksx ds ckn cSVjh fuf"Ø; gks tkrh gS ,oa iqu% ç;ksx rFkk ikjn ds fy, cgqr mi;ksxh gSaA
esa ugha ykbZ tk ldrhA hhæoxyu ifj"dj.k % bl fof/ esa de xyukad okyh /krq

yy bldk lcls fpj&ifjfpr mnkgj.k 'kq"d lsy gS ftls blds tSls fVu dks fi?kykdj <kyw lrg ij cgus fn;k tkrk gS]
vkfo"dkjd ds uke ij ySDyka'ks lsy ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA ftlls vf/d xyukad okyh v'kqf¼;k¡ vyx gks tkrh gSaA
yy ;s lkekU; :i esa VªkaftLVjksa ,oa ?kfM+;ksa esa ç;ksx esa ykbZ tkrh gSaA hhoS|qr vi?kVuh fof/ % bl fof/ ls rk¡cs dk 'kks/u fd;k
tkrk gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA
hheaMy ifj"dj.k % ;g fof/ eq[; :i ls vfrmPp 'kq¼rk
13- mÙkj % (c) okys v¼Zpkydksa rFkk vU; vfr'kq¼ /krqvksa_ tSls& teZsfu;e]
O;k[;k % flfydkWu] cksjkWu] xSfy;e rFkk bafM;e dks çkIr djus ds
yy lw{e foHkkftr fudsy mRçsjd dh mifLFkfr esa ouLifr rsyksa dk fy, cgqr mi;ksxh gSA
gkbMªkstuhdj.k fd;k tkrk gSA yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
yy lhlk d{k fof/ (ysM psacj çØe) esa ukbVªkstu ds vkWDlkbMksa 16- mÙkj % (a)
dh mRçsjd dh rjg mifLFkfr esa] lYiQj MkbvkWDlkbM dk
MkbvkWDlhtu ds lkFk vfHkfØ;k }kjk lYiQj MkbvkWDlkbM esa O;k[;k %
vkWDlhdj.k&vfHkfØ;d] lYiQj MkbvkWDlkbM rFkk vkWDlhtu ,oa yy veksfu;k esa ukbVªkstu ijek.kq ij ,d ,dkdh bysDVªkWu ;qxy
mRçsjd ukbfVªd vkWDlkbM lHkh leku çkoLFkk esa gSaA çnku djus ds fy, miyC/ gS blfy, ;g ywbZl {kkjd dh rjg
yy gScj çØe esa lw{e foHkkftr yksgs dh mifLFkfr esa veksfu;k O;ogkj djrh gSA
cuus esa MkbukbVªkstu ,oa MkbgkbMªkstu ds eè; la;kstu gksrk gSA yy veksfu;k ,d rh•h xa/ okyh] jaxghu xSl gSA
yy vksLVokYM çØe esa IysfVue xst dh mifLFkfr esa veksfu;k dk yy ;g ty esa vR;f/d foys; gSA
ukbfVªd vkWDlkbM esa vkWDlhdj.k gksrk gSA yy æo veksfu;k dk ç;ksx ç'khrd ds :i esa fd;k tkrk gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
14- mÙkj % (d) 17- mÙkj % (c)
O;k[;k % O;k[;k %
(dksykWbM ds çdkj)   (mnkgj.k) yy 'osr iQkWLiQksjl dks tc vfØ; okrkoj.k esa 573K rki ij dbZ
Bksl lkWy % dqN jaxhu dk¡p ,oa jRu çLrj] fnuksa rd xeZ djus ij çkIr gksrk gSA
I;wfel iRFkj] iQkse jcj yy tc yky iQkWLiQksjl dks mPp nkc ij xeZ fd;k tkrk gS rks dkys
lkWy % çysi (isaV)] dksf'kdk rjy iQkWLiQksjl ds çkoLFkkvksa dh Jsf.k;k¡ çkIr gksrh gSaA
yy yky iQkWLiQksjl yksgs&tSlh /wlj ped okyk gksrk gSA
,jkslkWy % /qvk¡] /wy] /qa/] dksgjk] ckny]
dhVuk'kd Lçs yy ;g xa/ghu] vfo"kSyk rFkk ty ,oa dkcZu MkblYiQkbM esa
vfoys; gSA
tsy % iuhj] tsyh
yy jklk;fud :i ls yky iQkWLiQksjl] 'osr iQkWLiQksjl dh rqyuk esa
beY'ku (ik;l) % nw/] ckyksa dh Øhe] eD•u cgqr de fØ;k'khy gksrk gSA
iQkse % iQsu] iQSaVh xbZ Øhe] lkcqu ds >kx yy ;g v¡/sjs esa nhIr ugha gksrkA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA

gsM vkWfiQl  % 636] Hkw&ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&09

4
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 18- mÙkj % (b) yy ;g nksgjh f>Yyh dh cuh gksrh gSA bldh ckgjh f>Yyh fNfær
O;k[;k % gksrh gSA Hkhrjh f>Yyh cgqr vf/d ofyr gksrh gSA ;s oy;
ATP-cukus okyh jklk;fud fØ;kvksa ds {ks=k dks cM+k cukrh gSaA
yy ,FksukWy ds lsou dk çHkko dsaæh; raf=kdk ra=k ij iM+rk gSA
yy eè;e ek=kk esa ;g fu.kZ; {kerk ij çHkko Mkyrh gS rFkk varckZ/dks yy ekbVksdkWfUMª;k dksf'kdk dk fctyh?kj gS ;k ekuo 'kjhj dk
de djrk gSA ÅtkZ x`g Hkh dgk tkrk gS_ D;ksafd ;g thou ds fy, vko';d
fofHkUu jklk;fud fØ;kvksa dks djus ds fy, ekbVksdkWfUMª;k ATP
yy vf/d lkaærk feryh vkSj csgks'kh ykrh gSA
(,sfMuksflu VªkbiQkWLiQsV) ds :i esa ÅtkZ çnku djrs gSaA ATP
yy mPp lkaærkvksa esa ;g Lor% 'olu fØ;k esa Hkh ck/k Mkyrh gS dksf'kdk dh ÅtkZ gSA 'kjhj u, jklk;fud ;kSfxdksa dks cukus rFkk
vkSj çk.k ?kkrd gks ldrh gSA ;kaf=kd dk;Z ds fy, ATP esa lafpr ÅtkZ dk mi;ksx djrk gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA yy vr% vfHkdFku (A) vkSj dkj.k (R) nksuksa lgh gSa vkSj (R)] (A)
19- mÙkj % (c) dh lgh O;k[;k djrk gSA
O;k[;k % yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
yy flYoj DyksjkbM % bls gkWuZ flYoj dgk tkrk gSA bldk mi;ksx 22- mÙkj % (d)
iQksVksØksesfVd dk¡p cukus esa gksrk gSA
O;k[;k %
yy flYoj czksekbM % bldk mi;ksx iQksVksxzkiQh esa gksrk gSA yy IykfLVM % ;g nksgjh f>Yyh okys vaxd gksrs gSa tks dsoy ikni
yy flYoj vk;ksMkbM % bldk mi;ksx Ñf=ke o"kkZ djkus esa gksrk gSA tSls& ikS/ksa vkSj 'kSoky dh dksf'kdkvksa esa ik, tkrs gSaA vr%
yy f”kad lYiQkbM % ;g çÑfr esa f”kad CySaM ds :i esa feyrk dFku 1 lgh ugha gSA
gSA ;g LiQqjnhfIr dk xq.k çnf'kZr djrk gSA ;g LiQqjnhfIr inZs yy IykfLVM Hkkstu ds fuekZ.k vkSj HkaMkj.k ds fy, ftEesnkj gksrs gSaA
cukus esa dke vkrk gSA buesa vDlj ,sls jaxæO; gksrs gSa ftudk mi;ksx çdk'k la'ys"k.k esa
yy f”kad iQkWLiQkbM % f”kad iQkWLiQkbM dk mi;ksx pwgk&fo"k ds fd;k tkrk gS vkSj fofHkUu çdkj ds jaxæO; gksrs gSa tks dksf'kdk
:i esa gksrk gSA dk jax cny ldrs gSaA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA
yy f”kad dkckZsusV ls peZ jksx dh nkok cukbZ tkrh gSA vU; rF;
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA yy IykfLVM nks çdkj ds gksrs gSa % ØkseksIykLV (jaxhu IykfLVM) rFkk
20- mÙkj % (a) Y;wdksIykLV ('osr rFkk jaxghu IykfLVM)A ftl ØkseksIykLV esa
O;k[;k % DyksjksfiQy o.kZd gksrk gS mls ^DyksjksIykLV* dgrs gSaA
(/krq) (v;Ld) yy ikS/ksa esa DyksjksIykLV çdk'k la'ys"k.k ds fy, cgqr vko';d gSA
DyksjksIykLV esa DyksjksfiQy ds vfrfjDr fofHkUu ihys vFkok ukjaxh
hheSfXuf'k;e % dkukZykbV
jax ds o.kZd Hkh gksrs gSaA Y;wdksIykLV çkFkfed :i ls vaxd gS
hh,Y;qehfu;e % ckWDlkbV ftlesa LVkpZ] rsy rFkk çksVhu tSls inkFkZ lafpr gksrs gSaA
(jklk;fud uke& gkbMªsVsM ,yqfeuk)
yy DyksjksIykLV dh Hkhrjh jpuk esa cgqr&lh f>Yyh okyh ijrsa gksrh gSa
hheSxuht % ikbjksyqlkbV tks LVªksek esa fLFkr gksrh gSaA IykfLVM cká jpuk esa ekbVksdkWfUMª;k
hhlksuk % flYosukbV] dsykosjkbV dh rjg gksrs gSaA ekbVksdkWfUMª;k dh rjg IykfLVM esa Hkh viuk
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA DNA rFkk jkbckslkse gksrs gSaA

21- mÙkj % (a) yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA

O;k[;k % 23- mÙkj % (c)
yy ekbVksdkWfUMª;k % ;g ekuo 'kjhj dk cgqr vn~Hkqr vaxd gS O;k[;k %
D;ksafd blesa mldk viuk DNA rFkk jkbckslkse gksrs gSaA vr% yy ikS/ksa esa yphysiu dk xq.k ,d LFkk;h Ård] dkWysadkbek ds
ekbVksdkWfUMª;k viuk dqN çksVhu Lo;a cukrs gSaA dkj.k gksrk gSA
yy ;g vf/dka'k ;wdSfj;ksV~l dh dksf'kdkvksa esa ik;k tkrk gS] tSls yy ;g ikS/ksa ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa (iÙkh] ruk) esa fcuk VwVs gq, yphykiu
fd tkuoj] ikS/s vkSj dod vkfnA ykrk gSA ;g ikS/ksa dks ;kaf=kd lgk;rk Hkh çnku djrk gSA
gsM vkWfiQl  % 636] Hkw&ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&09
5
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 yy bl Ård dks ,fiMfeZl ds uhps i.kZo`r esa ik;k tkrk gSA bl yy isfIlu ,atkbe Hkkstu esa mifjfFkr çksVhu ?kVd dks çksfVvksfll
Ård dh dksf'kdk,¡ thfor] yach vkSj vfu;fer <ax ls dksuksa ij vkSj isIVksu esa ifjofrZr djrk gSA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA
eksVh gksrh gSa rFkk dksf'kdkvksa ds chp cgqr de LFkku gksrk gSA yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA
26- mÙkj % (c)
24- mÙkj % (b)
O;k[;k %
O;k[;k % yy #f/j % ;g ,d fo'ks"k çdkj ds Årdksa dk ,d lewg gS] ftlesa
yy tkbye vkSj Ýyks,e ,d çdkj ds tfVy Årdksa ds mnkgj.k gSaA æO; vk/k=kh (eSfVªDl) Iyk”ek (IyS”ek) rFkk vU; laxfBr
yy bu nksuksa dks laogu Ård Hkh dgrs gSa vkSj ;s feydj laogu lajpuk,¡ ikbZ tkrh gSaA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA
caMy dk fuekZ.k djrs gSaA yy Iyk”ek (IyS”ek) % ;g çæO; ,d gYds ihys jax dk xk<+k
yy tkbye fofHkUu çdkj dh dksf'kdkvksa ls feydj cuk gksrk gS rjy inkFkZ gS] tks jDr ds vk;ru yxHkx 55 çfr'kr gksrk gSA
tSls& tkbye VªSdhM~ (okfgfudk)] okfgdk] tkbye iSjsadkbek çæO; esa 90&92 çfr'kr ty rFkk 6&8 çfr'kr çksVhu inkFkZ
vkSj tkbye iQkbcj (js'ks)A gksrs gSaA iQkbfczukstu] Xykscqfyu rFkk ,Ycwfeu Iyk”ek esa mifLFkr
yy VªSdhM~ ,oa okfgdk dh dksf'kdk fHkfÙk eksVh gksrh gS vkSj buesa ls eq[; çksVhu gSaA
dbZ ifjiDo dksf'kdk,¡ e`r gksrh gSaA VªSdhM~ vkSj okfgdkvksa dh
yy iQkbfczukstsu dh vko';drk jDr FkDdk cukus ;k Ldanu esa gksrh
lajpuk ufydkdkj gksrh gSA
gSA vr% dFku 2 lgh ugha gSA
yy bu tkbye ds }kjk ikuh vkSj •fut yo.k dk ÅèokZ/j laogu
gksrk gSA vr% dFku 1 lgh ugha gSA vU; rF;
yy iSjsUdkbek Hkkstu dk laxzg djrk gS tkbye iQkbcj (js'ks) eq[;r% yy Xykscfq yu dk mi;ksx 'kjhj ds çfrj{kk ra=k rFkk ,Y;wfeu dk mi;ksx
lgkjk nsus dk dk;Z djrs gSaA ijklj.kh larqyu ds fy, gksrk gSA Iyk”ek esa vusd •fut vk;u
yy Ýyks,e ik¡p çdkj ds vo;oksa % pkyuh dksf'kdk,¡] pkyuh ufydk tSls Na+, Ca++, Mg++, HCO3, CI– bR;kfn Hkh ik, tkrs gSaA 'kjhj
(sieve tubes)] lkFkh dksf'kdk,¡] Ýyks,e iSjsadkbek rFkk Ýyks,e esa laØe.k dh voLFkk esa gksus ds dkj.k Xywdkst] vehuks vEy
js'kksa ls feydj cuk gksrk gSA rFkk fyfiM Hkh Iyk”ek esa ik, tkrs gSaA #f/j dk FkDdk cukus
yy pkyuh ufydk fNfær fHkfÙk okyh rFkk ufydkdkj dksf'kdk vFkok Ldanu ds vusd dkjd çæO; ds lkFk fuf"Ø; n'kk esa
gksrh gSA jgrs gSaA fcuk FkDdk Ldanu dkjdksa ds Iyk”ek dks lhje dgrs gSaA
yy Ýyks,e ifÙk;ksa ls Hkkstu dks ikS/s ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa rd igq¡pkrk yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA
gSA Ýyks,e js'kksa dks NksM+dj] Ýyks,e dksf'kdk,¡ thfor dksf'kdk,¡ 27- mÙkj % (c)
gSaA vr% dFku 2 Hkh lgh ugha gSA
O;k[;k %
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA
yy ifV~Vdk.kq (IysVysV~l) dks FkzksEckslkbV Hkh dgrs gSa] ;s eSxkdsfj;ks
25- mÙkj % (a) lkbV (vfLFk eTtk dh fo'ks"k dksf'kdk) ds VqdM+ksa esa fo•aMu
O;k[;k % ls curh gSaA jDr esa budh la[;k 1-5 ls 3-5 yk• çfr ?ku
yy tBj xzafFk;ksa esa lzkfor ikpu jl dks tBj jl dgk tkrk gSA tks feeh- gksrh gSaA IysVysV~l dbZ çdkj ds inkFkZ lzkfor djrh gSa
Hkkstu isV esa ços'k djrk gS] bl tBj jl ds lkFk feyus ij ftuesa vf/dka'k #f/j dk FkDdk tekus (Ldanu) esa lgk;d gSaA
vEyh; gks tkrk gSA tBj jl esa gkbMªksDyksfjd vEy (HCl)] yy IysVysV~l dh la[;k esa deh ds dkj.k Ldanu (teko) esa foÑfr
isfIlukstsu@ isfIlu] jsfuu vkSj ykbist ik, tkrs gSaA gks tkrh gS rFkk 'kjhj ls vf/d jDr lzko gks tkrk gSA
yy uotkrksa ds tBj jl esa jsfuu uked çksVhu vi?kVuh; ,atkbe gksrk yy jDr dk yky jax ,d ykSg;qDr tfVy çksVhu gheksXyksfcu dh
gS tks nw/ ds çksVhu dks ipkus esa lgk;d gksrk gSA tBj xzafFk;k¡
mifLFkfr ds dkj.k gSA
FkksM+h ek=kk esa ykbist Hkh L=kfor djrh gSaA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA
yy fyaiQkslkbV rFkk eksukslkbV vd.k dksf'kdk ds çdkj gSaA fyaiQkslkbV
yy tBj ykbist ,atkbe olkvksa dk vkaf'kd ikpu djrk gSA
(20&25 çfr'kr) eq[;r% nks çdkj dh gksrh gSa ch rFkk VhA ch
yy tBj jl esa mifLFkr 'ys"e ,oa ckbdkckZsusV 'ys"e midyk Lrj
vkSj Vh& nksuksa çdkj dh fyaiQkslkbV 'kjhj dh çfrj{kk ds fy,
dk Lusgu vkSj vR;f/d lkafær gkbMªksDyksfjd vEy ls mldk
mÙkjnk;h gSaA
cpko djrs gSaA gkbMªksDyksfjd vEy isfIluksa ds fy, mfpr vEyh;
ekè;e (pH 1-8) rS;kj djrk gSA yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA
gsM vkWfiQl  % 636] Hkw&ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&09
6
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 28- mÙkj % (c) 30- mÙkj % (c)
O;k[;k % O;k[;k %
yy ih;w"k xzafFk (ihVÔwVjh) & lHkh vaxksa esa o`f¼ çsfjr djrk gSA Fkkbel xzafFk
yy balqfyu & jDr esa 'kdZjk Lrj dk fu;eu djrk gSA yy ;g xzafFk egk/euh ds mnj i{k ij mjksfLFk ds ihNs iQsiQM+ksa ds
yy ekspd gkekZus & ihVÔwVjh xzfa Fk ls gkekZus ds lzko dks çsfjr djrk gSA chp fLFkr ,d ikyh;qDr lajpuk gSA Fkkbel xzafFk çfrj{kk ra=k
yy Fkk;jkWbM xzafFk & 'kjhj dh o`f¼ ds fy, mikip; dk fu;eu ds fodkl esa egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSA ;g xzafFk Fkkbeksflu
djrk gSA uked isIVkbM gkekZsu dk lzko djrh gSA
yy ,Mªhuy xzafFk;k¡] o`Dd ds Åij fLFkr gksrh gSaA ,Mªhuy xzafFk;k¡] yy c<+rh mez ds lkFk Fkkbel dk vi?kVu gksus yxrk gS] iQyLo:i
gkekZsu lzkod xzafFk;k¡ gS vkSj ikpu esa Hkkx ugha ysrh gSaA vXuk'k;] Fkkbeksflu dk mRiknu ?kV tkrk gSA blh ds ifj.kkeLo:i o`¼ksa
;Ñr vkSj ykj xzafFk;k¡ ikpd jl lzkfor djds ikpu esa Hkkx esa çfrj{kk çfrfØ;k de”kksj iM+ tkrh gSA
ysrh gSaA
yy LVsjkWbM gkekZsu % bl gkekZsu dk Jko.k eknkvksa ds vaMk'k; ls
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA
gksrk gSA
29- mÙkj % (a) yy eknkvksa ds vaMk'k; nks çdkj ds LVhjkWbM gkekZsu lewgksa dk Hkh
O;k[;k % mRiknu djrs gSa] ftUgsa ,LVªkstsu vkSj çkstsLVsjkWu dgrs gSaA vaMk'k;
var%lzkoh xzafFk;k¡ vkSj muds gkekZsu % ekuo 'kjhj esa dbZ var%lzkoh vaMiqVd vkSj Hkj.k Ård dk cuk gksrk gSA ,LVªkstsu dk la'ys"k.k
xzafFk;k¡ gksrh gSa tks fof'k"V gkekZsu lzkfor djrh gSa & ,oa lzko çeq• :i ls ifjof/Zr gks jgs vaMk'k;h iqVdksa }kjk gksrk
yy gkbiksFkSysel % ;g MkbufliQsykWu (vxzefLr"d i'p) dk vkèkkj gSA vaMksRlxZ ds i'pkr fo•afMr iqfVdk] dkWiZlY;wfV;e esa cny
Hkkx gS vkSj ;g 'kjhj ds fofo/ çdkj ds dk;ks± dk fu;a=k.k tkrk gS tks fd eq[;r;k çkstsLVsjkWu gkekZsu dk lzko djrk gSA
djrk gSA blesa gkekZsu dk mRiknu djus okyh dbZ raf=kdklzkoh yy ,LVªkstsu fL=k;ksa esa f}rh;d ySafxd vaxksa dh o`f¼ rFkk fØ;kvksa
dksf'kdk,¡ gksrh gSa ftUgsa U;wDyh dgrs gSaA dk çsj.k] vaMk'k;h iqfVdkvksa dk ifjo/Zu] f}rh;d ySafxd y{k.kksa
yy ;g 'kjhj ds rkieku] Hkw•] I;kl vkSj fiVÔwVjh xzafFk ls gkekZsu dk çdVu (tSls mPp vkokt dh Lojeku) Lru xzafFk;ksa dk
ds lzko dks fu;af=kr djrk gSA ifjo/Zu bR;kfn vusd fØ;k,a djrs gSaA ,LVªkstsu fL=k;ksa ds ySafxd
yy vr% dFku 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa lgh gSaA O;ogkj dk fu;ked Hkh gSA
vU; rF; yy çkstsLVsjkWu çlork esa lgk;d gksrs gSaA çkstsLVsjkWu nqX/ xzafFk;ksa ij
yy fiVÔwVjh xzafFk % bls ^ekLVj xzafFk* dgk tkrk gS D;ksafd ;g Hkh dk;Z dj ds nqX/ laxzg dwfidkvksa ds fuekZ.k vkSj nqX/ ds
gkekZsu lzkfor djrh gS tks vU; xzafFk;ksa dks fu;af=kr djrh gS] lzko esa lgk;rk djrs gSaA
ftlesa o`f¼ gkekZsu] Fkk;jkW;M mÙkstd gkekZsu (Vh-,l-,p-) vkSj yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA
vU; 'kkfey gSaA
31- mÙkj % (d)
yy ihfu;y xzafFk % esykVksfuu dk mRiknu djrh gS] tks uhan ds
iSVuZ dks fu;af=kr djrk gSA O;k[;k %
yy Fkk;jkW;M xzafFk % T3 vkSj T4 dk lzko djrh gS] tks p;kip; yy rus dk :ikarj.k % rus lnSo vk'kk ds vuqlkj ç:ih ugha gksrsA
vkSj ÅtkZ ds Lrj dks çHkkfor djrh gSA os fofHkUu dk;ks± dks laiUu djus ds fy, vius vki dks :ikarfjr
yy iSjkFkkbjkWbM xzafFk % jDr esa dSfY'k;e ds Lrj dks fu;af=kr dj ysrs gSaA vkyw] vnjd] gYnh] tehdan] vjch ds Hkwfexr rus
djrh gSA Hkkstu lap; ds fy, :ikarfjr gks tkrs gSaA o`f¼ ds fy, çfrdwy
yy Fkkbel % çfrj{kk ç.kkyh esa Vh&dksf'kdk fodkl ds fy, ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds le; ;s fpjdkfyd vax dh rjg dk;Z djrs gSaA
egÙoiw.kZ gSA yy ewaxiQyh % ;g ,d iQyhnkj iQly gS tks eq[; :i ls blds
yy vXU;k'k; % balqfyu vkSj Xywdkxu dk lzko djrk gS] tks jDr •kus ;ksX; chtksa ds fy, mxkbZ tkrh gSA ;g Hkwfexr ik;k tkus
'kdZjk fofu;eu esa egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA okyk ,d cht gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA

gsM vkWfiQl  % 636] Hkw&ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&09

7
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 32- mÙkj % (a) ekeyksa esa] gksaB vkSj gkFk dh maxfy;ksa ds uk•wuksa dk jax /wlj
O;k[;k % ls ysdj uhyk rd gks tkrk gSA
yy LDysjsadkbek % ;g çk;% ikS/ksa esa ikbZ tkus okyh yach] ladjh rFkk yy LoLFk euq"; dks laØe.k fdlh laØfer O;fDr }kjk NksM+s x,
uqdhys e`r dksf'kdk,¡ gksrh gSaA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA fcanqdksa (MªkWIysV~l) vFkok ,;jkslkWy lk¡l }kjk vanj ysus ls ;k
laØfer O;fDr ds fxykl ;k crZu bLrseky djus ls Hkh gks tkrk
yy bu dksf'kdkvksa dh fHkfÙk eksVh rFkk fyfXuuh gksrh gSA bldh
gSA ekuo esa gksus okys dqN vU; thok.oh; jksx gSa& vfrlkj
fHkfÙk ij dqN vFkok vf/d xrZ fLFkr gksrs gSaA vf/dka'kr% ;s
isfp'k (MkblsaVjh)] Iysx vkSj fMÝFkhfj;k vkfnA
e`r gksrs gSa vkSj muesa çksVksIykLV ugha gksrkA vkdkj] jpuk] mn~Hko
rFkk fodkl esa fofHkUurk gksus ds vk/kj ij Ldysjsadkbek rarqe;h yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
vFkok fLdfyjhM gks ldrs gSaA rarq eksVh fHkfÙk okys] yacs rFkk 35- mÙkj % (d)
uqdhys e`r dksf'kdk,¡ ds gksrs gSaA O;k[;k %
yy ;s çk;% ikS/ksa ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa lewg ds :i esa ik, tkrs gSaA
lgh lqesyu bl çdkj gS &
fLdfyfjM dk vkdkj xksykdkj] vaMkdkj vFkok flfyaMjkdkj
gksrk gSA yy yqbZ ik'pj us fd.ou dh •kst o"kZ 1857 esa dh FkhA
yy ;s cgqr vf/d eksVs rFkk e`r Ldysjsadkbeh dksf'kdkvksa ls cus yy vysDtsaMj ÝySfeax us ^isfuflfyu* dh •kst o"kZ 1929 esa dh FkhA
gksrs gSa] ftudh xqfgdk cgqr ladjh gksrh gSA yy ,MoMZ tsuj us pspd ds fy, o"kZ 1798 esa pspd ds Vhds dh
yy ;s çk;% fxjhnkj iQyksa dh iQy fHkfÙk dh dksf'kdkvksa] iQyksa tSls& •kst dh FkhA
ve#n] uk'kikrh rFkk phdw ds xwns_ rFkk ySX;weksa ds cht vkoj.k yy ,aVksuh okWu Y;wosUgkWd us thok.kqvksa dh •kst 17 flracj] 1683
rFkk pk; dh iÙkh esa ik, tkrs gSaA vr% dFku 2 Hkh lgh gSA dh FkhA bUgsa lw{e&tSfodh dk tud dgrs gSaA
yy Ldysjsadkbek ikS/ksa dks ;kaf=kd lgkjk nsrs gSaA yy jkcVZ dksp us lu~ 1876 esa cslhyl ,UFksfll uked thok.kq dh
•kst dh tks ,UFkzsDl jksx dk dkjd gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA
33- mÙkj % (a)
36- mÙkj % (d)
O;k[;k %
O;k[;k %
yy lgh lqesyu bl çdkj gS&
yy o.kk±/rk % ;g ,d vuqokaf'kd fyax lgyXu vçHkkoh fodkj
(jksx) (y{k.k)
gSA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA
hhjkbcksÝysohuksfll % Le`fr ßkl
yy ;g fodkj yky vFkok gjs o.kZ laosnh 'kadq ds =kqfViw.kZ gksus ds
hhcsjh&csjh % ulksa vkSj ekalisf'k;ksa dh nqcZyrk dkj.k gksrk gSA ifj.kker% O;fDr yky ,oa gjs o.kZ (jax) esa foHksn
hhisykxzk % Ropk vkSj thHk ij 'kq"d 'kYd ugha dj ikrkA vr% dFku 1 lgh ugha gSA
hhLdohZ % elw<+ksa ls jDrlzko vU; rF;
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA yy ;g fodkj X&Øksekslkse ij fLFkr dqN thuksa esa mRifjorZu ds
34- mÙkj % (a) dkj.k vkrk gSA yxHkx 8» iq#"kksa ,oa ek=k 0-4» ukfj;ksa esa ;g
fodkj ik;k tkrk gSA
O;k[;k %
yy bldk dkj.k gS] yky&gjh o.kkZa/rk ds fy, mÙkjnk;h thuksa dk
yy LVªsIVksdksdl U;qeksuh vkSj gheksfiQYl baÝyq,¡th tSls thok.kq
X&Øksekslkse ij mifLFkr gksukA uj (iq#"k) dh dksf'kdkvksa esa
ekuo esa U;weksfu;k jksx ds fy, mÙkjnk;h gSaA bl jksx esa iQqIiQql
dsoy ,d X&Øksekslkse gksrk gS] ijarq ukfj;ksa esa nks X&Øksekslkse
(yaXl) ds ok;qdks"B (,yO;wykbZ) laØfer gks tkrs gSaA laØe.k
gksrs gSaA fdlh ,sls thu dh okgd ukjh ds iq=k ds o.kkZ/ gksus
ds iQyLo:i ok;qdks"Bksa esa rjy Hkj tkrk gS ftlds dkj.k lkal dh laHkkouk 50» gS D;ksafd X&layXu thu vçHkkoh gSA
ysus esa xaHkhj leL;k,¡ iSnk gks tkrh gSaA
yy vr% fo"ke;qXeth tuuh Lo;a o.kkZ/ ugha gksrh gSA bldk vFkZ
yy vr% vfHkdFku (A) vkSj dkj.k (R) nksuksa lgh gSa vkSj (R)] (A) ;g gS fd bldk çHkko nwljs fodYih vyhy ds çHkkoh gksus ds
dh lgh O;k[;k djrk gSA dkj.k fu#¼ gks tkrk gSA iq=kh (eknk larfr) lkekU;r% o.kkZa/
vU; rF; ugha gksxh] tc rd fd ek¡ okgd ,oa firk o.kkZa/ u gksA
yy bl jksx ds y{k.k Toj] fBBqju] •k¡lh vkSj fljnnZ vkfn gSaA xaHkhj yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA
gsM vkWfiQl  % 636] Hkw&ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&09
8
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 37- mÙkj % (b) 40- mÙkj % (d)
O;k[;k % O;k[;k %
yy ikWfyVsVªkÝyqvksjks,Fkhu (VsÝykWu) % bldk rsy lhyksa vkSj i`"B ruko (Surface Tension)
xSLdsVksa dks cukus esa vkSj u fpidus okyh (ukWu&fLVd) lrg
yy æo ds Lora=k i`"B esa de&ls&de {ks=kiQy çkIr djus dh ço`fÙk
ls ysfir crZuksa esa mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
gksrh gS ftlls mldk i`"B lnSo ruko dh fLFkfr esa jgrk gSA æo
yy ikWfy,sfØyksukbVªkby % bldk mi;ksx Åu ds çfrLFkkih ds :i ds bl xq.k dks ^i`"B ruko* dgrs gSaA vr% fdlh æo dk i`"B
esa vkS|ksfxd js'ks tSls vkWjykWu vFkok ,sfØyu cukus esa fd;k ruko og cy gS tks eqDr i`"B ij fdlh js•k ds yacor~ vkSj
tkrk gSA
ijr ds Li'kZjs•h; fn'kk esa dk;Z djrk gSA ;fn js•k dh yackbZ
yy cSdsykbV % bldk mi;ksx daf?k;ksa] iQksuksxzkiQ jsdkWMZ vfHkys•ksa] 'L' ij 'F' cy dk;Z djrk gS rks i`"B ruko] T = F/L gksxkA
oS|qr fLopksa vkSj fofHkUu crZuksa ds gRFks cukus esa fd;k tkrk gSA
yy i`"B ruko dk SI ek=kd U;wVu&ehVj ;k twy@ehVj gksrk gSA
yy fuvksfçu % bldk mi;ksx okgd iV~Vs] xSLdsV vkSj gkStksa ds
yy æo ds i`"Bh; {ks=kiQy esa ,dkad o`f¼ djus ds fy, fd;k x;k
cukus esa fd;k tkrk gSA
dk;Z mlds i`"B ruko ds cjkcj gksrk gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA
i`"B ruko dks çHkkfor djus okys dkjd
38- mÙkj % (d)
yy æo dk rki c<+kus ij i`"B ruko de gks tkrk gS vkSj Økafrd
O;k[;k % rki (Critical Temperature) ij ;g 'kwU; gks tkrk gSA
yy vkWFkkZslYiQkscsathekbM] ftls lSdjhu Hkh dgrs gSa] çFke yksdfç;
yy ?kqyu'khy v'kqf¼ feykus ij i`"B ruko dk eku c<+rk gSA
Ñf=ke e/qjd gSA ;g 1879 ls •kst ds le; ls gh e/qjd dh
rjg ç;ksx esa yk;k tkrk jgk gSA yy v?kqyu'khy v'kqf¼ feykus ij i`"B ruko dk eku de gks tkrk gSA
yy ,sLikVZse lcls vf/d liQy vkSj O;kid :i ls mi;ksx esa vkus yy æo esa fo|qr /kjk çokfgr djus ij æo dk i`"B ruko ?kVrk gSA
okyk Ñf=ke e/qjd gSA ;g ,LikfVZd vEy rFkk iQsfuy,sykfuu yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA
ls cus MkbisIVkbM dh esfFky ,LVj gSA 41- mÙkj % (a)
yy ,sfyVse vf/d çcy e/qjd gS] ;|fi ;g ,sLikVZse ls vf/d
O;k[;k %
LFkk;h gksrk gS] ijarq bldk ç;ksx djrs le; feBkl fu;af=kr
djuk dfBu gksrk gSA yy fo'o /jksgj lfefr ds 46osa l=k dh cSBd ubZ fnYyh ds Hkkjr
eaMie esa vk;ksftr dh xbZA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA
yy lwØkyksl] lwØksl dk VªkbDyksjks O;qRiUu gSA bldk :i&jax vkSj
Lokn 'kdZjk tSlk gksrk gSA ;g •kuk idkus ds rkieku ij LFkk;h yy 21 tqykbZ] 2024 dks ç/kuea=kh ujsaæ eksnh us bldk mn~?kkVu
gksrk gSA ;g dSyksjh ugha nsrk gSA fd;k FkkA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA yy fo'o /jksgj lfefr ds 46osa l=k dh estckuh Hkkjr }kjk ¶fodkl
Hkh] fojklr Hkh¸ dh Fkhe ds rgr dh xbZA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA
39- mÙkj % (d)
yy Hkkjr }kjk igyh ckj fo'o /jksgj lfefr dh cSBd dh estckuh
O;k[;k % dh xbZA
vkfdZfeMht dk fl¼kar (Archimedes' Principle) yy Hkkjr ds ^pjkbZnso eSnke&vle esa vgkse jktoa'k ds çkphu niQu
yy bl fl¼kar ds vuqlkj] tc dksbZ oLrq fdlh æo esa iwjh vFkok Vhys* dks mlds ,sfrgkfld egÙo ds fy, fo'o /jksgj LFky
vkaf'kd :i ls MqcksbZ tkrh gS rks mlds Hkkj esa deh dk vkHkkl ds :i esa ekU;rk nh xbZA
gksrk gS] Hkkj esa ;g vkHkklh deh oLrq }kjk gVk, x, æo ds
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
Hkkj ds cjkcj gksrh gSA
yy vkfdZfeMht ds fl¼kar ds vusd vuqç;ksx gSaA ty;kuksa rFkk 42- mÙkj % (a)
iuMqfCc;ksa dk fM”kkbu] nqX/ekih (nw/ dh 'kq¼rk dh tk¡p djus O;k[;k %
esa ç;qDr)] gkbMªksehVj (æoksa ds ?kuRo ekius esa ç;qDr) vkfn yy 20 tqykbZ] 2024 dks dsaæh; dks;yk ,oa •ku ea=kh th- fd'ku
blh fl¼kar ij vk/kfjr gSaA jsM~Mh }kjk jk"Vªh; f”kyk •fut iQkmaMs'ku (District Mineral
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA Foundation) iksVZy ykWUp fd;k x;kA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA

gsM vkWfiQl  % 636] Hkw&ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&09

9
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 yy bl iksVZy dks ykWUp djus dk mís'; Mh-,e-,iQ- MsVk rd igq¡p yy ih,e eksnh dks ^vkWMZj vkWiQ lsaV ,aMª;w n ,iksLVy* lEeku nsus
dks lqfo/ktud cukuk rFkk blds varxZr fodkl vkSj mi;ksx dh ?kks"k.kk o"kZ 2019 esa dh xbZ FkhA ç/kuea=kh ujsaæ eksnh bl
dks VªSd djuk gSA iqjLdkj ls lEekfur gksus okys igys Hkkjrh; usrk gSaA
yy ;g iksVZy mUur ikjnf'kZrk ds lkFk ns'k esa 645 f”kyk •fut yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA
iQkmaMs'kal dk fooj.k çnku djrk gS] ftlesa xfrfof/;ksa dh 46- mÙkj % (b)
dsaæhÑr n`';rk] ifj;kstuk fujh{k.k vkSj xfr'khy fo'ys"k.k ds
O;k[;k %
lkFk&lkFk çHkkoh dk;kZUo;u ds fy, lokZsÙke çFkkvksa dk HkaMkj
yy 8 tqykbZ] 2024 dks HCLTech dh vè;{k jks'kuh uknj eYgks=kk
Hkh 'kkfey gSA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA
dks Úk¡l us ns'k ds lokZsPp ukxfjd iqjLdkj ¶'ksosfy;j Mh
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA yk yhtu Mh* gksuwj¸ (Knight of the Legion of Honour) ls
43- mÙkj % (d) lEekfur fd;kA
O;k[;k % yy Úk¡l ds jk"Vªifr dh vksj ls Hkkjr esa Úk¡l ds jktnwr egkefge
yy 12 tqykbZ] 2024 dks dsaæh; x`g ea=kh vfer 'kkg us ?kks"k.kk dh Jh fFk,jh eFkkS }kjk jks'kuh uknj dks bl iqjLdkj ls lEekfur
fd dsaæ ljdkj us 25 twu dks ^lafo/ku gR;k fnol* ds :i esa fd;k x;kA
eukus dk iQSlyk fd;k gSA yy jks'kuh uknj dks ;g iqjLdkj O;kikj txr esa muds mRÑ"V ;ksxnku]
Úk¡l vkSj Hkkjr ds chp vkfFkZd laca/ksa dks c<+kok nsus ds fujarj
yy 25 twu] 1975 dks rRdkyhu bafnjk xka/h ds usr`Ro okyh dkaxzsl
ç;kl] lkFk gh lkekftd vkSj i;kZoj.kh; dkj.kksa ds çfr mudh
ljdkj us lafo/ku ds vuqPNsn 352 ds rgr ns'k esa jk"Vªh;
vVwV çfrc¼rk ds fy, fn;k x;kA
vkikrdky yxk;k Fkk] tks 21 eghus rd ns'k esa ykxw jgkA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA
47- mÙkj % (c)
44- mÙkj % (d)
O;k[;k %
O;k[;k %
yy 2 tqykbZ] 2024 dks uhnjySaM ds jktk foyse&vysDtsaMj us fMd
yy 10 tqykbZ] 2024 dks uxkySaM dks ^ckxokuh esa loZJs"B jkT; 'kwiQ dks uhnjySaM ds u, ç/kuea=kh ds :i esa 'kiFk fnykbZA
iqjLdkj 2024* ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA uxkySaM dks ;g lEeku
yy og ekdZ :V dk LFkku ysaxs] ftUgksaus 2010 ls 2024 rd uhnjySaM
^15osa Ñf"k usr`Ro lEesyu* ds nkSjku çnku fd;k x;kA
ds ç/kuea=kh ds :i esa dk;Z fd;kA
yy ;g iqjLdkj jkT; dks ckxokuh fodkl ds fy, vfHkuo dk;ZØeksa
yy :V vDVwcj 2024 ls mÙkjh vVykafVd laf/ laxBu (NATO)
vkSj uhfr;ksa dks is'k djus esa mRÑ"V dk;Z ds fy, fn;k x;kA
ds u, egklfpo ds :i esa dk;ZHkkj laHkkysaxsA
yy bl f'k•j lEesyu dk vk;kstu 10&11 tqykbZ] 2024 ds eè;
yy f}rh; fo'o ;q¼ ds ckn igyh ckj uhnjySaM dk usr`Ro ,d ,sls
^tyok;q pqukSfr;ksa ds chp Ñf"k dks vkxs c<+kuk* fo"k; ds rgr
ç/kuea=kh }kjk fd;k tk jgk gS] tks fdlh Hkh jktuhfrd ny ls
fd;k x;kA lac¼ ugha gSA
yy uxkySaM dks rhu ckxokuh iQlyksa uxk fepkZ] uxk Vªh VekVj vkSj yy fMd 'kwiQ] ftUgksaus 2024 dk pquko ugha yM+k Fkk] dks 28 ebZ
uxk LohV •hjk dk th-vkbZ- iathdj.k çkIr gqvk gSA 2024 dks ç/kuea=kh in ds fy, ukfer fd;k x;kA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA
45- mÙkj % (d) 48- mÙkj % (b)
O;k[;k % O;k[;k %
yy 9 tqykbZ] 2024 dks :lh jk"Vªifr Oykfnehj iqfru us ç/kuea=kh yy 1 tqykbZ] 2024 dks tkiku us vius u, ÝySxf'ki rhljs H3
ujsaæ eksnh dks :l ds lokZsPp ukxfjd lEeku ^vkWMZj vkWiQ ykWUp Oghdy (H3 F3: Flight No.3) ds ekè;e ls mUur Hkwfe
lsaV ,aMª;w n ,iksLVy* (Order of St Andrew the Apostle) ls voyksdu mixzg (ALOS-4) "DAICHI-4" ykWUp fd;kA
lEekfur fd;kA yy ;g mixzg tkiku ds D;w'kw rV ij fLFkr tkiku ,;jksLisl
yy :lh jk"Vªifr Oykfnehj iqfru us Hkkjr&:l laca/ksa dks c<+kok nsus ,DlIyksjs'ku ,tsalh (JAXA) ds rkusxkf'kek Lisl lsaVj ls ç{ksfir
esa ç/kuea=kh ujsaæ eksnh ds ;ksxnku ds fy, mUgsa lEekfur fd;kA fd;k x;kA
gsM vkWfiQl  % 636] Hkw&ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&09
10
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 yy ,MokaLM ySaM vkWCtfoZax lSVsykbV&4 (ALOS-4) "DAICHI-4" fudk; ^ljy yksyd* dgykrk gSA ;gk¡ inkFkZ ds Hkkjh d.k dks
,d lSVy s kbV gS tks vius vkWucksMZ iQsTM ,sjs Vkbi L&cSMa flaFksfVd xksyd rFkk fuyacu fcanq (tgk¡ ls yVdk;k x;k gS) ls xksyd
vipZj jMkj (PALSAR-3) dk mi;ksx djds i`Foh dh lrg ds xq#Ro dsaæ rd dh nwjh dks çHkkoh yackbZ dgrs gSaA
dk fujh{k.k djrk gSA yy oLrqr% yksyd dk vkorZdky xksyd ds æO;eku ij fuHkZj ugha
yy bldk mís'; vkink çfrfØ;k vkSj lqj{kk ds fy, ,d mUur i`Foh djrk gS] tcfd yksyd dh çHkkoh yackbZ ds c<+us ls vkorZdky
voyksdu vkSj ekufp=k.k ds fy, MsVk ,d=k djuk gSA c<+rk gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA yy mnkgj.k ds fy, xfeZ;ksa esa isaMqye okyh ?kM+h ;k yksyd dh
49- mÙkj % (a) çHkkoh yackbZ esa o`f¼ ls vkorZdky c<+ tkrk gS ftlls ?kM+h lqLr
gks tkrh gS] tcfd BaM esa rhoz gks tkrh gSA
O;k[;k %
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
ykWUx jsat XykbM ce % xkSjo
52- mÙkj % (a)
yy j{kk vuqla/ku ,oa fodkl laxBu (DRDO) us gky gh esa Hkkjrh;
ok;q lsuk ds lq•ksbZ&30 ,eds&vkbZ yM+kdw foeku ls ykWUx jsat O;k[;k %
XykbM ce (LRGB) ^xkSjo* (GAURAV) dk igyk mM+ku Bkslksa ds ;kaf=kd xq.k
ijh{k.k vksfM'kk ds rV ij liQyrkiwoZd laiUu fd;kA
çR;kLFkrk
yy xkSjo] ,d gok ls ykWUp fd;k tkus okyk 1]000 fdyksxzke oxZ
yy çR;kLFkrk fdlh inkFkZ dk og xq.k gS ftlds dkj.k oLrq fdlh
dk XykbM ce gS] tks yach nwjh rd y{; dks Hksnus esa l{ke gSA
fo:i.k cy }kjk viuh vkÑfr vFkok vkdkj esa gksus okys
yy bls gSnjkckn fLFkr fjlpZ lsaVj bekjr (RCI) }kjk Lons'kh :i ifjorZu dk fojks/ djrh gS rFkk fo:i.k cy gVk ysus ij og
ls fM”kkbu vkSj fodflr fd;k x;k gSA viuh çkjafHkd voLFkk esa vk tkrh gS ;k vkus dk ç;kl djrh
yy fjlpZ lsaVj bekjr (RCI) MkW- ,-ih-ts- vCnqy dyke felkby gSA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA
dkWEIysDl] Mh-vkj-Mh-vks- dh ,d çeq• ç;ksx'kkyk gS] tks fofo/
yy Bksl oLrq ftl ij cká cy yxk, tkus ij Hkh mlds vkdj ,oa
j{kk ,oa ,;jksLisl vuqç;ksxksa ds fy, ,fo;ksfuDl ç.kkfy;ksa dh
vkÑfr esa dksbZ ifjorZu ugha gksrk vFkkZr oLrq ds fofHkUu d.kksa
,d foLr`r Ük`a•yk esa vuqla/ku ,oa fodkl dk usr`Ro djrh gSA
dh lkis{k fLFkfr;k¡ rFkk bu d.kksa ds chp dh nwfj;k¡ vij ofrZr
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA jgrh gSaA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA
50- mÙkj % (d) yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
O;k[;k % 53- mÙkj % (c)
yy Hkkjr ds lkeqnkf;d jsfM;ks ifjn`'; ds fy, ,d egÙoiw.kZ ehy
O;k[;k %
dk iRFkj lkfcr gq, dsaæh; lwpuk ,oa çlkj.k ea=kh vf'ouh oS".ko
us fe”kksje ds vkbtksy 'kgj esa Hkkjrh; tulapkj laLFkku (IIMC) ok;qeaMyh; nkc (Atmospheric Pressure)
esa ns'k ds 500osa lkeqnkf;d jsfM;ks LVs'ku dk 'kqHkkjaHk fd;kA yy i`Foh dh ,d fuf'pr bdkbZ ;k {ks=kiQy ij ok;qeaMy dh lHkh
yy ;g dk;ZØe ,DV bZLV uhfr ds çfr ljdkj dh çfrc¼rk dks ijrksa }kjk yxus okyk ncko gh ^ok;qeaMyh; nkc* dgykrk gSA
js•kafdr djrk gS vkSj LFkkuh; lapkj vkSj lwpuk çlkj dks c<+kus ok;qeaMyh; nkc dk SI ek=kd ckj ;k ikLdy gksrk gSA bls
esa ,d egÙoiw.kZ fodkl dks n'kkZrk gSA cSjksehVj ls ekik tkrk gSA leqæ ry ij vkSlr ok;q nkc 1013-25
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA feyh ckj (1 ckj ¾ 10N/m²) gksrk gSA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA
yy leqæ ry ls Åij dh vksj tkus ij ok;qeaMyh; nkc de gksrk
51- mÙkj % (a)
tkrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd igkM+ksa ij tkus ls euq"; dh ukd ls
O;k[;k % •wu vkus yxrk gSA cSjksehVj ds ikBÔkad dk rsth ls fxjuk rwiQkuh
ljy yksyd (Simple Pendulum) % ekSle dk vkSj /hjs&/hjs fxjuk o"kkZ dk ladsr nsrk gSA cSjksehVj
yy ;fn ,d Hkkjghu ,oa fu;r yackbZ okyh Mksjh ds ,d fljs ij ds ikBÔkad dk yxkrkj /hjs&/hjs c<+uk çfrpØokr vkSj lkiQ
inkFkZ ds fdlh xksy] fdarq Hkkjh d.k dks yVdkdj Mksjh ds nwljs ekSle dk lwpd gksrk gSA vr% dFku 2 lgh ugha gSA
fljs dks ?k"kZ.kjfgr n`<+ vk/kj ls ck¡/ nsa rks bl çdkj cuk gqvk yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA

gsM vkWfiQl  % 636] Hkw&ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&09

11
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 54- mÙkj % (d) cgqr gh NksVh rjaxnSè;Z ds fo|qr&pqacdh; fofdj.k ls ÅtkZ ds
O;k[;k % vo'kks"k.k ds iQyLo:i mlesa ls bysDVªkWuksa dk mRltZu gksrk gSA
yy lgh lqesyu bl çdkj gS & bls çdk'k&fo|qr çHkko ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA bl çHkko dh
•kst loZçFke 1887 bZ- esa gsufjp gV~tZ us dh FkhA bl ?kVuk dks
   (ekSfyd d.k) (•kstdrkZ) gV~tZ çHkko ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA
hhU;wVªkWu % tsEl pSMfod yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA
hhçksVkWu % jnjiQksMZ
58- mÙkj % (c)
hheslkWu % ,p- ;qdkok
O;k[;k %
hhbysDVªkWu % ts-ts- FkkWelu
jsfM;kslfØ;rk (Radioactivity)
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA
yy jsfM;kslfØ;rk dh •kst 1896 bZ- esa Úk¡lhlh oSKkfud gsujh csdjq y
55- mÙkj % (c) }kjk dh xbZA jsfM;kslfØ;rk@jsfM;ks/feZrk ,d ukfHkdh; ifj?kVuk
O;k[;k % gksrh gS ftlesa ,d vfLFkj ijek.kq vius ukfHkd ls vk;udkjh
leLFkkfud fofdj.k ¹vYiQk (α)] chVk (β) ,oa xkek (y)º ds :i esa ÅtkZ
mRlftZr djrk gSA ,sls inkFkZ tks Lor% ÅtkZ dk mRltZu djrs
yy fdlh rRo ds os ijek.kq ftudh ijek.kq la[;k leku ,oa æO;eku
jgrs gSa] jsfM;ks/ehZ dgykrs gSaA ,sls inkFkks± dk ukfHkd fLFkj ugha
la[;k (ijek.kq Hkkj) fHkUu&fHkUu gksa leLFkkfud dgykrs gSaA
gksrk gS vkSj os fuf'pr ek=kk esa vkosf'kr d.kksa (α] β] y) dk
yy ,d rRo ds nks ;k nks ls vf/d leLFkkfud gks ldrs gSaA mRltZu djrs jgrs gSaA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA
yy blds ukfHkd vLFkk;h gksus ds dkj.k çÑfr esa ugha ik, tkrs vkSj yy gkbMªkstu ce ukfHkdh; lay;u ds fl¼kar ij vk/kfjr gSA
Ñf=ke fof/;ksa ls ç;ksx'kkykvksa esa fufeZr fd;s tkrs gSaA ukfHkdh; lay;u gsrq mPp rki ,oa mPp nkc dh vko';drk
yy Ñf=ke :i ls fufeZr leLFkkfud jsfM;kslfØ; (Radioactive) gksrh gSA vr% gkbMªkstu ce esa ukfHkdh; lay;u çfØ;k djkus
gksrs gSaA ds fy;s igys ijek.kq foLiQksV djk;k tkrk gSA
yy iksyksfu;e ds 27 leLFkkfud gksrs gSaA yy ukfHkdh; lay;u esa fo•aMu ls vf/d ÅtkZ mRikfnr gksrh gSA
yy leLFkkfudksa ds jklk;fud xq.k leku gksrs gSaA vr% gkbMªkstu ce] ijek.kq ce ls vf/d foèoaldkjh gksrs gSaA
yy (A) vkSj (R) nksuksa lgh gSa] fdarq (R)] (A) dh lgh O;k[;k gkbMªkstu ce ds fodkl esa vesfjdh oSKkfud ^,MoMZ Vsyj*
ugha djrk gSA (iQknj vkWiQ gkbMªkstu ce) us egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA vr%
dFku 2 lgh ugha gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA
56- mÙkj % (b)
59- mÙkj % (a)
O;k[;k %
O;k[;k %
yy lgh lqesyu bl çdkj gS &
(dsaæ) (vofLFkfr) IykTek
hhfoØe lkjkHkkbZ varfj{k dsaæ % fr#ouariqje yy bl voLFkk esa d.k vR;f/d ÅtkZ okys vkSj vf/d mÙksftr
gksrs gSaA ;s d.k vk;uhÑr xSl ds :i esa gksrs gSaA ÝyksjkslsaV VÔwc
hhbljks mixzg dsaæ % csaxyq#
vkSj fu;kWu cYc esa IykTek gksrk gSA fu;kWu cYc ds vanj fu;kWu
hhvarfj{k vuqç;ksx dsaæ % vgenkckn xSl vkSj ÝyksjkslsaV VÔwc ds vanj ghfy;e ;k dksbZ vU; xSl gksrh
hhlrh'k /ou varfj{k dsaæ % JhgfjdksVk gSA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA yy fo|qr ÅtkZ çokfgr gksus ij ;g xSl vk;uhÑr ;kuh vkosf'kr
57- mÙkj % (b) gks tkrh gSA vkosf'kr gksus ls VÔwc ;k cYc ds vanj pedhyk
IykTek rS;kj gksrk gSA xSl ds LoHkko ds vuqlkj bl IykTek esa
O;k[;k % ,d fo'ks"k jax dh ped gksrh gSA IykTek ds dkj.k gh lw;Z vkSj
yy vkbaLVhu dks çdk'k&oS|qr çHkko dh O;k[;k ,oa blds fu;e ds rkjksa esa Hkh ped gksrh gSA mPp rkieku ds dkj.k gh rkjksa esa
vkfo"dkj dk Js; çkIr gSA bl dk;Z ds fy, bUgsa o"kZ 1921 esa IykTek curk gSA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA
ukscsy iqjLdkj Hkh çnku fd;k x;k FkkA oLrqr% fdlh inkFkZ }kjk yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
gsM vkWfiQl  % 636] Hkw&ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&09
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 60- mÙkj % (d) yy vfHkdsaæh; cy ds mnkgj.k &
O;k[;k % hhdkj dk lM+d ij eqM+ukA
hhijek.kq esa o`Ùkh; xfrA
fudV&n`f"V nks"k (Myopia)
hhi`Foh dk lw;Z ds pkjksa vksj ifjØe.kA
yy fudV&n`f"V nks"k dks fudVn`f"Vrk (Near-sightedness) Hkh dgrs
gSaA fudV n`f"V nks"k;qDr dksbZ O;fDr fudV j•h oLrqvksa dks rks hhMksjh ls ca/s fiaM dh {kSfrt o`Ùk esa xfrA

Li"V ns• ldrk gS] ijarq nwj j•h oLrqvksa dks og lqLi"V ugha yy oLrqr% okf'kax e'khu] nw/ ls eD•u fudkyus dh e'khu vkfn
ns• ikrkA ,sls nks"k;qDr O;fDr dk nwj&fcanq vuar ij u gksdj us=k vidsaæh; cy ds fl¼kar ij dk;Z djrh gSaA vr% dFku 2 lgh
ds ikl vk tkrk gSA ,slk O;fDr dqN ehVj nwj j•h oLrqvksa dks ugha gSA
gh lqLi"V ns• ikrk gSA fudV&n`f"V nks"k;qDr us=k esa] fdlh nwj yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA
j•h oLrq dk çfrfcac n`f"ViVy (jsfVuk) ij u cudj n`f"ViVy 63- mÙkj % (b)
ds lkeus curk gSA O;k[;k %
yy fudV&n`f"V nks"k ds mRiUu gksus ds fuEufyf•r dkj.k gSa & yy Mkmu flaMªkse % bl vkuqoaf'kd fodkj dk dkj.k 21osa Øksekslkse
hhvfHkus=k ysal dh oØrk dk vR;f/d gksuk vFkok us=k xksyd dh ,d vfrfjDr çfr dk vk tkuk (21 dh f=klw=krk) gSA bl
dk yack gks tkukA bl nks"k dks fdlh mi;qDr {kerk ds vory fodkj dks loZçFke ySUuxMe Mkmu us (1866) •kstk FkkA jksxh
ysal (vilkjh ds mi;ksx }kjk la'kksf/r fd;k tk ldrk gSA O;fDr NksVs dn vkSj NksVs xksy flj dk gksrk gS] thHk esa •k¡p
mi;qDr {kerk dk vory ysal oLrq ds çfrfcac dks okil gksrk gS vkSj eq¡g vkaf'kd :i ls •qyk jgrk gS] pkSM+h gFksyh
n`f"ViVy (jsfVuk) ij ys vkrk gS] rFkk bl çdkj bl nks"k esa vfHkyk{kf.kd ikWYe dht gksrh gSA 'kkjhfjd] eu% çsjd
dk la'kks/u gks tkrk gSA (lkbdkseksVj) vkSj ekufld fodkl vo:¼ jgrk gSA
yy oLrqr% nwj n`f"V nks"k ds mRiUu gksus ds dkj.k esa vfHkus=k ysal yy ,Dok;MZ bE;wuks MsfiQfl,alh flaMªkse (,M~l) % ;g chekjh
áweu bE;wuksMsfiQf'k,alh ok;jl (,pvkbZoh) ds dkj.k gksrh gSA
dh iQksdl nwjh dk vR;f/d gks tkuk vkSj us=k xksyd dk NksVk
,pvkbZoh çfrj{kk ç.kkyh dks uqdlku igqp ¡ krk gS vkSj laØe.k vkSj
gks tkuk 'kkfey gSA
chekfj;ksa ls yM+us dh vkids 'kjhj dh {kerk dks de djrk gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA yy DykbuiQsYVj flaMªkse % bl vkuqoaf'kd fodkj dk dkj.k X
61- mÙkj % (a) Øksekslkse dh ,d vfrfjDr çfrfyfi gS_ ftlds dkj.k dsaæd
esa 47] Øksekslkse (XXY) gks tkrs gSaA ,sls O;fDr lexz :i ls
O;k[;k %
rks iq#"k ç/ku gksrs gSa] fdarq eknk y{k.k (xkbuhdkseSfLVft vFkkZr~
yy lw;Z }kjk çkIr Å"ek dks i`Foh vo'kksf"kr djrh gS rFkk jkr esa L=khor~ iq#"k o{k dk o/Zu) Hkh O;Dr gks tkrs gSa ,sls O;fDr
fofdj.k }kjk Å"ek mRlftZr gksrh gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa fnu esa i`Foh ck¡> gksrs gSaA
}kjk çkIr dh xbZ vkSj jkr esa fofdfjr Å"ek dks ckny vkPNkfnr yy VuZj flaMªkse % bl fodkj dk dkj.k ,d X Øksekslkse dk vHkko
jkrksa esa ckny ijkofrZr djrs gSa] ftlls LoPN vkdk'k okyh jkrksa gksrk gS] vFkkZr~ 45 Øksekslkse dh (XO) fLFkfrA ,slh ukjh ck¡>
dh vis{kk ckny vkPNkfnr jkrsa vf/d xeZ gksrh gSaA gksrh gS_ D;ksafd vaMk'k; vYiof/ 'r gksrs gSa vkSj f}rh;d ySafxd
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA y{k.kksa dk vHkko gksrk gSA
62- mÙkj % (b) yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gS
O;k[;k % 64- mÙkj % (d)
vfHkdsaæh; cy (Centripetal Force) O;k[;k %
yy o`Ùkh; xfr djrh gqbZ oLrq ij ,d cy dk;Z djrk gS ftldh yy lgh lqesyu bl çdkj gS &
fn'kk lnSo o`Ùk ds dsaæ dh vksj gksrh gS] bl cy dks ^vfHkdsaæh; hh•ljk % ;g :csyk ok;jl ds dkj.k gksrk gSA

cy* dgrs gSaA ;g cy ;kaf=kd cy] fo|qr cy vFkok pqacdh; hhfpduikWDl % osfjlsyk&tksLVj ok;jl ds dkj.k gksrk gSA
cy fdlh Hkh :i esa gks ldrk gSA vfHkdsaæh; cy dk eku oLrq hhiksfy;ks % ;g ,aVsjks&ok;jl laØe.k ls gksrk gSA
ds æO;eku rFkk vfHkdsaæh; Roj.k ds xq.kuiQy ds cjkcj gksrk hhjscht % ;g U;wjksVªksfid ok;jl ds dkj.k gksrk gSA
gSA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA hhpspd % ;g oSfj;ksyk ok;jl ds dkj.k gksrk gSA

gsM vkWfiQl  % 636] Hkw&ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&09

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 yy ,MoMZ tsuj us pspd ds fy, 1798 esa pspd ds Vhds dh hhtk;kax % ;g iQwy ds eknk tuu vax gksrs gSaA ;s ,d vFkok
•kst dh FkhA vf/d vaMi ls feydj curs gSaA vaMi ds rhu Hkkx gksrs gSa
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA ofrZdk] ofrZdkxz rFkk vaMk'k;A
65- mÙkj % (c) yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA
O;k[;k % 67- mÙkj % (c)
yy ekuo esa jksx dk dkjd cgqr ls fo"kk.kq Hkh gksrs gSaA fo"kk.kqvksa dk O;k[;k %
,slk gh ,d lewg jkbuksok;jl dk gS tks ekuo esa lcls T;knk yy #f/j % ;g ,d fo'ks"k çdkj dk Ård gS] ftlesa æO; vk/k=kh
laØked jksx lkekU; tqdke iQSykrk gSA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA (eSfVªDl) IykTek rFkk vU; laxfBr lajpuk,¡ ikbZ tkrh gSaA
yy ;s ukd vkSj 'olu iFk dks laØfer djrs gSa] ysfdu iQsiQM+ksa dks
yy yky #f/j df.kdk (bfjFkzkslkbV)] 'osrk.kq (Y;qdkslkbV) rFkk
ughaA vr% dFku 2 lgh ugha gSA
ifV~Vdk.kq (IysVysV~l) dks la;qDr :i ls laxfBr inkFkZ dgrs gSa
vU; rF; vkSj ;s jDr ds yxHkx 45 çfr'kr Hkkx cukrs gSaA
yy ;g jksx lkekU; tqdke ds vfHky{k.k gSaA bl jksx esa uklh; yy bfjFkzkslkbV (jDrk.kq) ;k yky #f/j df.kdk,¡ vU; lHkh
ladqyrk (usty datslu) vkSj vklzko] daB nkg] Loj#{krk dksf'kdkvksa ls la[;k esa vf/d gksrh gSA ,d LoLFk euq"; esa ;s
vFkkZr~ iQVh vkokt] •k¡lh] fljnnZ] FkdkoV vkfn] tks çk;% 3&7 df.kdk,¡ yxHkx 5 ls 5-5 fefy;u çfr?ku feeh- gksrh gSA vr%
fnu rd jgrs gSaA laØfer O;fDr dh •k¡lh ;k Nhadksa ls fudys
fodYi (c) lgh ugha gSA
fcanqd tc LoLFk O;fDr }kjk lk¡l ysus ij vanj tkrs gSa vFkok
isu] fdrkcksa] I;kyksa] njokts dh ewBksa] daI;wVjksa ds dhcksMZ ;k yy ,d LoLFk euq"; esa çfr 100 feyh- jDr esa yxHkx 12 ls 16
ekml tSlh lanwf"kr gqbZ oLrqvksa ds laidZ esa vkrk gS] rks mls Hkh xzke gheksXyksfcu ik;k tkrk gSA bu inkFkks± dh 'olu xSlksa ds
laØe.k gks tkrk gSA ifjogu esa egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA yy yky jDr df.kdkvksa dh vkSlr vk;q 120 fnu gksrh gSA rRi'pkr
budk fouk'k Iyhgk esa gksrk gSA
66- mÙkj % (c)
yy 'osr #f/j % Y;qdkslkbV dks gheksXyksfcu ds vHkko ds dkj.k
O;k[;k % rFkk jaxghu gksus ls 'osr #f/j df.kdk,¡ Hkh dgrs gSaA blesa dsaæd
yy iq"i ds çR;sd Hkkx esa pkj pØ gksrs gSa tSls& dsfYdl] dksjksyk] ik, tkrs gSa rFkk budh la[;k yky jDr df.kdkvksa dh vis{kk
iqeax rFkk tk;kaxA de] vkSlru 6000&8000 çfr ?ku feeh- jDr gksrh gSA lkekU;r%
hhdsfYdl % ;g iq"i dk lcls ckgjh pØ gS vkSj bldh ;s de le; 2 ls 4 fnu rd thfor jgrh gSaA
bdkbZ dks cká ny dgrs gSaA çk;% cká ny gjh ifÙk;ksa dh
yy IykTek (IySTek) % ;g çæO; ,d gYds ihys jax dk xk<+k
rjg gksrs gSa vkSj dyh dh voLFkk esa iQwy dh j{kk djrs gSaA
dsfYdl la;qDr cká nyh (tqM+s gq, cká ny) vFkok i`Fkd rjy inkFkZ gS] tks jDr ds vk;ru dk yxHkx 55 çfr'kr gksrk
cká nyh (eqDr cká ny) gksrs gSaA gSA çæO; esa 90&92 çfr'kr ty rFkk 6&8 çfr'kr çksVhu inkFkZ
gksrs gSaA iQkbfczukstu] Xykscqfyu rFkk ,Ycwfeu Iyk”ek esa mifLFkr
hhdksjksyk % ;g ny (ia•qM+h) dk cuk gksrk gSA ny çk;%
eq[; çksVhu gSaA iQkbfczukstsu dh vko';drk jDr FkDdk cukus
pedhys jaxnkj gksrs gSaA ;s ijkx.k ds fy, dhVksa dks viuh
vksj vkdf"kZr djrs gSaA dsfYdl dh rjg dksjksyk Hkh la;qDr ;k Ldanu esa gksrh gSA
nyh vFkok i`FkDnyh; gks ldrk gSA ikS/ksa esa dksjksyk dh yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA
vkÑfr rFkk jax fHkUu&fHkUu gksrk gSaA tgk¡ rd vkÑfr dk 68- mÙkj % (b)
laca/ gS] og ufydkdkj] ?kaVkdkj] dhi ds vkdkj dk rFkk
pØkdkj gks ldrk gSA O;k[;k %
yy 'oklu dh fØ;kfof/ % 'oklu esa nks pj.k lfEefyr gSa&
hhiqeax % ;g iqadsljksa ls feydj curk gSA çR;sd iqadslj tks
iQwy ds uj tuu vax gSa- esa ,d rarq rFkk ,d ijkxdks'k var%'olu vkSj fu%'oluA
gksrk gSA çR;sd ijkxdks'k çk;% f}ikyd gksrk gS vkSj çR;sd yy var%'olu ftlds nkSjku ok;qeaMyh; ok;q vFkkZr~ vkWDlhtu dks
ikfy esa nks dks"Bd] ijkxdks"k gksrs gSaA ijkx dks"k esa ijkxd.k vanj •hpk tkrk gS vkSj fu%'olu ftlds }kjk iQqÝiQqlh ok;q dks
gksrs gSaA caè; iqadslj tuu djus esa vleFkZ gksrs gSa vkSj og ckgj eqDr fd;k tkrk gSA ok;q dks iQsiQM+ksa ds vanj ys tkus ds
LVsfeuk,M dgykrs gSaA fy, iQsiQM+kas ,oa ok;qeMa y ds chp nkc ço.krk fufeZr dh tkrh gSA
gsM vkWfiQl  % 636] Hkw&ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&09
14
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 yy vr% #f/j vkSj Årdksa ds eè; vkWfDltu dk fofu;eu var% yy ;s lHkh Hkkx feydj vkgkj uky (ikpu uyh) dk fuekZ.k djrs
vkrafjd 'olu ds }kjk gksrk gSA gSaA tSls&tSls Hkkstu fofHkUu Hkkxksa ls xqtjrk gS] mlds fofHkUu
yy var%'olu rHkh gks ldrk gS tc ok;qeaMyh; nkc ls iQsiQM+ksa dh ?kVdksa dk ikpu Hkh Øfed :i ls gksrk tkrk gSA
ok;q dk nkc (varj iQqIiQqlh nkc) de gks vFkkZr~ iQsiQM+ksa dk yy vkek'k; dh vkarfjd fHkfÙk] {kqæka=k rFkk vkgkj uky ls lac¼
nkc ok;qeaMyh; nkc ds lkis{k de gksrk gSA bl rjg fu%'olu fofHkUu xzafFk;k¡ tSls fd ykyk&xzafFk] ;Ñr] vXU;k'k; ikpd jl
rc gksrk gSA tc varj iQqIiQqlh nkc ok;qeaMyh; nkc ls vf/d lzkfor djrh gSaA ikpd jl tfVy inkFkks± dks muds ljy :i esa
gksrk gSA Mk;kÚke vkSj ,d fof'k"V is'kh lewg (ilfy;ksa ds cny nsrs gSaA ;s xzafFk;k¡ feydj ikpu ra=k djrs gSaA
chp fLFkr cká ,oa var% varjki'kZd @baVjdksLVy) bl rjg dh yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA
ço.krk,¡ mRiUu djrs gSaA 71- mÙkj % (a)
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA
O;k[;k %
69- mÙkj % (b) yy ikS/s dh iwjh cká lrg ,ihMfeZl dksf'kdk dh cuh gksrh gSA
O;k[;k % ;g ikS/s ds lHkh Hkkxksa dh j{kk djrh gSA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA
yy ihfy;k (Jaundice)% blesa ;Ñr çHkkfor gksrk gSA ihfy;k esa yy ,ihMeZy dksf'kdk ikS/ksa dh cká lrg ij çk;% ,d ekse tSlh
Ropk vkSj vk¡• esa fiÙk o.kZdksa ds tek gksus ls ihys jax ds ty çfrjks/h ijr cukrh gSA
fn•kbZ nsrs gSaA yy ;g ty {k; ds fo#¼ ;kaf=kd vk?kkr rFkk ijthoh dod ds
yy ;Ñr % ;g euq"; ds 'kjhj dh lcls cM+h xzafFk gS ftldk o;Ld ços'k ls ikS/ksa dh j{kk djrh gSA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA
esa Hkkj yxHkx 1-2 ls 1-5 fdyksxzke gksrk gSA ;g mnj esa eè;iV vU; rF;
ds Bhd uhps fLFkr gksrk gS vkSj bldh nks ikfy;k¡ gksrh gSaA yy vf/dka'k ,ihMeZy dksf'kdk,¡ vis{kkÑr piVh gksrh gSaA lkekU;r%
yy ;Ñr ikfydk,¡ ;Ñr dh lajpukRed vkSj dk;kZRed bdkb;k¡ gSa mudh cká rFkk ik'oZ fHkfÙk;k¡ mudh vkarfjd fHkfÙk;ksa ls eksVh
ftuds vanj ;Ñr dksf'kdk,¡ jTtq dh rjg O;ofLFkr jgrh gSaA gksrh gSaA
çR;sd ikfydk la;ksth Ård dh ,d iryh ijr ls <dh gksrh yy iÙkh dh ,ihMfeZl esa NksVs&NksVs fNæ gksrs gSaA bu fNæksa dks LVksesVk
gS ftls fXylal dsilwy dgrs gSaA ;Ñr dh dksf'kdkvksa ls fiÙk dgrs gSaA LVksesVk dks nks o`Dd ds vkdkj dh dksf'kdk,¡ ?ksjs jgrh
dk lzko gksrk gS tks ;Ñr ufydk ls gksrs gq, ,d iryh is'kh; gSa] ftUgsa j{kh dksf'kdk,¡ dgrs gSaA ;s dksf'kdk,¡ ok;qeaMy ls xSlksa
FkSyh fiÙkk'k; esa lkafær ,oa tek gksrk gSA dk vknku&çnku djus ds fy, vko';d gksrh gSaA ok"iksRltZu
yy fiÙkk'k; dh ufydk ;Ñrh; ufydk ls feydj ,d ewy fiÙk (ok"i ds :i esa ikuh dk fudyuk) dh fØ;k Hkh LVksesVk ds
okfguh cukrh gSA fiÙkk'k;h ufydk ,oa vXuk'k;h ufydk] nksuksa }kjk gksrh gSA
feydj ;Ñr vXuk'k;h okfguh }kjk xzg.kh esa •qyrh gS tks vksMh yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
vojksf/uh ls fu;kZ=kr gksrh gSaA
72- mÙkj % (d)
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA
O;k[;k %
70- mÙkj % (b) yy okbjl dh cká lajpuk çksVhu dh cuh gksrh gS blds vfrfjDr
O;k[;k % vkuqoaf'kd inkFkZ Hkh gksrk gS] tks vkj,u, (RNA) vFkok Mh,u,
yy lgh vuqØe bl çdkj gS & (DNA) gks ldrk gSA
hhvarxzZg.k & ikpu & vo'kks"k.k & Lokaxhdj.k & foltZu yy fdlh Hkh okbjl esa vkj,u, rFkk Mh,u, nksuksa vuqokaf'kd inkFkZ
yy ekuo esa ikpu % ge vius eq• }kjk Hkkstu dk varxzZg.k djrs ds :i esa ugha gksrsA
gSa] bls ipkrs gSa rFkk fiQj mldk mi;ksx djrs gSaA vkgkj dk fcuk yy vfHkdFku (A) lgh gS] fdarq dkj.k (R) xyr gSA
ipk Hkkx ey ds :i esa fu"dkflr fd;k tkrk gSA vU; rF;
yy Hkkstu ,d lrr~ uyh ls xqtjrk gS] tks eq• xqfgdk ls çkjaHk yy okbjl dk dsaæd çksVhu (U;wfDy;ks çksVhu) vkSj bldk vkuqoaf'kd
gksdj xqnk rd tkrk gSA bl uyh dks fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa ck¡V ldrs inkFkZ laØked gksrk gSA
gSa& (i) eq•&xqfgdk (ii) xzkl uyh ;k xzfldk (iii) vkek'k; yy çk;% lHkh ikni okbjl esa ,d yM+h okyk vkj,u, gksrk gS]
(iv) {kqæka=k (NksVh vk¡r) (v) c`gnka=k (cM+h vk¡r) tks eyk'k; vkSj lHkh tarq okbjl esa ,d vFkok nksgjh yM+h okyk vkj,u,
ls tqM+h gksrh gS rFkk (vi) ey}kj vFkok xqnkA vFkok Mh,u, gksrk gSA
gsM vkWfiQl  % 636] Hkw&ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&09
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 yy okbjl dk vFkZ gS fo"k vFkok fo"kSyk rjyA fMfe=kh bckuksoLdh yy blds 'kjhj dk rki fLFkj ugha gksrk gSA 'kjhj dk rki okrkoj.k
(1892) us rackdw ds ekstSd jksx ds jksxk.kqvksa dks igpkuk Fkk] ds rki ds vuqlkj ifjofrZr gksrk jgrk gSA
ftUgsa okbjl uke fn;k x;kA yy vr% dFku 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa lgh gSaA
yy MCY;w- ,e- LVkuys (1935) us crk;k fd okbjl dks josnkj vU; rF;
cuk;k tk ldrk gS vkSj bl jos esa eq[;r% çksVhu gksrk gSA os
yy bl çdkj ds çkf.k;ksa dks vlerkih ;k vfu;rrkih dgrs gSaA
viuh fof'k"V estcku dksf'kdk ds ckgj fuf"Ø; gksrs gSaA okbjl
esa<d ds jax dks ifjofrZr gksrs gq, vkius vo'; ns•k gksxk] ftl
vfodYih ijthoh gSaA le; ;s ?kkl rFkk ue tehu ij gksrs gSaA muesa vius 'k=kqvksa ls
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA fNius ds fy, jax ifjorZu dh {kerk gksrh gS] ftls N‌Ákoj.k dgk
73- mÙkj % (d) tkrk gSA bl j{kkRed jax ifjorZu fØ;k dks vuqgj.k (mimicry)
dgrs gSaA vkius ;g Hkh ns•k gksxk fd esa<d 'khr o xzh"e ½rq
O;k[;k %
esa ugha fn•rsA bl varjky esa ;s lnhZ rFkk xehZ ls viuh j{kk
yy ok"ihdj.k dh xfr fuEufyf•r dkjdksa ij fuHkZj djrh gS %
djus ds fy, xgjs x<~<ksa esa pys tkrs gSaA bl çfØ;k dks Øe'k%
lrgh {ks=kiQy ftldk ok;qeaMy ds çfr ifjR;kx gksrk gS] rkieku]
'khr fuf"Ø;rk (hibernation) o xzh"e fuf"Ø;rk (aestivation)
vkæZrk vkSj ok;q dh xfrA
dgrs gSaA
yy ok"ihdj.k ls BaMd mRiUu gksrh gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA
76- mÙkj % (a)
74- mÙkj % (a)
O;k[;k %
O;k[;k % yy ,Dok jsft;k (jkW;y ty dk ySfVu 'kCn) 3% 1 ds vuqikr esa
yy 'osr #f/j % Y;qdkslkbV dks gh gheksXyksfcu ds vHkko ds dkj.k lkaæ gkbMªksDyksfjd vEy ,oa lkanz ukbfVªd vEy dk rk”kk feJ.k
rFkk jaxghu gksus ds dkj.k 'osr #f/j df.kdk,¡ Hkh dgrs gSaA blesa gksrk gSA
dsaæd ik, tkrs gSa rFkk budh la[;k yky jDr df.kdkvksa dh yy ;g HkHkdrk æo gksus ds lkFk çcy la{kkjd gSA
vis{kk de] vkSlru 6000&8000 çfr ?ku feeh- jDr gksrh gSA
yy ;g mu vfHkdeZdksa esa ls ,d gS tks xksYM ,oa IySfVue dks
yy lkekU;r% ;s de le; 2 ls 4 rd thfor jgrh gSaA xykus esa leFkZ gksrk gSA
yy 'osr #f/j esa U;wVªksfiQy rFkk eksukslkbV (6&8 çfr'kr) Hk{k.k yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
dksf'kdk gksrh gS tks vanj ços'k djus okys cká thoksa dks lekIr
djrh gSA bl çdkj ;s jDr df.kdk,¡ ekuo 'kjhj ds fy, 77- mÙkj % (c)
çfrj{kkRed gksrh gSaA O;k[;k %
yy vr% vfHkdFku (A) vkSj dkj.k (R) nksuksa lgh gSa vkSj (R)] (A) yy fofHkUu /krq,¡ vkWDlhtu ds lkFk fofHkUu vfHkfØ;k'khyrk çnf'kZr
dh lgh O;k[;k djrk gSA djrh gSaA
yy cslksfiQy] fgLVkfeu] fljksVksfuu] fgiSfju vkfn dk lzko djrh yy lkekU; rki ij eSXuhf'k;e] ,syqfefu;e] ftad] ysM vkfn tSlh
gS rFkk 'kksFkdkjh fØ;kvksa esa lfEefyr gksrh gSA bvksfluksfiQy /krqvksa dh lrg ij vkWDlkbM dh iryh ijr p<+ tkrh gSA
(2&3 çfr'kr) laØe.k ls cpko djrh gS rFkk ,ythZ çfrfØ;k vkWDlkbM dh ;g ijr /krqvksa dks iqu% vkWDlhdj.k ls lqjf{kr
esa lfEefyr jgrh gSA fyaiQkslkbV (20&25 çfr'kr) eq[;r% nks j•rh gSA
çdkj dh gSaA ch vkSj Vh& nksuksa çdkj dh fyaiQkslkbV 'kjhj dh yy iksVSf'k;e rFkk lksfM;e tSlh dqN /krq,¡ bruh rs”kh ls vfHkfØ;k
çfrj{kk ds fy, mÙkjnk;h gSaA djrh gSa fd •qys esa j•us ij vkx idM+ ysrh gSaA blfy,] bUgsa
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA lqjf{kr j•us rFkk vkdfLed vkx dks jksdus ds fy, fdjksflu
rsy esa Mqcks dj j•k tkrk gSA
75- mÙkj % (a)
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA
O;k[;k %
yy esa<d og çk.kh gS tks ehBs ty rFkk /jrh nksuksa ij fuokl djrk 78- mÙkj % (c)
gS rFkk d'ks#dh la?k ds ,aiQhfc;k oxZ ls lacaf/r gksrk gSA Hkkjr O;k[;k %
esa ikbZ tkus okyh esa<d dh lkekU; tkfr jkuk fVxzhuk gSA yy czksehu ,slh v/krq gS tks æo gksrh gSA
gsM vkWfiQl  % 636] Hkw&ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&09
16
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 yy blds vykok lkjh v/krq,¡ ;k rks Bksl ;k fiQj xSlsa gksrh gSaA yy pH eku ,d la[;k gS] tks fdlh foy;u dh vEyrk vFkok
yy dkcZu] lYiQj] vk;ksMhu] vkWDlhtu] gkbMªkstu vkfn v/krqvksa {kkjdh;rk dks n'kkZrk gSA
ds dqN mnkgj.k gSaA yy gkbMªksfu;e vk;u dh lkaærk ftruh vf/d gksxh mldk PH
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA mruk gh de gksxkA
79- mÙkj % (a) yy fdlh Hkh mnklhu foy;u ds pH dk eku 7 gksxkA ;fn pH
Ldsy esa fdlh foy;u dk eku 7 ls de gS rks ;g vEyh;
O;k[;k %
foy;u gksxk
yy ftIle dks 373K rkieku ij xeZ djus ij ;g ty ds v.kqvksa
yy ;fn pH eku 7 ls 14 rd c<+rk gS rks ;gk¡ {kkjdh;rk c<+rh gSA
dk R;kx dj dSfYl;e lYiQsV v¼ZgkbMªsV@gsfegkbMªsV (CaSO4-
H O) cukrk gSA yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA
2

yy bls IykLVj vkWiQ isfjl dgrs gSaA 82- mÙkj % (d)

yy bldk mi;ksx MkWDVj VwVh gqbZ gfM~M;ksa dks lgh txg ij fLFkj O;k[;k %
j•us ds fy, djrs gSaA yy cgqr lkjs çkÑfrd inkFkZ_ tSl&s yky iÙkk xksHkh] gYnh] gk;Mªfs t;k]
yy bldk mi;ksx f•ykSuk cukus] ltkoV dk lkeku ,oa lrg dks isVwfu;k ,oa tsjkfu;e] fyVel tSls dbZ iQwyksa dh jaxhu ia•qfM+;k¡
fpduk cukus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA fdlh foy;u esa vEy ,oa {kkjd dh mifLFkfr dks lwfpr djrs gSAa
yy IykLVj vkWiQ isfjl ,d liQsn pw.kZ gS tks ty feykus ij ;g yy fyVel ,d çkÑfrd vEy&{kkj lwpd gksrk gSA
iqu% ftIle cudj dBksj Bksl inkFkZ çnku djrk gSA yy fyVel foy;u cSaxuh jax dk jatd gksrk gS tks FkSyksiQkbVk lewg
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA ds fypsu ikS/s ls fudkyk tkrk gSA
80- mÙkj % (b) yy fyVel foy;u tc u rks vEyh; gksrk gS u gh {kkjdh;] rc
O;k[;k % ;g cSaxuh jax dk gksrk gSA
(çkÑfrd lzksr) (vEy) yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA
fljdk % ,slhfVd vEy 83- mÙkj % (a)
larjk % flfVªd vEy O;k[;k %
beyh % VkVZfjd vEy yy dSfYl;e gkbMªkWDlkbM (cq>k gqvk pwuk) ds foy;u dk mi;ksx
nhokjksa dh liQsnh djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
VekVj % vkWD”ksfyd vEy
yy dSfYl;e gkbMªkWDlkbM ok;q esa mifLFkr dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM ds
•‌V~Vk nw/ (ngh) % ySfDVd vEy lkFk /heh xfr ls vfHkfØ;k djds nhokjksa ij dSfYl;e dkckZsusV
uhacw % flfVªd vEy dh ,d iryh ijr cuk nsrk gSA
phaVh dk Mad % esFksukWbd vEy yy liQsnh djus ds nks&rhu fnu ckn dSfYl;e dkckZsusV dk fuekZ.k
usVy dk Mad % esFksukWbd vEy gksrk gS vkSj blls nhokjksa ij ped vk tkrh gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
81- mÙkj % (c) 84- mÙkj % (d)
O;k[;k % O;k[;k %
yy fdlh foy;u esa mifLFkr gkbMªkstu vk;u dh lkaærk Kkr djus yy mu feJ.kksa] ftuesa ÅèoZikfrr gks ldus okys vo;o gksa] dks
ds fy, ,d Ldsy fodflr fd;k x;k ftls pH Ldsy dgrs gSaA ÅèoZikfrr u gksus ;ksX; v'kqf¼;ksa (bl çdj.k esa ued) ls
yy bl pH esa p lwpd gS] ^iqlkal* (Potenz) tks ,d teZu 'kCn i`Fkd~ djus ds fy, ÅèoZikru dh çfØ;k dk mi;ksx djrs gSaA
gS] dk vFkZ gksrk gS ^'kfDr*A yy veksfu;e DyksjkbM] diwj] usÝFkkyhu vkSj ,aFkzklhu bR;kfn
yy bl pH Ldsy ls lkekU;r% 'kwU; (vf/d vEyrk) ls 14 (vf/d ÅèoZikfrr gksus ;ksX; Bksl inkFkks± ds dqN mnkgj.k gSaA
{kkjh;) rd pH dks Kkr dj ldrs gSaA yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA

gsM vkWfiQl  % 636] Hkw&ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&09

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 85- mÙkj % (c) 88- mÙkj % (a)
O;k[;k % O;k[;k %
yy ihry] f”kad (yxHkx 30») vkSj dkWij (yxHkx 70») dk yy ekuo 'kjhj esa dkckZsgkbMªsV] Xykbdkstu ds :i esa laxzfgr jgrk gSA
feJ.k gSA yy pw¡fd bldh lajpuk ,sfeyksisfDVu ds leku gksrh gS] vr% bls
yy feJ /krq,¡ /krqvksa ds lekaxh feJ.k gksrs gSa ftUgsa HkkSfrd fØ;k ekuo LVkpZ Hkh dgk tkrk gS ,oa ;g ,sfeyksisfDVu ls vf/d
}kjk vo;oksa esa i`Fkd~ ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS ysfdu fiQj Hkh 'kkf•r gksrk gSA
feJ /krqvksa dks feJ.k ekuk tkrk gS D;ksafd ;s vius ?kVdksa ds yy ;g ;Ñr] ekalisf'k;ksa rFkk efLr"d esa mifLFkr jgrk gSA
xq.kksa dks n'kkZrs gSa vkSj i`Fkd~&i`Fkd~ la?kVu j•rs gSaA yy tc 'kjhj dks Xywdksl dh vko';drk gksrh gS] ,Utkbe] Xykbdkstu
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA dks Xywdksl esa rksM+ nsrs gSaA
yy Xykbdkstu ;hLV rFkk dod esa Hkh feyrk gSA
86- mÙkj % (b)
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
O;k[;k %
89- mÙkj % (a)
yy nk<+h cukus ds lkcqu ;k Øhe dks tYnh lw•us ls cpkus ds fy,
buesa fXyljkWy gksrk gSA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA O;k[;k %
yy bUgsa cukrs le; jksftu uked xksan Mkyh tkrh gSA blls lksfM;e yy ty nks çdkj dk gksrk gS&
jksftusV curk gS] tks vPNh rjg >kx cukrk gSA vr% dFku 2 hhdBksj ty % dBksj ty lkcqu ds lkFk iQsu mRiUu ugha
lgh ugha gSA djrk gSA blesa dSfYl;e ,oa eSXuhf'k;e ds DyksjkbM] lYiQsV
yy /qykbZ ds lkcquksa esa lksfM;e jksftCcsV] lksfM;e flfydsV] cksjsDl o ckbdkckZsusV ?kqys jgrs gSaA dBksj ty ihus ds fy, mi;qDr
vkSj lksfM;e dkckZsusV tSls iwjd Mkys tkrs gSaA ugha gksrk gS] D;ksafd blesa ?kqys yo.k LokLF; ds fy, gkfuçn
gksrs gSaA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA
hhe`nq ty % e`nq ty lkcqu ds lkFk vklkuh ls iQsu mRiUu
87- mÙkj % (d) djrk gSA ;g ty ihus dh n`f"V ls mi;qDr gksrk gSA
O;k[;k % yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
yy foVkfeu A dh deh ls& ftjkWÝFkSfYe;k (vk¡• ds dkWfuZ;k dk 90- mÙkj % (a)
dBksjhdj.k)] jkf=k va/rk
O;k[;k %
yy foVkfeu B1 (Fkk;ehu) dh deh ls& csjh&csjh] Hkw• dk de
yy MkbDyksjksesFksu (esfFkyhu DyksjkbM) dk vR;f/d ç;ksx foyk;d
yxuk ds :i esa] isaV viuk;d esa] ,jkslksy esa ç.kksnd ds :i esa rFkk
yy foVkfeu B2 (jkbcksÝysfou) dh deh ls& dhyksfll (eq¡g o vkS"kf/ fuekZ.k dh çfØ;k esa foyk;d ds :i esa fd;k tkrk gSA
gksBksa ds fdukjksa ij njkjsa iM+uk) yy VªkbDyksjkseFs ksu (DyksjksiQkeZ) dk mi;ksx olk] ,sYdsykbM] vk;ksMhu
yy foVkfeu B6 (fifjMkWfDlu) dh deh ls& ejksM+ iM+uk rFkk ,uh inkFkks± ds fy, foyk;d ds :i esa gksrk gSA orZeku
yy foVkfeu B12 dh deh ls& ç.kk'kh jDrkYirk] RBC esa esa bldk eq[; ç;ksx ÚsvkWu ç'khrd R&22 cukus esa gksrk gSA
gheksXyksfcu dh deh yy VsVªkDyksjksesFksu (dkcZu VsVªkDyksjkbM) mi;ksx ç'khrd cukus vkSj
yy foVkfeu C (,sLdkfcZd vEy) dh deh ls& LdohZ (elwM+ksa ls ,sjkslksy dSu ds fy, ç.kksnd ds mRiknu esa fd;k tkrk gSA
jDr cguk) yy ÚsvkWu dk mi;ksx ,sjkslksy ç.kksnd] ç'khrd vkSj ok;q 'khryu
yy foVkfeu D dh deh ls & fjdsV~l (cPpksa esa vfLFk foÑrrk) esa fd;k tkrk gSA
rFkk vkWfLV;ksesysf'k;k (o;Ldksa esa tksM+ksa esa nnZ rFkk vfLFke`nqrk) yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
yy foVkfeu E dh deh ls& RBC dh HkqjHkqjsiu esa o`f¼ rFkk 91- mÙkj % (b)
ekalisf'k;ksa dh de”kksjh O;k[;k %
yy foVkfeu K dh deh ls& jDr ds FkDdk teus ds le; esa o`f¼ yy mÙkj çns'k ljdkj us o`{kkjksi.k tu vfHk;ku&2024 ds rgr
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA ^fe=k ou* ;kstuk dh 'kq#vkr dh gSA
gsM vkWfiQl  % 636] Hkw&ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&09
18
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 yy o`{kkjksi.k tu vfHk;ku dh 'kq#vkr 20 tqykbZ ls gksxhA 95- mÙkj % (c)
yy bl vfHk;ku ds rgr mÙkj çns'k ds 35 f”kyksa esa o`{kkjksi.k fd;k O;k[;k %
tk,xkA yy gSnjkckn fLFkr Hkkjr ck;ksVsd baVjus'kuy fyfeVsM us vksjy gStk
yy bldk y{; mÙkj çns'k esa 35 djksM+ ikS/s yxkuk gSA oSDlhu (OCV) ^fgydkWy* (BBV131) ykWUp dh gSA bls fgyeSu
yy mÙkj çns'k ou foHkkx] o`{kkjksi.k tu vfHk;ku&2024 ds rgr fe=k yScksjsVjht ds ykblsal ds rgr fodflr fd;k x;k gSA
ou ;kstuk dks ykxw djus ds fy, uksMy ,tsalh gSA yy oSDlhu ds tud tu gksYexzsu ds vuqlkj ;g oSf'od gStk
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA jksdFkke ç;klksa esa ,d egÙoiw.kZ ehy dk iRFkj gSA fo'o LokLF;
laxBu (WHO) us o"kZ 2030 rd gStk dks lekIr djus dk
92- mÙkj % (c) y{; j•k gSA
O;k[;k %
fgydkWy oSDlhu dh fo'ks"krk,¡
yy Hkkjr vkSj MsuekdZ dh ljdkjksa ds chp gfjr j.kuhfrd lk>snkjh yy mPp xq.koÙkk % cgq&pj.kh; uSnkfud ewY;kadu çfØ;k us Vhds
ls egÙoiw.kZ lg;ksx dks c<+kok feyk gS] ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i dh lqj{kk] çfrj{kkRedrk vkSj ekStwnk OCVs dh rqyuk esa mPp
okjk.klh esa LoPN ufn;ksa ij LekVZ ç;ksx'kkyk (SLCR) dh xq.koÙkk dh iqf"V dh gSA ;g gStk ds u, LVªsu ds fo#¼ çfrj{kk
LFkkiuk gqbZ gSA çnku djus esa l{ke gSA
yy ;g xBca/u Hkkjr ljdkj (ty lalk/u] unh fodkl vkSj yy lHkh vk;q oxks± ds fy, lqjf{kr % fgydkWy oSDlhu dh nks
xaxk laj{k.k foHkkx)] Hkkjrh; çkS|ksfxdh laLFkku& cukjl fganw •qjkdsa 14 fnuksa ds varjky ds lkFk nh tkrh gSA ;g ,d o"kZ ls
fo'ofo|ky; (vkbZvkbZVh&ch,p;w) vkSj MsuekdZ ljdkj ds vf/d vk;q ds lHkh yksxksa ds fy, mi;qDr gSA
chp ,d vuwBh f=ki{kh; igy gS] ftldk mís'; NksVh ufn;ksa ds yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA
laj{k.k vkSj çca/u esa mRÑ"Vrk ykuk gSA
96- mÙkj % (a)
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA
O;k[;k %
93- mÙkj % (a)
yy vesfjdk fLFkr varfj{k vUos"k.k ,oa vuql/ a ku ,tsl
a h (,l-bZ-vkj-,-)
O;k[;k % us lkseokj dks Hkkjr dks vius ekuo varfj{k mM+ku dk;ZØe esa
yy nf{k.k vÚhdk fo'o dh lcls vf/d dkcZu&xgu çeq• lk>snkj ns'k ?kksf"kr fd;k] ftlds rgr nqfu;k Hkj ls Ng ukxfjd
vFkZO;oLFkk gS rFkk 'kh"kZ 15 xzhugkml xSl mRltZdksa esa ls ,d gSA varfj{k ;k=kh varfj{k esa Hksts tk,axsA
yy nf{k.k vizQhdk ds jk"Vªifr flfjy jkeiQkslk us gky gh esa ,d yy Cyw vksfjftu ds lg;ksx ls fØ;kfUor fd;k tk jgk ;g dk;ZØe
u, tyok;q ifjorZu vf/fu;e ij gLrk{kj fd, gSa] tks ns'k ds mu ns'kksa ds yksxksa ds fy, gS] ftUgksaus varfj{k esa ^cgqr de ;k
fy, viuh rjg dk igyk dkuwu gSA dksbZ varfj{k ;k=kh ugha* Hkstk gSA
yy bl dkuwu dk mís'; ns'k ds xzhugkml xSl mRltZu dks de yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
djuk vkSj oSf'od ç.kkyh esa igys ls ekStwn tyok;q ifjorZu ds 97- mÙkj % (b)
çHkkoksa dks de djuk vkSj muds vuqdwy cukuk gSA
O;k[;k %
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
yy varjjk"Vªh; vksyafid lfefr (vkbZ-vks-lh-) us o"kZ 2030 esa gksus
94- mÙkj % (b) okys 'khrdkyhu vksyafid •syksa dh estckuh Úk¡l dks lkSaius dk
O;k[;k % iQSlyk fd;k] ysfdu lkFk gh dqN 'krZsa Hkh tksM+h gSaA bu •syksa
yy dsaæh; i;kZoj.k] ou vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu ea=kh Hkwisaæ ;kno }kjk dk vk;kstu Úsap vkYIl esa fd;k tk,xkA
5 vxLr] 2024 dks dukZVd ds vkfnpqapufxjh vkSj dsjy ds yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA
pwykUuwj dks eksj vHk;kj.; ?kksf"kr fd;kA 98- mÙkj % (c)
yy vkfnpqapufxjh eksj vHk;kj.; eksjksa dh c<+rh vkcknh ds dkj.k O;k[;k %
o"kZ 1981 esa dukZVd ds eaMÔk f”kys ds ukeeaxyk rkyqdk esa yy 24 vxLr] 2024 dks mÙkj çns'k ljdkj }kjk nh xbZ tkudkjh ds
LFkkfir fd;k x;kA vuqlkj] eq[;ea=kh gfjr lM+d volajpuk fodkl ;kstuk (CM-
yy pwykUuwj eksj vHk;kj.; dk LFkkuh; uke ef;ykMqaikjk gSA GRIDS) ds rgr jkT; dh igyh ,dhÑr gfjr 'kgjh lM+d
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA esjB esa cusxhA
gsM vkWfiQl  % 636] Hkw&ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&09
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 yy ;g gfjr lM+d ifj;kstuk 2-15 fdyksehVj ls yach gksxhA yy ty dk e`nk ls ikS/ksa dh tM+ksa esa vkSj fiQj ikS/s ds Åij ds
yy twu 2026 rd bl ifj;kstuk ds iw.kZ gksus dh mEehn gSA fgLlksa esa igq¡puk vkf'kd :i ls ijklj.k ds dkj.k gksrk gSA
yy bl ifj;kstuk dh vuqekfur ykxr 40 djksM+ #i;s gSA yy ekal esa yo.k feykdj laj{k.k ,oa iQyksa esa 'kdZjk feykdj laj{k.k
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA cSDVhfj;k dh fØ;k dks jksdrk gSA
yy ijklj.k ds dkj.k ued;qDr ekal ,oa feJh esa j[ks x, iQy ij
99- mÙkj % (d)
fLFkj cSDVhfj;e ty ßkl ds dkj.k ladqfpr gksdj ej tkrk gSA
O;k[;k % yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA
yy uxkySaM vkink tksf•e gLrkarj.k iSjkehfVªd chek lek/ku
(DRTPS) ykxw djus okyk ns'k dk igyk jkT; cu x;k gSA
103- mÙkj % (b)
yy 2 vxLr] 2024 dks uxkySaM ljdkj vkSj SBI tujy ba';ksjsal us O;k[;k %
DRTPS ds fy, le>kSrk Kkiu ij gLrk{kj fd,A yy fuyafcr d.kdh; inkFkZ ,d fo"kekaxh feJ.k gS] ftlesa foys;
yy DRTPS dk mís'; egÙoiw.kZ cqfu;knh <k¡ps dh j{kk djuk vkSj inkFkZ d.k ?kqyrs ugha gSa cfYd ekè;e dh lef"V esa fuyafcr
pje ekSle dh ?kVukvksa ls gksus okys vkfFkZd uqdlku dks de jgrs gSaA
djuk gSA yy fuyacu ds xq.k/eZ &
yy uxkySaM ljdkj }kjk Hkqxrku fd;k x;k chek çhfe;e 3 lky hh;g ,d fo"kekaxh feJ.k gSA
(2024&27) esa vkink gksus dh fLFkfr esa ykxrksa dks doj djsxkA hh;s d.k uXu vk¡•ksa ls ns•s tk ldrs gSaA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA hh;s fuyafcr d.k çdk'k dh fdj.k dks iQSyk nsrs gSa] ftlls

100- mÙkj % (d) mldk ekxZ n`f"Vxkspj gks tkrk gSA

hhtc bls 'kkar NksM+ nsrs gSa rc ;s d.k uhps dh vksj cSB tkrs
O;k[;k %
gSa vFkkZr~ fuyacu vLFkk;h gksrk gSA Nkuu fof/ }kjk bu d.kksa
yy Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ ds ofj"B usrk vkSj lhrkiqj ds iwoZ lkaln
dks feJ.k ls i`Fkd~ fd;k tk ldrk gSA
^jkts'k oekZ* dks mÙkj çns'k jkT; fiNM+k oxZ vk;ksx dk vè;{k
euksuhr fd;k x;kA hhtc lHkh d.k uhps cSB tkrs gSa rks fuyacu lekIr gks tkrk gS

yy fe”kkZiqj ds lksgu yky Jhekyh vkSj jkeiqj ds lw;Z çdk'k iky rFkk foy;u esa çdk'k dh fdj.k dk çdh.kZu #d tkrk gSA
dks mikè;{k ukfer fd;k x;k gSA blds vykok 24 lnL; Hkh yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA
cuk, x, gSaA 104- mÙkj % (a)
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA O;k[;k %
101- mÙkj % (d) yy 'kkjhfjd çfØ;k ds dkj.k xfeZ;ksa esa gesa T;knk ilhuk vkrk gS]
O;k[;k % ftlls gesa 'khryrk feyrh gSA
yy vf/d Å¡pkbZ okyh txgksa ij vkWDlhtu dk vkaf'kd nkc lrgh yy ok"ihdj.k ds nkSjku æo dh lrg ds d.k gekjs 'kjhj ;k vklikl
LFkkuksa ls de gksrk gS vr% bu txgksa ij jgus okys yksxksa ,oa ls ÅtkZ çkIr djds ok"i esa cny tkrs gSaA
vkjksgdksa ds #f/j vkSj Årdksa esa vkWDlhtu dh lkaærk fuEu yy ok"ihdj.k dh xqIr Å"ek ds cjkcj Å"eh; ÅtkZ gekjs 'kjhj ls
gks tkrh gSA vo'kksf"kr gks tkrh gS] ftlls 'kjhj 'khry gks tkrk gSA
yy blds dkj.k vkjksgd de”kksj gks tkrs gSa vkSj Li"Vr;k lksp yy pw¡fd lwrh diM+ksa esa ty dk vo'kks"k.k vf/d gksrk gS] blfy,
ugha ikrsA gekjk ilhuk blesa vo'kksf"kr gksdj ok;qeaMy esa vklkuh ls
yy bu y{k.kksa dks ,sukWfDl;k dgrs gSaA ok"ihÑr gks tkrk gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
102- mÙkj % (d) 105- mÙkj % (a)
O;k[;k % O;k[;k %
yy ijklj.k ds dkj.k eqj>k;s iq"i ty esa j•us ij iqu% rk”ks gks yy iQhukWy] ftls dkckZsfyd vEy Hkh dgrs gSa] dk fojpu loZçFke
tkrs gSaA mUuhloha 'krkCnh ds çkjaHk esa dksyrkj ls fd;k x;k FkkA
gsM vkWfiQl  % 636] Hkw&ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&09
20
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 yy vktdy iQhukWy dk vkS|ksfxd mRiknu la'ys"k.k }kjk fd;k 108- mÙkj % (c)
tkrk gSA O;k[;k %
yy ç;ksx'kkyk esa iQhukWy dks csUthu ds O;qRiUuksa ls fuEufyf•r esa jk"Vªh; HkkSfrd ç;ksx'kkyk (lh-,l-vkbZ-vkj-&,u-ih-,y-)]
ls fdlh Hkh fof/ ls çkIr fd;k tk ldrk gS& Dyksjkscsa”khu ls] ubZ fnYyh
csathu lYiQksfud vEy ls] Mkbtksfu;e ls] D;wehu lsA yy jk"Vªh; HkkSfrd ç;ksx'kkyk (,u-ih-,y-) dh ladYiuk 1943 esa
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA oSKkfud vkSj vkS|ksfxd vuqla/ku ifj"kn~ (lh-,l-vkbZ-vkj-) ds
'kklh fudk; }kjk dh xbZ FkhA laln ds vf/fu;e }kjk bl çeq•
106- mÙkj % (a) ç;ksx'kkyk dks Hkkjr dk ^jk"Vªh; ekiu laLFkku* (,u-,e-vkbZ-)
O;k[;k % cuus dk vf/dkj fn;k x;k gS vkSj ;g ns'k dh vko';drkvksa
ds vuqlkj ekiu ds çlkj dh ftEesnkjh ds lkFk ^jk"Vªh; ekudksa*
xzsiQkbV dk laj{kd gSA
yy ;g eqyk;e gksrk gSA yy lh-,l-vkbZ-vkj-&,u-ih-,y- Hkkjrh; ekud le; (vkbZ-,l-Vh-)
yy ;g fo|qr dk lqpkyd gksrk gSA dk j•j•ko djrk gSA Hkkjrh; foKku vkSj m|ksx ds fodkl batuksa
yy ;g dkx”k ij jxM+us ls dkyk fu'kku cukrk gSA dks pykus ds fy, lVhd vkSj lVhd eki vko';d gSa D;ksafd
;g vO;oLFkk dks nwj djrk gS vkSj uokpkjksa dks c<+kok nsrk gS]
yy bldk vkisf{kd ?kuRo 2-2 gksrk gSA ftlls cnys esa] dherh thou] lalk/u vkSj le; dh cpr gksxhA
yy blds joksa dh lajpuk "kVdks.kh; tkyd lrg ds :i esa gksrh gSA yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA
yy blds vkHkw"k.k fufeZr ugha gksrs gSaA 109- mÙkj % (a)
yy ;g vikjn'khZ ,oa jk• ds jax dk gksrk gSA O;k[;k %
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA ';kurk (Viscosity)
107- mÙkj % (b) yy rjy inkFkks± esa çokfgr gksus dk xq.k gksrk gS ftls rjyrk dgrs
gSaA tc dksbZ rjy çokfgr gksrk gS rks mldh nks Øekxr ijrksa
O;k[;k % ds eè; ,d ?k"kZ.k cy yxrk gS tks mudh lkisf{kd xfr dk
yy lgh lqesyu bl çdkj gS & fojks/ djrk gS] bls ^';ku cy* (Viscous Force) dgrs gSaA
(midj.k)   (ÅtkZ dk :ikarj.k) rjyrk ds foijhr ';kurk gS] vFkkZr~ rjyksa esa çokg ds xq.k dk
hhfo|qr cYc % fo|qr ÅtkZ dks Å"ek o çdk'k ÅtkZ esa fojks/ ^';kurk* dgykrk gSA ;g xfr esa çfrjks/ mRiUu djrh
gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] rjy dk og xq.k ftlds dkj.k og viuh
hhfo|qr lsy % jklk;fud ÅtkZ dks fo|qr ÅtkZ esa lehiorhZ ijrksa ds chp gksus okyh lkisf{kd xfr dk fojks/ djrk
hhlksyj lsy % çdk'k ÅtkZ dks fo|qr ÅtkZ esa gS] ^';kurk* dgykrk gSA
hheksecÙkh % jklk;fud ÅtkZ dks Å"ek ÅtkZ esa yy ';kurk rjyksa (æo ,oa xSl) dk xq.k gSA ;g muds v.kqvksa ds
chp vkd"kZ.k cy (llatd cy) rFkk vk.kfod Ük`a•ykvksa ds
hhiQksVks bysfDVªd lsy % çdk'k ÅtkZ dks fo|qr ÅtkZ esa
chp ?k"kZ.k ds dkj.k mRiUu gksrh gSA æoksa dh ';kurk xSlksa ls
hhMk;ueks % ;kaf=kd ÅtkZ dks fo|qr ÅtkZ esa vf/d gksrh gSA
hhfo|qr eksVj % fo|qr ÅtkZ dks ;kaf=kd ÅtkZ esa yy vkerkSj ij irys æoksa] tSls& ty] ,Ydksgy vkfn dh ';kurk
xk<+s æoksa] tSls& 'kgn] dksyrkj] jDr] fXyljhu vkfn ls de
hhykmMLihdj % fo|qr ÅtkZ dks èofu ÅtkZ esa
gksrh gSA blh dkj.k ty rst xfr ls] tcfd 'kgn /heh xfr
hhekbØksiQksu % èofu ÅtkZ dks fo|qr ÅtkZ esa ls cgrk gSA ;fn bu nksuksa æoksa (ty vkSj 'kgn) esa LVhy dh
hhflrkj % ;kaf=kd ÅtkZ dks èofu ÅtkZ esa xsanksa dks xfr djkbZ tk, rks ;s ty esa rst] tcfd 'kgn esa /heh
pky ls xfr djrh gSaA
hhbatu % Å"ek ÅtkZ dks ;kaf=kd ÅtkZ esa
yy oLrqr% rki c<+us ij æo dh ';kurk ?kVrh gS] tcfd xSlksa dh
hhdks;ys dk tyuk % jklk;fud ÅtkZ dks Å"ek ÅtkZ esa c<+rh gSA ,d vkn'kZ rjy dh ';kurk 'kwU; gksrh gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
gsM vkWfiQl  % 636] Hkw&ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&09
21
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 110- mÙkj % (a) yy ;g /krq dBksj] pedhyh vkSj lysVh&pk¡nh jax dh gksrh gSA
O;k[;k % yy ;g ekuo LokLF; dks gkfu Hkh igqp
¡ krk gSA blls mRlftZr xkek fofdj.k
ds laidZ esa vf/d nsj rd jgus ls dSl a j dh vk'kadk c<+ tkrh gSA
mRIykod cy (Buoyant Force)
yy rjy ds vanj fdlh oLrq ij Åij dh vksj ,d cy dk;Z djrk mi;ksx
gS tks oLrq dks Åij dh vksj mBkus ;k rSjus esa enn djrk gS] yy dSalj mipkj esaA
bls ^mR{ksi* (Upthrust) ;k ^mRIykod cy* dgrs gSaA vr% yy vkS|ksfxd jsfM;ksxkz iQh esa (bekjrh <k¡ps esa deh dk irk yxkus esa)A
dFku 1 lgh gSA yy fpfdRlk laca/h midj.kksa dh LoPNrk ,oa Leksd fMVsDVj]
yy ;g cy oLrqvksa }kjk gVk, x, æo ds xq#Ro&dsaæ ij dk;Z djrk jsfM;ks,fDVo VªsllZ] iQwM vkSj CyM bjsfM'ku tSls dk;ks± esaA
gS ftls ^mRIykou dsaæ* (Center of Buoyancy) dgrs gSaA bldk yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA
vè;;u loZçFke vkfdZfeMht us fd;k FkkA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA
113- mÙkj % (a)
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
O;k[;k %
111- mÙkj % (a)
ystj (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of
O;k[;k %
Radiation-LASER)
Iyou dk fu;e (Laws of Flotation) yy ystj dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gS& fofdj.k ds míhIr mRltZu
yy larqfyr voLFkk esa rSjus ij oLrq vius Hkkj ds cjkcj æo }kjk çdk'k dk ço¼ZuA bldh •kst vesfjdk esa fFk;ksMksj
foLFkkfir djrh gSA ,p- eSesu }kjk dh xbZA oLrqr% çdk'k rjaxksa ij vk/kfjr ystj
yy Bksl dk xq#Ro&dsaæ rFkk gVk, x, æo dk xq#Ro&dsaæ nksuksa ,d ,d ,slh ;qfDr gS ftlesa fofdj.k ds çsfjr mRltZu }kjk ,do.khZ
gh ÅèokZ/j js•k esa gksus pkfg,A (Monochromatic) çdk'k çkIr fd;k tkrk gSA ystj rjaxksa dh
yy ftl oLrq dk ?kuRo æo ls vf/d gksxk] ml ij yxus okyk vko`fÙk leku gksrh gSA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA
mRIykod cy mlds Hkkj ls de gksxk vkSj og oLrq Mwc tk,xhA ystj ds mi;ksx
yy ftl oLrq dk ?kuRo æo ls de gksxk] mldk vk;ru vf/d yy CD/DVD ij vk¡dM+ksa ds laxzg.k ,oa HkaMkj.k esaA
gksus ds dkj.k ml ij yxus okyk mRIykod cy mlds Hkkj ls
yy çdk'k rarq vkSj v¼Zpkyd ystj ds lgla;kstd ls fufeZr
T;knk gksxk vkSj og oLrq rSjrh jgsxhA
vkWfIVdy lwpuk çlaLdj.k dk mi;ksx fiQaxj fçaV igpku rFkk
mnkgj.k & mixzgksa ,oa ,;jØkÝVksa }kjk •haph xbZ rLohjksa dk çlaLdj.k
yy yksgs dk ,d VqdM+k ikuh esa Mwc tkrk gS] tcfd ikjs ij rSjrk djus esaA
jgrk gS D;ksafd yksgs dk ?kuRo ikjs ls de] ysfdu ty ls yy nwjh o le; ekiu esa] 3D fp=k •hapus esa] mM+ku iFk ds fu/kZj.k
vf/d gksrk gSA esa rFkk vkS|ksfxd {ks=k ,oa j{kk {ks=k esaA
yy unh ds ty dh vis{kk leqæh ty esa rSjuk vklku gksrk gS D;ksafd yy jklk;fud vfHkfØ;kvksa esa vfHkçsj.k ;k mRçsj.k ds :i esaA
unh ds ty dk ?kuRo leqæh ty ds ?kuRo ls de gksrk gSA
yy LokLF; ,oa fpfdRlk {ks=k esa chekfj;ksa ds funku esa] dSalj mipkj
yy gkbMªkstu xSl ls Hkjk xqCckjk ok;qeaMy esa Åij mBrk pyk tkrk esa] ân; dh /efu;ksa esa vojks/ nwj djus esa] us=k fodkj nwj djus
gSa D;ksafd bldk vkSlr ?kuRo ok;q ls de gksrk gSA esa rFkk fiÙkk'k; o xqnZs (Gallbladder & Kidney) dh iFkjh ds
yy ciQZ dk ?kuRo ty dh vis{kk de gksrk gS] bl dkj.k ciQZ ty mipkj esaA
ij rSjrh gSA yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
114- mÙkj % (a)
112- mÙkj % (d)
O;k[;k %
O;k[;k % yy v¡xhBh esa tyus okyk dks;yk ;k rkjdksy dHkh&dHkh yky jax
dksckYV&60 ds leku mTToy gksrk gS rFkk fcuk Tokyk ds Å"ek nsrk gSA
yy ;g ekuo fufeZr leLFkkfud gSA ;g laØe.k /krq ds lewg dk ,slk blfy, gksrk gS D;ksafd dsoy xSlh; inkFkks± ds tyus ij gh
lnL; gSA Tokyk mRiUu gksrh gSA

gsM vkWfiQl  % 636] Hkw&ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&09

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 yy ydM+h ;k rkjdksy tykus ij mifLFkr ok"i'khy inkFkZ ok"ihÑr iQkbysfj;k (ftls vkerkSj ij ,fyiQsafV;kfll ds :i esa tkuk
gks tkrs gSa rFkk vkjaHk esa Tokyk ds lkFk tyrs gSaA tkrk gS) 'kkfey gSaA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA
115- mÙkj % (a) 117- mÙkj % (b)
O;k[;k % O;k[;k %
yy yksgk lokZf/d mi;ksx esa vkus okyh /krq gSA yy lkYeksusyk VkbiQh ,d jksxtud thok.kq gS ftlls ekuo esa
yy dHkh Hkh 'kq¼ voLFkk esa bldk mi;ksx ugha fd;k tkrkA ,slk VkbiQkWbM Toj gksrk gSA
blfy, D;ksafd 'kq¼ yksgk vR;Ur ueZ gksrk gS ,oa xeZ djus ij yy ;g jksxtud vkerkSj ls lanwf"kr (daVkfeusVsM) Hkkstu vkSj ikuh
lqxerkiwoZd f•ap tkrk gSA }kjk NksVh vk¡r esa ?kql tkrk gS vkSj ogk¡ ls jDr }kjk 'kjhj ds
yy ;fn blesa FkksM+k dkcZu (yxHkx 0-05 çfr'kr) feyk fn;k tkrk vU; vaxksa esa igq¡p tkrk gSA vr% fodYi (b) lgh ugha gSA
gS rks ;g dBksj rFkk çcy gks tkrk gSA yy bl jksx ds dqN lkekU; y{k.k gSa& yxkrkj mPp Toj (39° ls
yy yksgs ds lkFk fudsy ,oa Øksfe;e feykus ij gesa LVsuysl bLikr 40° lsfYl;l)] detksjh] vkek'k; esa ihM+k] dCt] fljnnZ vkSj
çkIr gksrk gS tks dBksj gksrk gS rFkk mlesa tax ugha yxrk gSA Hkw• u yxuk vkfnA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA yy xaHkhj ekeyksa esa vka=k esa Nsn vkSj e`R;q Hkh gks ldrh gSA
116- mÙkj % (c) yy VkbiQkWbM Toj dh iqf"V foMky ijh{k.k ls gks ldrh gSA
O;k[;k % yy vk;qfoZKku esa ,d fpjçfrf"Br ekeyk] eSjh eSykWu (miuke
VkbiQkbM eSjh) dk gS ftldk ;gk¡ mYys• djuk lVhd gSA og
yy vkuqoaf'kd fodkj % ekuo lekt esa oa'kkxr ;k ih<+h nj ih<+h
is'ks ls jlksbZ;k Fkh vkSj tks •kuk og cukrh Fkh mlds }kjk o"kks±
pyus okys fodkjksa dks vkuqoaf'kd fodkj dgk tkrk gSA
rd VkbiQkWbM okgd ds :i esa VkbiQkWbM iQSykrh jghA
yy gheksfiQfy;k] FkSyslhfe;k ,oa o.kkZa/rk ;s rhuksa vkuqoaf'kd fodkj
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA
gSa tks ih<+h nj ih<+h pyrs jgrs gSaA
yy gheksiQhfy;k& blesa çHkko jfgr okgd ukjh ls uj&larfr dks 118- mÙkj % (c)
jksx dk lapkj gksrk gS bl jksx esa #f/j ds FkDdk cuus ls lac¼ O;k[;k %
,dy çksVhu çHkkfor gksrk gSA yy mPp jDr nkc (vfr ruko) % ;g jDr nkc dh og voLFkk
yy ;g ,dy çksVhu ,d çksVhu Ük`a•yk dk va'kek=k gksrk gSA blds gS] ftlesa jDr pki lkekU; (120@80) ls vf/d gksrk gSA
dkj.k vkgr O;fDr ds 'kjhj dh ,d NksVh lh pksV ls Hkh #f/j yy bl ekinaM esa 120 feeh- ,p th (feyhehVj esa edZjh ncko) dks
dk fudyuk can gh ugha gksrkA çdqapu ;k iafiax nkc vkSj 80 feeh- ,p- th- dks vuqf'kfFkyu ;k
yy FkSyslhfe;k % ;g Hkh ,d vfyax Øksekslkse layXu vçHkkoh fojke dky (lgt) jDr nkc dgrs gSaA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA
thu jDr fodkj gS tks tudksa ls larfr dks oa'kkuqxr çkIr gksrk yy ;fn fdlh dk jDr nkc ckj&ckj ekius ij Hkh O;fDr 140@90
gS] tcfd tud ;qxy ds nksuksa lnL; vçHkkoh thu ds okgd ;k blls vf/d gksrk gS rks og vfr ruko çnf'kZr djrk gSA
(vFkok fo"ke ;qXeth) gksus ds dkj.k vçHkkfor jgrs gSaA vr% dFku 2 lgh ugha gSA
yy ;g fodkj ;k rks mRifjorZu vFkok foyksiu ds ifj.kkeLo:i yy mPp jDr pki ân; dh chekfj;ksa dks tUe nsrk gS rFkk vU;
mRiUu gksrk gS ftlesa gheksXyksfcu cukus okys Xyksfcu dh egÙoiw.kZ vaxksa tSls efLr"d rFkk o`Dd tSls vaxksa dks çHkkfor
fdlh ,d Ük`a•yk (,oa) dh la'ys"k.k nj esa deh vk tkrh gSA djrk gSA
ifj.kker% foÑr gheksXyksfcu dk la'ys"k.k gksrk gS rFkk jDrkYirk yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA
(,uhfe;k) gks tkrh gS tks bl jksx dk vfHky{k.k gSA
yy o.kk±/rk % ;g fyax lgyXu vçHkkoh fodkj gSA ;g fodkj yky 119- mÙkj % (d)
vFkok gjs o.kZ laosnh 'kadq ds =kqfViw.kZ gksus ds dkj.k gksrk gSA O;k[;k %
ifj.kker% O;fDr yky ,oa gjs o.kZ (jax) esa foHksn ugha dj ikrkA yy jDr lewg (CyM xzqi) % euq"; dk jDr ,d tSlk fn•rs gq,
yy iQkbysfj;k % ;g jksx ijthoh Ñfe;ksa ds dkj.k gksrk gS tks Hkh dqN vFkks± esa fHkUu gksrk gSA jDr dk dbZ rjhds ls lewghdj.k
jDr&pwlus okys dhM+ksa ds dkVus ls iQSyrk gSA chekfj;ksa ds fd;k x;k gSA buesa ls nks eq[; lewg ABO rFkk Rh dk mi;ksx
bl nqcZy djus okys lewg esa fjoj CykbaMusl vkSj fyEiQSfVd iwjs fo'o esa gksrk gSA
gsM vkWfiQl  % 636] Hkw&ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&09
23
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 yy ABO lewg eq[;r% ;g yky #f/j df.kdkvksa dh lrg ij nks 121- mÙkj % (d)
çfrtuk tu dh mifLFkfr ;k vuqifLFkr ij fuHkZj gksrk gSA ;s O;k[;k %
,saVhtu A vkSj B gSa tks çfrj{kk vuqfØ;k dks çsfjr djrs gSaA blh yy vkgkj esa çksVhu ,oa lai.w kZ vkgkj dSyksjh dh vi;kZIr ek=kk@dqiks"k.k]
çdkj fofHkUu O;fDr;ksa esa nks çdkj ds çkÑfrd çfrj{kh@,aVhcksMh nf{k.k ,oa nf{k.k&iwoZ ,f'k;k] nf{k.kh vesfjdk rFkk if'peh ,oa
('kjhj çfrjks/h) feyrs gSaA çfrj{kh os çksVhu inkFkZ gSa tks çfrtu eè; vÚhdk ds vusd de fodflr {ks=kksa esa foLr`r leL;k gSA
ds fo#¼ iSnk gksrs gSaA euq"; esa pkj jDr lewg] A] B] AB] yy çksVhu ÅtkZ dqiks"k.k (PEM) f'k'kqvksa ,oa cPpksa dks çHkkfor
vkSj O ik, tkrs gSaA djrk gS rFkk ejkLel vkSj Dokf'kvksjdj jksx mRiUu djrk gSA
yy nkrk ,oa xzkgh@vknkrk ds jDr lewgksa dk jDr p<kus ls igys yy ^ejkLel* çksVhu vkSj dSyksjh nksuksa dh ,d lkFk vYirk ls mRiUu
lko/kuhiwoZd feyku dj ysuk pkfg, ftlls jDr Ldanu ,oa gksrk gSA ;g fodkj lkekU;r% 1 o"kZ ls de vk;q ds f'k'kqvksa esa
RBC ds u"V gksus tSlh xaHkhj ijs'kkfu;k¡ u gksaA ik;k tkrk gSA bldk eq[; dkj.k f'k'kq dks ek¡ ds nw/ ds LFkku ij
vYi çksVhu vkSj de dSyksjh eku okys vkgkj dks nsuk gSA bldk
yy mijksDr rkfydk ls ;g Li"V gS fd jDr O lewg ,d loZnkrk
eq[; dkj.k çk;% de varjky esa iqu% xHkZ/kj.k vFkok f'k'kq dk
gS tks lHkh lewgksa dks jDr çnku dj ldrk gSA jDr lewg AB
tUe gksuk gS] tcfd cM+k cPpk cgqr de vk;q dk gh gksrk gSA
loZ vknkrk (xzkgh) gS tks lHkh çdkj ds jDr lewgksa ls jDr
yy vr% vfHkdFku (A) lgh gS] fdarq dkj.k (R) xyr gSA
ys ldrk gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA vU; rF;
yy ejkLel esa çksVhu vYirk ds dkj.k o`f¼ ean rFkk Årdksa dh
120- mÙkj % (c) çksVhu dk foLFkkiu] vR;ar Ñ'kdk;h 'kjhj ,oa gkFk&iSj vR;ar
O;k[;k % irys gks tkrs gSa] Ropk 'kq"d] iryh ,oa >qjhZnkj gks tkrh gSA
yy bfjFkzkslkbV (jDrk.kq) ;k yky #f/j df.kdk,¡ vU; lHkh o`f¼ dh nj ,oa 'kkjhfjd Hkkj cgqr vf/d ?kV tkrk gSA efLr"d
dh o`f¼ ,oa fodkl Hkh cgqr vf/d ean gks tkrk gSA ekufld
dksf'kdkvksa ls la[;k esa vf/d gksrh gSA ,d LoLFk euq"; esa
{kerk Hkh vlarqfyr gks tkrh gSA
;s df.kdk,¡ yxHkx 5 ls 5-5 fefy;u çfr?ku feeh- gksrh gSaA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA
yy euq"; esa yky #f/j df.kdk,¡ yky vfLFk eTtk esa curh gSaA
122- mÙkj % (d)
yy vf/drj Lru/kfj;ksa dh yky #f/j df.kdkvksa esa dsaæd ugha
feyrs gSa rFkk budh vkÑfr mHk;kory (ckbZdksudso) gksrh gSA O;k[;k %
yy vr% vfHkdFku (A) vkSj dkj.k (R) nksuksa lgh gSa] fdarq (R)] yy ykbdsu 'kSoky rFkk dod ds lgthoh lgokl vFkkZr~ ikjLifjd
mi;ksxh lgokl gSaA 'kSoky ?kVd dks 'kSokyka'k rFkk dod ds
(A) dh lgh O;k[;k ugha djrk gSA
?kVd dks ekbdksok;aV (dodka'k) dgrs gSa] tks Øe'k% Loiks"kh
vU; rF; rFkk ijiksf"kr gksrs gSaA
yy budk yky jax ,d ykSg;qDr tfVy çksVhu gheksXyksfcu dh yy 'kSoky dod (iQatkbZ) ds fy, Hkkstu la'ysf"kr djrk gS vkSj
mifLFkfr ds dkj.k gSA ,d LoLFk euq"; esa çfr 100 feyh- dod 'kSoky ds fy, vkJ; nsrk gS rFkk •fut ,oa ty dk
jDr esa yxHkx 12 ls 16 xzke gheksXyksfcu ik;k tkrk gSA vo'kks"k.k djrk gSA budk lgokl bruk ?kfu"B gksrk gS fd ;fn
bu inkFkks± dh 'olu xSlksa ds ifjogu esa egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk çÑfr esa ykbdsu dks ns• ys rks ;g vuqeku yxkuk vlaHko gS
gSA yky jDr df.kdkvksa dh vkSlr vk;q 120 fnu gksrh gSA fd blesa nks fofHkUu tho gSaA
rRi'pkr budk fouk'k Iyhgk (yky jDr df.kdkvksa dh yy ykbdsu ok;q çnw"k.k ds cgqr vPNs ladsrd gSa D;ksafd os çnwf"kr
dfczLrku) esa gksrk gSA {ks=kksa esa ugha mxrsA
yy vfLFk eTtk nks çdkj dh gksrh gS % yky vkSj ihyh A yky vfLFk yy vr% vfHkdFku (A) lgh gS] fdarq dkj.k (R) xyr gSA
eTtk esa jDr LVse dksf'kdk,¡ gksrh gSa tks yky jDr dksf'kdk,¡] yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA
'osr jDr dksf'kdk,¡ ;k IysVysV~l cu ldrh gSaA ihyh vfLFk 123- mÙkj % (d)
eTtk T;knkrj olk ls cuh gksrh gS vkSj blesa LVse dksf'kdk,¡ O;k[;k %
gksrh gSa tks mikfLFk] olk ;k vfLFk dksf'kdk,¡ cu ldrh gSaA yy lksukj (SONAR-Sound Navigation And Ranging) dk ç;ksx
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA ukSlapkydksa }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA lksukj dh lgk;rk ls egklkxj
gsM vkWfiQl  % 636] Hkw&ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&09
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 esa Mwch gqbZ oLrq dh fLFkfr tkuus ds fy, mPp vko`fÙk dh djrh gSaA ,sls esa os oLrq,¡ gesa ^dkyh* (Black) fn•kbZ nsrh gSaA
ijkJO; rjaxksa dks egklkxj dh xgjkbZ esa Hkstk tkrk gSA ;s rjaxsa ^dkyk* okLro esa dksbZ jax ugha] cfYd ;g lHkh çdkj ds jaxksa
ml oLrq ls Vdjk dj çfrèofu ds :i esa ykSV vkrh gSa] ftudh dh vuqifLFkfr dks n'kkZrk gSA blds foijhr] tc dksbZ oLrq çdk'k
lgk;rk ls egklkxj esa Mwch gqbZ oLrq dh okLrfod fLFkfr dh LisDVªe ds lHkh jaxksa dks ijkofrZr dj nsrh gS rks og oLrq 'osr
tkudkjh fey tkrh gSA fn•kbZ iM+rh gS D;ksafd çdk'k LisDVªe ds lHkh jax la;qDr :i
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA ls liQsn jax n'kkZrs gSaA
124- mÙkj % (a) yy (A) lgh gS] fdarq (R) xyr gSA
O;k[;k % yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA
yy ty esa ued tSlh dksbZ v'kqf¼ feykus ij mldk DoFkukad 127- mÙkj % (b)
c<+ tkrk gSA nwljh vksj] viæO;ksa (Impurities) dks feykus ls O;k[;k %
lkekU;r% xyukad de gks tkrk gSA 0°C ij fi?kyrh ciQZ esa
yy lsfYl;l] iQkWjsugkbV] fj;wej iSekus dk eku ½.kkRed gksrk gS
dqN ued] 'kksjk vkfn feykus ls ciQZ dk xyukad 0°C ls ?kVdj
tcfd dsfYou iSekus dk eku ½.kkRed ugha gksrk gSA
& 22°C gks tkrk gSA
yy oLrqr% fdlh ekud rkiekih ds fy, ekiØe dk fu/kZj.k djus
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
gsrq nks fu;r lanHkZ fcanq vko';d gksrs gSaA ;s fcanq lnSo leku rki
125- mÙkj % (a) ij gksus okyh HkkSfrd ifj?kVukvksa ls lacaf/r gksrs gSaA lkekU;r%
O;k[;k % ty ds fgekad vkSj DoFkukad fcanqvksa dks fofHkUu iSekuksa ij dqN
lery niZ.k (Plane mirror) vkafdd eku nsdj bu ekuksa ds varj dks fMxzh ds :i esa n'kkZrs gSaA
yy ;g niZ.k dk og Lo:i gS ftldh ijkorZd lrg (i`"B) iw.kZr% yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA
lery gksrh gSA blds fuekZ.k ds fy, ,d lery dk¡p dh ijr 128- mÙkj % (d)
ds ,d i`"B ij /krq dh ,d iryh ijr p<+kbZ tkrh gS] rkfd
O;k[;k %
fdj.k ds {k; dks jksdk tk ldsA lkekU;r% 'kh'ks ds ,d i`"B
yy MkfoZu ls igys] ,d Úk¡lhlh çÑfr foKkuh ykekdZ@ySekdZ ds
ij pk¡nh ;k ikjs dk ysi p<+kdj ijkorZd i`"B dk fuekZ.k fd;k
vuqlkj] tho :iksa dk fodkl] muds vaxksa ds mi;ksx ,oa vuqi;ksx
tkrk gSA lery niZ.k ls çkIr çfrfcac lnSo vkHkklh o lh/k
gksrk gSA çfrfcac dk vkdkj fcac (oLrq) ds vkdkj ds Bhd ds dkj.k gqvk] tSls& ftjkiQ A
cjkcj gksrk gSA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA yy ftjkiQ us Å¡ps isM+ksa ds iQqufx;ksa dh ifÙk;ksa dks pjus ds fy,
yy pw¡fd mÙky niZ.k dk n`f"V {ks=k cgqr vf/d gksrk gS] blfy, vius xnZu dh yackbZ c<+kdj vuqdwyu fd;kA
lM+dksa ds va/ eksM+ksa ij bldk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA vr% dFku yy bl yach xnZu dh çkfIr dh fof'kf"Vrk dks mÙkjorhZ larfr;ksa dks
2 lgh gSA çnku fd;k vkSj o"kks±&o"kZ ckn ftjkiQ us /hjs&/hjs bruh yach
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA xnZu dks çkIr fd;kA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA
126- mÙkj % (d)
O;k[;k % 129- mÙkj % (d)
yy çdk'k LisDVªe tc fdlh oLrq ls Vdjkrk gS rks og oLrq LisDVªe O;k[;k %
ds lkr jaxksa esa ls fdlh ,d vFkok vf/d jaxksa dks ijkofrZr yy lgh lqesyu bl çdkj gS &
djrh gSA bl çdkj] tks jax oLrq }kjk ijkofrZr fd;k tkrk gS] (foVkfeu) (y{k.k)
gesa oLrq mlh jax dh fn•kbZ nsrh gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ& ifÙk;ksa dk foVkfeu A % de”kksj n`f"V
jax ^gjk* blfy, fn•kbZ nsrk gS D;ksafd ifÙk;k¡ çdk'k LisDVªe foVkfeu B % dke djus dh ÅtkZ esa deh
ds jaxksa esa ls gjs jax dks ijkofrZr djrh gSa] tcfd 'ks"k jaxksa dks
foVkfeu C % ?kko Hkjus esa vf/d le; dk yxuk
vo'kksf"kr dj ysrh gSaA
foVkfeu K % ew=k ;k ey esa •wu fn•kbZ nsuk
yy è;krO; gS fd dqN oLrq,¡ çdk'k LisDVªe ds lkr jaxksa esa ls
fdlh dks Hkh ijkofrZr ugha djrha] cfYd lHkh dks vo'kksf"kr yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA
gsM vkWfiQl  % 636] Hkw&ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&09
25
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 130- mÙkj % (c) 132- mÙkj % (b)
O;k[;k % O;k[;k %
yy gekjs 'kjhj ds fy, dqN vko';d ?kVd gksrs gSaA bu ?kVdksa dks yy 2 vxLr] 2024 dks teZuh vkf/dkfjd rkSj ij 18osa lnL; ns'k
ge iks"kd dgrs gSaA gekjs Hkkstu esa eq[; iks"kd rRoksa dk vuqØe ds :i esa la;qDr jk"Vª deku (;w-,u-lh-) esa 'kkfey gks x;k]
dkckZsgkbMªsV] çksVhu] olk] foVkfeu rFkk •fut yo.k gSaA ftlus varjkZ"Vªh; mifLFkfr dks c<+k;k tks mÙkj dksfj;k ds lkFk
yy blds vfrfjDr gekjs Hkkstu esa #{kka'k rFkk ty Hkh 'kkfey gSa] x<+okyh lhek dh fuxjkuh djrk gS vkSj la?k"kZ dh fLFkfr esa
ftudh gekjs 'kjhj dks vko';drk gSA nf{k.k dksfj;k dh j{kk djus ds fy, çfrc¼ gSA
yy dkckZsgkbMªsV dbZ çdkj ds gksrs gSaA gekjs Hkkstu esa ik, tkus okys yy la;qDr jk"Vª deku dh LFkkiuk 7 tqykbZ] 1950 dks nf{k.k dksfj;k
ds f•ykiQ mÙkj dksfj;kbZ vkØedrk dh la;qDr jk"Vª }kjk ekU;rk
eq[; dkckZsgkbMªsV] eaM rFkk 'kdZjk ds :i esa gksrs gSaA
ds ckn dh xbZ FkhA
yy dkckZsgkbMªsV vkSj olk ;qDr Hkkstu dks ^ÅtkZ nsus okyk Hkkstu*
yy la;qDr jk"Vª lqj{kk ifj"kn~ ds çLrko 83 vkSj 84 us lnL; ns'kksa
Hkh dgrs gSaA
dks dksfj;kbZ çk;}hi ij 'kkafr cgky djus ds fy, varjkZ"Vªh;
yy çksVhu dh vko';drk 'kjhj dh o`f¼ rFkk LoLFk jgus ds fy, dkuwuh vf/dkj çnku fd;k] vkSj mUgksaus la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk
gksrh gSA çksVhu;qDr Hkkstu dks çk;% ^'kjhj o/Zd Hkkstu* dgrs gSaA dks ,dhÑr deku ds usrk ds :i esa ukfer fd;k ftls ge
yy foVkfeu jksxksa ls gekjs 'kjhj dh j{kk djrs gSAa foVkfeu gekjh vk¡•] la;qDr jk"Vª deku ds :i esa tkurs gSaA
vfLFk;ksa] nk¡r vkSj elw<+ksa dks LoLFk j•us esa Hkh lgk;rk djrs gSaA yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA 133- mÙkj % (a)
131- mÙkj % (a) O;k[;k %
O;k[;k % yy Hkkjrh; çfrHkwfr vkSj fofue; cksMZ (lsch) }kjk ^lsok* uked
yy gky gh esa Hkkjrh; Fky lsuk us ^çkstsDV ueu* dh 'kq#vkr gSA ,d ,vkbZ&lapkfyr pSVckWV ykWUp fd;k x;k] ftls fuos'kdksa dks
yy ;g çkstsDV Hkkjr esa Li'kZ&dsafær dkWeu lfoZl lsaVj (CSCs) dbZ rjg ds dk;ks± esa lgk;rk djus ds fy, fM”kkbu fd;k x;k
LFkkfir djds j{kk isa'kuHkksfx;ksa] iwoZ lSfudksa vkSj muds ifjokjksa gSA bldk mís'; fuos'kdksa ds vuqHko dks c<+kuk vkSj egÙoiw.kZ
dks lg;ksx vkSj lsok,¡ çnku djus ds fy, 'kq: fd;k x;k gSA ck”kkj tkudkjh rd mudh igq¡p dks c<+kuk gSA
yy lsok pSVckWV ,d Ñf=ke cqf¼eÙkk&l{ke pSVckWV gS tks fuos'kdksa
çeq• fo'ks"krk,¡ %
ds dqN lokyksa dk tokc nsxkA lsch ds vuqlkj] pSVckWV esa
yy isa'ku laca/h çfØ;kvksa esa lqxerk % çkstsDV ueu Li'kZ dbZ fo'ks"krk,¡ gksaxh] tSls& m¼j.k] vuqorhZ ç'uksa dk mÙkj nsuk
(flL‍Ve iQkWj isa'ku ,MfeU‍lVªs'ku j{kk)] fMftVy isa'ku ç.kkyh vkSj Hkk"k.k&ls&ikB vkSj ikB&ls&Hkk"k.k esa ifjofrZr djus dh
ds dk;kZUo;u ij dsafær gS] tks j{kk isa'kuHkksfx;ksa ds fy, isa'ku {kerk gksxhA lsok pSVckWV mi;ksxdrkZvksa dks çfrHkwfr ck”kkj vkSj
laca/h çfØ;kvksa dks lqxe cukrh gSA lsch ds f'kdk;r fuokj.k eap (LdkslZ) ds ckjs esa ç'u iwNus
yy blesa iwoZ lSfudksa] isa'kuHkksfx;ksa] 'kghnksa dh fo/okvksa vkSj 'kghnksa esa l{ke djsxkA
ds ifjtuksa dks Li'kZ&l{ke is'a ku lsok,¡] ljdkj ls ukxfjd (G2C) yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
lsok,¡ vkSj O;olk; ls miHkksDrk (B2C) lsok,¡] lHkh ,d gh
134- mÙkj % (b)
lqfo/ktud LFkku ij çnku djus dk çko/ku fd;k x;k gSA
O;k[;k %
yy lqfo/k dsUæksa dh LFkkiuk % çkstsDV ueu ds igys pj.k esa]
Hkkjr Hkj esa çeq• LFkkuksa ij 14 lh-,l-lh- LFkkfir fd, x, gSaA yy oYMZ okbM osc (WWW)] ftls osc ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gS]
vxys 2&3 o"kks± esa ns'k Hkj esa yxHkx 200 dsa‍æ LFkkfir djus dh baVjusV ij tkudkjh dk ,d fo'kky laxzg gSA vFkkZr~ oYMZ okbM
osc (WWW) vkWuykbu istksa dk ,d usVodZ gS] tks gkbijfyaDl
;kstuk ds lkFk] bl çkstsDV dk foLrkj fd;k tkuk gSA
ds ekè;e ls ,d&nwljs ls tqM+s gksrs gSaA bu istksa dk lewg feydj
yy m|e'khyrk ds volj % çR;sd CSC ds çca/u ds fy, ,d osclkbV cukrk gSA osc ist dks ns•us ds fy,] czkmtj ds lpZ
xzke Lrjh; m|eh ds p;u dk çko/ku fd;k x;k gS] ftls lacfa /r ckWDl esa ;w-vkj-,y- (Uniform Resource Locator) Mkyuk iM+rk
LFkkuh; lSU; vf/dkfj;ksa }kjk iwoZ lSfudksa ;k muds ifjokjksa esa gSA blds ckn] gkbij VsDLV Vªkl
a iQj çksVksdkWy (HTTP) dk mi;ksx
ls pquk tkuk gSA djds ml ist dks ,Dlsl fd;k tkrk gS vkSj ;g lkjh çfØ;k
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA oYMZ okbM osc ds ”kfj;s gh iwjh gksrh gSA
gsM vkWfiQl  % 636] Hkw&ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&09
26
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 yy çfro"kZ 1 vxLr dks nqfu;kHkj esa oYMZ okbM osc fnol euk;k 138- mÙkj % (c)
tkrk gSA ;g fnol gekjs thou esa osc dh egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk dks O;k[;k %
js•kafdr djrk gSA
yy isfjl vksyafid] 2024 esa ns'k ds fy, ind vkSj xkSjo gkfly
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA djus ds fy, x, ny esa dqy 117 Hkkjrh; ,FkyhV 'kkfey FksA
135- mÙkj % (d) yy Hkkjr us isfjl vksyafid] 2024 esa Ng ind thrs] ftlesa ,d
O;k[;k % jtr vkSj ik¡p dkaL; 'kkfey jgsA
yy jkT; lHkk lkaln ifjey ukFkokuh us 31 tqykbZ dks ç/kuea=kh yy euq Hkkdj us isfjl 2024 vksyafid esa Hkkjr ds fy, igyk ind
vkokl ij vk;ksftr ,d NksVs ls ikfjokfjd lekjksg esa ç/kuea=kh thrkA mUgksaus dkaL; ind thrk vkSj vksyafid 'kwfVax ind thrus
ujsaæ eksnh dks ,f'k;kbZ 'ksjksa vkSj laj{k.k ç;klksa ij viuh ubZ okyh igyh Hkkjrh; efgyk cuhaA
iqLrd ^dkWy vkWiQ n fxj* dh igyh çfr HksaV dhA yy ljctksr flag ds lkFk fefJr Vhe 10 ehVj ,;j fiLVy esa
yy ç/kuea=kh ujsaæ eksnh us jkT; lHkk lnL; ifjey ukFkokuh }kjk dkaL; ind thrus ds ckn mUgksaus vksyafid ds ,d gh laLdj.k
fyf•r iqLrd ^dkWy vkWiQ n fxj* dh ljkguk dh gSA esa nks ind thrus okyh igyh Hkkjrh; cudj bfrgkl jp fn;kA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA yy LofIuy dqlkys us fu'kkusckth esa rhljk ind thrdj bls vksyfa id
136- mÙkj % (d) ds fdlh ,d laLdj.k esa fdlh •sy esa Hkkjr dh lcls cM+h
miyfC/ cuk fn;kA
O;k[;k %
yy Hkkjrh; iq#"k gkWdh Vhe us isfjl esa dkaL; ind ds lkFk viuh
yy Hkkjrh; jk"Vªifr ækSinh eqeZw 5 ls 10 vxLr rd fiQth] U;w”khySaM
VksD;ks 2020 dh liQyrk dh cjkcjh dhA
vkSj freksj ysLrs dh jktdh; ;k=kk dhA
yy ;g fdlh Hkkjrh; jk"Vªifr dh fiQth vkSj freksj&ysLrs dh igyh yy Hkkyk iQsad esa jtr ind thrus ds ckn uhjt pksiM+k lcls liQy
;k=kk gSA O;fDrxr vksyafi;u cu x,A
yy fiQth nf{k.k ç'kkar egklkxj esa] U;w”khySaM ds mÙkj&iwoZ vkSj gokbZ yy veu lgjkor dq'rh esa dkaL; ind thrdj Hkkjr ds lcls de
}hi ds nf{k.k&if'pe esa fLFkr ,d ns'k gSA ;g fdlh vU; ns'k mez ds vksyafid ind fotsrk cusA
ds lkFk Hkwfe lhek lk>k ugha djrk gSA yy blesa ihiqYl fjifCyd vkWiQ pkbuk dqy 91 ind (40 Lo.kZ]
yy freksj ysLrs nf{k.k iwoZ ,f'k;k esa freksj }hi ds iwohZ fgLls ij fLFkr 27 jtr] 24 dkaL;) thrdj igys LFkku ij jgkA tcfd Hkkjr
ns'k gSA bls iwohZ freksj Hkh dgk tkrk gSA freksj }hi ds if'peh bl rkfydk esa 71osa LFkku ij jgkA
fgLls dks if'peh freksj dgk tkrk gS] tks baMksusf'k;k dk Hkkx gSA yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA 139- mÙkj % (b)
137- mÙkj % (c) O;k[;k %
O;k[;k % yy x`g ea=kh vfer 'kkg us dsaæ 'kkflr çns'k yík• esa 5 u, f”kys
yy ç/kuea=kh ujsæa eksnh lh-ih-lh-vkj-vkbZ- dh ubZ ukfj;y fdLeksa (dYik cukus dh ?kks"k.kk dh gSA igys dsaæ'kkflr çns'k yík• esa nks
lqo.kkZ vkSj dYik 'krkCnh) vkSj dksdks fdLeksa dk vukoj.k fd;kA f”kys ^ysg* ,oa ^dkjfxy* gh FksA 5 u, f”kyksa ds lkFk yík•
yy ^dYik lqo.kkZ* ,d ckSuh] mPp mit nsus okyh] nksgjs mís'; okyh esa vc 7 f”kys gks tk,axsA
ukfj;y dh fdLe gS ftlds gjs jax ds] vk;rkdkj iQy] ehBs yy x`g ea=kky; dh vf/lwpuk ds vuqlkj 5 u, f”kys fuEufyf•r gSa %
dksey ukfj;y dk ikuh vkSj vPNh xq.koÙkk okyk •ksijk gksrk hhtkaLdj hhuqczk
gSA ;g tYnh iQwyus okyh fdLe (jksi.k ds 30&36 eghus ckn) hhækl hhpkaxFkkax
dksey ukfj;y ds ikuh vkSj •ksijk mRiknu ds fy, çlaLdj.k
hh'kke
ds fy, mi;qDr gSA vPNh ns•Hkky ds rgr ;g fdLe çfr o"kZ
çfr rkM+ 108&130 uV iSnk djrh gSA lh-ih-lh-vkj-vkbZ- dsjy yy {ks=kiQy dh n`f"V ls yík• ,d cgqr cM+k dsaæ'kkflr çns'k gSA
vkSj dukZVd esa bldh •srh dh fliQkfj'k djrk gSA ;g Hkkjr ds lcls de vkcknh okys {ks=kksa esa ls ,d gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA

gsM vkWfiQl  % 636] Hkw&ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&09

27
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 140- mÙkj % (a) 144- mÙkj % (c)
O;k[;k % O;k[;k %
eysf'k;k dh vksjaxqVku dwVuhfr yy ^ekufld* fo'ks"k.k ^eul* 'kCn ls cuk gSA vU; lHkh vlaxr gSaA
yy gky gh esa eysf'k;k us phu dh ^ikaMk dwVuhfr* ls çsfjr gksdj yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA
eysf'k;kbZ ike vkW;y dk vk;kr djus okys ns'kksa dks vksjkaxqVku 145- mÙkj % (d)
(okuj çtkfr) migkj esa nsus ds vius iwoZ ds çLrko dks okil O;k[;k %
ys fy;kA yy ^iqjkru* fo'ks"k.k 'kCn gS] bldk fo'ks"; 'kCn ^iqjk* gksrk gSA
yy blds LFkku ij ubZ ;kstuk cukbZ xbZ] ftlesa vk;krdksa dks vksjaxqVku yy ^isVw* fo'ks"k.k 'kCn gS] bldk fo'ks"; 'kCn ^isV* gksrk gSA
dks çk;ksftr djus gsrq vkeaf=kr fd;k x;k] ftlls çkIr /ujkf'k yy ^çseh* fo'ks"k.k 'kCn gS] bldk fo'ks"; 'kCn ^çse* gksrk gSA
dks eysf'k;k esa muds laj{k.k ds fy, mi;ksx fd;k tk,xkA yy ^ikpu* fo'ks"; 'kCn gS] bldk fo'ks"k.k 'kCn ^ikpd* gksrk gSA
yy vksjaxqVku eq[; :i ls iQyHk{kh gksrs gSa] ftldk vFkZ gS fd yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA
mudk vkgkj eq[; :i ls iQy gksrk gSA os MÔwfj;u] eSaxksLVhu
146- mÙkj % (c)
vkSj jkecqVku tSls dbZ rjg ds iQy •krs gSaA blds vfrfjDr]
os iÙks] Nky] dhM+s vkSj dHkh&dHkh NksVs d'ks#dh Hkh •krs gSaA O;k[;k %
mudk vkgkj ekSleh miyC/rk ds vk/kj ij cnyrk jgrk gSA yy ^çkÑfrd* fo'ks"k.k 'kCn gS] bldk fo'ks"; 'kCn ^çÑfr* gksrk gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA yy ^is;* fo'ks"k.k 'kCn gS] bldk fo'ks"; 'kCn ^iku* gksrk gSA
yy ^firk* fo'ks"; 'kCn gS] bldk fo'ks"k.k 'kCn ^iSr`d* gksrk gSA
141- mÙkj % (a)
yy ^iBuh;* fo'ks"k.k 'kCn gS] bldk fo'ks"; 'kCn ^iBu* gksrk gSA
O;k[;k % yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA
yy ftu oLrqvksa dks ukik ;k rkSyk tk ldrk gS] mudk ifjek.k crkus
147- mÙkj % (a)
okys 'kCn ifjek.kokpd fo'ks"k.k dgykrs gSaA
O;k[;k %
yy ^vkt eSaus vf/d dsys •k fy, gSa* okD; esa ifjek.kokpd
fo'ks"k.k gSA yy ^'kghn* fo'ks"k.k 'kCn gS] bldk fo'ks"; 'kCn ^'kgknr* gksrk gSA
yy ^'kku* fo'ks"; 'kCn gS] bldk fo'ks"k.k 'kCn ^'kkunkj* gksrk gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
yy ^f'ko* fo'ks"; 'kCn gS] bldk fo'ks"k.k 'kCn ^'kSo* gksrk gSA
142- mÙkj % (c) yy ^f'k{kk* fo'ks"; 'kCn gS] bldk fo'ks"k.k 'kCn ^f'kf{kr* gksrk gSA
O;k[;k % yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
yy lgh lqesyu bl çdkj gS & 148- mÙkj % (b)
(okD;) (fo'ks"k.k) O;k[;k %
hhesjs cLrs esa ik¡p isaflysa gSaA % la[;kokpd yy ^lrh'k papy ckyd gS* bl okD; esa ^papy* 'kCn xq.kokpd
hhek¡us pkj fdyks phuh eaxkbZA % ifjek.kokpd fo'ks"k.k gSA
hhdqN iqLrdsa cLrs esa j•h gSaA % la[;kokpd yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA
hhdqN fdyks nky pkfg,A % ifjek.kokpd 149- mÙkj % (d)
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA O;k[;k %
143- mÙkj % (a) yy ^dqrZs ds fy, nks ehVj diM+k pkfg,*A] ^,d fdyks vke ls
T;knk er ykuk*A vkSj ^pk; esa ipkl xzke phuh Mkyuk*A okD;ksa
O;k[;k % esa fuf'pr la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k gSA
yy ^;ksX; O;fDr gh igpkuk tkrk gSA* okD; esa ^;ksX;* xq.kokpd yy ^bl ckj ckfj'k esa cgqr vksys iM+s*A okD; esa ifjek.kokpd
fo'ks"k.k dks n'kkZrk gSA fØ;k&fo'ks"k.k gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA
gsM vkWfiQl  % 636] Hkw&ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&09
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 150- mÙkj % (c) 156- mÙkj % (c)
O;k[;k % O;k[;k %
yy vFkZ ds vk/kj ij fØ;k fo'ks"k.k ds pkj Hksn gksrs gSa& yy ^gtkjksa yksxksa us mls ns•k gS* okD; esa ^gtkjksa* 'kCn fo'ks"k.k gS]
tks vfuf'pr la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k ds varxZr vkrk gSA
1- LFkkuokpd
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA
2- dkyokpd
157- mÙkj % (c)
3- jhfrokpd
O;k[;k %
4- ifjek.kokpd yy ^?kj*] ^vkneh* rFkk ^oL=k* fo'ks"; gSa] tcfd ^cM+k*] ^NksVk* rFkk
yy ^jkr dks vpkud o"kkZ gksus yxh* esa ^jhfrokpd fØ;k&fo'ks"k.k* gSA ^uhyk* fo'ks"k.k gSaA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA
151- mÙkj % (a) 158- mÙkj % (b)
O;k[;k % O;k[;k %
yy ftl laKk vFkok loZuke dh fo'ks"krk crkbZ tkrh gS] mls fo'ks"; yy ^euq";* fo'ks"; gS] bldk fo'ks"k.k ^ekuqf"kd* gksrk gSA
dgrs gSaA yy ^ewrZ*] ^ekSfyd* rFkk ^eq•j* fo'ks"k.k gSaA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA
152- mÙkj % (a) 159- mÙkj % (a)
O;k[;k % O;k[;k %
yy ^og yM+dk fo|kFkhZ gS* vkSj ^og çcq¼ fo|kFkhZ gS* okD;ksa esa yy ^çkFkfed* 'kCn fo'ks"k.k gS] tcfd ^iqLrd*] ^çkFkZuk* rFkk ^ijh{kk*
^og* lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k ds :i esa ç;qDr gqvk gS] tcfd ^og fo'ks"; 'kCn gSaA
fo|kFkhZ gS* okD; esa ^og* loZuke ds :i esa ç;qDr gqvk gSA yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA 160- mÙkj % (d)
153- mÙkj % (d) O;k[;k %
yy lgh lqesyu bl çdkj gS &
O;k[;k %
hhlaLÑfr & lkaLÑfrd
yy fn, x, okD; esa ^iqdkj* fo'ks"; gS] ftldk fo'ks"k.k ^d#.k*
hhlHkk & lH;
gS vkSj ^Hkxoku~* fo'ks"; gS] ftldk fo'ks"k.k ^HkDr&oRly* gSA
hhlky & lkykuk
vr% ^iqdkj* rFkk ^Hkxoku~* fo'ks"; ;qXe gSA
hhLFkku & LFkkuh;
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA
yy ^lhek* fo'ks"; gS] bldk fo'ks"k.k ^lhfer* gksrk gSA
154- mÙkj % (d)
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA
O;k[;k %
161- mÙkj % (a)
yy ^cy* fo'ks"; 'kCn gS tcfd ^iQkSth*] ^cqyan* vkSj ^fcdkÅ*
O;k[;k %
fo'ks"k.k 'kCn gSaA
yy ^dkxt* fo'ks"; 'kCn gS] tcfd ^diwj*] ^deZB* rFkk ^dM+ok*
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA fo'ks"k.k 'kCn gSaA
155- mÙkj % (d) yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
O;k[;k % 162- mÙkj % (d)
yy ^fdrkc* fo'ks"; 'kCn gS] ftldk fo'ks"k.k ^fdrkch* gksrk gSA O;k[;k %
'osr] th.kZ vkSj xjhc fo'ks"k.k gSA yy ^yksHkh* çR;;&fof/ ls fufeZr fo'ks"k.k gS] D;ksafd ^yksHk* esa ^bZ*
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA çR;; tksM+dj bldk fuekZ.k gqvk gSA

gsM vkWfiQl  % 636] Hkw&ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&09

29
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 yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA 170- mÙkj % (d)
163- mÙkj % (a) O;k[;k %
O;k[;k % yy ^pkSFkk* fo'ks"k.k 'kCn gS] tcfd ^tksM+uk*] ^fpark* rFkk ^tYnh*
fo'ks"; 'kCn gSaA
yy fn, x, okD; esa ^vf/d* fo'ks"k.k ^nw/ dh* fo'ks"krk crk jgk gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
171- mÙkj % (b)
164- mÙkj % (b)
O;k[;k %
O;k[;k %
yy ^;gh ljdkjh efgykvksa dk vLirky gS*A okD; esa fo'ks"k.k
yy ^vkarfjd* fo'ks"k.k 'kCn gS] tcfd ^vkSjr*] ^vadqj* rFkk ^,drk*
^ljdkjh* xyr <ax ls ç;qDr gqvk gSA fo'ks"k.k dk lgh ç;ksx
fo'ks"; 'kCn gSaA
bl çdkj gksxk& ^;gh efgykvksa dk ljdkjh vLirky gSA*
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA
yy okD; (1) esa lgh fo'ks"k.k ç;qDr gqvk gSA
165- mÙkj % (c) yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA
O;k[;k % 172- mÙkj % (a)
yy fn, x, okD; esa pkj fo'ks"k.k (lqxaf/r] yksHkh] jktLFkkuh o
O;k[;k %
voS/) vkSj pkj fo'ks"; (dLrwjh] f'kdkjh] fgj.kksa o f'kdkj) gSaA
yy ^rhu* la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k gS] D;ksafd blesa la[;k ^rhu* dk
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA ç;ksx gqvk gSA
166- mÙkj % (a) yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
O;k[;k % 173- mÙkj % (a)
yy fn, x, okD; esa ^O;fDr* fo'ks"; gS] D;ksafd ^Ñ'kdk;* }kjk O;k[;k %
mldh fo'ks"krk crkbZ xbZ gSA yy ^bPNk* fo'ks"; 'kCn gS] tcfd ^bZekunkj*] ^bZ'ojh;* rFkk ^bZ";kZyq*
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA fo'ks"k.k 'kCn gSaA
167- mÙkj % (a) yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
O;k[;k % 174- mÙkj % (b)
yy ^mi;ksxh* fo'ks"k.k 'kCn gS] tcfd ^mipkj*] ^mins'k* rFkk ^mRifÙk* O;k[;k %
fo'ks"; 'kCn gSaA yy fn, x, okD; esa ^Js"B* fo'ks"k.k gS rFkk ^mikld* fo'ks"; gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA
168- mÙkj % (b) 175- mÙkj % (c)
O;k[;k % O;k[;k %
yy ^xaxk* fo'ks"; 'kCn gS] tcfd ^xzkeh.k*] ^xyr* rFkk ^•fut* yy fn, x, okD; esa ^ç'uokpd* fo'ks"k.k ç;qDr gqvk gS D;ksafd bl
fo'ks"k.k 'kCn gSaA okD; esa ç'u fd;k tk jgk gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA
169- mÙkj % (b) 176- mÙkj % (a)
O;k[;k % O;k[;k %
yy ^xhyk* 'kCn xq.k dks çnf'kZr djrk gSA blfy, ;g xq.kokpd yy ^fganh* fo'ks"k.k 'kCn gS tcfd ^gok*] ^fgalk* rFkk ^ân;* fo'ks";
fo'ks"k.k gSA 'kCn gSaA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
gsM vkWfiQl  % 636] Hkw&ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&09
30
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 177- mÙkj % (a) yy ^mis{kk* fo'ks"; gS] bldk fo'ks"k.k ^misf{kr* gksrk gSA
O;k[;k % yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA
yy ^iryk* ewy :i ls fo'ks"k.k gSA ;g ^n'kkcks/d fo'ks"k.k* gSA 183- mÙkj % (a)
yy ^vFkZ*] ^ifjokj* vkSj ^ijyksd* fo'ks"; gSaA O;k[;k %
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA yy ^papy* fo'ks"; 'kCn gS] tcfd ^pkyw*] ^pqacdh;* rFkk ^tk¡pdrkZ*
178- mÙkj % (b) fo'ks"k.k 'kCn gSaA
O;k[;k % yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
yy ^vkjksg.k* fo'ks"; 'kCn gS tcfd ^vknj.kh;* rFkk ^vkjkè;* 184- mÙkj % (a)
fo'ks"k.k 'kCn gSaA
O;k[;k %
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA
yy os fo'ks"k.k tks fyax] opu] dkjd ds vuqlkj ifjofrZr gks tkrs
179- mÙkj % (b) gSa] mUgsa fodkjh fo'ks"k.k dgrs gSaA
O;k[;k % yy ^os vPNh yM+fd;k¡ gSa* okD; esa fodkjh fo'ks"k.k ^vPNh* gSA
yy lgh lqesyu bl çdkj gS & yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
hhekl & ekfld 185- mÙkj % (d)
hhefr & efreku
O;k[;k %
hhes/k & es/koh
yy ^Hkkjh* 'kCn fo'ks"k.k gS] tcfd ^iQy*] ^cks>* rFkk ^iQly*
hhekek & eesjk fo'ks"; 'kCn gSaA
yy ^ejuk* fo'ks"; gS] bldk fo'ks"k.k ^efj;y* gksrk gSA yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA
186- mÙkj % (c)
180- mÙkj % (d)
O;k[;k %
O;k[;k % yy lgh lqesyu bl çdkj gS &
yy ^dke* fo'ks"; 'kCn gS tcfd ^diVh* rFkk ^dtZnkj* rFkk hhnkx & nkxh
^dkYifud* fo'ks"k.k 'kCn gSaA
hh/eZ & /kfeZd
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA
hh/u & /uh
181- mÙkj % (d)
hhèoal & èoLr
O;k[;k %
yy ^/S;Z* fo'ks"; gS] bldk fo'ks"k.k ^/hj* gksrk gSA
yy ^rqe th tku yxkdj i<+ jgs gksA* okD; esa ^th tku yxkdj*
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA
ç;qDr gqvk gS] tks fØ;k fo'ks"k.k gSA ^og dkyh xk; ?kkl pj jgh
gSA* okD; esa ^dkyh* ,oa ^eq>ls •V~Vk iQy ugha •k;k tkrkA* 187- mÙkj % (b)
okD; esa ^•V~Vk* fo'ks"k.k dk ç;ksx gqvk gSA O;k[;k %
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA yy ^½rq* 'kCn fo'ks"; gS] tcfd ^Å¡pk*] ^xarO;* rFkk ^?kjsyw*
182- mÙkj % (d) fo'ks"k.k 'kCn gSaA
O;k[;k % yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA
yy lgh lqesyu bl çdkj gS & 188- mÙkj % (b)
hhØks/ & Øq¼ O;k[;k %
hhvklfDr & vklDr yy ljh•k dk vFkZ ln`'; ls gSA ^ljh•k* 'kCn esa xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k
hhvkd"kZd & vkÑ"V gSA
hhbZ";kZ & bZ";kZyq yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA
gsM vkWfiQl  % 636] Hkw&ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&09
31
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 189- mÙkj % (b) 195- mÙkj % (c)
O;k[;k % O;k[;k %
yy ^bfrgkl* 'kCn ls ^,sfrgkfld* fo'ks"k.k curk gSA yy ^n'kZuh;* fo'ks"k.k 'kCn gS] tcfd ^fnokyk*] ^nkuk* rFkk ^nkSyr*
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA fo'ks"; 'kCn gSaA
190- mÙkj % (a) yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA
O;k[;k % 196- mÙkj % (d)
yy ^ehBk vke* esa ^ehBk* vke dh fo'ks"krk crkbZ tk jgh gS] tks O;k[;k %
vke dk xq.k gSA vr% xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k gSA yy ^,d çfrHkk laiUu Nk=k* dk fo'ks"k.k ^es/koh* gSA bldk fo'ks";
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA ^es/k* gSA
191- mÙkj % (d) yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA
O;k[;k % 197- mÙkj % (a)
yy ^jke&y{e.k* ;qXe fo'ks"k.k ugha gSA ;g ;qXe laKk rFkk }a} O;k[;k %
lekl gSA NksVk&cM+k] gj&ihyk xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k rFkk nks&rhu
yy ^rV* fo'ks"; 'kCn gS] tcfd ^rkaf=kd*] ^rktk* rFkk ^rjy*
x.kukokpd fo'ks"k.k gSA
fo'ks"k.k 'kCn gSaA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
192- mÙkj % (b)
198- mÙkj % (c)
O;k[;k %
yy fn, x, fodYiksa esa ^/hjs&/hjs* esa ^vkfgLrk&vkfgLrk* dk vFkZ O;k[;k %
fudyrk gS] ftlls fØ;k dh fo'ks"krk dk irk pyrk gS] vrSo yy ^'kksfHkr* fo'ks"k.k 'kCn gS] tcfd ^f'kdkjh*] ^'kku* rFkk ^'kklu*
;g fØ;k&fo'ks"k.k gSA vU; fodYi fØ;k&fo'ks"k.k dh Js.kh esa fo'ks"; 'kCn gSaA
ugha vkrs gSaA yy bl çdkj] fodYi (c) lgh gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA 199- mÙkj % (b)
193- mÙkj % (a) O;k[;k %
O;k[;k % yy lgh lqesyu bl çdkj gS &
yy ^fu"ks/* fo'ks"; 'kCn gS] tcfd ^uqdhyk*] ^ukSdj* rFkk ^fuf'pr* hhiafDr & ikaDrs;
fo'ks"k.k 'kCn gSaA hhcsoiQkbZ & csoiQk
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (a) lgh gSA
hhcqyanh & cqyan
194- mÙkj % (d) hhetkd & etkfd;k
O;k[;k % yy ^csodwiQh* fo'ks"; gS] bldk fo'ks"k.k ^csodwiQ* gksrk gSA
yy lgh lqesyu bl çdkj gS & yy bl çdkj] fodYi (b) lgh gSA
hhxfr & xr
200- mÙkj % (d)
hhÑik & Ñikyq
hhdk;k & dkf;d O;k[;k %
yy ^lgdkjh* fo'ks"k.k 'kCn gS] tcfd ^la;e*] ^LFkku* rFkk ^Luk;q*
hhdeZ & deZB
fo'ks"; 'kCn gSaA
yy ^dke* fo'ks"; gS] bldk fo'ks"k.k ^dkeh* gksrk gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA
yy bl çdkj] fodYi (d) lgh gSA


gsM vkWfiQl  % 636] Hkw&ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&09

32
iz;kxjkt dsanz  %   egkjk.kk izrki pkSjkgk] LVSuyh jksM] flfoy ykbUl] iz;kxjkt] m-iz- 9555-124-124

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