Adama Science and Technology University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Assignment II MEng 4203 Turbomachinery 4th Yr
Maximum marks : 40
Date/Time of Submission: 23 November in R5 Office between 9 AM and 10 AM.
Note: Assignment should have cover page format in printed form-this cover page should include Assignment number, Course
code and Course Name, Academic year, Date of submission, Name and Roll number. Non-compliance of this and ‘Late
submission’ will result in negative marks. Assignment has to be submitted ‘in person’ along with attendance, else submission
will not be considered. This is an individual assignment. It should be handwritten neatly. There will be 5 marks for neatness
which will be awarded only for very good, neat and legible handwriting and presentation. Copying without understanding or
writing irrelevant answer will result in negative marks. Remember that you can be questioned about the answers in the
assignment anytime, so be completely conversant and understand what you have written otherwise it will be considered as
copied. Those students who offer their assignment to others for copying will be heavily penalized. So DO NOT share your
assignment with others.
1. A 20 MW back-pressure turbine receives steam at 4 MPa and 300 deg. C, exhausting from the last stage
such that the steam is in saturated condition. The stage efficiency is 0.85, reheat factor 1.04, and external
losses 2% of the actual isentropic enthalpy drop. Determine the rate of steam flow. Use steam tables for
the calculation.
2. A low-pressure steam turbine within a power station has an entry temperature of 450 deg. C and an entry
pressure of 30 bar. At exit from the turbine, the condenser pressure is 0.06 bar and due to the effects of
moisture, the turbine isentropic efficiency is given by ηt = 0.9-y, where y is the wetness fraction of the
steam at turbine exit (and y=1-x, where x is the dryness fraction). Find the net work output from the
turbine per kg of steam and determine the turbine polytropic (stage) efficiency assuming a reheat factor of
1.02. The turbine consists of repeating stages designed with zero reaction, a flow coefficient of 0.8 and
axial flow at inlet to each stage. If it rotates at 2000 rpm and has a mean radius of 0.9 m, determine the
number of stages, the absolute flow angle at nozzle exit, and the relative angle at rotor inlet. Use the
following table of properties for water and steam:
3. Show, for an axial-flow turbine stage, that the relative stagnation enthalpy across the rotor row does not
change. Draw an enthalpy-entropy diagram for the stage labeling all salient points. Stage reaction for a
turbine is defined as the ratio of the static enthalpy drop in the rotor to that in the stage. Derive
expressions for the reaction in terms of the flow angles and draw velocity triangles for reactions of 0.0,
0.5, and 1.0.
4. In a Parson’s reaction turbine, the rotor blades are similar to the stator blades but with the angles
measured in the opposite direction. The efflux angle relative to each row of blades is 70 degrees from the
axial direction, the exit velocity of steam from the stator blades is 160 m/s, the blade speed is 152.5 m/s,
and the axial velocity is constant. Determine the specific work done by the steam per stage. A turbine of
80% internal efficiency consists of N such stages as just described and receives steam from the stop valve.
If the condition of steam at outlet is saturated vapour, find the approximate number of stages N. Use
Steam tables for the calculations.
5. Dry saturated steam is expanded in a nozzle from 1.3 MPa to 0.1 MPa. Assume friction loss in the nozzle
is equal to 10% of the total enthalpy drop; calculate the mass of steam discharged when the nozzle exit
radius is 10 mm.
6. In one stage of an impulse turbine the velocity of steam at the exit from the nozzle is 460 m/s, the nozzle
angle is 22 degrees and the blade angle is 33 degrees. Find the blade speed so that the steam shall pass on
without shock. Also find the stage efficiency and end thrust on the shaft, assuming relative velocity
decreases by 80% while passing the blade. Also assume that blades are symmetrical.
7. In an impulse turbine, the velocity of steam at the exit from the nozzle is 700 m/s and the nozzles are
inclined at 22 degrees to the blades, whose tips are both 34 degrees. If the relative velocity of steam to the
blade exit is 95% of the inlet relative velocity, calculate the blade speed, end thrust on the shaft, and
efficiency when the turbine develops 1500 kW.
8. A single-stage gas turbine operates at its design condition with an axial absolute flow at entry and exit
from the stage. The absolute flow angle at nozzle exit is 70 degrees. At stage entry, the total pressure and
temperature are 311 kPa and 850 degree C, respectively. The exhaust static pressure is 100 kPa, the total-
to-static efficiency is 0.87, and the mean blade speed is 500 m/s. Assuming constant axial velocity
through the stage, determine 1. the specific work done; 2. the Mach number leaving the nozzle; 3. the
axial velocity.
