IBIS
&
BDAS
Dr Shruti Gupta
Head & Associate Professor,
Department of Forensic Science
College of Traffic Management
Institute of Road Traffic Education
IBIS
In order to analyze and store ballistic photographs, the United
States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Bureau of
Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF), both of which
are part of the U.S. Department of Justice, established separate
imaging systems and databases before to 1998. The Atf system was
known as IBIS, whereas the FBI system was nicknamed Drugfire.
The Integrated Ballistics Identification System was purchased in
1993 by the ATF from its developer, Forensic Technology, Inc.
(FTI) of Montreal, Canada. The project, which eventually turned
into IBIS, was begun in 1990 in order to provide law enforcement
professionals with the ability to use digital computer images of
ballistic evidence and to assist crime laboratories with a growing
number of firearm-related crimes.
IBIS
IBIS INTRODUCED BY FORENSIC
TECHNOLOGY Inc. IN 1991
TECHNOLOGY THAT SOLVES FIREARM
CRIME:-
IBIS digitally captures the images of bullets &
cartridge cases, stores them in a database, performs
automatic computer based comparisons of the
images & ranks them according to the likelihood
of a match.
AIM OF IBIS
Information Sharing Between States
Centralized Correlation
Restricted Data Replication
The IBIS uses sophisticated electronic
and optical technology to digitally
compare evidence stored in the database.
Initially, IBIS equipment photographs
the surface of fired bullets and casings
from crime scenes and laboratories.
Upon entering a new image into the
database, the system searches for a
match by using advanced mathematical
algorithms to correlate the new image
against previously stored images.
Using filters such as caliber , date of
crime, date of entry, and rifling
specifications, the correlations
produce lists of possible matches. A
forensic examiner then visually
compares the matched images on a
computer monitor.
If a possible match is found, the
images are compared with actual
evidence by an examiner on a
microscope for a final
determination.
IBIS uses specialized 3D
microscopy to capture the unique
marks left by firearms on fired
bullets and cartridge cases
LINK CRIMES – LINK INTELLIGENCE
Crime
Complete the
“A”
puzzle
Crime
“B”
LINK SUSPECT GUNS TO CRIMES
Weapons
Arrest
2 Murders
USES OF IBIS
DATABASE COLLECTION OF FIRED CARTRIDGE CASE
IMAGES
DATABASE COLLECTION OF FIRED BULLET IMAGES
DATABASE COLLECTION OF LICENCE FIREARMS
DATABASE COLLECTION OF GOVERNMENT FIREARMS
STORE THE NATIONAL DATA & CREATE NATIONAL
DATABASE
SHARE THE STORE DATA THROUGH INTERNET JUST
PLUGE IN ,TO SOLVE THE UNDETECTED CRIME
INTEGRATED PARTS OF IBIS SYSTEM
BrassTRAX-3D Match Point+
• Harmonized IBIS Heritage Features
3D acquisition in IBIS-TRAX 3D
• Graphical Display of Correlation
Faster CC Acquisition Results
Enhanced BF Side Light Image
Quality Control of Acquisition
Data Concentrator
• Large Capacity
BulletTRAX-3D • New Backup Solution
3D acquisition Correlation Unit
Acquisition of Highly Deformed
Bullets • Quality Control prior to Correlation
Bullet Holder Enhancements • Firearms Reference Table (FRT)
IBIS
IBIS-TRAX
MatchPoint +
BulletTRAX- 3D
Correlation Server
DATA CONCENTRATOR
Large Capacity Data Concentrator
From 60,000 Cartridge Cases to more than 250,000
From 33,000 Bullets to more than 125,000
New Backup Solution
Reduce incidents of equipment failure and user error
Local backup solutions are under review
BRASS TRAX
Is an integrated hardware & software
system that automates the task of
collecting digital images of cartridge
case evidence for law enforcement.
It has been designed so that cartridge
case information, real images, &
signatures are fully compatible with
the IBIS system.
FORENSIC EXAMINATION PROTOCOLS
IBIS 3D IMAGE OF FIRING PIN MARKS
3D ANALYSIS OF CARTRIDGE CASES
BULLET TRAX
A key feature of BulletTRAX-3D is
its capacity to acquire and preserve
digital representations of the unique
microscopic striated marks (“lines”)
produced in the bearing surfaces of
fired bullets.
These include the land engraved
area (LEA, or land impression) and
groove engraved area (GEA, or
groove impression).
BULLET HOLDER WITH BULLET
2D IBIS Bullet Image
3D Bullet Image from Bullet trax 3D
LEA & GEA MARKING
FULL SURFACE SCANS OF BULLETS
MATCH POINT +
Presents a list of high probability bullet associations on-
screen for the examiner to consider as candidates for
further on-screen evaluation of their digitized image data.
Presents to the examiner on-screen the “unrolled” images
of the entire surface of all bullets selected by the examiner
from the list above.
Additionally performs some other enhancement functions
to suit to the needs of examiner.
CORRELATION UNIT
Correlation
computation a numerical representation of the similarity between
the images called correlation is performed in the database.
system uses class characteristics to reduce number of elements in
database against which it performs the correlation.
Time required to perform correlation related to size of database and
computing capability of correlation engine.
CORRELATION RESULTS
IMAGE ANALYSIS & COMPARISON OF
RIFLING MARKS
Multi-viewer comparison. Ability
to display full screen of single
image type
Ability to select number of test
images displayed
Access to all captured Images
Access to Side by Side compare
CASES SOLVED BY IBIS
TWO CRIMES +TWO CITIES +TWO country made PISTOL
In February of 2008, a man was shot during a robbery attempt in the City
of Bhavnagar in Gujarat State and later died of his wounds while
hospitalized.
In March of 2008, a man was shot dead during a dispute which occurred
in the City of Ahmedabad in Gujarat State.
In April of 2008, Dileep Joshi, a member of the “Shailesh Dhandhalia Gang”
was arrested by police in Mehsana town for a violation of the Arms Act. He was
in illegal possession of two country made pistols. The pistols were turned over
to the DFS for detailed analysis on the new 3D IBIS system.
The two cases could be linked and thus solved.
NBIS
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed new
identification techniques of 3D topography measurement on correlation cells
called as NIST Ballistics Identification System (NBIS) which includes
development of Congruent Matching Cells (CMC). method, etc. to enhance
the accuracy and speed of firearm evidence identification. The striation marks
on bullet are 2D profiles and the firing pin, breach face and ejector mark
signatures are 3D topography images. In CMC (Congruent Matching Cells)
method, the total surface area of 3D forensic image is divided into multiple
correlation cells.
The cells containing the features which can be used for comparison are called
valid correlation regions whereas invalid correlation regions are those which
lack unique markings due to their less interaction with the firearm
COMPARISON OF IBIS AND NBIS
IBIS NBIS
IBIS is considered as a commercial NBIS is the latest technique of ballistics
automated ballistics identification system. identification.
IBIS acquires 2D image of surface of NBIS acquires 3D surface topographies of
bullets and cases. bullets and cases and can also examine
damaged bullets as well as cartridge cases
with complex shaped firing pin signatures.
The result of IBIS is totally depended on the NBIS method can eliminate the errors
quality of image which might be affected by occurring due to variable lighting conditions
the lighting conditions such as lighting and shadowing.
direction, color, intensity, contrast,
reflectivity of material, light source, etc
COMPARISON OF IBIS AND NBIS
IBIS NBIS
The parameters and algorithms used in The parameters and algorithms used in
IBIS are proprietary and are not this system are easy to use and are in
available for open testing. This leads to public domain and are available for
the difficulty in laboratory assessments open testing. This can make inter-
and inter-comparisons among different comparison among different
systems. identification systems possible.
IBIS compares the entered image with NBIS compares the surface topography
the images stored in NIBIN (National of projectiles with the data stored in
Integrated Ballistic Information NIST Ballistics Tool mark Research
Network) and CIBIN (Canadian Database (NBTRD).
Integrated Ballistics Information
Network) databases.
BDAS
BALLISTIC DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM
BDAS
Data acquisition is the process of sampling signals and
converting them into digital numeric values that can be
manipulated by a computer.
BDAS is a precision, integrated unit that gathers data
for complete ballistics analysis.
The resulting sophisticated and versatile product can be
utilised in the measurement of velocity and rate of fire
of a projectile; port and chamber pressure within the
weapon and the action time
BALLISTIC PARAMETERS
Chamber & port pressure
Action time
Velocity across up to 5 pairs of start -stop detectors
Rate-of firing
Fall-of shot (shot position)
Environmental conditions: Temperature, humidity&
air pressure
The first four measurements are made by a
single unit: B DAS
UNIVERSAL RECEIVER
TYPE 681
LEFT VIEW
MANUAL
TRIGGER
UNIVERSAL RECEIVER
TYPE 681
BACK VIEW
Breech-open
Chamber
Firing Pin
FLASH DETECTOR
INDOOR CLIMATE MONITOR TYPE 598
FIRING RANGE
OPTICAL
DETECTOR
TYPE858
OPTICAL DETECTOR TYPE858
LARGE AREA OPTICAL TARGET TYPE 340
Recovery box
AUTO FIRING RANGE CONTROL UNIT
RANGE CONTROL SOFTWARE
