The word tense is
WHAT ARE derived fro Latin word,
TENSES tempus which means
time. Tenses are verb
forms that indicate
timing of an action.
VS
PAST PRESENT FUTURE
Simple Simple Simple
Continous Continous Continous
Perfect Perfect Perfect
Perfect Perfect Perfect
Continous Continous Continous
SIMPLE PRESENT S + V1 (s/es/ies) In general, the simple
(a) It rains present expresses events
(b) I clean my that always exist always,
usually, habitually .*
house every Friday
SIMPLE PAST S + V2
At one particular time in
(c) It rained yesterday the past, this happened. It
(d) Tom watched began and ended in the
movie last night past
SIMPLE FUTURE S + will + V1
At one particular time in
(e) It will rain the future, it will happen.
(f) I’m going to Bali
next week
*it is used to tell general truth or facts
PRESENT CONTINOUS is/am/are+V-ing
It is now 11.00. Tom went
(a) Tom is sleeping
to sleep at 10.00 tonight.
right now and he is still asleep.
PAST CONTINOUS was/were + V-ing Tom went to sleep at
(b) Tom was sleeping 10.00 last night. I arrived
when I came at 11.00 He was still
asleep.
FUTURE CONTINOUS will + be + V-ing Tom will go sleep at 10.00
(c) Tom will be tomorrow night. I will
sleeping when I arrive arrive at 11.00 tomorrow.
PRESENT PERFECT have/has + V3 Tom finished eating. The
(a) Tom has already exact time is not
eaten important
PAST PERFECT had + V3 First, Tom finished eating.
(b) Tom had already Later his friend arrived. Tom’s
eating was completely
eaten when his friend finished before another time
arrived in th past
FUTURE PERFECT will + have + V3 First Tom will finish eating.
(c) Tom will already Later his friend will arrive.
have eaten when his Tom’s eating will be
completely finished before
friend arrive another time in the future
PRESENT PC have/has + been + V-ing Event in progress: studying
(a) Tom has been When? before now, untill
studying for 2 now
hours How long? 2 hours
PAST PC had + been + V-ing Event in progress: studying
(b) Tom had been When? Before another
studying for 2 hours event in the past
before his friend came How long? 2 hours
FUTURE PC will + have been+ V-ing Event in progress: studying
(c) Tom will have been When? Before another
studying for 2 hours by event in the future
the time his frined arrives How long? 2 hours
SIMPLE PAST TENSE PRESENT PERFECT
1. at SPECIFIC TIME in the past 1. The EXACT TIME IS UNIMPORTANT
I visited Japan last year I’ve visited Japan three times
She moved to New York at 2020 She has moved to New York
2. FINISHED action 2. UNFINISHED action
I drank coffee yesterday I’ve drunk coffee today
I worked hard this morning I’ve worked hard this morning
(now it’s 16.00 ) (now it’s 10.00)
Finished time signal: yesterday, Unfinished time signal: today, so
2020, 1950, last week, last month far, recently, laterly, etc
PAST PAST PERFECT
PERFECT CONTINOUS
1. COMPLETION 1. DURATION
She had lived in Jogja before moving She had lived in Jogja for five years
to Jakarta (it’s complete; she no before moving to Jakrta
longer lives in Jogja) (emphasizing the duration)
2. PERMANENT 2. TEMPORARY
He had always lived with his She had been living with her parents
parents (it’s like permanent when she got engaged (she used to live
arrangement) with her parents until she got engaged)
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