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Major Project Report On

Image Encryption

By

Savyasachi chaturvedi ( 04190102022 )

In partial fulfillment of requirements for the award of the degree

Bachelor of Computer Application (Computer Science)

(2025)

Under the guidance of

Ms. Aruna Joshi Ms. Aruna Joshi

Professor HOD

Fairfield Institute of Management and Technology (FIMT)

FIMT Institutional Campus, 1037, Bijwasan Rd, Kapas Hera Extension, Kapas Hera, New Delhi, Delhi, 110097

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Fairfield Institute of Management and Technology (FIMT)

Department of Computer Science

Certificate

This is to certify that Savyasachi chaturvedi (04190102022), student of Bachelor of Computer

Application, Six Semester, Department of Computer Science of Fairfield Institute of Management

and Technology (FIMT) , has pursued the Major Project titled “Image Encryption” under the

supervision of Ms. Aruna Joshi, Head Of Department (HOD) and Internal guide Ms. Aruna Joshi

and the report has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the award of the degree,

Bachelor of Computer Application in Computer Science by Fairfield Institute of Management and

Technology (FIMT) in the Year 2025.

Ms. Aruna Joshi Ms. Aruna Joshi

Professor HOD

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Fairfield Institute of Management and Technology (FIMT)

Department of Computer Science

Certificate

This is to certify that Savyasachi chaturvedi (04190102022), student of Bachelor of Computer

Application, Six Semester, Department of Computer Science of Fairfield Institute of Management

and Technology (FIMT) , has pursued the Major Project titled “Image Encryption” under the

supervision of Ms. Aruna Joshi, Head Of Department (HOD) and Internal guide Ms. Aruna Joshi

and the report has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the award of the degree,

Bachelor of Computer Application in Computer Science by Fairfield Institute of Management and

Technology (FIMT) in the Year 2025.

External Examiner Internal Examiner

Signature Signature

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my sincere regard and indebtedness to my project internal guide Ms. Aruna Joshi, for his

valuable time, guidance, encouragement, support and cooperation throughout the duration of our

project. I would sincerely like to thank IT Department for giving me the opportunity to work on

enhancing my technical skills while undergoing this project. This project was done under the

guidance of Ms. Aruna Joshi, Head of Department. This project helped in understanding the various

parameters which are involved in the development of a web application and the working and

integration of front end along with the back end to create a fully functional web application.

I would like to thank Ms. Aruna Joshi, Head of Department and whole of department for their

constant support.

Savyasachi chaturvedi

04190102022

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ABSTRACT

The Image Encryption project titled "Imcrypt-GUI" presents a robust and user-friendly desktop

application designed to securely encrypt and decrypt image files using advanced pixel manipulation

techniques. Developed using Electron with a blend of HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Node.js, and the

Jimp library, this project integrates the core concepts of cybersecurity and cryptography into a

practical software solution. The application leverages a graphical user interface (GUI) to simplify

the encryption process, allowing users to protect image data through pixel-level encryption using

unique cryptographic keys. The encryption algorithm functions by applying an XOR operation on

each pixel of the image with a randomly generated key, ensuring that the encrypted image becomes

visually indecipherable and highly secure. The only way to decrypt the image is by using the exact

same key, making unauthorized access virtually impossible even if the encrypted file is intercepted

online. The application architecture is modular, comprising separate files for encryption (encrypt.js),

decryption (decrypt.js), GUI handling (gui.js), and Electron's initialization (index.js), which

communicate efficiently through IPC (Inter-Process Communication) facilitated by preload.js. The

GUI, designed using index.html and styled with style.css, provides intuitive buttons for encryption

and decryption, triggering backend functions via Node.js. Additional modules like cli-alerts enhance

the user experience by providing real-time terminal feedback on the success or failure of operations.

By separating core logic and GUI elements, the software ensures maintainability and scalability for

future enhancements

The primary objective of the Imcrypt-GUI project is to implement an image encryption and

decryption system that ensures the confidentiality of image data through secure cryptographic

operations. To achieve this, the system is built as a desktop application using Electron—a

framework that allows web technologies (HTML, CSS, JavaScript) to be used in creating native

desktop applications. The project breaks down into several key objectives. First, it seeks to provide

an intuitive graphical user interface that makes it easy for users to load an image, encrypt it, and

later decrypt it using the associated key without needing to understand the underlying code or

cryptographic concepts. Second, the project focuses on building the core encryption algorithm using

the Jimp library, where each pixel in the image is XORed with a generated key, rendering the image

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unrecognizable and protected from unauthorized access. The decryption module is designed to

reverse this process using the correct key, restoring

INDEX the image to its original state. Third, the project

aims to explore file system interactions using Node.js, such as opening and saving files through
S.No. Index Page No.
dialog boxes, which are managed via IPC (Inter-Process Communication) channels between the
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1-6
Electron main process and the renderer process. Fourth, it includes the integration of modular
1.1 Introduction 1
coding practices, ensuring a separation of concerns between GUI handling, business logic, and file
1.2 Aim 1
operations. Fifth, the project also focuses on dependency management using npm (Node Package
1.3 Existing System 2
Manager), leveraging open-source modules like cli-alerts for terminal notifications and fs for secure
1.4 Proposed System 2
file operations. Lastly, a crucial objective is to ensure platform independence and offline
1.5 Feasibility Study 3-4
functionality, so users can run the application on any major operating system without needing an
1.6
internet connection Project Work Schedule 5

1.7 Organisation of Report 6

Chapter 2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION 7

2.1 Hardware Requirement 7

2.2 Software Requirement 7

Chapter 3 DESIGN & PLANNING 8-14

3.1 Software Development Life Cycle Model 8

3.2 GENERAL OVERVIEW 9

3.3 User Flow Diagram 10

3.4 ER Diagram 11

3.5 DFD Diagram 12-14

Chapter 4 IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS 15 - 17

4.1 FRONT END 15 - 15

4.2 BACK END 16 - 16

Chapter 5 TESTING 17- 27

5.1 UNIT TESTING 17 - 18

5.2 INTEGRATION TESTING 19 - 20

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5.3 SOFTWARE VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION 21 - 23

5.4 Black-Box Testing 24

5.5 White-Box Testing 25 - 26

5.6 SYSTEM TESTING 27

Chapter 6 RESULTS 28 - 30

Chapter 7 ADVANTAGES 31

Chapter 8 CONCLUSION 32

BIBLIOGRAPHY 33

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CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

The Imcrypt-GUI project is a cross-platform desktop application that enables users to encrypt and

decrypt images through a user-friendly graphical interface. It utilizes Electron to package web-

based technologies into a native app that operates seamlessly on Windows, macOS, and Linux. The

core of the application revolves around a pixel-level image encryption technique that employs XOR

operations, implemented using the Jimp image processing library in Node.js. When a user selects an

image to encrypt, the software generates a unique cryptographic key that is then applied to each

pixel of the image. This results in an encrypted image that is virtually impossible to decipher

without the original key. The same key, when used in the decryption process, successfully restores

the image to its original form. The interface, built with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, features simple

buttons for "Encrypt" and "Decrypt" operations, which guide users through a series of file selection

dialogs to choose input and output paths. The backend communication between the GUI and the

application logic is handled through Electron’s IPC (Inter-Process Communication) mechanisms

1.2 AIM

The aim of this project is to develop a secure and efficient image encryption desktop application

using Electron and Node.js, which can encrypt and decrypt image files using cryptographic keys.

This project, titled Imcrypt-GUI, is designed to enable users to protect their sensitive image files

from unauthorized access by utilizing a pixel-shuffling encryption algorithm based on the XOR

(exclusive OR) operation with randomly generated keys. The application aims to provide a

graphical user interface (GUI) that simplifies the process of encryption and decryption for users

who may not be technically inclined, while ensuring that the encryption mechanism adheres to core

principles of cryptographic security and data confidentiality. It is also intended to demonstrate how

cybersecurity and cryptography can be integrated into a practical application that balances user-

friendliness with technical robustness.

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1.3 EXISTING SYSTEM

In the current digital landscape, image protection methods typically rely on general-purpose tools

such as file password protection, ZIP file encryption, or cloud storage encryption. These systems are

either too broad or too complex for an average user seeking to encrypt images for personal or

project use. Popular software like WinRAR, 7-Zip, or Adobe Acrobat provides some level of

protection, but they are not image-specific, often lack pixel-level control, and depend on external

compression or proprietary file formats. Some systems rely on web-based tools which require

uploading images to a remote server, posing a risk to user privacy, especially if internet connectivity

is compromised or if the service provider is not secure. Moreover, current methods do not allow

users to interact visually with the encryption process, and there is no easy way for users without

technical backgrounds to encrypt images confidently

1.4 PROPOSED SYSTEM

The proposed system, Imcrypt-GUI, introduces a standalone image encryption desktop application

designed to address the limitations of existing solutions by offering a highly intuitive GUI and

robust encryption techniques specifically tailored for images. Built using Electron, the application

runs independently of internet access, ensuring user data remains strictly local and secure. Users can

easily encrypt an image by selecting a file and saving the output along with a randomly generated

encryption key. This encryption is performed using pixel-wise XOR operations, making decryption

impossible without the original key file. The system also includes a decryption function that allows

users to restore the image using the corresponding key. The GUI makes the application accessible

even to users with minimal technical skills, providing visual feedback and guided steps.

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1.5 FEASIBILITY STUDY

A feasibility study is a high-level capsule version of the entire System analysis and Design Process.
The study begins by classifying the problem definition. Feasibility is to determine if it’s worth
doing. Once an acceptance problem definition has been generated, the analyst develops a logical
model of the system. A search for alternatives is analyzed carefully. There are 3 parts in feasibility
study.

1) Operational Feasibility

2) Technical Feasibility

3) Economical Feasibility

1.5.1 OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY

Operational feasibility is the measure of how well a proposed system solves the problems, and takes
advantage of the opportunities identified during scope definition and how it satisfies the
requirements identified in the requirements analysis phase of system development.The operational
feasibility assessment focuses on the degree to which the proposed development projects fits in with
the existing business environment and objectives with regard to development schedule, delivery
date, corporate culture and existing business processes.To ensure success, desired operational
outcomes must be imparted during design and development. These include such design-dependent
parameters as reliability, maintainability, supportability, usability, producibility, disposability,
sustainability, affordability and others. These parameters are required to be considered at the early
stages of design if desired operational behaviours are to be realised. A system design and
development requires appropriate and timely application of engineering and management efforts to
meet the previously mentioned parameters. A system may serve its intended purpose most
effectively when its technical and operating characteristics are engineered into the design.
Therefore, operational feasibility is a critical aspect of systems engineering that needs to be an
integral part of the early design phases.

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1.5.2 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY

This involves questions such as whether the technology needed for the system exists, how difficult
it will be to build, and whether the firm has enough experience using that technology. The
assessment is based on outline design of system requirements in terms of input, processes, output,
fields, programs and procedures. This can be qualified in terms of volume of data, trends, frequency
of updating inorder to give an introduction to the technical system. The application is the fact that it
has been developed on windows XP platform and a high configuration of 1GB RAM on Intel
Pentium Dual core processor. This is technically feasible .The technical feasibility assessment is
focused on gaining an understanding of the present technical resources of the organization and their
applicability to the expected needs of the proposed system. It is an evaluation of the hardware and
software and how it meets the need of the proposed system.

1.5.3 ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY

Establishing the cost-effectiveness of the proposed system i.e. if the benefits do not outweigh the
costs then it is not worth going ahead. In the fast paced world today there is a great need of online
social networking facilities. Thus the benefits of this project in the current scenario make it
economically feasible. The purpose of the economic feasibility assessment is to determine the
positive economic benefits to the organization that the proposed system will provide. It includes
quantification and identification of all the benefits expected. This assessment typically involves a
cost/benefits analysis.

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1.6 GAANT Chart

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1.7 ORGANISATION OF THE REPORT

1.7.1 INTRODUCTION

This section includes the overall view of the project i.e. the basic problem definition and the general
overview of the problem which describes the problem in layman terms. It also specifies the software
used and the proposed solution strategy.

1.7.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION

This section includes the Software and hardware requirements for the smooth running of the
application.

1.7.3 DESIGN & PLANNING

This section consists of the Software Development Life Cycle model. It also contains technical
diagrams like the Data Flow Diagram and the Entity Relationship diagram.

1.7.4 IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS

This section describes the different technologies used for the entire development process of the
Front-end as well as the Back-end development of the application.

1.7.5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This section has screenshots of all the implementation i.e. user interface and their description.

1.7.6 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

This section has screenshots of all the implementation i.e. user interface and their description.

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CHAPTER 2 : SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION

2.1 Hardware Requirements

Number Description

1 PC with 250 GB or more Hard disk.

2 PC with 2 GB RAM.

3 PC with Pentium 1 and Above.

2.2 Software Requirements

Number Description Type

1 Operating System Windows XP / Windows

2 Back-End Technology Django

3 Front-End Technology Python

4 Browser Google Chrome

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CHAPTER 3 : DESIGN & PLANNING

3.1 Software Development Life Cycle Model

3.1.1 WATERFALL MODEL

The waterfall model was selected as the SDLC model due to the following reasons:

Requirements were very well documented, clear and fixed.

Technology was adequately understood.
Simple and easy to understand and use.
There were no ambiguous requirements.
Easy to manage due to the rigidity of the model. Each phase has specific deliverables and a
review process.
Clearly defined stages.
Well understood milestones.Easy to arrange tasks.

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3.2 GENERAL OVERVIEW

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3.3 Use Case Diagram

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3.4 ER Diagram

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3.5 DFD Diagram

3.5.1 Zero-Level DFD Diagram

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3.5.2 First-Level DFD Diagram

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3.5.3 Second-Level DFD Diagram

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CHAPTER 4 : IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS

In this Section we will do Analysis of Technologies to use for implementing the project.

4.1 : FRONT END

4.1.1 Python

Python is a high-level programming language that is widely used in various industries, such as
finance, software development, and data analysis. It was first introduced in 1991 by Guido van
Rossum and since then it has become one of the most popular programming languages. Python is a
versatile language that can be used for a variety of purposes, from simple scripts to complex
software applications. It is also an open-source language, which means that its source code is freely
available for anyone to use, modify, and distribute.

One of the main advantages of using Python is its simplicity. Unlike other programming languages,
Python uses an intuitive syntax that is easy to read and write. This makes it an ideal choice for both
beginners and experienced programmers. Python is also known for its versatility, which makes it a
good choice for a variety of tasks, such as web development, scientific computing, and machine
learning. The Python community has developed a large number of libraries and modules, which are
collections of pre-written code that can be used to perform specific tasks. These libraries make it
easy to accomplish complex tasks in just a few lines of code, which saves time and effort.

In recent years, Python has become increasingly popular in the data science community. This is
because it has a large number of libraries that are specifically designed for data analysis, such as
Pandas and NumPy. These libraries make it easy to perform complex data manipulations, such as
aggregating and summarizing data, and performing statistical analysis. Python also has libraries for
machine learning, such as scikit-learn, which make it possible to build and train machine learning
models with ease. This is why Python is often referred to as a “Swiss Army Knife” of data science,
as it provides a wide range of tools that make it possible to perform complex data analysis tasks.

Overall, Python is a highly versatile programming language that has a lot to offer. Its simplicity and
versatility make it an ideal choice for a variety of tasks, from simple scripts to complex software
applications. Python’s popularity in the data science community is also a testament to its
capabilities, as it provides a wide range of tools that make it possible to perform complex data
analysis tasks. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced programmer, Python is a language that
is worth learning, as it is sure to provide you with many opportunities to explore new areas of
programming and to expand your skills.

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4.2 : BACK END

4.2.1 Django

Django is a high-level Python web framework that enables developers to build scalable and
dynamic web applications with ease. The framework was created in 2003 by a group of developers,
who were frustrated with the limitations of existing web frameworks. They aimed to create a
framework that would make the process of web development faster and more efficient, while also
ensuring that the resulting applications were secure, reliable, and easy to maintain.

One of the key features of Django is its Model-View-Template (MVT) architecture, which separates
the application into three distinct components. The Model component is responsible for managing
the data and interactions with the database, the View component handles user requests and manages
the presentation of data, and the Template component is responsible for rendering the HTML pages.
This separation of concerns helps to keep the code clean and well-organized, making it easier to
maintain and debug. Django also includes a powerful Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) layer,
which provides an abstraction over the database, allowing developers to interact with the database
using Python instead of SQL. This eliminates the need for manual database queries and reduces the
risk of SQL injection attacks.

Another important aspect of Django is its security features. The framework includes built-in
protection against common web application security threats, such as cross-site scripting (XSS),
cross-site request forgery (CSRF), and SQL injection. It also includes user authentication and
authorization systems, allowing developers to easily manage user accounts and control access to
application resources. Additionally, Django supports caching, which can be used to speed up the
performance of web applications by storing frequently used data in memory. This can reduce the
load on the database server and improve the responsiveness of the application.

Overall, Django is an excellent choice for web development projects that require a fast, scalable,
and secure framework. Its MVT architecture, ORM layer, and security features make it a popular
choice among developers, and its wide range of built-in modules and third-party packages make it
easy to add additional functionality to an application. The large and active community of developers
who contribute to the framework also ensure that it remains up-to-date and well-supported, making
it an excellent choice for both new and experienced developers.

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CHAPTER 5 : TESTING
5.1 : UNIT TESTING

5.1.1 Introduction

In computer programming, unit testing is a software testing method by which individual units
of source code, sets of one or more computer program modules together with associated control
data, usage procedures, and operating procedures, are tested to determine whether they are fit for
use. Intuitively, one can view a unit as the smallest testable part of an application. In procedural
programming, a unit could be an entire module, but it is more commonly an individual function or
procedure. In object-oriented programming, a unit is often an entire interface, such as a class, but
could be an individual method. Unit tests are short code fragments created by programmers or
occasionally by white box testers during the development process. It forms the basis for component
testing. Ideally, each test case is independent from the others. Substitutes such as method
stubs, mock objects, fakes, and test harnesses can be used to assist testing a module in isolation.
Unit tests are typically written and run by software developers to ensure that code meets its design
and behaves as intended.

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5.1.2 Benifits

The goal of unit testing is to isolate each part of the program and show that the individual parts are
correct. A unit test provides a strict, written contract that the piece of code must satisfy. As a result,
it affords several benefits.

1) Find problems early : Unit testing finds problems early in the development cycle. In test-driven
development (TDD), which is frequently used in both extreme programming and scrum, unit tests
are created before the code itself is written. When the tests pass, that code is considered complete.
The same unit tests are run against that function frequently as the larger code base is developed
either as the code is changed or via an automated process with the build. If the unit tests fail, it is
considered to be a bug either in the changed code or the tests themselves. The unit tests then allow
the location of the fault or failure to be easily traced. Since the unit tests alert the development team
of the problem before handing the code off to testers or clients, it is still early in the development
process.

2 ) Facilitates Change : Unit testing allows the programmer to refactor code or upgrade system
libraries at a later date, and make sure the module still works correctly (e.g., in regression testing).
The procedure is to write test cases for all functions and methods so that whenever a change causes
a fault, it can be quickly identified. Unit tests detect changes which may break a design contract.

3 ) Simplifies Integration : Unit testing may reduce uncertainty in the units themselves and can be
used in a bottom-up testing style approach. By testing the parts of a program first and then testing
the sum of its parts, integration testing becomes much easier.

4 ) Documentation : Unit testing provides a sort of living documentation of the system. Developers
looking to learn what functionality is provided by a unit, and how to use it, can look at the unit tests
to gain a basic understanding of the unit's interface (API).Unit test cases embody characteristics that
are critical to the success of the unit. These characteristics can indicate appropriate/inappropriate
use of a unit as well as negative behaviors that are to be trapped by the unit.

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5.2 : INTEGRATION TESTING

Integration testing (sometimes called integration and testing, abbreviated I&T) is the phase
in software testing in which individual software modules are combined and tested as a group. It
occurs after unit testing and before validation testing. Integration testing takes as its
input modules that have been unit tested, groups them in larger aggregates, applies tests defined in
an integration test plan to those aggregates, and delivers as its output the integrated system ready
for system testing.

5.2.1 Purpose

The purpose of integration testing is to verify functional, performance, and

reliability requirements placed on major design items. These "design items", i.e., assemblages (or
groups of units), are exercised through their interfaces using black-box testing, success and error
cases being simulated via appropriate parameter and data inputs. Simulated usage of shared data
areas and inter-process communication is tested and individual subsystems are exercised through
their input interface. Test cases are constructed to test whether all the components within
assemblages interact correctly, for example across procedure calls or process activations, and this is
done after testing individual modules, i.e., unit testing. The overall idea is a "building block"
approach, in which verified assemblages are added to a verified base which is then used to support
the integration testing of further assemblages.Software integration testing is performed according to
the software development life cycle (SDLC) after module and functional tests. The cross-
dependencies for software integration testing are: schedule for integration testing, strategy and
selection of the tools used for integration, define the cyclomatical complexity of the software and
software architecture, reusability of modules and life-cycle and versioning management.Some
different types of integration testing are big-bang, top-down, and bottom-up, mixed (sandwich) and
risky-hardest. Other Integration Patterns[2] are: collaboration integration, backbone integration,
layer integration, client-server integration, distributed services integration and high-frequency
integration.

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5.2.1.1 Big Bang

In the big-bang approach, most of the developed modules are coupled together to form a complete
software system or major part of the system and then used for integration testing. This method is
very effective for saving time in the integration testing process. However, if the test cases and their
results are not recorded properly, the entire integration process will be more complicated and may
prevent the testing team from achieving the goal of integration testing.A type of big-bang
integration testing is called "usage model testing" which can be used in both software and hardware
integration testing. The basis behind this type of integration testing is to run user-like workloads in
integrated user-like environments. In doing the testing in this manner, the environment is proofed,
while the individual components are proofed indirectly through their use. Usage Model testing takes
an optimistic approach to testing, because it expects to have few problems with the individual
components. The strategy relies heavily on the component developers to do the isolated unit testing
for their product. The goal of the strategy is to avoid redoing the testing done by the developers, and
instead flesh-out problems caused by the interaction of the components in the environment.

5.2.1.2 Top-down And Bottom-up

Bottom-up testing is an approach to integrated testing where the lowest level components are tested
first, then used to facilitate the testing of higher level components. The process is repeated until the
component at the top of the hierarchy is tested.All the bottom or low-level modules, procedures or
functions are integrated and then tested. After the integration testing of lower level integrated
modules, the next level of modules will be formed and can be used for integration testing. This
approach is helpful only when all or most of the modules of the same development level are ready.
This method also helps to determine the levels of software developed and makes it easier to report
testing progress in the form of a percentage.Top-down testing is an approach to integrated testing
where the top integrated modules are tested and the branch of the module is tested step by step until
the end of the related module.Sandwich testing is an approach to combine top down testing with
bottom up testing.

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5.3 : SOFTWARE VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION

5.3.1 Introduction

In software project management, software testing, and software engineering, verification and
validation (V&V) is the process of checking that a software system meets specifications and that it
fulfills its intended purpose. It may also be referred to as software quality control. It is normally the
responsibility of software testers as part of the software development lifecycle. Validation checks
that the product design satisfies or fits the intended use (high-level checking), i.e., the software
meets the user requirements.This is done through dynamic testing and other forms of
review.Verification and validation are not the same thing, although they are often
confused. Boehm succinctly expressed the difference between

Validation : Are we building the right product?

Verification : Are we building the product right?

According to the Capability Maturity Model (CMMI-SW v1.1)

Software Verification: The process of evaluating software to determine whether the products of a
given development phase satisfy the conditions imposed at the start of that phase.

Software Validation: The process of evaluating software during or at the end of the development
process to determine whether it satisfies specified requirements.

In other words, software verification is ensuring that the product has been built according to the
requirements and design specifications, while software validation ensures that the product meets the
user's needs, and that the specifications were correct in the first place. Software verification ensures
that "you built it right". Software validation ensures that "you built the right thing". Software
validation confirms that the product, as provided, will fulfill its intended use.

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From Testing Perspective

Fault – wrong or missing function in the code.

Failure – the manifestation of a fault during execution.
Malfunction – according to its specification the system does not meet its specified functionality

Both verification and validation are related to the concepts of quality and of software quality
assurance. By themselves, verification and validation do not guarantee software quality;
planning, traceability, configuration management and other aspects of software engineering are
required.Within the modeling and simulation (M&S) community, the definitions of verification,
validation and accreditation are similar:

M&S Verification is the process of determining that a ⦁ computer model, simulation, or

federation of models and simulations implementations and their associated data accurately
represent the developer's conceptual description and specifications.
M&S Validation is the process of determining the degree to which a model, simulation, or
federation of models and simulations, and their associated data are accurate representations of
the real world from the perspective of the intended use(s).

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5.3.2 Classification of Methods

In mission-critical software systems, where flawless performance is absolutely necessary, formal

methods may be used to ensure the correct operation of a system. However, often for non-mission-
critical software systems, formal methods prove to be very costly and an alternative method of
software V&V must be sought out. In such cases, syntactic methods are often used.

5.3.3 Test Cases

A test case is a tool used in the process. Test cases may be prepared for software verification and
software validation to determine if the product was built according to the requirements of the user.
Other methods, such as reviews, may be used early in the life cycle to provide for software
validation.

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5.4 : Black-Box Testing

Black-box testing is a method of software testing that examines the functionality of an application
without peering into its internal structures or workings. This method of test can be applied virtually
to every level of software testing: unit, integration, system and acceptance. It typically comprises
most if not all higher level testing, but can also dominate unit testing as well.

5.4.1 Test Procedures

Specific knowledge of the application's code/internal structure and programming knowledge in

general is not required. The tester is aware of what the software is supposed to do but is not aware
of how it does it. For instance, the tester is aware that a particular input returns a certain, invariable
output but is not aware of how the software produces the output in the first place.

5.4.2 Test Cases

Test cases are built around specifications and requirements, i.e., what the application is supposed to
do. Test cases are generally derived from external descriptions of the software, including
specifications, requirements and design parameters. Although the tests used are
primarily functional in nature, non-functional tests may also be used. The test designer selects both
valid and invalid inputs and determines the correct output, often with the help of an oracle or a
previous result that is known to be good, without any knowledge of the test object's internal
structure.

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5.5 : White-Box Testing

White-box testing (also known as clear box testing, glass box testing, transparent box testing,
and structural testing) is a method of testing software that tests internal structures or workings of an
application, as opposed to its functionality (i.e. black-box testing). In white-box testing an internal
perspective of the system, as well as programming skills, are used to design test cases. The tester
chooses inputs to exercise paths through the code and determine the appropriate outputs. This is
analogous to testing nodes in a circuit, e.g. in-circuit testing (ICT). White-box testing can be applied
at the unit, integration and system levels of the software testing process. Although traditional testers
tended to think of white-box testing as being done at the unit level, it is used for integration and
system testing more frequently today. It can test paths within a unit, paths between units during
integration, and between subsystems during a system–level test. Though this method of test design
can uncover many errors or problems, it has the potential to miss unimplemented parts of the
specification or missing requirements.

5.5.1 Levels

1 ) Unit testing : White-box testing is done during unit testing to ensure that the code is working as
intended, before any integration happens with previously tested code. White-box testing during unit
testing catches any defects early on and aids in any defects that happen later on after the code is
integrated with the rest of the application and therefore prevents any type of errors later on.

2 ) Integration testing : White-box testing at this level are written to test the interactions of each
interface with each other. The Unit level testing made sure that each code was tested and working
accordingly in an isolated environment and integration examines the correctness of the behaviour in
an open environment through the use of white-box testing for any interactions of interfaces that are
known to the programmer.

3 ) Regression testing : White-box testing during regression testing is the use of recycled white-
box test cases at the unit and integration testing levels.

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5.5.2 Procedures

White-box testing's basic procedures involves the tester having a deep level of understanding of the
source code being tested. The programmer must have a deep understanding of the application to
know what kinds of test cases to create so that every visible path is exercised for testing. Once the
source code is understood then the source code can be analyzed for test cases to be created. These
are the three basic steps that white-box testing takes in order to create test cases:

Input involves different types of requirements, functional specifications, detailed designing of

documents, proper source code, security specifications. This is the preparation stage of white-
box testing to layout all of the basic information.
Processing involves performing risk analysis to guide whole testing process, proper test plan,
execute test cases and communicate results. This is the phase of building test cases to make sure
they thoroughly test the application the given results are recorded accordingly.
Output involves preparing final report that encompasses all of the above preparations and
results.

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5.6 : SYSTEM TESTING

System testing of software or hardware is testing conducted on a complete, integrated system to

evaluate the system's compliance with its specified requirements. System testing falls within the
scope of black-box testing, and as such, should require no knowledge of the inner design of the code
or logic. As a rule, system testing takes, as its input, all of the "integrated" software components that
have passed integration testing and also the software system itself integrated with any applicable
hardware system(s). The purpose of integration testing is to detect any inconsistencies between the
software units that are integrated together (called assemblages) or between any of
the assemblages and the hardware. System testing is a more limited type of testing; it seeks to detect
defects both within the "inter-assemblages" and also within the system as a whole.

System testing is performed on the entire system in the context of a Functional

Requirement Specification(s) (FRS) and/or a System Requirement Specification (SRS). System
testing tests not only the design, but also the behavior and even the believed expectations of the
customer. It is also intended to test up to and beyond the bounds defined in the software/hardware
requirements specification(s).

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CHAPTER 6 : RESULTS

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CHAPTER 7 : ADVANTAGES
Real-World Cybersecurity Application: Demonstrates practical implementation of encryption
techniques to enhance image data security, relevant to today’s data protection needs
Hands-on Cryptography Experience: Strengthens understanding of cryptographic concepts such
as pixel-level XOR encryption and secure key management
Cross-Platform Desktop Application: Built using Electron, making it accessible across Windows,
macOS, and Linux without significant code changes
User-Friendly Interface: GUI-based interaction eliminates command-line complexity, allowing
even non-technical users to encrypt and decrypt images easily

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CHAPTER 8 : CONCLUSION
The Imcrypt-GUI project demonstrates the practical application of cryptographic principles in real-
world image protection. Through the use of XOR-based encryption combined with a user-friendly
Electron GUI, this software provides an accessible yet effective method of securing image data. The
project showcases the integration of frontend technologies like HTML and CSS with backend
JavaScript logic, all wrapped within the Electron framework to create a standalone desktop
application. It simplifies the process of image encryption and decryption, allowing users to select
files through dialogs and process them with a single click. With the implementation of the Jimp
library for image manipulation, the encryption is reliable and repeatable, making it suitable for
educational, personal, or even lightweight commercial applications. This project also reflects the
growing importance of cybersecurity in today's digital landscape and reinforces the value of hands-
on learning when exploring cryptographic methods. The use of modular code (with separate files for
encryption, decryption, and IPC communication) ensures maintainability and extensibility for future
features. Overall, this project deepens the understanding of image processing and data security
while demonstrating how secure applications can be developed in a structured, scalable way using
modern technologies

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/index.htm
https://www.javatpoint.com
https://www.w3schools.com
https://html.com

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